RU2527417C1 - Method of obtaining porous heat-insulating material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: in method of obtaining porous heat-insulating material, which includes mixing one of components of expandable polyurethane with filling agent and further introduction into mixture of other component - polyisocyanate, as filling agent used is sawdust with dimensions 4±2 mm, which is preliminarily subjected to vapour processing at temperature, equal 250°C, after processing sawdust is supplied into diffuser of diffusor-confusor device, with supply into zone of transfer of diffuser into confusor of expandable polyurethane component, which includes polyether, based on propylene oxide, oxypropylethylenediamine, dimethylethanolamine, oxyalkylenemethylsiloxane block-copolymer, trichloroethylphosphate; then, obtained mixture is discharged into reactor, where mixture is mixed and vacuumed to residual pressure, equal 15-20 kPa, after which polyisocyanate is introduced into mixture with ratio of all mixture components, wt %: polyether based on propylene oxide 24.54-26.89, oxypropylethylenediamine 8.40-9.20, dimethylethanolamine 0.48-0.55, oxyalkylenemethylsiloxane block-copolymer 0.36-0.40, trichloroethylphosphate 6.80-7.47, polyisocyanate 33.33-35.56, sawdust 20-25, after mixing components, composite mass is supplied into heated to temperature 50-60°C mould and kept for 15-20 min.

EFFECT: obtaining heat-insulating material with lower density and heat-conductivity.

1 dwg, 2 tbl, 12 ex

Description

The invention relates to the building materials industry and can be used in the manufacture of porous building heat-insulating products or monolithic insulation for insulation of external facades of buildings and structures.

A heat-insulating material and a method for its production are known, characterized in that cardboard is used as a fibrous filler, which is pre-soaked and then dehydrated to obtain a fibrous mass. Then it is mixed with the ingredients in a tape mixer, in the following ratio, wt.%

cardboard pulp 10.56-10.71 binder - polyvinyl acetate glue 0.35-1.72 isocyanate-based hardener 0.02-0.09 foaming agent 0.37-0.38 water rest,

see RU Patent No. 2469977, IPC С04В 26/18 (2006.01), С04В 18/24 (2006.01), С04В 24/12, Е04В 1 / 78,2012.

The disadvantages of this method are the complexity and duration of the process, as well as obtaining a heat-insulating material with relatively high thermal conductivity.

A known method of manufacturing a heat-insulating material, consisting of preparing the original composition by mixing its components, foaming the composition, spilling and curing in the form in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

curable base - 30-50% sodium liquid silicate glass 2.8-4.5 71-77 hardener - or sodium hexafluorosilicate (Na ₂ SiF ₆ ), or sodium hexafluorotitanate (Na ₂ TiF ₆ ), or mixtures thereof at any ratio of components 8.5-9.1 foaming agent - or sodium or triethanolammonium lauryl sulfate salt 0.9-3.2 filler - asbestos-chrysotile grades or A5, or A4, or A3 or A2 2.4-5.5 water rest,

see RU Patent No. 2458025, IPC С04В 38/10 (2006.01), С04В 40/00 (2006.01), 2011.

The disadvantages of this method is to obtain a thermal insulation material with relatively high thermal conductivity

The closest in technical essence is a method of obtaining a porous heat-insulating material, comprising mixing one of the components of an expandable polyurethane - polyethylene glycol with a filler, and then introducing into the mixture another component - a polyisocyanate, in which fine gypsum powder or dolomite flour is used as a filler, while these components are mixed in the ratio, wt.%:

Polyethylene glycol 20-30 Filler 50-65 Polyisocyanate 15-20,

see RU Patent No. 2169741, IPC7 C04G 18/04, C04B 38/10, 2001.

The disadvantage of this method is to obtain a thermal insulation material with a sufficiently high density and thermal conductivity.

The objective of the invention is to obtain a thermal insulation material with reduced density and thermal conductivity.

The technical problem is solved by creating a method for producing a porous heat-insulating material, including mixing one of the components — expandable polyurethane — with a filler and then introducing another component, a polyisocyanate, into the mixture, in which wood sawdust sizes of 4 ± 2 mm are used as filler, which are preliminarily subjected to steam treatment at a temperature of 250 ° C, after processing the sawdust is fed into the diffuser of the diffuser-confuser device, and in the transition zone of the diffuser into the confuser to the sawdust m is fed a component of an expandable polyurethane, including propylene oxide-based polyether, hydroxypropylethylenediamine, dimethylethanolamine, hydroxyalkylenemethylsiloxane block copolymer, trichloroethyl phosphate, then the resulting mixture is discharged into a reactor in which the mixture is stirred and vacuumized to a residual pressure of 15-20 then polyisocyanate is introduced into the mixture at a ratio of all components of the mixture, wt.%,

propylene oxide-based polyester 24.54-26.89 hydroxypropylethylenediamine 8.40-9.20 dimethylethanolamine 0.48-0.55 oxyalkylenemethylsiloxane block copolymer 0.36-0.40 trichloroethyl phosphate 6.80-7.47 polyisocyanate 33.33-35.56 sawdust 20-25,

after mixing the components, the composite mass is sent to a mold heated to a temperature of 50-60 ° C and held for 15-20 minutes.

The solution to the technical problem allows to obtain a porous heat-insulating material with a reduced density of 5 times and, therefore, with reduced thermal conductivity.

To implement the claimed method using the following substances:

- a polyester based on propylene oxide of the trademark, for example Laprol 502M, TU 2226-012-05766801-93 or Laprol 402-2-100, TU 2226-013-10488057-94;

- hydroxypropylethylene diamine - the product of the interaction of propylene oxide with an aqueous solution of ethylene diamine brand Lapromol 294, TU 226-010-10488057-94;

- oxyalkylenemethylsiloxane block copolymer is a surfactant of the Penta brand 483, TU 2483-026-40245042-2004;

- dimethylethanolamine is used as a catalytic additive, TU 6-02-1086-91;

- trichloroethyl phosphate is used as an extinguishing agent TU 2493-319-05763441-2000;

- as a polyisocyanate use a polyisocyanate according to TU 113-03-38-106-90 - polymer 4,4′-bisphenylmethanediisocyanate (MDI), or a mixture of bisphenylmethanediisocyanate (MDI) and toluene diisocyanates (TDI), or a mixture of 2.4 and 2.6 -toluene diisocyanates (ratio 80:20);

- as a filler use wood waste - sawdust, mainly coniferous.

Figure 1 shows the installation for obtaining a porous insulating material.

The installation consists of a hopper 1 with wood sawdust, a hopper cover 2, a drum feeder 3 for feeding sawdust, an autoclave 4, a steam generator 5, a valve 6 for supplying steam, a unit 7 for unloading the processed sawdust from the autoclave, a diffuser-confuser device 8, a container 9 with a component A, a valve 10 for supplying component A, a volumetric dispenser 11 of component A, a valve 12 communicating the volumetric dispenser with the atmosphere, a valve 13, a confuser 14, a shutter 15, a reactor 16, a mechanism 17 for lowering and rotating the shaft of the stirrer 19, punch 18, drive 20 punch stock, 21 punch stock sone, motor 22 of the gearbox, gear 23, impeller 24, condenser 25, vacuum pump 26, container 27 with component B, valve 28 for supplying component B, volume dispenser 29 for component B, valve 30 communicating volumetric dispenser B with atmosphere , valve 31, ball valve 32, heated mold 33 for the molded product.

To substantiate the essence of the invention, examples of obtaining a porous insulating material are given. Data on the composition of the components of the claimed object and prototype are presented in table 1.

The thermal conductivity and density of samples (1-12) for the claimed object and prototype are presented in table 2.

Example 1. A method of obtaining a porous insulating material is as follows. 20.00 wt.% (13.5 g) of wood sawdust with dimensions of 4 ± 2 mm is loaded into hopper 1, which then passes through the drum feeder 3 into the autoclave 4 for steam treatment at a temperature of 250 ° C for 1-2 sec When the drum feeder 3 and the discharge unit 7 are closed, steam is supplied to the autoclave 4 by opening the valve 6 to supply steam to the steam generator 5.

After steam treatment, the sawdust unloading unit 7 is opened, the valve 13, the shutter 15 and the sawdust are fed into the diffuser of the diffuser-confuser device 8. A component of expandable polyurethane (A) in the amount of 44.44 wt.% (30) is fed into the diffuser transition zone into the confuser. 00 g), which includes a propylene oxide-based polyester 26.89 wt.% (18.15 g), hydroxypropylethylenediamine 9.20 wt.% (6.21 g), dimethylethanolamine 0.53 wt.% (0, 36 g), hydroxyalkylenemethylsiloxane block copolymer 0.39 wt.% (0.26 g), trichloroethyl phosphate 7.43 wt.% (5.02 g).

The resulting mixture is discharged into the reactor 16, equipped with a mixing device of the blade type. With the shutter 15, valve 31 and ball valve 32 closed in the reactor 16, the composite mixture is mixed with the expandable polyurethane component (A) using a paddle mixer 24 for 2-3 minutes, and then vacuumized using a vacuum pump 26 to a residual pressure, equal to 15-20 kPa. Vapors of excess moisture contained in the sawdust condense in the condenser 25. The composition in the reactor is cooled.

After evacuation, polyisocyanate (B) - polymer 4,4'-bisphenylmethanediisocyanate (MDI) is added to the mixture in an amount of 35.56 wt.% (24 g), by opening valve 28 to supply component B and 30 with valve 28 closed, then open the valve 31. The valve 31 is closed and the components of the expandable polyurethane component (A) and the polyisocyanate (B) are mixed in the reactor 16 with a paddle mixer 24.

After mixing, open the ball valve 32 and the resulting composite mass is sent to form 33 heated to a temperature of 50-60 ° C by lowering the punch 18. Lowering the punch 18 is carried out by rotating the screw from the actuator of the rod 20, which is a nut with an external gear 23 and internal thread for moving the rod, driven by the motor 22 of the gearbox. After extruding the ball valve 32 is closed, the mass is kept in the form of 15-20 minutes

Example 2. The operations are carried out analogously to example 1, while taking 21.00 wt.% (14.35 g) of sawdust 4 ± 2 mm in size, previously subjected to steam treatment at a temperature of 250 ° C, after processing the sawdust is fed into the diffuser diffuser-confuser device, and in the transition zone of the diffuser in the confuser to the sawdust, 43.89 wt.% (30 g) of the expandable polyurethane component (A) is supplied, which includes a polyether based on propylene oxide 26.56 wt.% (18.16 g), hydroxypropylethylenediamine 9.08 wt.% (6.20 g), dimethylethanolamine 0.53 wt.% (0.37 g), hydroxyalkylene lsiloksanovy block copolymer of 0.38 wt.% (0.26 g), trichloroethyl 7.34 wt.% (5.01 g).

Then the resulting mixture is evacuated to a residual pressure of 15-20 kPa. After that, polyisocyanate (B), a mixture of bisphenylmethanediisocyanate (MDI) and toluene diisocyanates (TDI), 35.11 wt.% (24 g), containing 19.0 g of MDI and 5.0 g of TDI, is introduced into the mixture. After mixing the components, the composite mass is sent to a mold heated to a temperature of 50-60 ° C and held for 15-20 minutes.

Example 3. The operations are carried out analogously to example 1, while taking 22.00 wt.% (15.23 g) of sawdust 4 ± 2 mm in size, previously subjected to steam treatment at a temperature of 250 ° C, after processing the sawdust is fed into the diffuser a diffuser-confuser device, and a component of expandable polyurethane (A) in the amount of 43.34 wt.% (30.00 g), which includes a polyester based on propylene oxide 26.21 wt.%, is fed into the sawdust transition zone into the confuser to sawdust. (18.15 g), hydroxypropylethylenediamine 8.97 wt.% (6.20 g), dimethylethanolamine 0.52 wt.% (0.36 g), o xylene alkylene methyl siloxane block copolymer 0.38 wt.% (0.27 g), trichloroethyl phosphate 7.26 wt.% (5.02 g).

Then the resulting mixture is evacuated to a residual pressure of 15-20 kPa. After that, 34.66 wt.% (24 g) of polyisocyanate (B), a mixture of isomers of 2.4 and 2.6, of toluene diisocyanates (ratio 80:20), is introduced into the mixture. After mixing the components, the composite mass is sent to a mold heated to a temperature of 50-60 ° C and held for 15-20 minutes.

Example 4. The operations are carried out analogously to example 1, while taking 23.00 wt.% (16,12 g) of sawdust 4 ± 2 mm in size, previously subjected to steam treatment at a temperature of 250 ° C, after processing the sawdust is fed into the diffuser a diffuser-confuser device, and a component of expandable polyurethane (A) in the amount of 42.78 wt.% (30.00 g), which includes a polyester based on propylene oxide 25.89 wt.%, is fed into the sawdust transition zone into the confuser to sawdust. (18.14 g), hydroxypropylethylenediamine 8.86 wt.% (6.20 g), dimethylethanolamine 0.51 wt.% (0.36 g), o xyalkylenemethylsiloxane block copolymer 0.37 wt.% (0.25 g), trichloroethyl phosphate 7.15 wt.% (5.05 g).

Then the resulting mixture is evacuated to a residual pressure of 15-20 kPa. After that, 34.22 wt.% (24 g) of polyisocyanate (B), a mixture of isomers of 2.4 and 2.6, of toluene diisocyanates (80:20 ratio), is introduced into the mixture. After mixing the components, the composite mass is sent to a mold heated to a temperature of 50-60 ° C and held for 15-20 minutes.

Example 5. The operations are carried out analogously to example 1, while taking 24.00 wt.% (17.05 g) of sawdust 4 ± 2 mm in size, previously subjected to steam treatment at a temperature of 250 ° C, after processing the sawdust is fed into the diffuser a diffuser-confuser device, and a component of expandable polyurethane (A) in the amount of 42.22 wt.% (30.00 g), which includes a polyester based on propylene oxide 25.55 wt.%, is fed into the sawdust transition zone into the confuser to sawdust. (18.14 g), hydroxypropylethylenediamine 8.74 wt.% (6.21 g), dimethylethanolamine 0.50 wt.% (0.36 g), o xylene alkylene methyl siloxane block copolymer 0.37 wt.% (0.27 g), trichloroethyl phosphate 7.06 wt.% (5.02 g).

Then the resulting mixture is evacuated to a residual pressure of 15-20 kPa. After that, 33.78 wt.% (24 g) of polyisocyanate (B), a mixture of bisphenylmethanediisocyanate (MDI) and toluene diisocyanates (TDI), is introduced into the mixture. After mixing the components, the composite mass is sent to a mold heated to a temperature of 50-60 ° C and held for 15-20 minutes.

Example 6. The operations are carried out analogously to example 1, while taking 25.00 wt.% (18.00 g) of sawdust 4 ± 2 mm in size is preliminarily subjected to steam treatment at a temperature of 250 ° C, after processing the sawdust is sent to the diffuser diffuser -confuser device, and a component of expandable polyurethane (A) in the amount of 41.67 wt.% (30.00 g), which includes a polyether based on propylene oxide of 25.22 wt. 18.15 g), hydroxypropylethylenediamine 8.63 wt.% (6.21 g), dimethylethanolamine 0.49 wt.% (0.3 6 g), o xyalkylenemethylsiloxane block copolymer 0.36 wt.% (0.26 g), trichloroethyl phosphate 6.97 wt.% (5.02 g).

Then the resulting mixture is evacuated to a residual pressure of 15-20 kPa. After that, 33.33 wt.% (24 g) of polyisocyanate (B) polymeric 4,4'-bisphenylmethanediisocyanate (MDI) is introduced into the mixture. After mixing the components, the composite mass is sent to a mold heated to a temperature of 50-60 ° C and held for 15-20 minutes.

Example 7. The operations are carried out analogously to example 1, while taking 20.00 wt.% (13.5 g) of sawdust 4 ± 2 mm in size, previously subjected to steam treatment at a temperature of 250 ° C, after processing the sawdust is fed into the diffuser a diffuser-confuser device, and a component of the expandable polyurethane (A) in the amount of 44.44 wt.% (30.00 g), which includes a polyester based on propylene oxide of 26.85 wt. (18.12 g), hydroxypropylethylenediamine 9.17 wt.% (6.20 g), dimethylethanolamine 0.55 wt.% (0.37 g), o sialkilenmetilsiloksanovy block copolymer of 0.40 wt.% (0.27 g), trichloroethyl 7.47 wt.% (5.04 g).

Then the resulting mixture is evacuated to a residual pressure of 15-20 kPa. After that, 35.56% (24 g) of polyisocyanate (B), a mixture of isomers of 2.4 and 2.6, of toluene diisocyanates (ratio 80: 20), is introduced into the mixture. After mixing the components, the composite mass is sent to a mold heated to a temperature of 50-60 ° C and held for 15-20 minutes.

Example 8. The operations are carried out analogously to example 1, while taking 21.00 wt.% (14.35 g) of sawdust 4 ± 2 mm in size, previously subjected to steam treatment at a temperature of 250 ° C, after processing the sawdust is fed into the diffuser a diffuser-confuser device, and a component of expandable polyurethane (A) in the amount of 43.89 wt.% (30.00 g), which includes a polyester based on propylene oxide 26.55 wt.%, is fed into the sawdust transition zone into the confuser to sawdust. (18.15 g), hydroxypropylethylenediamine 9.10 wt.% (6.21 g), dimethylethanolamine 0.52 wt.% (0.35 g), o xyalkylenemethylsiloxane block copolymer 0.40 wt.% (0.30 g), trichloroethyl phosphate 7.32 wt.% (4.99 g).

Then the resulting mixture is evacuated to a residual pressure of 15-20 kPa. After that, 35.11 wt.% (24 g) of polyisocyanate (B), a mixture of bisphenylmethanediisocyanate (MDI) and toluene diisocyanates (TDI), is introduced into the mixture. After mixing the components, the composite mass is sent to a mold heated to a temperature of 50-60 ° C and held for 15-20 minutes.

Example 9. The operations are carried out analogously to example 1, while taking 22.00 wt.% (15.23 g) of sawdust 4 ± 2 mm in size, previously subjected to steam treatment at a temperature of 250 ° C, after processing the sawdust is fed into the diffuser a diffuser-confuser device, and a component of expandable polyurethane (A) in the amount of 43.00 wt.% (30.00 g), which includes a polyether based on propylene oxide of 25.99 wt.%, is fed into the sawdust transition zone into the confuser to sawdust. (18.15 g), hydroxypropylethylenediamine 8.89 wt.% (6.20 g), dimethylethanolamine 0.55 wt.% (0.38 g), o xyalkylenemethylsiloxane block copolymer 0.38 wt.% (0.26 g), trichloroethyl phosphate 7.19 wt.% (5.01 g).

Then the resulting mixture is evacuated to a residual pressure of 15-20 kPa. After that, 35.00 wt.% (24 g) of polyisocyanate (B), a mixture of isomers of 2.4 and 2.6, of toluene diisocyanates (ratio 80:20), is introduced into the mixture. After mixing the components, the composite mass is sent to a mold heated to a temperature of 50-60 ° C and held for 15-20 minutes.

Example 10. The operations are carried out analogously to example 1, while taking 23.00 wt.% (16,12 g) of sawdust 4 ± 2 mm in size, previously subjected to steam treatment at a temperature of 250 ° C, after processing the sawdust is fed into the diffuser a diffuser-confuser device, and a component of expandable polyurethane (A) in the amount of 41.77 wt.% (30.00 g), which includes a polyether based on propylene oxide 25.25 wt.%, is fed into the sawdust transition zone into the confuser to sawdust. (18.15 g), hydroxypropylethylenediamine 8.65 wt.% (6.21 g), dimethylethanolamine 0.49 wt.% (0.35 g), ksialkilenmetilsiloksanovy block copolymer of 0.40 wt.% (0.28 g), trichloroethyl 6.98 wt.% (5.01 g).

Then the resulting mixture is evacuated to a residual pressure of 15-20 kPa. After that, 35.23 wt.% (24 g) of polyisocyanate (B), a mixture of isomers of 2.4 and 2.6, of toluene diisocyanates (ratio 80:20), is introduced into the mixture. After mixing the components, the composite mass is sent to a mold heated to a temperature of 50-60 ° C and held for 15-20 minutes.

Example 11. The operations are carried out analogously to example 1, while taking 24.00 wt.% (17.05 g) of sawdust 4 ± 2 mm in size, previously subjected to steam treatment at a temperature of 250 ° C, after processing the sawdust is fed into the diffuser a diffuser-confuser device, and a component of expandable polyurethane (A) in the amount of 40.60 wt.% (30.00 g), which includes a polyester based on propylene oxide 24.54 wt.%, is fed into the sawdust transition zone into the confuser to sawdust. , (18.11 g), hydroxypropylethylenediamine 8.40 wt.% (6.19 g), dimethylethanolamine 0.48 wt.% (0.40 g), hydroxyalkylenemethylsiloxane block copolymer 0.38 wt.% (0.28 g), trichloroethyl phosphate 6.80 wt.% (5.02 g).

Then the resulting mixture is evacuated to a residual pressure of 15-20 kPa. After that, 35.40 wt.% (24 g) of polyisocyanate (B), a mixture of isomers of 2.4 and 2.6, of toluene diisocyanates (ratio 80:20), is introduced into the mixture. After mixing the components, the composite mass is sent to a mold heated to a temperature of 50-60 ° C and held for 15-20 minutes.

Example 12. The operations are carried out analogously to example 1, while taking 25.00 wt.% (18.00 g) of sawdust 4 ± 2 mm in size, previously subjected to steam treatment at a temperature of 250 ° C, after processing the sawdust is fed into the diffuser a diffuser-confuser device, and a component of expandable polyurethane (A) in the amount of 41.67 wt.% (30.00 g), which includes a polyether based on propylene oxide 25.20 wt.%, is fed into the sawdust transition zone into the confuser to sawdust. (18.11 g), hydroxypropylethylenediamine 8.65 wt.% (6.24 g), dimethylethanolamine 0.50 wt.% (0.40 g), ksialkilenmetilsiloksanovy block copolymer of 0.36 wt.% (0.25 g), trichloroethyl 6.96 wt.% (5.00 g).

Then the resulting mixture is evacuated to a residual pressure of 15-20 kPa. After that, 33.33 wt.% (24 g) of polyisocyanate (B), a mixture of isomers of 2.4 and 2.6, of toluene diisocyanates (ratio 80:20), is introduced into the mixture. After mixing the components, the composite mass is sent to a mold heated to a temperature of 50-60 ° C and held for 15-20 minutes.

The obtained porous heat-insulating material meets the requirements of GOST 16381-77 “Materials and products for building heat-insulating. Classification and general specifications ":

has a thermal conductivity of not more than 0.175 W / (m · K) and has a density of not more than 500 kg / m ³ .

Using the MG4 "250" device, thermal conductivity is measured in accordance with GOST 7076-99. The technique is based on the passage of a stationary air stream through the studied flat sample. To carry out the measurement, the sample is placed in the measuring cell between the refrigerator and the heater and pressed with the required force by a fixing screw. At the end of the measurement, the device automatically displays the thermal conductivity of the measured sample.

Determine water absorption according to GOST 17177-94. A specimen with a plan size of 100 × 100 mm and a thickness equal to the thickness of the product is cut out of the product, dried to constant weight and weighed. Then the sample is placed in the bath on a mesh stand and fix the position of the net weight. After that, water is poured into the bath at a temperature of (22 + 5) ° C so that the sample is immersed to no more than half the thickness. After 3 hours, water is added to the bath in such an amount that the water level is 20-40 mm higher than the load. 24 hours after the first portion of water was poured, the samples were transferred to a mesh support and weighed after 30 s. A mass of water flowing out of the sample during weighing is included in the mass of the water-saturated sample.

Water absorption W (%), calculated by the formula:

$$W=\frac{m_{\mathrm{one}}-m_2}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="m"\; filenames="00000003.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}_2}*\mathrm{one\; hundred}$$

where m ₁ is the mass of the sample after saturation with water, g; m ₂ - dry sample weight, g.

Density is determined according to GOST 17177-94 by the formula:

$$\rho =\frac{m}{V}$$

where m is the mass of the dry sample, kg, V is the volume of the sample, m ³ .

Table 1 Components of Thermal Insulation Material Examples Prototype one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 eleven 12 oxypropylene simple polyester,% - 26.89 26.56 26.21 25.89 25.55 25.22 26.85 26.55 25,99 25.25 24.54 25,20 hydroxypropylethylenediamine,% - 9.20 9.08 8.97 8.86 8.74 8.63 9.17 9.10 8.89 8.65 8.40 8.65 dimethylethanolamine,% - 0.53 0.53 0.52 0.51 0.50 0.49 0.55 0.52 0.55 0.49 0.48 0.50 oxyalkylene-ganosiloxane block copolymer,% - 0.39 0.38 0.38 0.37 0.37 0.36 0.40 0.40 0.38 0.40 0.38 0.36 trichloroethyl phosphate,% - 7.43 7.34 7.26 7.15 7.06 6.97 7.47 7.32 7.19 6.98 6.80 6.96 sawdust,% - twenty 21 22 23 24 25 twenty 21 22 23 24 25 polyethylene glycol 20-30 - - - - - - - - - - - - fine powder of natural gypsum or dolomite flour 50-65 polyisocyanate,% 15-20 35.56 35.11 34.66 34.22 33.78 33.33 35.56 35.11 35.0 35.23 35.40 33.33

table 2 Properties of thermal insulation material Examples Prototype one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 eleven 12 Thermal conductivity, W / (m · K) - 0.0213 0.0216 0.0221 0.0228 0,0230 0,0238 0.0215 0,0217 0,0222 0,0226 0,0231 0,0237 Density, kg / m ³ 175-480 37.42 38.50 40.66 45.89 54.98 64.25 37.39 38.56 41.02 46.21 55.07 64.31 Water absorption,% 7-32 7 9.5 12 fourteen 17 20.5 7 9.5 12 fourteen 17 20.5

Thus, the inventive method of obtaining a porous heat-insulating material in comparison with the prototype allows to obtain a heat-insulating material with reduced density 5 times, therefore, with reduced thermal conductivity. In addition, this method allows you to save expensive polyurethane foam by partially replacing it with wood waste.

Claims (1)

A method of obtaining a porous heat-insulating material, comprising mixing one of the components of an expandable polyurethane with a filler and then introducing another component, a polyisocyanate, into the mixture, characterized in that wood filings of 4 ± 2 mm in size are used as filler, which are subjected to steam treatment at a temperature equal to 250 ° C, after processing the sawdust is fed into the diffuser of the diffuser-confuser device, and the foam component is fed into the diffuser transition zone into the confuser to the sawdust polyurethane, including a simple propylene oxide-based polyester, hydroxypropylethylene diamine, dimethylethanolamine, hydroxyalkylene methyl siloxane block copolymer, trichloroethyl phosphate, then the resulting mixture is discharged into a reactor in which the mixture is stirred and evacuated to a residual pressure of 15-20 kPa, after which polyisocyanate is introduced at a ratio of all components of the mixture, wt.%:
propylene oxide-based polyester 24.54-26.89 hydroxypropylethylenediamine 8.40-9.20 dimethylethanolamine 0.48-0.55 oxyalkylenemethylsiloxane block copolymer 0.36-0.40 trichloroethyl phosphate 6.80-7.47 polyisocyanate 33.33-35.56 sawdust 20-25,
after mixing the components, the composite mass is sent to a mold heated to a temperature of 50-60 ° C and held for 15-20 minutes.

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