RU2798578C1 - Composite material and household product made of this material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: composite materials.

SUBSTANCE: present invention is a composite material containing a layer of expanded polyurethane foam, inside which fibers are placed forming a non-woven fabric. At the same time, the non-woven fabric is made with a thickness equal to the thickness of the foamed polyurethane foam layer, and a coating with abrasive particles is applied to the surface of the fibers. The gaps between the fibers in the non-woven fabric are filled with foamed polyurethane foam, the filling is carried out by foaming polyurethane in a closed matrix, the volume of which is less than the volume of foaming polyurethane in an open matrix.

EFFECT: described approach makes it possible to obtain household products with increased abrasive properties and extended service life.

4 cl, 4 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The present invention relates to sanitary products, in particular to an abrasive material, products from which are used as a household item for cleaning household surfaces. The present invention also relates to end products made from abrasive material.

The present invention also relates to a new material obtained by combining two already known materials: polyurethane foam and a non-woven fabric of synthetic fibers, and is intended for use as a cleaning agent (for example, in the form of a sponge), as a filler for furniture, as acoustic panels or durable insulation.

The present invention is considered on the example of the use of the claimed composite material and the product made from it as a household abrasive device.

The household products market has a range of abrasive products designed for cleaning and wiping surfaces. By abrasive article is meant an article made from an abrasive material of various surface densities, coated with a coloring composition, which is used to remove contaminants.

Commonly used household abrasive products are abrasive wipes and sponges with an abrasive or non-abrasive layer. Cleaning sponges consist of a foam layer and an abrasive or non-abrasive layer, depending on the purpose of the product. Abrasive wipes in the base are a fibrous layer consisting of one type of fiber, or a fibrous layer consisting of several types of fibers, evenly distributed in the structure of the product, colored with a coloring composition. The problem with such abrasive products is that they perform one function and have limited use, divided into areas of application: for Teflon surfaces, for bathrooms, for grills, and so on. To perform several cleaning functions or to treat different surfaces, it is necessary to use several different household products.

Also, usually, in order to combine two functional aspects in one product, a multi-stage production is necessary, namely: the production of the first non-woven fibrous layer, the separate production of the second non-woven layer, the subsequent bonding of both layers with an adhesive method, or the production of the second layer on the formed first layer, also followed by mechanical fastening. Or this production is based on the production of a non-woven fibrous layer placed inside the foam rubber or impregnated with foam rubber (foam rubber is elastic polyurethane foam).

In addition, standard abrasive products for heavy soiling have a reinforced, harsh abrasive composition that is tactilely uncomfortable to hold in the hand, which leads to the use of additional holders.

So, sponges for cleaning are known, consisting of two layers fastened together: an open-celled foam rubber and an abrasive cloth. Abrasive fabric is produced on a continuous line, which begins with the production of a needle-punched non-woven fabric, consisting of synthetic or natural organic fibers, or a mixture of both. After the punching is completed and the fibers are pre-bonded in the oven, a special composition is applied that gives the fibers increased abrasive properties (for example, by adding abrasive particles), after which the material enters the composition polymerization chamber.

The layers are connected to each other with glue. Also known is a method of connecting polyurethane foam with another porous material in the foaming process, while polyurethane retains adhesive properties. At the same time, polyurethane foam can penetrate into the porous material to a certain depth, which makes it possible to achieve bonding of two dissimilar layers without the use of glue.

Known material in the form of a fiber-reinforced foamed polymer, as well as a method for its continuous production.

Thus, a method for manufacturing a composite material consisting of a foamable material and fibers by impregnation with a liquid mixture to form a foamed material is known from the prior art (US 2140063, US3382302).

Also known in the prior art are methods for manufacturing a composite material consisting of a polyurethane foam matrix and organic (inorganic) fibers of natural or artificial (synthetic) origin, or mixtures thereof, by impregnation, including continuous , in particular pre-made non-woven fabric from organic fibers. It is known to impregnate with a liquid mixture to form polyurethane foam, followed by placing the resulting material in a special chamber until the end of the foaming process and the ripening of the polyurethane foam.

The prior art discloses compositions of liquid compositions (RU 2433912, US 4476076, US 9689112) and modes for producing polyurethane foam.

US 4,296,054 describes a process for the production of a polyurethane cushioning material, which includes making a staple fiber, fixing it or punching it with a needle if necessary, filling the staple fiber thus formed with polyurethane, foaming the polyurethane and then curing it. The resulting foam is then removed from the mold to produce a polyurethane cushion material.

US 9,689,112 describes a coating and a method for making polyurethane foam flooring with recycled carpet fibers, whereby polyurethane floor coverings are formed from a layer of web containing at least 30 wt.% fibers, a cooled polyurethane foam composition that includes at least one polyisocyanate, water and at least one polyol is applied to the web layer. The wetted layer of the web is then compressed to mechanically wet the fibers, sized and heated to cure the foam composition. Here, the fibers may be formed into a web layer using any convenient process such as various blowing and stacking or carding techniques. The fabric may be needle-sewn, heat-set, or otherwise treated to tangle the fibers. The fibers used to make the web layer can be of any type that can withstand the temperatures encountered during the curing step. The components of the polyurethane foam composition are cooled before mixing and applying the composition to the web layer.

DE 2 244 901 discloses a material and a method for producing a three-dimensionally reinforced high tensile strength foam by continuous incorporation of a fibrous fabric into a polymeric foam. Fibrous fabric is made from fibers with a length of at least 35 mm, loosely knitted by a needle method or under the action of steam, and makes up 5-30% of the weight of the finished product. In this case, various fibers can be used. The foam must be stable and viscous, yet fluid enough to penetrate the fibrous tissue. The foam may be polyurethane foam. The formed material, consisting of polymer foam and fibers, is then dried by passing it past radiators and passing through a drying oven.

GB 1426932 describes a continuous process for the manufacture of a fibre-reinforced foam molding. Fibre-reinforced foam articles are made by impregnating a plurality of continuous fibers with a foamable thermosetting fluid composition and advancing the fibers into a polygonal molding channel, each side of which is defined by an endless belt, in which the composition is foamed and solidified. The fibers may be interlaced strands of short fibers or monofilaments, may be natural, such as viscose or synthetics, such as polyamide, polyester or polyolefin, but preferably glass fibers. The composition may be polyurethane or polyester.

JPH 05269031 describes a shock-absorbing multilayer cushion and a method for producing the same. The bottom low density layer is a fiber reinforced polyurethane foam layer. The polyurethane foam layer is reinforced with fibers, non-woven material or the like. As the non-woven material used in this case, it is preferable to use a non-woven material made from twisted short fibers by needling, which is a fiber based on polyester or nylon.

EP 0985519 describes a process for the manufacture of thermoplastic sheets reinforced with natural fibers and their use in the manufacture of various parts. According to this method, natural fiber mats are passed through continuous impregnation nozzles that control the supply of thermoplastic melt (polypropylene) from extruders, each of which produces dual melt streams designed to coat the top and bottom sides of each mat. The mats then enter the gap between the rollers of the double belt press for pre-sizing. The cooling plates of the press compact the product. Natural fibers are bast fibers (such as raffia), hard fibers or mixtures thereof. Bast fibers - linen or hemp. Harder fibers are sisal. Natural fiber reinforced thermoplastic sheets made according to the method may have a thickness of 1 to 5 mm, with a natural fiber content of 20 to 50%.

US 4,476,076 discloses a method for open molding an article of foamed polyester resin reinforced with fiber bundles.

NL 6715196 describes a process for making an elongate product which involves impregnating a plurality of continuous glass fibers with a liquid composition to form a polyurethane and shaping the resulting product into a desired cross-sectional shape. A process is described that includes a parallel arrangement of a plurality of continuous glass fibers, the introduction of these fibers into a damping channel of triangular cross-section, in which the fibers are impregnated with a liquid composition that can be replaced with polyurethane, and then allow the fibers to contact a rubber scraper to remove excess liquid, wind fibers around the drum, then dry the fibers and unwind the fibers to put them into a mold having a straight channel in which the liquid solidifies and foams.

From US 2827666, B29B11/16, B29C44/12, B29C44/14, publ. 03/25/1958, a method is known for manufacturing a molded combined product from foamed material with fiber, which includes pre-forming a layer of fibers by accumulating a plurality of discrete fibers on a pallet having rods on it, spraying an adhesive on the collected mass, thus placed on the specified pallet , removing the nonwoven fabric from said pallet, inserting it into a mold, and feeding the foam into the mold, whereby the material penetrates the pulp and fills the mold cavity.

From this patent, a composite material is known, mainly molded in the form of a parallelepiped block, containing a layer of foamed polyurethane foam, inside which discrete fibers of synthetic and / or natural origin formed into a non-woven fabric are placed, which are crosslinked with a binder.

From the same patent, a household product is known, which is a block in the form of a household item made of foamed polyurethane foam with discrete fibers of synthetic and / or natural origin placed inside it along the thickness of the block, sewn together by a binder into a web.

This decision was taken as a prototype for the declared objects.

The disadvantage of the solution according to US 2827666 lies in the short service life of the obtained material when used as a surface cleaning device. This conclusion is due to the following.

Within the framework of this patent, the problem of increasing the durability of a cleaning device made of foamed polyurethane foam is solved by introducing into it discrete fibers collected in a web. This insertion of the web into the expanded polyurethane foam is referred to in the patent as enhancing the abrasive properties of the article. In reality, the product is obtained in a closed matrix, where a fragment of a non-woven fabric is first placed, and then rods are introduced for molding in a block of open recesses and the matrix is filled with a composition that reacts, foams and takes a parallelepiped shape (parallelepiped sponge with recesses in the body with one sides).

In reality, foam rubber (polyurethane foam) is a fragile and short-lived material of a porous structure, the elasticity of which made it possible to use it as a cheap sponge instead of synthetic rubber sponges. Foam rubber compresses well, captures water and detergent, has adhesion to most surfaces, but it quickly crumbles and quickly loses its main cleaning function. The introduction of reinforcement in the form of a web of non-woven material from various origins of fibers made it possible to bind foam rubber with these fibers and increase its service life due to the fact that these fibers, as it were, hold foam rubber particles together.

Despite the fact that the molding of a block of foamed polyurethane foam is carried out in a closed matrix, the volume of the polymer supplied to this matrix is selected from the condition that during free foaming the matrix volume will be completely filled with the formation of a porous structure in the foamed polymer and a parallelepipedal shape of the product will be provided. This indicates that open foaming is occurring in the matrix. That is, the volume of the polymer in the matrix after its free foaming is equal to the volume of the matrix. Only in this case, after polymerization, the polymer acquires a porous structure with cells and pores obtained under conditions of equal pressures outside and inside the matrix.

The non-woven type fabric, assembled from discrete fibers, is formed by spraying the fibers on top of each other. At the same time, these fibers are compacted in the web due to the passage of the air flow through the web and have a chaotic arrangement. After the binder is sprayed onto it, the fibers polymerize in the position in which they were formed during the formation of the web on the drum. When the polymer to be foamed is fed into the matrix with a web fragment laid in it, in the free foaming mode, the foam begins to move both into the web itself and from it into the atmospheric pressure zone. The penetration of the foaming polymer onto the web leads to the formation of polymer layers on it and in the surface layers of the web, on which resistance is formed for further movement of the foam into the structure of the web. This causes the foamed polymer to expand outward from the web. As a result, after polymerization, the foamed polymer block has a heterogeneous structure, in which the web is not completely impregnated with the polymer in depth. This explains the short service life of the product and the decrease in the ability to clean surfaces as the outer layers of the block wear out and the transition to inner layers in which adhesion is less than that of the outer layers.

The fibers of the canvas are involved in cleaning the surface along with the foam rubber itself, but insufficient adhesion between the foam rubber and the fibers of the canvas leads to the fact that these fibers, which have high mobility, begin to destroy the structure of the foam rubber. The same happens if a fiber web having poor mobility is used. In this case, the high elasticity of the foam rubber leads to the fact that the foam rubber particles come off the fibers of the slow-moving web. Therefore, the cleaning property of the reinforced foam block of this patent only becomes apparent when the product is just starting to be used or little used. With use, the composite material loses its strength and ability to clean surfaces. This is explained by the fact that after polymerization the block has a non-uniform structure of the material. The outer layers of the block, as more compacted, give the block the ability to clean the surface, and the inner layers, saturated with air cavities of different sizes (non-uniform porosity), crumble and tear off the fibers when the outer layers are abraded.

The present invention is aimed at achieving a technical result, which consists in increasing the abrasive properties of the composite material with increasing the service life of this material.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that in a composite material, mainly sheet form, containing a layer of foamed polyurethane foam, inside which discrete fibers of synthetic and/or natural origin formed into a non-woven fabric are placed, which are sewn together with a binder, a non-woven fabric with fibers of synthetic and/or of natural origin is made with a thickness equal to the thickness of the first layer, a coating based on a polymer or polymers with abrasive particles is applied to the surface of the fibers of synthetic and / or natural origin, and to fill the voids between the fibers in the non-woven fabric with foamed polyurethane foam, the layer of foamed polyurethane foam is formed by foaming polyurethane foam in a closed matrix , in which the specified canvas is placed and the volume of which is less than the volume of foaming polyurethane foam in an open matrix.

It is possible to apply a coating with abrasive particles over the entire depth of the nonwoven fabric or from the outside of the nonwoven fabric to a part of its depth.

The binder can be taken from the group containing formaldehyde resin, dispersions of acrylic, styrene-acrylic, styrene-butadiene, vinyl acetate polymers.

In the preferred embodiment of the composite material, the amount of abrasive particles in the coating can be up to 50%.

The specified technical result is also achieved by the fact that the household product made of a composite material is a block in the form of a household item made of foamed polyurethane foam with discrete fibers of synthetic and / or natural origin placed inside it, sewn together with a binder into a fabric and coated on the outside with a polymer composition containing abrasive particles, while the thickness of the web is equal to the thickness of the block.

In this case, the binder can be taken from the group containing formaldehyde resin, dispersions of acrylic, styrene-acrylic, styrene-butadiene, vinyl acetate polymers.

These features are essential and are interconnected with the formation of a stable set of essential features sufficient to obtain the desired technical result.

The present invention is illustrated by a specific example of execution, which, however, is not the only possible one, but clearly demonstrates the possibility of achieving the desired technical result.

The present invention is described in detail with reference to the drawings:

in fig. 1 general view of a fragment of a composite abrasive material;

in fig. 2 - the interposition of foam rubber and discrete fibers is enlarged;

fig. 3 is a general view of a web of crosslinked discrete fibers;

fig. 4 - diagram of the adhesion of discrete fibers to each other in the web.

According to the present invention, the construction of a composite material with pronounced abrasive properties is considered. The new material is obtained by combining two already known materials: polyurethane foam (foam rubber) and a non-woven fabric made of synthetic fibers and / or natural discrete fibers for use as a cleaning agent (in the form of a product in the form factor of a sponge or napkin) and possibly as a filler for furniture, for acoustic panels, and as wear-resistant insulation.

This composite material can be considered either as:

- non-woven material based on synthetic and / or natural fibers, containing uniformly distributed throughout the volume, elastic polyurethane foam

or how

- Elastic polyurethane foam containing pre-bonded synthetic and/or natural fibers throughout.

From the prior art, a material in the form of a fiber-reinforced foamed polymer, as well as a method for its continuous production, is known. The authors set the task of creating a material that differs from the already known ones in that the reinforcing fibers in it have pronounced abrasive properties due to the application of an abrasive-containing composition to them. This, in particular, can increase the wear resistance and cleaning properties of products (for example, sponges or “pads” for cleaning (translated as a polyester abrasive disc, made in the form of a plate or a parallelepiped block shape), designed to clean various surfaces.

A feature of the claimed composite material (usually produced in sheet form) is that it contains a layer 1 of foamed polyurethane foam, inside which are placed discrete fibers 3 of synthetic and / or natural origin formed into a non-woven fabric 2, which are sewn together by a binder. At the same time, the non-woven fabric with fibers of synthetic and/or natural origin is made with a thickness equal to the thickness of the first layer 1. A coating with abrasive particles is applied to the surface of the fibers of synthetic and/or natural origin.

And to fill the voids between the fibers in the non-woven fabric with foamed polyurethane foam, the layer of foamed polyurethane foam is formed by foaming polyurethane foam in a closed matrix, in which said fabric is placed and the volume of which is less than the foaming volume of polyurethane foam in an open matrix.

Under certain conditions, the main of which is to limit the volume in which foaming occurs, it is possible to completely impregnate the non-woven fabric with polyurethane foam. As a result, a quasi-homogeneous block is obtained, which is a composition of a polyurethane foam matrix, inside which reinforcing fibers are located, which are resistant to abrasion and have increased abrasive properties.

When foaming, polyurethane foam at the initial moment of the process selects free space in the cavity of the matrix. In this case, polyurethane foam partially penetrates into the zones between the crosslinked discrete fibers of the web. The foaming process continues until the chemical reactions between the components of the polyurethane mixture stop. In this regard, this process continues after filling the entire cavity of the matrix. Due to the limited volume of the cavity of the matrix inside it, the pressure created by the growth of the foam begins to grow. Since the pressure is balanced in a closed matrix, at this moment the foam begins to condense and penetrate into the web, filling all the voids and adhering to the abrasive coating of the fibers. In this case, the polyurethane foam mass is compacted, the size of the air cavities is reduced and its structure is leveled to a homogeneous state (equality of pressures on the walls of the matrix and in the foam itself). The result is a compaction of the polymer, adhesion to the coating of the fibers, impregnation of the entire web and alignment of the porosity of the block. As a result, the block acquires a quasi-homogeneous finely porous structure along the thickness of the block with high adhesion between the foam rubber and fibers.

The material obtained in this way has such properties that are important for products intended for cleaning, such as: the ability to retain a solution of a detergent inside and absorb water (due to elasticity and small pores); pronounced abrasive properties that accelerate the process of cleaning the surface (cleaning takes place not only due to the friction of the foam rubber on the surface, but also due to the action of abrasive fibers protruding to the surface of the block when the polyurethane foam is abraded); strength and wear resistance, which prolongs the time of use of one product (due to the complete and comprehensive envelopment of the fibers in the web with foam mass).

By cutting the sheet composite material into fragments, it is possible to obtain a household product in the form of a block in the form of a household item made of foamed polyurethane foam with discrete fibers of synthetic and / or natural origin placed inside it along the thickness of the block, sewn together by a binder into a web and coated on the outside with abrasive particles, while the thickness of the canvas is equal to the thickness of the block.

Any fibers are fixed with foam rubber better both impregnated and unimpregnated (in comparison with the web not filled with foam rubber), mainly due to mechanical adhesion. Impregnation of the canvas with foam rubber through and through is necessary in order to improve the mechanical properties of the composition.

Filling the space between the fibers of the non-woven fabric with foam rubber allows you to:

- increase rigidity, as the relative mutual displacements of the fibers decrease during material deformation;

- increase the number of cycles of deformation of the fabric before destruction, since the mutual shift of the fibers relative to each other is practically excluded, which in a conventional non-woven fabric leads to a gradual grinding of the fibers against each other. The fixation of the fibers relative to each other prevents their mutual wear, which increases the service life;

- increase the tensile strength due to the increase in the average effective cross-sectional area of the material compared to a conventional nonwoven fabric and a decrease in the shear of the fibers relative to each other;

- an abrasive non-woven fabric retains water and detergent solutions worse than a fabric impregnated with foam rubber, since the pores of elastic polyurethane foam are smaller, which means that large surface tension forces are realized in them.

It is necessary to impregnate the fibers to the full depth so that when the cleaning product is “worked out” (erased) from the proposed material, it would retain its cleaning properties. The impregnation provides the fibers with enhanced abrasive action, mainly due to the fact that the impregnation contains abrasive particles and the impregnation itself becomes hard during polymerization.

Abrasive properties have only the fibers of the non-woven fabric. These properties of the fiber are acquired due to the chaotic order of adhesion of the fibers to each other and a special impregnation that contains abrasive particles. Therefore, when elastic polyurethane foam and such fibers are combined in one material, both foam rubber is strengthened due to reinforcing fibers and the elasticity of the non-woven fabric is increased by strengthening the bond between individual fibers and increasing the energy required for their deformation together with foam rubber.

Solutions are already known from the prior art when the fibers are placed exactly inside the porous material and do not go outside. Solutions are also known when the fibers in the web located on top of the porous material are not filled with the porous material to their full height.

To ensure the necessary abrasive (cleaning) properties of the material, it is sufficient that the fibers protrude to a height comparable to the diameter of the fiber; when protruding to a large height, the fibers break rather quickly. At the same time, impregnation uniformity can be achieved only under conditions of foaming in a limited volume, therefore it is technologically easier to impregnate the material through or to a certain depth, and then “open” the material fibers treated with a composition to increase abrasive properties.

With regard to the chemical composition of the impregnating material (coating fibers), it can be extremely diverse.

Formaldehyde resins (urea-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde), dispersions of acrylic, styrene-acrylic, styrene-butadiene, vinyl acetate polymers, abrasive fillers (quartz, kaolin, talc, electrocorundum), dyes, related functional additives (wetting agents) can be used as an abrasive impregnating composition. , dispersants, defoamers, hardeners, thickeners, plasticizers, surfactants, formaldehyde binders).

The composition of the abrasive impregnating composition is selected taking into account the requirements for the final product, depending on the type of abrasive fillers.

Formaldehyde resins act as a binder, cure as a result of heat treatment and give a harder grip to abrasive materials. The amount of urea-formaldehyde resin in the formulation of the coloring composition is up to 30%, preferably up to 25%, most preferably up to 20%. The use of formaldehyde resins is most preferred due to availability and price. It is possible to use other resins widely used in abrasive materials as a binder.

Polymer dispersions can also act as a binder, crosslinking as a result of heat treatment. The use of polymer dispersions makes it possible to additionally control the functional properties of abrasive materials: flexibility, elasticity, rigidity, chemical resistance, and wear resistance. The amount of polymer dispersions in the formulation of the coloring composition is up to 40%, preferably up to 30%, most preferably up to 20%.

Abrasive fillers are selected depending on the required cleaning properties of products: abrasive fillers with a Mohs hardness of less than 6 (for example, kaolin, talc) are used to obtain non-abrasive materials for delicate cleaning, abrasive fillers with a Mohs hardness of more than 7 (for example, quartz, electrocorundum) is used for materials with increased cleaning ability. It is possible to use other abrasives widely used in such industries. It is possible to introduce abrasive fillers both into the composition of the coloring composition, and surface application by scattering on the uncured composition before heat treatment. The amount of abrasive fillers in the formulation of the coloring composition is up to 50%.

Functional additives (wetting agents, dispersants, defoamers, hardeners, thickeners, plasticizers, surfactants, formaldehyde binders) are selected depending on the type and amount of binders, abrasive fillers used, the type of fibers being processed and the desired properties of the finished product.

The described composite material can be obtained in two ways:

- A prefabricated non-woven fabric, coated on one or both sides with a binder composition, or impregnated through with this composition, which provides the fibers with increased wear resistance and abrasive properties, is cut into separate sheets. Pre-mixed components are poured into a closed matrix to obtain a given volume of polyurethane foam. A sheet of non-woven fabric is placed in the same matrix. The matrix is closed until the end of the process of polymerization of the components of the foam rubber. At the same time, the volume of the container ensures complete impregnation of the web with polyurethane during the foaming process.

- Two chambers are attached to the line for the continuous production of abrasive cloth. In the first, a predetermined amount of mixed components is applied over the canvas to obtain foam rubber; in the second, limited along the perimeter, foaming takes place under conditions of limited expansion, due to which the non-woven fabric is completely impregnated with foam rubber.

The fibers fill the composite material throughout its thickness. Therefore, they are also present near the surface. The foam mass without fibers, and in the presence of fibers not between all the fibers, but only in the surface layer, has low rigidity and strength, and is relatively easy to crumble, therefore, at the beginning of work, as a result of wear, polyurethane foam will “come down” from the surface of the material, releasing hard wear-resistant fibers , which provide the material with increased abrasive properties, as well as wear resistance higher than that of unreinforced foam rubber. It should be noted that the fibers will be cleaned to a relatively small thickness, less than the thickness of the abrasive impregnation (unless, of course, abrasive properties were provided to the fibers throughout the entire thickness of the material), therefore, as the fibers wear out, the polyurethane will be further cleaned until the section with "abrasive" fibers.

There are two stages of processing non-woven fabric:

1. First, the non-woven fabric is impregnated from one / two sides or to the entire depth with a composition (binder, and then abrasive particles are applied, or a binder with an abrasive filler), which provides the fibers with increased abrasive properties;

2. Then the material, already containing "abrasive" fibers, is impregnated with a mixture of components for the production of polyurethane foam, as a result of which the polyurethane foam fills the entire web.

It is important that in this case, open internal pores remain in the material, which, due to the capillary effect, allow water or detergent solutions to be retained.

In addition, the presence of polyurethane foam between the fibers reduces the amount of movement of the fibers, increasing the rigidity of the composite material, and virtually eliminating the friction of the abrasive fibers against each other. As a result, the degree of deformation and mutual movement of the fibers is reduced, in comparison with a material not impregnated with a foaming agent. In a non-woven abrasive cloth not impregnated with foam rubber, movements and mutual grinding of the fibers throughout the entire volume are possible, which reduces the time of using such a cloth. Thus, by eliminating the internal wear of the fibers, it is possible to increase the service life of the product intended for cleaning.

The wear resistance of the material is increased due to:

a) wear resistance of fibers, compared with unreinforced foam rubber,

b) fixing the fibers with foam rubber, compared with a non-woven fabric treated with a composition to increase the abrasive properties.

As a result of partial chipping of the foam rubber from the surface layer of the composite material, only fibers with abrasive properties will remain on its surface, which will give the product made of such material the qualities necessary for products intended for cleaning and cleaning surfaces.

Since the basis of the material is polyurethane foam (foam rubber), which has open internal pores, the composite material also retains internal open pores, which allows it to retain water or detergent solutions due to the capillary effect.

The chipping of the base on the surface leaves "abrasive" wear-resistant fibers at the point of contact; the presence of pores in the base allows you to retain water; the fixation of the fibers relative to each other prevents their mutual wear, which increases the service life).

Claims (4)

1. Composite material, mainly sheet form, containing a layer of foamed polyurethane foam, inside which discrete fibers of synthetic and/or natural origin formed into a non-woven fabric are placed, which are sewn together with a binder, characterized in that the non-woven fabric with fibers of synthetic and/or natural origin made with a thickness equal to the thickness of the layer of foamed polyurethane foam, while the surface of the fibers of synthetic and / or natural origin is coated with abrasive particles, and the voids between the fibers in the non-woven fabric are filled with foamed polyurethane foam by foaming polyurethane foam in a closed matrix in which the specified fabric and volume are placed which is less than the foaming volume of polyurethane foam in an open matrix. 2. Composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the coating with abrasive particles is applied over the entire depth of the nonwoven fabric. 3. Composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the coating with abrasive particles is applied from the outside of the nonwoven fabric to a part of its depth. 4. A household product made of a composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that it is a block in the form of a household item made of foamed polyurethane foam with discrete fibers of synthetic and / or natural origin placed inside it along the thickness of the block, sewn together by a binder into a web and coated on the outside with abrasive particles.

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