RU2801583C1 - Landing beacon group of decimeter wavelength range - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio navigation aids.

SUBSTANCE: radio navigation aids for automated flight and landing control systems for aircraft in the decimeter wavelength range used as a radio system for instrumental approach of aircraft for landing by issuing on board information about aircraft deviations from the established course and glide paths, as well as the range of aircraft ships to the point of landing on the runway. The landing beacon group of the decimeter wavelength range for providing instrumental approach for aircraft landing additionally contains a localizer transmitter in the frequency range 960.0-1000.5 MHz, a block for generating and adjusting signals in the frequency range 960.0-1000.5 MHz, frequency-separating sum channel device, difference channel frequency-separating device, dual-band heading antenna.

EFFECT: providing the possibility of simultaneous navigation maintenance of aircraft equipped with on-board equipment of a short-range navigation radio system of different generations operating in the radio frequency ranges of 772.0-966.9 MHz and 960.0-1000.5 MHz.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The field of technology to which the invention belongs

The invention relates to radio navigation aids for automated flight and landing control systems for aircraft in the decimeter wavelength range and can be used as a radio system for instrumental approach of aircraft for landing, by issuing on board information about aircraft deviations from the established course and glide paths, as well as range aircraft to touchdown on the runway.

The landing radio beacon group (LRMG) uses radio beacons (local and glide path radio beacons) for generating and emitting high-frequency radio navigation signals and a rangefinder repeater for receiving and processing a range request signal from aircraft, followed by the formation and emission of a range response signal to ensure aircraft landing on I - Category II meteorological minimum.

State of the art

Known landing beacon groups decimeter range PRMG-4 and PRMG-10, developed using reflector antennas that operate in the presence of interfering reflections of radiated radio signals from the earth's surface.

These landing beacon groups allow you to generate radio navigation signals in the radio frequency range of 772.0 - 966.9 MHz (figure 1) and ensure the landing of aircraft not higher than the 1st category (decision height of at least 60 m with a horizontal visibility range of at least 800 m).

Known landing beacon groups decimeter range PRMG-76 and PRMG-76U, developed using antenna arrays, which also operate in the presence of interfering reflections of radiated radio signals from the earth's surface. These landing radio beacons make it possible to generate signals in the radio frequency range of 772.0-966.9 MHz and ensure the landing of aircraft in the 1st category and, in special cases, with carefully leveled and prepared areas of the earth's surface at the installation sites of landing radio beacons at the aerodrome , according to the II category (the decision-making height is not less than 30 m with a horizontal visibility range of not less than 350 m).

Known landing beacon group decimeter range PRMG-76UM, manufactured by JSC "Chelyabinsk plant" Flight "and used at the airfields of state aviation of the Russian Federation to control flights and ensure the landing of aircraft in simple and adverse weather conditions.

A common disadvantage of these landing beacon groups is the operation only in the radio frequency range of 772.0-966.9 MHz, in which almost all frequency channels are in the wavelength range currently allocated for the operation of digital television and mobile communications.

The simultaneous operation of these funds in the allocated frequency range leads to the interference of unintentional active interference from TV signals and mobile communication signals on the quality of the domestic short-range radio navigation system of the landing beacon group RSBN-PRMG (figure 1).

Program “Events for the RFS Conversion in the Subjects of the Russian Federation. The territorial-temporal plan for the conversion of the radio frequency spectrum in the interests of the development of promising radio technologies in the Russian Federation, Part II ”provides for the transfer of the means of the short-range radio engineering system (RSBN) to the higher frequency part of the decimeter range (960.0-1000.5 MHz).

The last known landing beacon group PRMG-76UM was chosen as a prototype.

Disclosure of the essence of the invention

The purpose of the invention is the simultaneous navigation service of aircraft equipped with on-board equipment of a short-range navigation radio system of different generations operating in the frequency ranges of 772.0-966.9 MHz and 960.0-1000.5 MHz (previous generations include RSBN-2S, RSBN -85, A-312, A-380, modern generations include RBSN-NP, RSBN-OVK-2000 equipment under development, etc.).

This goal is achieved by a technical solution, which implemented the introduction of the second channel for the formation and transmission of navigation information in the international range (960.0-1000.5 MHz).

Simultaneous operation of the landing beacon group of the decimeter wavelength range (PRMG-OMD) in the radio frequency bands 772.0-966.9 MHz and 960.0-1000.5 MHz is provided by:

1) Introduction of a second transmitter for the international band;

2) Introduction of a frequency-separating device into the feeder path of the localizer for summing the signals of two ranges;

3) The introduction of a dual-band antenna.

This problem could be solved by installing the second set of equipment for the landing radio beacon group of the decimeter wavelength range, designed to operate in the frequency range of 960.0-1000.5 MHz, at the position (method of solving the problem by the aggregation method). However, this method has significant disadvantages:

- Difficulty of placing two sets of antennas at the position (especially the placement of heading antennas and remote control devices on the continuation of the axis of the runway);

- Complicating the setup of the instrumental landing complex in terms of combining the coverage areas of the systems of the domestic (772.0-966.9 MHz) and international (960.0-1000.5 MHz) channels;

- Unjustified increase in weight, size and cost characteristics;

- Passion for operating costs;

According to the invention, the landing radio beacon group of the decimeter wavelength range for providing instrumental landing consists of a localizer, a glide path radio beacon, remote control equipment, a rangefinder repeater placed together with a glide path radio beacon, characterized in that it additionally contains a localizer transmitter of the frequency range 960, 0-1000.5 MHz, block for generating and adjusting signals in the frequency range 960.0-1000.5 MHz with first and second outputs, block for generating and adjusting signals in the frequency range 772.0-966.9 MHz with first and second outputs, frequency - a sum channel splitter with the first and second inputs, a difference channel frequency splitter with the first and second inputs, a dual-band heading antenna with the first and second inputs, and the input of the localizer transmitter of the radio frequency range 960.0-1000.5 MHz is connected to the second the output of the second central monitoring and control device; the first output of the second central monitoring and control device is connected to the input of the localizer transmitter in the frequency range 772.0-966.9 MHz, the output of which is connected to the input of the block for generating and adjusting signals in the frequency range 772.0-966.9 MHz, the output of the localizer transmitter in the range radio frequencies 960.0-1000.5 MHz is connected to the input of the block for generating and adjusting signals in the radio frequency range 960.0-1000.5 MHz, the second output of which is connected to the second input of the frequency separation device of the difference channel, the output of which is connected to the second input of the heading antenna ; the first output of the block for generating and adjusting signals in the radio frequency range 772.0-966.9 MHz is connected to the first input of the frequency-separating device of the sum channel, the second output of the block for generating and adjusting signals in the radio frequency range 772.0-966.9 MHz is connected to the first input frequency - separating device of the differential channel; the first output of the block for generating and adjusting signals in the range of radio frequencies 960.0-1000.5 MHz is connected to the second input of the frequency-separating device of the sum channel, the output of which is connected to the first input of the heading antenna.

The technical result of the invention is to provide the possibility of simultaneous navigation maintenance of aircraft equipped with on-board equipment of a short-range navigation radio system of different generations operating in the radio frequency ranges of 772.0-966.9 MHz and 960.0-1000.5 MHz.

Brief description of the drawings

Figure 1 shows the loading of the radio spectrum in the range of 700-1000 MHz;

Figure 2 shows a functional diagram of the landing beacon group decimeter wavelengths according to the invention;

Figure 3 shows graphs of the difference F _Δ and total F _Σ patterns;

Figure 4 shows the resulting radiation pattern;

Figure 5 shows the dependence of the coefficient of disparity on the angle in the radio frequency ranges 772.0-966.9 MHz and 960.0-1000.5 MHz

Implementation of the invention

Functional diagram of the proposed landing beacon group decimeter wavelength range (one landing direction) is shown in Fig.2. The proposed landing radio beacon group of the decimeter wavelength range consists of a localizer, a glide path radio beacon, remote control equipment, a rangefinder repeater placed together with a glide path radio beacon.

The remote control equipment has one input (1) and two outputs (2) and (3). Input (1) is connected to the automated flight control system (ACS) via the Ethernet channel. The first output (2) of the remote control equipment is connected to the glide slope radio beacon equipment through the input (4) of the central monitoring and control device. The second output (6) of the central monitoring and control device is connected to the input (12) of the monitoring and control device. The first output (5) of the central monitoring and control device-1 is connected to the input (7) of the glide path radio beacon transmitter, the output (8) of which is connected to the input (9) of the unit for generating and adjusting glide path signals, the output (10) of which is connected to the input (11 ) glide slope antennas. The output (13) of the monitoring and control device is connected to the first input (14) of the processing device, the second input (15) of which is connected to the output (18) of the receiver of the range finder repeater of the radio wave range 772.0-966.9 MHz, the input (19) of which is connected with the output (27) of the rangefinder repeater antenna. The third input (16) of the processing device is connected to the output (20) of the transmitter of the range finder repeater, the input of which is connected to the first input (25) of the circulator. The output (17) of the processing device is connected to the input (22) of the repeater receiver of the rangefinder in the range of radio waves 960.0-1000.5 MHz, the output (23) of which is connected to the second input (24) of the circulator, the output (26) of which is connected to the input (27 ) range finder repeater antennas.

The second output (3) of the remote control equipment is connected to the localizer through the input (28) of the central monitoring and control device-2, the first output (29) of which is connected to the input (31) of the localizer transmitter in the radio wave band 772.0-966.9 MHz , the output (32) of which is connected to the input (33) of the block for generating and adjusting signals in the radio wave band 772.0-966.9 MHz, the first output (34) of which is connected to the first input (36) of the frequency-separating device of the sum channel, the output ( 38) of which is connected to the first input (39) of the heading antenna. The second output (30) of the central monitoring and control device-2 is connected to the input (40) of the localizer transmitter in the 960.0-1000.5 MHz wavelength range, the output (41) of which is connected to the input (42) of the block for generating and adjusting the range signals wavelengths 960.0-1000.5 MHz, the second output (44) of which is connected to the second input (46) of the frequency separation device of the difference channel, the output (47) of which is connected to the second input (48) of the heading antenna. The second output (35) of the block for generating and adjusting signals in the range of radio waves 772.0-966.9 MHz is connected to the first input (45) of the frequency separation device of the difference channel. The first output (43) of the block for generating and adjusting signals in the wavelength range of 960.0-1000.5 MHz is connected to the second input (37) of the frequency-separating device of the sum channel.

The work of the proposed landing beacon group of the decimeter wavelength range is as follows. Localizer and glidepath beacon antennas, each in its own plane, alternately radiate two radiation patterns in space. One pattern is generated by a high frequency signal modulated at 2100 Hz (f ₂ ), the other pattern is generated by a modulated 1300 Hz signal (f ₁ ). Moreover, the localizer emits a radiation pattern in two bands (772.0-966.9 MHz and 960.0-1000.5 MHz) simultaneously. The resulting radiation pattern for the wavelength ranges 772.0-966.9 MHz and 960.0-1000.5 MHz is formed by adding the sum and difference radiation patterns. The difference radiation pattern is calculated by formula (1).

Where:

- the number of emitters of the antenna array,

- radiation amplitude,

- carrier frequency 772.0-966.9 MHz / 960.0-1000.5 MHz,

- zero phase of radiation.

The total radiation pattern is calculated by formula (2).

The addition in space of two radiation patterns with modulation of 2100 Hz is calculated by the formula (3)

Where:

- phase shift

- additional phase advance

The addition in space of two radiation patterns with a modulation of 1300 Hz is calculated by the formula (4)

Where:

shown in figure 3

As a result, in space, alternately with a frequency of 12.5 Hz, two radiation patterns are formed, symmetrical with respect to some equisignal direction (RCH), which sets the course or glide path lines. Moreover, on one side of the line of the course / glide path, the field strength of one modulation prevails, and on the other side - the other. Aircraft position control relative to the equisignal direction is provided by on-board equipment interacting with the electromagnetic field formed by the radiation patterns of the localizer and glide path radio beacon in the vertical and horizontal planes. Comparison of the amplitudes of the fields on board the aircraft provides an indication of the course line/glide path, the side and the magnitude of the deviation from it in the radio beacon coverage area and is characterized by the value of the hearing loss coefficient (CRC) determined by formula (5).

Where

- RF signal amplitude with modulation frequency 2100 Hz

- RF signal amplitude with modulation frequency 1300 Hz

The resulting radiation pattern is shown in Fig.4.

The dependence of the coefficient of hearing difference RRS on the angle in the wavelength ranges of 772.0-966.9 MHz and 960.0-1000.5 MHz is shown in Fig.5.

The range of aircraft to the touchdown point is determined by receiving and processing a range request (RR) message from the on-board equipment of aircraft, generating and retransmitting a range response (RD) message to the aircraft by the rangefinder repeater unit, which is part of the landing radio beacon group of the decimeter wavelength range .

The ranging channel is also used for air-to-ground-to-air exchange. The start of the exchange is initiated by a request from the rangefinder repeater. To reduce the level of interference created by the exchange channel, information exchange over the air-to-ground-to-air channel is carried out in a time interval of 5 ms between bursts of 1300 and 2100 Hz emitted by the glide path radio beacon.

The functional diagram (figure 2) shows one set of equipment for one landing direction. To ensure landing from two directions, two such sets are installed at the airfield.

Description of the operation of the localizer feeder path

The localizer feeder path consists of two channels for generating, adjusting and combining signals of the domestic (772.0-966.9 MHz) and international (960.0-1000.5 MHz) wave bands, each of which consists of a main and backup set of equipment .

The output signals of the blocks for generating and adjusting signals in the wavelength ranges 772.0-966.9 MHz and 960.0-1000.5 MHz through the path-load switches are fed to the frequency-separating device in the wavelength ranges 772.0-966.9 MHz and 960.0-1000.5 MHz of the sum channel. Differential channel signals are formed similarly. The signals from the outputs of both frequency-separating devices are fed to the inputs of the transmitting antenna. Thanks to the improved design of the antenna, the possibility of forming the required radiation patterns in a given frequency range is realized and simultaneous operation of the landing radio beacon group of the decimeter wavelength range in the wavelength ranges of 772.0-966.9 MHz and 960.0-1000.5 MHz is ensured.

Industrial Applicability

A prototype of a decimeter-wavelength radio beacon landing group has been developed and manufactured, and preliminary tests have been successfully carried out. The sample is undergoing state tests.

The effectiveness of the proposed landing radio beacon group of the decimeter wavelength range is confirmed by the positive results of preliminary tests of the prototype, which showed successful simultaneous navigation service of aircraft on the landing straight in the wavelength ranges of 772.0-966.9 MHz and 960.0-1000.5 MHz.

Figure 2 adopted the following abbreviations:

ADU KDP - remote control equipment with the first (2) and second (3) outputs;

TsUKU-1 - the first central monitoring and control device with the first (5) and second (6) outputs;

TsUKU-2 - the second central monitoring and control device with the first (29) and second (30) outputs;

UKU - control and management device;

PRD-G - timing transmitter;

BFG - block for the formation and adjustment of glide path signals;

A-G - glide path antenna;

UO - processing device with the first (14), second (15) and third (17) inputs;

PRM-RD OD - rangefinder repeater receiver of the domestic range (772.0-966.9 MHz);

PRM-RD MD - international range rangefinder repeater receiver (960.0-1000.5 MHz);

PRD-RD - rangefinder repeater transmitter;

C - circulator with the first (25) and second (24) inputs;

A-RD - rangefinder repeater antenna;

PRD-K OD - localizer transmitter (KRM) of the domestic range;

PRD-K MD - localizer transmitter (KRM) of the international range;

BFKO - block for the formation and adjustment of signals of the domestic range with the first (34) and second (35) outputs;

BFKM - block for the formation and adjustment of signals of the international range with the first (43) and second (44) outputs;

CHRU-1 - frequency-separating device of the sum channel with the first (36) and second (37) inputs;

CHRU-2 - frequency-separating device of the difference channel with the first (45) and second (46) inputs;

A-K - heading antenna with the first (39) and second (48) inputs. Bibliography:

[1] - G.A. Pakholkov, V.V. Kashinov et al. "Goniometric radio landing systems". - M.: Transport. - 1982

[2] - Landing beacon groups [Electronic resource]: Landing beacon groups PRMG-5, PRMG-76U -http://tc-athlet.rf/landing-beacon-groups/, access mode: free.

[3] - RF Patent No. 261971 C1, IPC G01S 1/16. Glide path beacon for landing approach along a steep trajectory (options) [Text] / Voytovich N.I., Zhdanov B.V.; No. 2016115278; dec. 04/19/16; publ. 05/11/17, Bull. No. 14.

Claims (1)

Landing radio beacon group of decimeter wavelength range for providing instrumental approach for aircraft landing, consisting of localizer, glide path radio beacon, remote control equipment, range finder repeater placed together with glide path radio beacon, characterized in that it additionally contains localizer transmitter of radio frequency range 772, 0-966.9 MHz, localizer transmitter in the radio frequency range 960.0-1000.5 MHz, block for generating and adjusting signals in the radio frequency range 960.0-1000.5 MHz with first and second outputs, block for generating and adjusting signals in the radio frequency range 772 0-966.9 MHz with the first and second outputs, the frequency splitter of the sum channel with the first and second inputs, the frequency splitter of the difference channel with the first and second inputs, the dual-band heading antenna with the first and second inputs, and the input of the heading transmitter the radio beacon of the radio frequency range 960.0-1000.5 MHz is connected to the second output of the second central monitoring and control device; the first output of the second central monitoring and control device is connected to the input of the localizer transmitter of the radio frequency range of 772.0-966.9 MHz, the output of the localizer transmitter of the radio frequency range of 772.0-966.9 MHz is connected to the input of the block for generating and adjusting signals of the radio frequency band 772, 0-966.9 MHz, the output of the localizer transmitter in the radio frequency range 960.0-1000.5 MHz is connected to the input of the block for generating and adjusting signals in the radio frequency range 960.0-1000.5 MHz, the second output of which is connected to the second input of the frequency-separating differential channel device, the output of which is connected to the second input of the heading antenna; the first output of the block for generating and adjusting signals in the radio frequency range 772.0-966.9 MHz is connected to the first input of the frequency-separating device of the sum channel, the second output of the block for generating and adjusting signals in the radio frequency range 772.0-966.9 MHz is connected to the first input frequency - separating device of the differential channel; the first output of the block for generating and adjusting signals in the range of radio frequencies 960.0-1000.5 MHz is connected to the second input of the frequency-separating device of the sum channel, the output of which is connected to the first input of the heading antenna.

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