RU2799214C1 - Natural illumination system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the lighting systems for the interior space of buildings. The natural lighting system comprises a transparent dome with a focusing Fresnel lens, a light guide in the form of a tube with reflective inner walls, a rotary mechanism for the upper part of the light-receiving dome, which ensures its circular movement along the azimuth trajectory of movement using guides, as well as an apron in the form of a heat-insulated box, a light scattering unit with a light-diffusing lens at the end of the light guide, and a thermal barrier. The natural lighting system is additionally equipped with an inclined hinge mechanism with a focusing Fresnel lens placed in it, which ensures the appropriate tilt (raising and lowering) of the Fresnel lens in accordance with the height of the Sun in the sky.

EFFECT: increased natural light in the premises.

9 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to systems for lighting the interior of buildings and structures with insufficient natural light, as well as those isolated from sunlight (underground parking lots, underground tunnels, underground passages and other underground urban spaces) using natural light, mainly solar.

A known system of natural lighting, containing a tubular light guide located between the roof and ceiling of the room. A transparent dome is installed on the roof, connected to the upper end of the light guide, and the lower end of the tubular light guide is closed by a light-diffusing plate installed on the ceiling of the room (US Patent No. 6035593 dated March 14, 2000). Also known is the design of a light well containing a mirror tube, made with the possibility of installing it on the roof, with a transparent hermetic dome fixed in its upper part, having a hemispherical arch in its upper part and an open equatorial cut in its lower part (RF patent No. 2727991 dated 28.07 .2020). A known design of a rotating roof hatch with reflectors (US Patent No. 5493824 dated February 27, 1996), in which the housing with a hole for receiving sunlight rests on an annular base and can be rotated relative to it, and special sensors ensure that the reflectors are optimally positioned with respect to the Sun . The design of a light-collecting roof for buildings is also known, including a light guide, a concrete roof, a light-receiving dome, a Fresnel lens with concentric circles facing upwards (PRC Patent No. 207073219 of 03/06/2018).

The closest in technical essence to the claimed technical solution and selected as a prototype is recognized as a natural lighting system containing a transparent dome, a light guide in the form of a pipe with reflective inner walls, an apron, a bottom cover and a thermal barrier located in the inner part of the light guide (RF patent No. 135674 dated 03/05/2013).

The disadvantages of the above technical solutions is the impossibility, due to the stationary location of the Fresnel lens, to transmit the maximum amount of natural light into hollow tubular light guides, depending on the vertical declination of the Sun in the sky, i.e. the inability in these natural lighting systems to track the angular height of the Sun above the horizon at different times of the day.

The aim of the invention is to develop a natural lighting system containing a light-receiving transparent dome, in the upper part of which there is an inclined (vertically) hinge mechanism with a focusing Fresnel lens placed in it, providing a corresponding tilt (raising and lowering) of the Fresnel lens in accordance with the height of the Sun's position on firmament. In this case, the concentric circles of the focusing Fresnel lens are oriented towards the hemisphere of the transparent dome.

The task is achieved by the fact that the natural lighting system contains a transparent dome with a focusing Fresnel lens, a light guide in the form of a tube with reflective inner walls, a rotary mechanism that provides the possibility of circular movement of the dome along the azimuth, tracking the Sun, movement trajectory using special guides, an apron in the form a heat-insulated box, a light scattering unit with a light-diffusing lens at the end of the light guide, and a thermal barrier. At the same time, the natural lighting system is additionally equipped with an inclined (vertically) hinged mechanism with a focusing Fresnel lens placed in it, which ensures the corresponding tilt (raising and lowering) of the Fresnel lens in accordance with the height of the Sun in the sky. In this case, the inclined (vertically) hinge mechanism is coordinated in time with the rotary mechanism of the transparent dome, i.e. according to the azimuthal angle of the sun, the focusing Fresnel lens is equipped with a solar sensor (photoresistor), and the surface of the dome on the side opposite the tilt mechanism is provided with a coating of a material with a high reflectivity with an area equal to the surface area of the Fresnel lens.

Detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the claimed invention.

Below is one of the examples, which does not limit all possible options for implementing the claimed technical solution.

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by drawings. In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through the complete natural lighting system, FIG. 2 is a cross section A-A of the upper part of the dome, in Fig. 3 node of the rotary (along the guides) and inclined (hinged) mechanism, in Fig. 4 is a general view of the tilt-and-turn mechanism, in FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the control of the operation of the natural lighting system (initial position before switching on), in FIG. 6 shows a section of the upper part of the dome at sunrise, in Fig. 7 shows a section of the upper part of the dome at the maximum height of the Sun above the horizon (at noon), in Fig. 8 shows a section of the upper part of the dome at sunset.

The natural lighting system consists of a transparent dome (1) connected to an apron (2) in the form of a heat-insulated box, a light guide (3) in the form of a hollow pipe with reflective inner walls, a thermal barrier (4) and a cover (5) in the form of a light-diffusing lens. The system is built into an insulated box (6), which is installed on the roof (7). The roof rests on rafters (8). In the lower part, the natural lighting system passes through the attic (9), the ceiling (10) and out into the illuminated room (11). The dome (1) is equipped with a Fresnel focusing lens (12), a rotary mechanism (13) along special guides (14) connected to the control unit (15). The control unit is equipped with an electric drive (16) of the rotary (azimuthal) mechanism and a memory unit (17) of the rotary (azimuthal) mechanism containing daily (annual) information about the trajectory of the "movement" of the Sun. The focusing Fresnel lens (12) is equipped with a solar sensor (18) and is placed in an inclined (hinged) mechanism (19) equipped with a clamping device (20), in which the Fresnel lens (12) is placed and fixed. At the same time, a part of the inner surface of the dome (1), with an area equal to the surface area of the Fresnel lens (12), from the side opposite to the inclined (hinge) mechanism (19) has a coating of a material (29) with a high reflection coefficient. The inclined hinge mechanism (19) is placed in the circular chute (31) of the rotary (azimuthal) mechanism (13) and is connected to the memory block (21) of the inclined mechanism containing daily (annual) information about the angles of the Sun above the horizon and the electric drive of the inclined mechanism (22 ). In this case, the memory unit (21) of the inclined hinge mechanism (19) is connected to the clock mechanism (23) by means of the relay for switching on (24) of the inclined mechanism. Similarly, the memory unit of the rotary (azimuth) mechanism (17) is connected to the clock mechanism (23) via the relay for switching on (25) the rotary mechanism. The memory unit (21) of the inclined hinge mechanism (19) and the electric drive (22) are equipped with a switch-off switch (26) of the tilt mechanism, and the memory unit (17) of the rotary (azimuth) mechanism (13) and the electric drive (16) of the rotary mechanism have a switch-off relay ( 27) swivel mechanism. In this case, the switch-off relay (26) of the inclined mechanism and the switch-off relay (27) of the rotary mechanism are connected to the reverse relay (28), which returns the system to its original position.

In FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of the operation of the natural lighting system and the initial position of the upper part of the dome (in plan) before turning it on. The operation of the natural lighting system begins with the beginning of sunrise at the signal of the clock mechanism (23). In this case, the relay (24) is turned on and the memory unit (21) of the inclined hinge mechanism (19) and the electric drive (22) of the inclined mechanism are automatically switched on, bringing the inclined hinge mechanism (19) into operation. This ensures the maximum angle of inclination (up to 70 angular degrees) of the Fresnel lens (12) vertically due to the lifting of the Fresnel lens by an electric drive (22). In this case, the solar sensor (18) is located in the upper part of the Fresnel lens (12) and controls the intensity of sunlight passing through the focusing lens (12) and concentrating in the dome with subsequent reflection from the dome surface due to partial coverage of the dome surface from the side opposite to the focusing lens Fresnel (12) material (29) with a high reflectivity. At the same time, according to the same (as for the inclined mechanism) signal of the clock mechanism (23), the relay (25) is turned on and the memory unit (17) of the rotary (azimuth) mechanism and the electric drive (16) of the rotary mechanism are automatically turned on, bringing the rotary mechanism into working condition (13). Further, as the azimuth angle of the trajectory of the "movement" of the Sun changes, which will be monitored by the azimuth electric drive (16) according to the signal of the memory block (17) of the azimuth rotary mechanism and the increase in the intensity of the sunlight flux, which will be recorded by the solar sensor (18), the focusing lens is gradually lowered Fresnel (12) due to the electric drive (22) of the inclined mechanism to a horizontal position, which will be observed at noon (at the maximum height of the Sun above the horizon) (see Fig. 7). Further, as the Sun moves to the West and the height of the Sun above the horizon changes, the intensity of the sunlight flux will decrease and be fixed at the same time by the solar sensor (18), which will lead to a gradual rise of the Fresnel focusing lens (12) due to the electric drive (22) of the inclined mechanism according to the signal of the memory block (21) of the inclined mechanism. In this case, the maximum possible angle (up to 70 angular degrees) of inclination of the lens (12) will be observed at sunset (see Fig. 8). After sunset, at the signal of the clockwork (23), the following are turned off: the tilt mechanism (19) due to the activation of the trip relay (26) of the tilt mechanism and the rotary (azimuth) mechanism (13) due to the trip of the trip relay (27) of the rotary (azimuth) mechanism , which disable, respectively, the azimuth electric drive (16) and the electric drive (22) of the inclined mechanism. After the system is turned off (after sunset over the horizon), the reverse relay (28) is turned on, which brings the system to the starting point (ie, the point of sunrise). After some time (after the dark time of the day) with the beginning of sunrise, the signal of the clockwork (23) turns on the relays (24) and (25) and the process of the natural lighting system is resumed according to the same cycle, taking into account the updated memory in the block (21) an inclined mechanism and a memory block (17) of a rotary information mechanism (time of sunrise and sunset, azimuth trajectory of movement and height of the Sun above the horizon for the next time day).

For weather protection, the rotary (azimuthal) mechanism (13) at the point of contact with the main box (6) of the light guide is equipped with an apron (30) at a distance from the main box along the entire perimeter of the light-receiving dome.

The presence in the rotary (azimuthal) mechanism (13) of a circular chute (31) ensures the maintainability of the inclined mechanism (19) with its possible (if necessary) replacement during operation.

The use of the proposed system of natural lighting will significantly increase the level of natural lighting in rooms with great depth and lack of natural light and will help create a more comfortable environment for people to stay, improve their psycho-emotional state by preserving the natural qualities of natural light as the most acceptable and safe for organs. human vision, thus ensuring its inextricable connection with the external environment.

Claims (9)

1. A natural lighting system containing a transparent dome moving along a circular motion path, the upper part of which is made in the form of a hemisphere, and the lower part rests on guides that provide circular movement of the dome, a light guide made in the form of a tube with reflective inner walls, a rotary mechanism for position tracking of the sun, a focusing Fresnel lens with concentric circles oriented towards the hemisphere of the dome, a thermal barrier located inside the light guide, an apron in the form of a heat-insulated box and a light scattering unit with a light-diffusing lens at the end of the light guide that opens into the illuminated room, characterized in that the focusing Fresnel lens is equipped with an inclined mechanism for raising and lowering the Fresnel lens in a vertical plane. 2. The natural lighting system according to claim. 1, characterized in that the inclined mechanism of the focusing Fresnel lens is provided with a hinge and a clamping device for installing the Fresnel lens. 3. The natural lighting system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the Fresnel focusing lens is equipped with a solar sensor - a photoresistor. 4. The natural lighting system according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that it is equipped with a control unit. 5. The natural lighting system according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that the control unit is equipped with an electric drive for turning the dome along the guides horizontally and an electric drive for tilting the Fresnel focusing lens vertically. 6. The natural lighting system according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, characterized in that the control unit is equipped with a memory unit for the rotary (azimuth) mechanism and a memory unit for the oblique mechanism of the Fresnel focusing lens. 7. The natural lighting system according to any one of paragraphs. 1-6, characterized in that the control unit is equipped with a clockwork and a reverse relay. 8. The natural lighting system according to any one of paragraphs. 1-7, characterized in that the part of the inner surface of the dome with an area equal to the surface area of the Fresnel lens, located on the opposite side from the inclined mechanism of the focusing Fresnel lens, is provided with a coating of a material with a high reflection coefficient. 9. The natural lighting system according to any one of paragraphs. 1-8, characterized in that the rotary (azimuthal) mechanism at the junction with the main light guide box is equipped with an apron at a distance from the main box around the entire perimeter of the light-receiving dome.

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