RU2800633C2 - Wind turbine with two counter-rotating rotors - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: wind power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: wind turbine with two counter-rotating rotors on the same axis comprises a housing (13), in the centres of the upper and lower planes of which thrust bearings (9) are installed, in which external (5) and internal (6) shafts are installed, connected to drive mechanisms. The movable blades (1, 2, 3, 4) are either aerodynamic or flat. The inner shaft (6) of the upper rotor is located inside the shaft (5) of the lower rotor, which is shorter than the inner shaft (6). The movable blades (1 and 4) of the lower rotor are fixed to hinges (10) mounted on the bracket (7) of the outer shaft (5). The movable blades (2 and 3) of the upper rotor are mounted on hinges (10) mounted on the bracket (8) attached to the open part of the inner shaft (6). The movement of the movable blades (1-4) is limited by the stops (11) and (12) located on the brackets (7, 8), so that the blades moving towards the flow are deflected in the direction of the wind flow to rotate the upper and lower rotors in opposite directions without collision of movable blades (1-4).

EFFECT: increased efficiency of using the air flow as well as a reduced size of the wind turbine.

4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The field of technology to which the invention belongs

The invention relates to the field of wind energy, to devices that convert wind energy into other forms of energy and can be used, for example, to drive(s) electric(their) generator(s).

In accordance with paragraph 30 of the Requirements for the documents of an application for a patent for an invention, approved by order of the Ministry of Economic Development N316 dated May 25, 2016 (as amended on March 31, 2021), the index of the International Patent Classification (IPC) heading to which the invention belongs is F03D 3/02 (Wind turbines with an axis of rotation of the rotor perpendicular to the direction of the wind - with several rotors)

State of the art

Known two-blade wind turbine (wind wheel) with a vertical axis of rotation (carousel type) with a Savonius rotor. Such a rotor has one blade moving in the direction of the air flow and one blade moving against the air flow. That is, the surface area of the “working” blade is equal to the surface area of the blade moving against the flow (1:1). The rotation of the rotor in this case is achieved due to the special shape of the blades with different drag coefficients for their front and back sides (convex-concave shape). The Savonius rotor motor is one of the simplest carousel-type wind turbines. However, its disadvantage is not a very high wind utilization factor. Largely due to the fact that almost half of its entire blown surface moves towards the wind, that is, it counteracts the air flow. And its “working” part is its other half, moving in the direction of the flow.

It seems useful to use two rotors at once in one wind turbine in order to use one “working half” from each rotor moving in the direction of the flow and thereby increase the wind efficiency. This can be achieved, for example, by using counter-rotating rotors mounted on the same axis.

In a rotary wind-electric energy converter (patent RU 2738790 C1 publ. 12/16/2020), two rotors are used, rotating in opposite directions and mounted on the same axis. But the very design of those rotors does not lead to an increase in the wind utilization factor, since both rotors of the converter are made according to the Savonius principle, and also the “half” of each of the rotors moves towards the air flow.

Disclosure of the essence of the invention

In the presented version, two two-bladed carousel wind-wheels-rotors on the same axis (rotating in opposite directions) are combined, and due to the bending (deviation) of the blades moving against the air flow, a decrease in the surface area of the blades moving against the flow is obtained. And by raising the blades (also movable) moving in the direction of flow, the area of the "working" surface of the blades is increased. Thus, the ratio of the areas of "working" and "counter" blades is more effective than 1:1. In addition, the design of the wind turbine remains operational when using not only blades with an aerodynamic shape, but also when using simply flat ones.

The aim of the invention is to increase the wind utilization factor of a carousel-type wind turbine by increasing the area of "working" surfaces and reducing the area of "non-working" ("counter") surfaces of the rotor blades during their rotation. This increase allows you to achieve the fact of deflection of the rotor blades moving towards the air flow, which allows you to use two rotors in one wind turbine, excluding collisions between the blades of the upper and lower rotors.

The result is achieved by combining the force of the wind and the force of gravity. The blades at rest are in the lowered position (Fig. 1, 2), and under the action of the oncoming air flow (wind) they are deflected (raise, Fig. 3-5).

The wind turbine does not depend on the direction of the wind and works equally effectively in any direction.

The wind turbine consists of two rotors (carousel-type wind wheels) mounted on the same vertical axis (shaft 6 inside shaft 5, fixed in bearings 9, Fig. 1) and with blades installed in this way (using special stops 11 and 12, Fig. 4 , 5) that the rotors can only rotate in opposite directions. Stops 11 and 12 set the direction of rotation of the rotors. On the left side of each of the brackets 7, 8 stops are set back oriented relative to the right side (Fig. 1, 3).

Blades 1-4 of the rotors are movable (deflectable), mounted in hinges 10 on brackets 7, 8 (Fig. 1, 3).

Special stops 11 and 12 limit the stroke of the blades 1, 4 and 2, 3, respectively, which also avoids collision of the blades (upper with lower) in the intermediate positions of the rotors. This allows the rotation of the rotors with different angular speeds due to their possible different loading (in case of connection to separate electric generators).

In addition, the wind turbine shafts can be equipped with mechanisms that act as braking devices, which does not interfere with the operation of the wind turbine.

Brief description of drawings, other graphic materials

In FIG. 1. shows a wind turbine with lowered rotor blades (at rest). Front view.

In FIG. 2. shows a wind turbine with lowered rotor blades (at rest). Right view.

In FIG. 3 shows a wind turbine with the maximum area of the working surfaces of the blades of both rotors (during rotation). Front view. The blades moving towards the viewer are indicated by a circle with a dot inside, and from the viewer - with a cross inside the circle.

In FIG. 4 shows a wind turbine with the maximum area of the working surfaces of the blades of both rotors during their rotation (right view).

In FIG. 5 shows the position of the blades in working condition and at rest. The position of the blades at rest (in the absence of wind) is shown by the dotted line.

Implementation of the invention

This wind turbine can be manufactured by modern enterprises of the machine-building industry.

For this, a fixed body 13 is made, which is subsequently installed (and fixed) in a windy place (hills of the natural landscape, high-rise buildings, etc.). Thrust bearings 9 are installed in the centers of the upper and lower planes of the housing (bases), in which shafts 5 and 6 are installed (Fig. 1, 3). Moreover, the outer shaft 5 is made shorter than the shaft 6 so that it does not completely cover the shaft 6. Shafts 5 and 6 are passed through the lower base of the housing 13 for articulation with drive mechanisms (for example, electric generators) that can be located under the housing 13, for example, in a special niche .

On the shaft 5 and the open part of the shaft 6, brackets 7 and 8 are installed, on which hinges 10 are installed. Blades 1-4 are fixed in them (Fig. 1).

Brackets 7 and 8 are additionally equipped with stops 11 and 12, respectively, to limit the possible travel of the blades (Fig. 2-5).

Blades with an aerodynamic shape can be made of sheet metal (galvanized iron, aluminum and its alloys) or plastic materials (fiberglass, etc.).

All mechanisms and devices of the wind turbine are presented in already mastered by the industry and common designs, which satisfies the criterion of patentability "industrial applicability".

The wind turbine works as follows. Under the action of the wind, the blade 1 of the lower rotor rises and, due to the pressure of the air flow, sets the rotor in motion (the blade 4 is lowered and has minimal resistance to rotation). The blade 2 of the upper rotor also rises (deflects) and reduces the resistance to rotation of the rotor (Fig. 4), which occurs due to the pressure of the air flow on the lowered blade 3. (Blade 3 rests against stop 12, shown by a dotted line in Fig. 3). After a half-turn of each of the rotors under the action of gravity, the blades 1 and 2 are lowered, occupy the positions of the blades 3 and 4, and the process is repeated anew.

Thus, based on the specified principle of operation, for the operation of the device and the achievement of the claimed technical result, it is necessary that the blades are made movable by mounting on hinges 10 mounted on brackets 7 and 8 mounted from below on the outer shaft 5, which is shorter than the inner shaft 6 , and on the upper open part of the inner shaft 6, and the movement of the blades was limited by stops 11 and 12 so that the blades moving towards the wind flow deviated in the direction of the flow, and the rotors could rotate only in opposite directions without collision of the blades, and the blades, winds moving along the flow would rise perpendicular to the flow.

Claims (4)

1. A wind turbine with two counter-rotating rotors on the same axis, containing a housing (13), in the centers of the upper and lower planes of which thrust bearings (9) are installed, in which the outer (5) and inner (6) shafts are installed, connected to the drive mechanisms , movable blades (1, 2, 3, 4) made with an aerodynamic shape or flat, the inner shaft (6) of the upper rotor is located inside the shaft (5) of the lower rotor, which is shorter than the inner shaft (6), and the movable blades (1 and 4) the lower rotor is fixed on the hinges (10) mounted on the bracket (7), the outer shaft (5), and the movable blades (2 and 3) of the upper rotor are fixed on the hinges (10) mounted on the bracket (8) fixed on the pa the open part of the inner shaft (6), and the movement of the movable blades (1-4) is limited by the stops (11) and (12) located on the brackets (7, 8), so that the blades moving towards the flow deviate in the direction wind flow to rotate the upper and lower rotors in opposite directions without collision of the movable blades (1-4). 2. The wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive mechanisms are an electric generator(s). 3. The wind turbine according to claim. 1, characterized in that the stops (11) and (12) are additionally equipped with spring mechanisms to mitigate shocks, throws and increase the smoothness of the blades. 4. The wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor shafts are additionally equipped with mechanisms that perform the functions of braking devices.

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