RU2800911C1 - Thermal insulation panel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction materials.

SUBSTANCE: heat-insulating panel contains outer and inner surface layers formed by co-extrusion from different compositions, the space between which is filled with a heat-insulating material. The outer surface layer contains a thermoplastic polymer having a melt flow strength of 4-12 g/10 min and a melting point of not more than 200°C, fibrous type wood particles with sizes from 1 to 2.5 mm pre-treated in an alkaline medium, isocyanate, process additive, and dye in the following ratio, wt.%: the specified thermoplastic polymer 30-35, wood particles ranging in size from 1 to 2.5 mm 54-56, isocyanate 7-10, process additive 2-3, dye 1-2. The inner surface layer contains a thermoplastic polymer having a melt flow strength of 4-12 g/10 min and a melting point of not more than 200°C, wood particles of fibrous type with sizes from 2.5 to 10 mm, in the following ratio, wt. %: the specified thermoplastic polymer 20-26, wood particles ranging in size from 2.5 to 10 mm 70-76, process additive 2-3, dye 1-2. The space between the surface layers is filled with polyol with a filler in the form of wood particles ranging in size from 10 to 15 mm, followed by the introduction of isocyanate into the mixture with the following ratio of components, wt.%: polyol 10-12.5, wood particles with sizes from 10 to 15 mm 75-80, isocyanate 10-12.5.

EFFECT: increased modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, ultimate compressive strength by an average of 1.3 times while maintaining a low coefficient of expansion in thickness during moisture absorption; expensive modifiers required to achieve the specifications are only used during formation of the outer surface layer reducing its cost, simpler composition of the inner surface layer, high strength parameters, high-quality interfacial layer between the matrix and the filler, significant improvement in strength and performance of the product.

2 cl, 1 dwg, 1 ex, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of building materials and can be used as structural heat-insulating boards and panels.

Known invention related to the field of building materials. Heat-insulating panel containing surface layers and space between surface layers, formed by extrusion from a composition containing a thermoplastic polymer in the form of polyethylene or polypropylene, wood particles 0.1-10 mm, polybutadiene, technical additive, dye, in the following ratio, wt. %: wood particles 0.1-10 mm 60-70 specified thermoplastic polymer 20-30 polybutadiene 4-5 technological additive 3-4 dye 1-3, and polyethylene or polypropylene has a melt flow strength of 3-10 g/10 min and temperature melting point is more than 100°C, and the space between the surface layers is filled with rigid polyurethane foam simultaneously with the formation of the surface layer, see RU Patent No. 2657571, IPC E04C 2/24 (2006.01); E04F 13/00(2006.01); E04 B 1/78 (2006.01), publ. 2018.

The disadvantages of this object is the lack of hardness, wear resistance, compressive strength.

Known invention relating to the field of industrial building materials. Heat-insulating material, including mixing one of the components - foaming polyurethane - with a filler and subsequent introduction into the mixture of another component - polyisocyanate, in which wood chips with dimensions of 4 ± 2 mm are used as a filler, which are preliminarily subjected to steam treatment at a temperature of 250 ° C , after processing, the sawdust is fed into the diffuser of the diffuser-confuser device, and a component of foaming polyurethane, including a polyether based on propylene oxide, oxypropylethylenediamine, dimethylethanolamine, oxyalkylenemethylsiloxane block copolymer, trichloroethyl phosphate, is fed to the sawdust, then the resulting mixture is discharged into a reactor in which the mixture is stirred and evacuated to a residual pressure in the reactor equal to 15-20 kPa, after which polyisocyanate is introduced into the mixture at a ratio of all components of the mixture, wt. %,

polyether based on propylene oxide 24.54-26.89 hydroxypropylethylenediamine 8.40-9.20 dimethylethanolamine 0.48-0.55 oxyalkylene methylsiloxane block copolymer 0.36-0.40 trichloroethyl phosphate 6.80-7.47 polyisocyanate 33.33-35.56 sawdust 20-25,

after mixing the components, the composite mass is sent to a mold heated to a temperature of 50-60 ° C and kept for 15-20 minutes, see RU Patent No. 00 (2006.01), publ. 2014.

The disadvantages of this invention are the low mechanical and strength characteristics.

The closest in technical essence is a heat-insulating panel containing surface layers formed by extrusion from a composition containing a thermoplastic polymer in the form of polyethylene or polypropylene and wood particles, and the space between the surface layers is filled with rigid polyurethane foam, according to the invention, as wood particles, the surface layers contain particles size from 0.16 to 0.75 mm of thermally modified wood bark, in the following ratio, wt. %:

polyethylene or polypropylene 20-30 particles of thermomodified tree bark 70-80,

and the space between the surface layers is filled with rigid filling polyurethane foam with wood particles 1-15 mm in size, in the following ratio, wt. %:

specified polyurethane foam 25-35 wood particles 1-15 mm 65-75,

and pressed,

see RU Patent No. 2731598; IPC E04C 2/24 (2006.01); E04B 1/78 (2006.01), publ. 2020.

The disadvantages of the known object are insufficient indicators of compressive strength, adhesion strength, low values of rupture and elasticity moduli, as well as a high percentage of expansion in thickness during moisture absorption.

The technical problem solved by the claimed invention is an increase in the elastic and tensile moduli, compressive strength and adhesion strength, while maintaining thermal insulation properties, as well as the inability to form surface layers with different compositions, layer thicknesses and different performance properties.

The technical problem is solved by creating a heat-insulating panel containing outer and inner surface layers, the space between which is filled with a heat-insulating material, in which the surface layers are formed by co-extrusion from different compositions, namely, the outer surface layer contains a thermoplastic polymer having a melt yield strength of 4-12 g / 10 min and a melting point of not more than 200 ° C, wood particles of a fibrous type with sizes from 1 to 2.5 mm, previously subjected to hot processing in an alkaline medium, isocyanate, processing aid and dye in the following ratio of components, wt. %:

specified thermoplastic polymer 30-35 wood particles with sizes from 1 to 2.5 mm 54-56 isocyanate 7-10 technological additive 2-3 dye 1-2,

and the inner surface layer contains a thermoplastic polymer having a melt yield strength of 4-12 g/10 min and a melting point of not more than 200°C, fibrous-type wood particles ranging in size from 2.5 to 10 mm, in the following ratio, wt. %:

specified thermoplastic polymer 20-26 wood particles from 2.5 to 10 mm in size 70-76 technological additive 2-3 dye 1-2,

and the space between the surface layers is filled with a polyol filled with wood particles ranging in size from 10 to 15 mm, followed by the introduction of isocyanate into the mixture, in the following ratio, wt. %:

polyol 10-12.5 wood particles from 10 to 15 mm in size 75-80 isocyanate 10-12.5

The solution of the technical problem makes it possible to increase the adhesion between the surface layers and the inner layer of the product, elasticity, rupture modulus, compressive strength of the heat-insulating panel by an average of 1.3 times while maintaining a low coefficient of expansion in thickness during moisture absorption - no more than 22.7%.

The formation of surface layers with different compositions, layer thicknesses and different operational properties allows the use of expensive thermoplastics, modifiers, dyes to achieve the required characteristics only when forming the outer surface layer depending on the operating environment. In this case, the inner surface layer has a simpler composition.

Characteristics of the substances used in the declared object:

To form the outer surface layer, wood particles 1-2.5 mm in size are used as a filler, obtained in three stages:

at the first stage, waste from coniferous wood is crushed into chips on a rotary grinder, after which the resulting chips are subjected to hot processing in an alkaline environment for 30-105 minutes and at a temperature of not more than 120 ° C, and then crushed to the required size, followed by abrasion for defibrators.

To form the inner surface layer, fibrous wood particles are used as a filler, obtained from coniferous and hardwood waste with a size of 2.5-10 mm, which are obtained by abrasion of wood particles in defibrators.

The matrix of the outer surface layer of the heat-insulating panel is made of a thermoplastic polymer of low-pressure polyethylene HDPE Snolen EP 0.49/47 or high-pressure polyethylene grade PVD 10803-020 VS GOST 16337-77 or polypropylene grade Gomo PNG PPNO HI500, or SAN plastic grade SAN NF2200 and isocyanate brand Wannate RM-200. Hereinafter, specific brands are given as an example, a person skilled in the art will be able to select suitable brands based on his knowledge and this description without creative effort.

The matrix of the inner surface layer of the heat-insulating panel is made of thermoplastic polymer polyethylene terephthalate grade PET-G-75 GOST R 51695-2000.

The indicated range of the melt yield strength of 4-12 g/10 min and the melting temperature of not more than 200°C is optimal for the extrusion of wood particles of the specified sizes and allows obtaining high-quality adhesion between the wood particles and the polymer matrix.

As technological additives, the outer surface layer contains red iron oxide pigment HI30, or yellow iron oxide pigment G313, or rutile titanium dioxide R298, or polyethylene wax (analogue of PV-200).

As technological additives, the inner surface layer contains carbon black N330, which increases the tensile strength and increases wear resistance, reduces hysteresis.

As a dye, the outer surface layer contains an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) A-C 400A or a masterbatch (RAL, Pantone).

As a dye, the inner surface layer contains the chalk additive KA-2 CCFM PP 682.

The space between the surface layers consists of wood particles mixed with LapS 48-40 polyol and WANNATE PM-200 isocyanate.

On FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a heat-insulating panel:

1 - the inner surface layer of a heat-insulating panel formed by co-extrusion from a composition containing a thermoplastic polymer having a melt yield strength of 4-12 g / 10 min and a melting point of not more than 200 ° C, and wood particles of a fibrous type with a size of 2.5-10 mm , technological additive, as well as dye;

2 - the space between the surface layers of the heat-insulating panel is filled with a composition of polyurethane foam and wood particles with a size of 10-15 mm;

3 - the outer surface layer of the heat-insulating panel, formed by co-extrusion from a composition containing a thermoplastic polymer having a melt yield strength of 4-12 g/10 min and a melting point of not more than 200 ° C, and wood particles of a fibrous type with a size of 1-2.5 mm , isocyanate, processing aid, and dye.

For a better understanding of the invention, we give examples of a specific implementation.

Example 1

To form the outer surface layer of the heat-insulating panel, wood particles 1 mm in size and matrix components are used in the following ratio, wt. %:

HDPE HDPE HDPE Snolen EP 0.49/47 30 coniferous particles 1 mm 56 isocyanate brand Wannate RM-200 10 technical additive iron oxide pigment red HI30 2 ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer dye A-C 400A 2, a for forming the inner surface layer of the heat-insulating panel use wood particles of fibrous type with a size of 2.5 mm and matrix components in the following ratio, wt. %:

PET-G-75 GOST R 51695-2000 26 wood particles 2.5 mm 70 technological additive carbon black N330 2 dye chalk additive KA-2 CCFM РР 682 2 which are mixed and sent to the loading device of the extrusion unit.

To form the space between the surface layers of the heat-insulating panel, the components are used in the following ratio:

polyol brand Laps 48-40 10 wood particles 2.5 mm 80 WANNATE RM-200 isocyanate 10.

The space between the surface layers is filled with polyol with a filler in the form of wood fibers with a size of 10 mm and the subsequent introduction of isocyanate into the mixture and mixed in a vacuum environment, through a co-extrusion head when fed from the installation.

Studies to determine the modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, compressive strength and expansion coefficient in thickness during moisture absorption were carried out using the equipment of the Center for Collective Use "Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies" of the Kazan National Research Technological University.

Research on the modulus of elasticity was carried out in accordance with GOST R 57864-2017. The value of the modulus of elasticity was 1.11 hPa.

Research on the rupture modulus was carried out in accordance with GOST R 57867-2017. The value of the modulus of rupture was 18.5 MPa.

Compressive strength studies were carried out in accordance with GOST 4651-2014. The compressive strength value was 45.3 MPa.

Studies on the coefficient of expansion in thickness during moisture absorption were carried out in accordance with GOST R 56762-2015. The value of the coefficient of expansion in thickness during moisture absorption was 22.5%.

Examples 2-12 are similar to example 1.

In examples 1 to 12, as a matrix of wood particles, the inner surface layer contains low-pressure polyethylene having a melt yield strength of 5 g/10 min, 6 g/10 min, 7 g/10 min and a melting point of 170°C, 180°C, 190 °C, respectively.

In example 1, 2, 3, as a matrix of wood particles, the outer surface layer contains low-pressure polyethylene having a melt yield strength of 5 g/10 min, 6 g/10 min, 7 g/10 min and a melting point of 170°C, 180° C, 190°C, respectively.

In example 4, 5 and 6, as a matrix of wood particles, the outer surface layer contains high pressure polyethylene having a melt yield strength of 6 g/10 min, 7 g/10 min, 8 g/10 min and a melting point of 175°C, 185° C, 195°C, respectively.

In example 7, 8 and 9, as a matrix of wood particles, the outer surface layer contains polypropylene having a melt yield strength of 4 g/10 min, 4.5 g/10 min, 5 g/10 min and a melting point of 160°C, 175° C, 190°C, respectively.

In example 10, 11 and 12, as a matrix of wood particles, the outer surface layer contains SAN plastic (copolymer of styrene and acrylonitrile) having a melt yield strength of 10 g/10 min, 11 g/10 min, 12 g/10 min and a melting point 190°C, 195°C, 200°C respectively.

The ratios of the components for the formation of surface layers and the space between the surface layers of the heat-insulating panel, as well as its characteristics: modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, compressive strength and expansion coefficient in thickness during moisture absorption are shown in Table 1.

As can be seen from the examples of a specific implementation, the set of features of the claimed object in comparison with the prototype allows to increase the modulus of rupture, the modulus of elasticity, the ultimate compressive strength by an average of 1.3 times while maintaining a low coefficient of expansion in thickness during moisture absorption.

The addition of isocyanate resin in the outer surface layer significantly increases the strength of non-polar polymers, while improving the structural properties of the wood filler and reducing the surface polarity and interface defect between the wood filler and the plastic. Isocyanate has practically zero moisture absorption, is an excellent insulator from water and steam.

The addition of a polyol to form a space between the surface layers provides a dense polymer base by reacting with the isocyanate.

The use of SAN plastic in the outer surface layer makes it possible to obtain high adhesive properties with wood fiber, since this plastic is independent of the type of binding agent.

The most important task in obtaining the outer surface layers is to ensure the compatibility of the non-polar polymer matrix and wood filler. This problem is solved by introducing technological additives into the composition of the surface layers, which increase the compatibility of the matrix and filler, which, in turn, improves the mechanical properties of the surface layers.

The use of expensive modifiers to achieve the required characteristics only when forming the outer surface layer makes it possible to reduce its cost, while the inner surface layer has a simpler composition.

The processing of wood filler in a hot alkaline medium contributes to a change in the structural structure of the particles, which in turn makes it possible to obtain a filler with high strength characteristics and to achieve the formation of a high-quality interfacial layer between the matrix and the filler, which can significantly improve the strength and performance characteristics of the product.

Claims (7)

1. A heat-insulating panel containing outer and inner surface layers, the space between which is filled with a heat-insulating material, characterized in that the surface layers are formed by co-extrusion from different compositions, namely, the outer surface layer contains a thermoplastic polymer having a melt yield strength of 4-12 g / 10 min and a melting point of not more than 200 ° C, wood particles of a fibrous type with sizes from 1 to 2.5 mm, previously subjected to hot processing in an alkaline medium, isocyanate, carbon black N330 and a dye in the following ratio of components, wt.%: specified thermoplastic polymer 30–35 wood particles with sizes from 1 to 2.5 mm 54–56 isocyanate 7–10 carbon black N330 2–3 dye 1-2, the inner surface layer contains a thermoplastic polymer of polyethylene terephthalate, having a melt yield strength of 4-12 g/10 min and a melting point of not more than 200°C, wood particles of a fibrous type with sizes from 2.5 to 10 mm, in the following ratio of components, wt.%: thermoplastic polyethylene terephthalate polymer 20–26 wood particles from 2.5 to 10 mm in size 70–76 carbon black N330 2–3 dye 1-2, the space between the surface layers is formed by a mixture of polyol, wood particles ranging in size from 10 to 15 mm, isocyanate, with the following ratio of components, wt.%: polyol 10–12.5 wood particles with sizes from 10 to 15 mm 75–80 isocyanate 10–12.5 2. The panel of claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic polymer of the outer surface layer is one of a thermoplastic polymer of LDPE or LDPE or PP or SAN plastic and isocyanate.

Images