RU2800600C1 - Steep slope sorghum harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: steep slope sorghum harvester contains a self-propelled chassis (1), a hydraulic hitch (2), a hopper (3), a header (4), a plant conveyor (5), two or more modules, each of which includes a direct-flow remote threshing chamber (7), normalizer (8), intermediate conveyor and synchronizing gear (10), plant chopper (11) and crushed mass spreader (12). A platform is additionally installed on the self-propelled chassis (1) above its frame perpendicular to its longitudinal axis, on which a counterweight (14) is mounted with a set of interchangeable weights with the ability to move on rollers along the platform from one side of the combine to the other and back using a cable mechanism. The cable mechanism consists of an electric motor (16), which rotates a shaft with two drums fixed on it, two cables connecting, respectively, the left side of the counterweight (14) with the first drum and the right side of the counterweight (14) with the second drum, and each of which is skipped through the corresponding upper and lower rollers, fixed in pairs on the left and right racks of the brake device. On the left and right sides of the platform, microswitches are mounted, connected by an electrical circuit with a signal light. The electric motor (16) is controlled by a switch installed in the cab of the self-propelled chassis (1). Under the modules, on the lower horizontal front beam of the hydraulic hitch, there is a body (30) of a device for directing grain sorghum panicles into the threshing gaps of direct-flow external threshing chambers (7) with a container installed in it, in which a load is placed with the ability to move along the container filled with a viscous liquid. The load with longitudinal slots, ensuring the flow of a viscous liquid from one cavity of the container to another when it is moved, is connected through rods with guide bars (34) placed above the chain-slat conveyors of the normalizers (8).

EFFECT: increased transverse stability of the combine for harvesting grain sorghum and the quality of its work when threshing plants, the rows of which are located across the slope of the field.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, specifically to machines for harvesting sorghum on the vine.

A harvester for harvesting sorghum is known (patent RU No. 2726575. A combine for harvesting grain sorghum. Published on July 14, 2020, Bull. No. 20). A sorghum harvester, comprising a self-propelled chassis with a direct-flow external threshing chamber, a hydraulic hitch, a bunker, a harvester, a plant conveyor, a trailer and a normalizer, additionally equipped on the opposite side of the direct-flow external threshing chamber with a counterweight with a set of interchangeable loads that can move in horizontal plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the combine using a mechanism containing guides, a hydraulic cylinder, a movable frame and a stopper.

The main disadvantages of this combine:

- a counterweight with a set of interchangeable weights is installed on one side of the combine, which limits its use in sorghum harvesting, because when the combine moves across the field slope in one direction, the counterweight increases the lateral stability of the combine, and when moving in the opposite direction, it reduces it;

- the counterweight with a set of interchangeable weights is moved manually from one position to another;

- there is no device to ensure the lateral stability of the trailer when the combine moves across the slope of the field;

- when the combine is operating in fields located on slopes, there are significant losses of grain by under-threshing of sorghum panicles due to their incomplete entry into the threshing gaps of direct-flow external threshing chambers;

- the harvester is designed for harvesting broom sorghum.

Known sorghum harvester (patent RU No. 2635403. Sorghum harvester. Published 11/13/2017, Bull. No. 32), taken as a prototype. The sorghum harvester contains a self-propelled chassis, a hydraulic hitch, a bunker, a harvester, a plant conveyor, two or more modules, each of which includes a direct-flow external threshing chamber, a normalizer, an intermediate conveyor and a synchronizing gear, a plant chopper and a chopped mass spreader.

The main disadvantages of this combine are the low lateral stability of the combine and significant losses of grain by under-threshing when it works in fields located on slopes.

The essence of the invention is as follows.

The objective of the invention is to improve the safety of the use of the combine and reduce the loss of grain of grain sorghum when harvesting it in fields located on slopes.

EFFECT: increased transverse stability of a combine for harvesting grain sorghum and the quality of its work when threshing plants, the rows of which are located across the field slope.

The specified technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by a steep-sided harvester for harvesting grain sorghum, containing a self-propelled chassis, a hydraulic hitch, a hopper, a harvester, a plant conveyor, two or more modules, each of which includes a direct-flow remote threshing chamber, a normalizer, an intermediate conveyor and a synchronizing gear, a plant chopper and a crushed mass spreader, while a platform is additionally installed on the self-propelled chassis above its frame perpendicular to its longitudinal axis, on which a counterweight is mounted with a set of interchangeable loads, with the ability to move on rollers along the platform from one side of the combine to the other and back using a cable a mechanism consisting of an electric motor that drives the shaft, with two drums fixed on it, two cables connecting the left side of the counterweight with the first drum and the right side of the counterweight with the second drum, respectively, and each of which is passed through the corresponding upper and lower rollers, fixed in pairs on the left and right racks of the braking device, in addition, microswitches are mounted on the left and right sides of the platform, connected by an electrical circuit to a signal light, while the electric motor is controlled by a switch installed in the cab of the self-propelled chassis, and under the modules, on the lower horizontal front beam of the hydraulic hitch, the body of the device for directing the panicles of grain sorghum into the threshing gaps of direct-flow external threshing chambers with a container installed in it is fixed, in which the load is placed with the ability to move along the container, while the container is filled with a viscous liquid, and the load, on which longitudinal slots are made to ensure overflow viscous liquid from one cavity of the container to another during its movement, is connected through rods with guide bars placed above the chain-slat conveyors of the normalizers.

The essential features that affect the achievement of the claimed technical solution are:

- installation on a self-propelled chassis above its frame perpendicular to its longitudinal axis of the platform;

- installation on the counterweight platform with a set of interchangeable weights;

- the ability to move the counterweight with a set of interchangeable weights on rollers along the platform from one side of the harvester to the other and back using a cable mechanism;

- execution of a cable mechanism from an electric motor, on the shaft of which two drums are fixed, two cables, upper and lower rollers and a brake device;

- connection of the left side of the counterweight with the first drum and the right side of the counterweight with the second drum;

- installation of the upper and lower rollers in pairs on the left and right racks of the platform;

- mounting on the left and right sides of the microswitch platform;

- connection of microswitches by an electrical circuit with a signal light;

- the ability to control the electric motor with a switch installed in the cabin of the self-propelled chassis;

- installation under the modules, on the lower horizontal front beam of the hydraulic hinge of the body of the device for directing grain sorghum panicles into the threshing gaps of direct-flow external threshing chambers;

- installation in the body of the device for directing panicles of grain sorghum into the threshing gaps of direct-flow remote threshing chambers of the container with the placement of a movable load in it;

- filling the container with a movable load placed in it with a viscous liquid;

- execution of longitudinal slots on the cargo;

- connection of the load with the help of rods with guide bars;

- placement of guide bars over the chain-slat conveyors of the normalizers.

The inventive design of a steep-sided harvester for harvesting grain sorghum makes it possible to increase the lateral stability of the combine and reduce crop losses when harvesting grain sorghum in fields located on slopes.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig. 1 shows a diagram of the proposed steep-sided harvester for harvesting grain sorghum, side view; in fig. 2 shows a diagram of the proposed steep-sided harvester for harvesting grain sorghum, front view; in fig. 3 shows a diagram of the proposed steep-sided harvester for harvesting grain sorghum, top view; in fig. 4 - diagram of the cable mechanism; in fig. 5 is a diagram of the device for directing grain sorghum panicles into the threshing gaps of direct-flow external threshing chambers.

A steeply inclined sorghum harvester is a self-propelled chassis 1, a hydraulic hitch 2, a hopper 3, a harvester 4, a plant conveyor 5. Two or more modules 6 are placed on the frame of the self-propelled chassis 1 through a hydraulic hitch 2, each of which includes a direct-flow external threshing chamber 7 , the normalizer 8, the intermediate conveyor 9 and the synchronizing gear 10, which ensures the coordination of the linear speeds of the bars of the normalizer 8, the intermediate conveyor 9 and the combine.

A plant chopper 11 and a crushed mass spreader 12 are installed on the self-propelled chassis 1.

On the self-propelled chassis above its frame, perpendicular to its longitudinal axis, a platform 13 is additionally installed, on which a counterweight 14 is mounted with a set of interchangeable weights, with the ability to move on rollers 15 along the platform 13 from one side of the harvester to the other and back using a cable mechanism consisting of an electric motor 16 with a shaft 17, on which two drums 18 and 19 are fixed, two cables 20 and 21 connecting, respectively, the left side of the counterweight 14 with the first drum 18 and the right side of the counterweight 14 with the second drum 19, and each of which is passed through the corresponding upper 22 and the lower 23 rollers, fixed in pairs on the left 24 and right 25 racks, the brake device 35, which ensures the stationary state of the counterweight 14 with a set of interchangeable weights on the platform 13 in its extreme positions.

One of the drums 18 or 19 is made with a right-hand rope lay, and the second - with a left-hand rope lay.

On the left and right sides of the platform 14, microswitches 26 are mounted, connected by an electrical circuit 27 to a signal light 28.

The control of the electric motor 16 and the brake device 35 is carried out by the switch 29 installed in the cab of the self-propelled chassis 1.

DC motor 16, microswitches 26 and signal light 28 are included in the electrical network of the self-propelled chassis 1.

Under the modules 6, on the lower horizontal front beam of the hydraulic hitch 2, the body 30 of the device for directing panicles of grain sorghum into the threshing gaps of direct-flow remote threshing chambers 7 is fixed, in which a container 31 with a load 32 is installed. The load 32 has the ability to move along the container 31 into one and the other side from its average location in the container 31 at a distance l (Fig. 5), which is determined by the limit angle of the harvester and the height of the center of gravity of the load 32. The container 31 is filled with a viscous liquid, for example, engine oil, with the possibility of its overflow from one cavity of the container into the other along the longitudinal slots 36 when moving the load 32. The container 31 with the load 32 functions according to the level principle. The load 32 is connected through the rods 33 with the guide bars 34, which are placed above the chain-slat conveyors of the normalizers 8. For each direct-flow remote threshing chamber 7, two guide bars 34 are installed. and filling the container 31 with a viscous liquid eliminates the vibrations of the load 32 in the container 31 when the combine moves over uneven roads or fields.

Steep-slope harvester for harvesting grain sorghum works as follows. When the combine leaves the field for harvesting grain sorghum, the rows of plants of which are located across the slope of the field in accordance with the agrotechnical requirements for sowing crops on the slopes, the combine leans towards the slope. If the counterweight 14 with a set of interchangeable loads is on the side of the combine, located at a given time closer to the base of the slope of the field, then the operator of the steep-slope combine starts the electric motor 16 with the switch 29. The shaft 17 and the drums 18 and 19 fixed on it are driven. In this case, if during the rotation of the shaft 17 of the electric motor 16, for example, against the direction of rotation clockwise, the cable 21 is wound on the drum 19, and the cable 20 is twisted from the drum 18, then in this case the counterweight 14 with a set of interchangeable weights will move from the left side harvester (position I Fig. 2 and Fig. 3) to the right side (position II ). The movement of the counterweight 14 with a set of interchangeable weights is carried out until it stops at the microswitch 26, after which the electric circuit closes and the lamp 28 lights up.

Upon reaching the counterweight 14 with a set of interchangeable weights of position II, the braking device 35 is activated, which holds the counterweight 14 with a set of interchangeable weights in a fixed position on the platform 13.

When the combine moves along the rows of grain sorghum, the plants are captured by the normalizer 8 of each module 6, each of which directs the plants to the corresponding direct-flow external threshing chamber 7 perpendicular to the axes of its threshing rollers. However, when the combine moves across the slope of the field, part of the grain sorghum panicles does not fall into the threshing gap of the direct-flow external threshing chamber 7 due to the vertical deviation of the tops of the sorghum panicles from the axis of the threshing gap, due to the fact that the direct-flow external threshing chamber is tilted towards the slope of the field, and plants grow vertically. There are losses of grain by under-threshing, which increase with the increase in the slope of the field.

When the combine is tilted on the slope of the field, the lower horizontal front beam of the hydraulic hitch 2 also tilts together with the body 30 of the device for directing grain sorghum panicles into the threshing gaps of direct-flow remote threshing chambers 7. The load 32 moves in the tank 31 towards the field slope. In this case, the load 32 through the rods 33 moves the guide bars 34 also towards the slope of the field. The guide bar 34, which is upper with respect to the base of the field slope, out of two, placed above the chain-slat conveyor of each normalizer 8, affects the plant, which is already directed by the normalizer 8 perpendicular to the axes of the threshing rollers, changes the slope of its top towards the threshing gap. In this case, in the direct-flow external threshing chamber 7, the grain sorghum panicles are completely threshed. The threshed grain is fed into the hopper 3.

With the further movement of the harvester, the threshed plants, leaving the direct-flow external threshing chamber 7, are sent to the intermediate conveyor 9. The plants are captured by the slats of the intermediate conveyor 9, fed to the cutterbar of the harvester 4 and cut off. Due to the location of the cutterhead 4 parallel to the slope of the field, after cutting the plants, the stubble of grain sorghum has the same height, which satisfies the agrotechnical requirements for harvesting grain panicle crops. Then the plants are fed by the plant conveyor 5 to the plant grinder 11 and crushed. The crushed mass is spread by a spreader 12 across the field, where it is later, for example, plowing, embedded in the soil, and thereby disposed of.

When moving a steep-sided harvester for harvesting grain sorghum in the opposite direction, the process of controlling the position of the counterweight 14 with a set of interchangeable weights on the platform 14 and the operation of the device for directing grain sorghum panicles into the threshing gaps of direct-flow external threshing chambers 7 are similar to those described above.

Thus, the claimed steep-sided harvester for harvesting grain sorghum has increased lateral stability and better quality of work when threshing plants, the rows of which are located across the slope of the field.

Claims (1)

A steep-sided grain sorghum harvester, comprising a self-propelled chassis, a hydraulic hitch, a hopper, a header, a plant conveyor, two or more modules, each of which includes a direct-flow external threshing chamber, a normalizer, an intermediate conveyor and a synchronizing gear, a plant chopper and a chopped mass spreader, characterized in that a platform is additionally installed on the self-propelled chassis above its frame perpendicular to its longitudinal axis, on which a counterweight is mounted with a set of interchangeable weights with the ability to move on rollers along the platform from one side of the combine to the other and back using a cable mechanism consisting of an electric motor, driving a shaft with two drums fixed on it, two cables connecting, respectively, the left side of the counterweight with the first drum and the right side of the counterweight with the second drum, and each of which is passed through the corresponding upper and lower rollers, fixed in pairs on the left and right racks, brake device, in addition, microswitches are mounted on the left and right sides of the platform, connected by an electrical circuit to a signal light, while the electric motor is controlled by a switch installed in the cab of the self-propelled chassis, under the modules on the lower horizontal front beam of the hydraulic hitch, the housing of the grain panicle direction device is fixed sorghum into the threshing gaps of direct-flow external threshing chambers with a container installed in it, in which a load is placed with the ability to move along the container, while the container is filled with a viscous liquid, and the load, on which longitudinal slots are made, ensuring the flow of a viscous liquid from one cavity of the container to another during its movement, it is connected through rods with guide bars placed above the chain-slat conveyors of the normalizers.

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