RU2800822C1 - Machine for feeding seedling to the planter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: machines for planting seedlings grown in rigid cassettes. The machine for feeding seedlings to the planter contains a seedling storage hopper, a feeder and a pitched board. A rigid cassette is used as a seedling storage hopper. The feeder consists of a working body for pushing seedlings out of a row of the cassette and moving the cassette to shift the row and a working body for simultaneously transferring seedlings to two planters. The working body for pushing seedlings out of the row of the cassette and moving the cassette for shifting the row contains a unit for pushing seedlings out of the cassette and a unit for moving the cassette, which are made on one common crank shaft.

EFFECT: increase in the speed of the planter and an increase in labor productivity when planting seedlings.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, to machines for planting seedlings grown in rigid cassettes.

The use of cassettes for growing seedlings makes it possible to fully automate the technological processes of growing seedlings and planting them in the field, eliminating manual labor in the operation of feeding seedlings into the grips of the planting machine.

An automatic transplanter is known (patent RU No. 2032302, op. 10.04.95), containing a racking device with shelves for cassettes, a cassette conveyor with a curved section, on the inside of which there is an ejector device in the form of punches, and on the outside - a grooved conveyor, at the same time, it is equipped with a mechanism for the inconsistency of cassettes and a mechanism for vertical movement of the shelves of the rack device.

Its disadvantage is that the widely used rigid cassettes cannot be used, since the machine uses flexible cassettes that bend along the radius relative to the axes of the cam shafts in the process of pushing the seedlings out of them.

Known machine for feeding seedlings to the planter (patent RU No. 2674906, he. 13.12.2018, bull. No. 35), containing a storage hopper for seedlings, a feeder, air ducts, a vacuum source and a damper - a vacuum fairing, in which the feeder made in the form of storage and feed drums with suction windows connected to the vacuum source by air ducts and installed relative to each other with a radially adjustable gap, and the storage drum has a smaller pitch of suction windows, a reduced vacuum level and a lower rotation speed compared to a feed drum having a fixed damper - a vacuum cut-off device, between which and the planter a sloping board is installed, the storage hopper is made in the form of a roll with seedlings rolled up in it with the possibility of unwinding and feeding seedlings to the storage drum with a stem parallel to the axis of the drum, the storage drum is equipped with a pallet with an adjustable gap relative to drum, and the suction windows of the accumulative and feeding drums are located along the generatrices of the drums along their axes along the entire length of the drums. The device is taken as a prototype. The disadvantage is the use of the machine for small batches in breeding work, where a roll with seedlings rolled up in it is used as a storage device. Seedlings are fed to one planter, which limits its operational capabilities when using cassettes with seedlings.

The purpose of the invention is to increase labor productivity when planting seedlings grown in rigid cassettes.

The technical result is to increase productivity by increasing the speed of the transplanter.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the machine for feeding seedlings to the planter, containing the seedling hopper, the feeder and the pitched board, a rigid cassette is used as the seedling hopper, the feeder consists of a working body for pushing the seedlings out of the row cassette and moving the cassette for shifting the row, and the working body for simultaneous transfer of seedlings to two planters, and the feeder, consisting of working bodies for pushing seedlings and moving the cassette, is made on one common crank shaft.

In the technology of growing seedlings in cassettes, the use of a storage hopper in the form of a rigid cassette allows you to automate the process of pushing a whole row of seedlings out of the cassette with its simultaneous feeding to two planters of the transplanter, which increases the speed of its movement and increases productivity.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of an automatic machine for feeding seedlings from a cassette to a planter. Fig. 2 is a diagram of the simultaneous feeding of seedlings from a whole row of cassettes onto conveyors to two planters. Fig. 3 diagram of the node for pushing seedlings out of the cassette (top view). Fig. 4 is a diagram of the assembly for moving the cassette down to shift the row. Fig. 5 is a kinematic diagram of the working body for pushing seedlings out of the row and moving the cassette to shift the row.

In FIG. 1 of the diagram shows an automatic machine for feeding seedlings grown in a cassette to a planter and a planter. The machine includes a cassette 1, a working body 2 for pushing seedlings out of a row of the cassette and moving the cassette to shift the row, a working body 3 for simultaneously transferring seedlings to two planters. Transplanter planter with gripping legs 4.

In FIG. 2 of the diagram shows a front view of the cassette 1 with seedlings, the working body for the simultaneous transfer of seedlings to two planting devices 3, consisting of two transversely located feed conveyors rotating in opposite directions relative to each other, the legs of two planting devices 4 that cover the seedlings.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows a node for pushing seedlings out of the cassette (top view), where 5 is a crank mechanism, 6 is a seedling ejector.

In FIG. 4 of the diagram shows a cassette movement unit for shifting a row, consisting of a frame 7, a ratchet mechanism 8, a crank mechanism 5, a gear train 9, a chain conveyor 10, a motor 11.

The technological process of automatic planting of seedlings is carried out as follows. The cassette with seedlings is inserted into the clamps of the chain conveyor 10 (Fig. 4) of the working body for pushing the seedlings out of the cassette and shifting the row. Seedling ejectors 6 (Fig. 3), driven by an electric motor 11 (Fig. 4) through a crank mechanism 5 (Fig. 3), simultaneously feed seedlings to transversely located feed conveyors 3 of the working body for transferring seedlings to planters 4 (Fig. 1, 2). The movement of two transverse conveyors is kinematically connected with the movement of the seedling pusher 6. From the conveyors, the seedlings are lowered along the sloping board into the foot of the chain seedling holder of the planter 4. The drive of the automatic machine mechanisms is synchronized with the planter of the transplanter. After feeding the seedlings from the cells of one row of the cassette 1, it is moved down by means of the ratchet mechanism 8 and the chain conveyor 10 (Fig. 4) by a distance equal to the step between the rows of cells in the cassette and the process is repeated.

The drive of the working bodies of the device for shifting a row and ejecting seedlings, according to the kinematic diagram of the device (Fig. 5), is carried out as follows. From the electric motor 11, on the shaft 12 of which the gear 13 with the number of teeth Z ₁ =25 is installed, the rotation is transmitted through the gear wheel 14, fixed at the end of the crank shaft to the crank 15, pivotally connected to the connecting rod 16, which reports the reciprocating motion to the pusher 17. Gear wheel 14 through the axis 18 eccentrically fixed on it and the connecting rod 19 transmits the rocking motion to the leash 20, freely rotating on the drive shaft 21 of the cassette conveyor. The rocking motion of the leash 20 is converted into a one-way intermittent movement of the conveyor drive shaft 21 using a ratchet 22 and pawl 23. Sprockets 24 convert the intermittent movement of the drive shaft 21 into an intermittent forward movement of the conveyor. The tension of the chains of the cassette conveyor is regulated by moving the tension stars 25 with the screw 26. The device for ejecting seedlings and the device for moving the cassette one step between rows are located on a common crank shaft 15, gear 14, which ensures synchronization of their movement. For one revolution of the shaft (one cycle), one row of seedlings is pushed out of the cassette onto the conveyor and the cassette is moved one step between the rows by means of a ratchet mechanism pos. 22, 23.

The condition for the operation of the machine for automatic planting of seedlings is the equality of the time of planting the n-th number of seedlings from one row of the cassette (in our case, 12 pcs. ) and the time of movement in the vertical plane of the cassette t _moved. by the distance between the rows of plants in the cassette.

Initial data for calculation:

Landing step - S _noc - 0.25 ... 0.3 m;

The distance between the rows of seedlings in the cassette S _cas =30 mm=0.03 m;

The distance between the cells in the row of the cassette S _pacc =30 mm=0.03 m;

The number of cells in one row in the cassette is N _cells. =12 pcs;

Conveyor drum diameter D _drum =50 mm;

The speed of movement of the machine V _mash \u003d 3.6 km / h \u003d 1 m / s.

Let's determine the productivity of the planting machine W _app (plants/h)

Since the machine feeds seedlings to two planters, we determine the length of the row of planting 6 plants from one row of the cassette

L _row \u003d (N _pac - 1) × S _pos \u003d (6-1) × 0.25 ... 0.3 m \u003d 1.25 ... 1.5 m

Determine the duration of planting seedlings from one row of the cassette

Let us determine the speed of movement of the cassette by the distance between the rows of seedlings in the cassette V _cas :

The condition for synchronizing the operation of the working body for pushing seedlings out of the cassette and shifting the row and working body for the simultaneous transfer of seedlings to two planters is the equality of the time of moving the cassette by the distance between the rows of seedlings and the time of moving the web with seedlings of a transversely located feeding conveyor:

The length of the transverse infeed conveyor is:

Let us determine the speed of movement of the web with seedlings of the transversely located feed conveyor:

The effectiveness of the proposed machine for automatic planting of seedlings is to increase the productivity of planting by increasing the speed by 4 times (from 0.9 km/h with semi-mechanized planting to 3.6 km/h with automatic planting).

Claims (1)

An automatic machine for feeding seedlings to a planting device, containing a seedling hopper, a feeder and a sloping board, characterized in that a rigid cassette is used as a seedling hopper, the feeder consists of a working body for pushing seedlings out of the row of the cassette and moving the cassette for for shifting a row and a working body for simultaneous transfer of seedlings to two planters, and the working body for pushing seedlings out of a row of a cassette and moving a cassette for shifting a row contains a unit for pushing seedlings out of a cassette and a unit for moving the cassette, which are made on one common crank shaft .

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