RU2798047C1 - Oval-rhombic mechanism, device for converting reciprocal motion into rotary motion and rotary motion into reciprocating motion - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in piston machines, internal and external combustion engines, compressors and pumps. Oval-rhombic mechanism is a device for converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion and rotary motion into reciprocating motion. The mechanism has four reciprocating elements (1) connected in series with each other by pairs of movable, rigid rods (4) in a diamond-shaped structure, at the tops of which there are contact rollers of reciprocating elements (1). The rhombus-shaped design forms a limited area, inside which a shaft (2) with a pair of synchronizing bevel or spur gears and flywheels (3) between them is located on bearings fixed in the device housing. The flywheels (3) have a symmetrical profile surface in the shape close to an oval, which ensures constant contact of the working, profile surface of the flywheels (3) simultaneously with all the diamond-shaped rollers at all angles of rotation of the shaft (2). The outer flywheels (3) mounted on the shaft (2) on rolling or plain bearings have gears on their outer side surface similar to the gears of the shaft, synchronously rotate in the opposite direction to the rotation of the shaft and the middle flywheels rigidly fixed on it. The outer flywheels (3) through the body of the device are connected to the shaft (2) by reverse rotation by means of bevel or cylindrical gears, providing, through a group of rollers of reciprocating elements (1), according to the "scissors" principle, rotation of the shaft (2) strictly perpendicular to the axis these reciprocating elements (1).

EFFECT: providing a delay in the movement of reciprocating elements for the time the shaft rotates through a given angle and reduction of friction losses.

2 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The device is intended for use in reciprocating machines, internal and external combustion engines, compressors, pumps, etc.

From the prior art there are many devices for converting reciprocating motion into rotational and vice versa. The main difference of the claimed device is the possibility of forming a delay in the movement of the piston at the top and bottom dead center (hang) with continuous rotation of the shaft. The device provides, in particular for internal combustion engines, the possibility of more efficient use of fuel combustion energy by increasing the time of the fuel combustion phase at a constant volume of compressed fuel-air mixture. Also, an additional advantage is the absence of tangential forces of interaction between the walls of the cylinder and the piston, since the design of the device allows the piston rod to move in a perpendicular direction relative to the axis of rotation of the shaft without changing the angle of inclination.

The mechanism is based on the interaction of the symmetrical profile surface of the flywheel, which has a shape close to an oval, placed on the shaft, with four groups of rollers consisting of four reciprocating elements connected in series with each other by rigid links - rods, on both sides of the side surfaces of the rollers, into a dynamic design in the shape of a diamond with these rollers at the tops. The main elements of the mechanism are four reciprocating elements connected to each other by rods in a dynamic rhombic design and a rotational element with a profile surface close to an oval, which also performs the function of a flywheel. Thanks to the rigid rods, the reciprocating elements mutually limit each other's movements, ensuring the non-separated rolling of the rollers along the calculated profile surface of the flywheel. The use of several equal profile flywheels with opposite rotation, realizing the interaction with the rollers of reciprocating elements according to the "scissors" principle, and then synchronized into unidirectional rotation with the shaft by bevel gears, and in large mechanisms with the help of cylindrical gears, makes it possible to ensure the movement of the piston rod in direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the shaft without shifting the axis of movement of the piston rod, and therefore without strong friction of the piston against the cylinder walls.

By placing sections of constant radius and proportional length corresponding to a given angle of rotation of the shaft on the profile surface at the top and bottom dead points, the movement of the reciprocating elements is delayed for the time the shaft rotates through this given angle.

The invention is illustrated by drawings that do not cover and, moreover, do not limit the entire scope of claims of this technical solution, but are only illustrative materials of a particular case of the mechanism. Small gear housing and bearings are not shown.

Rice. 1: - The main elements of converting reciprocating motion to rotational and rotational to reciprocating

Rice. 2: - Section of the reciprocating element

Rice. 3: - Flywheel with sections of constant radius

Rice. 4: - View from the end of the mechanism

Rice. 5: - Side view

Rice. 6:- Isometric view of the mechanism of a four-cylinder engine

The main elements of converting reciprocating motion into rotational and vice versa rotational motion into reciprocating are shown in Fig. 1. Each reciprocating element 1 is connected through bushings to adjacent reciprocating elements by rigid rods 4, forming a movable rhombic structure. The rotary element is a shaft 2 with a symmetrical profile flywheel 3 in a shape close to an oval.

The principle of operation of the mechanism (provided that the reciprocating elements are limited by the direction of movement in the direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the shaft): - a pair of opposite reciprocating elements 1, under the action of a force, for example, the pressure of expanding gases, starting to move towards the axis of rotation of the shaft, through the rods 4 push adjacent reciprocating elements 1 from the axis of rotation of the shaft, while acting with contact rollers on the profile surface of the flywheel 3, which at all points of the profile, except for the top and bottom dead points, has a contact angle different from 90 °, sets the latter in motion (rotation ). When reaching the lower points of the profile surface of the flywheel, the direction of movement of these elements changes. In the performance of the four-cylinder engine mechanism, force is applied to another pair of reciprocating elements and the process is repeated, resulting in the transformation of reciprocating motion into rotational. In the performance of the mechanism of a two-cylinder engine, having reached the lower points of the profile surface of the flywheel 3, these opposite reciprocating elements also change the direction of their movement to the opposite, since the flywheel 3, moving by inertia, with its profile begins to push the contact rollers in the direction from the axis of rotation of the shaft 2, another pair of opposite reciprocating elements 1, since it is connected by rods 4 with the first pair, also reverses its movement. Having reached the upper points of the profile surface, the reciprocating elements, since they are connected by rods with neighboring elements and are limited by them in movement, change the direction of their movement to the opposite and continue to move under the influence of the forces of expanding gases. The cycle is repeated. Each of the reciprocating elements 1 consists of a pin 5 (Fig. 2),

with contact rollers 6 fixed on it, piston rod 8 (or without it, depending on the number of pistons in the engine) and two pairs of bushings 7 for installing rods 4 located on both sides of the group of rollers 6.

Since the reciprocating elements create a limited area in which the profile flywheel of the rotational element moves with the continuous movement of the rollers along its profile surface, the shape of the profile of this oval can form an inconstant movement of the reciprocating elements with a movement delay at the upper and lower points. So, by placing on the profile surface of the flywheel at the upper and lower points of the profile symmetrical, relative to the axis of rotation, sections with a constant radius at these points, but proportional to the lengths equal to the given angle of rotation of the shaft (Fig. 3), the movement of the reciprocating elements is delayed by the time of rotation of the shaft at a given angle, with continuous rotation of the flywheel shaft.

The mechanism itself is shown in Fig. 4, 5, 6. To form the movement of the reciprocating elements directed perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the shaft, at least four flywheels of multidirectional rotation are used, interacting with the contact rollers of the reciprocating elements according to the principle of scissors (Fig. 4), the outermost of which, having bevel or spur gears along the axis of rotation are mounted on rolling or plain bearings on the shaft and, with the help of bevel or spur gears, are connected through the body of the device with the shaft in opposite rotation simultaneously synchronizing with each other, and the middle flywheels are rigidly, motionless mounted on the shaft. The flywheels on the shaft are located within a limited area of a rhombic design, where each flywheel contacts the corresponding roller of the reciprocating element, and the shaft itself is mounted on bearings in the device housing (Fig. 5-6, small gear supports and housing with bearings are not shown).

The main advantage of the claimed mechanism is the possibility of forming a delay in the movement of the piston at the top and bottom dead center up to 45° of the shaft rotation angle, which makes it possible to build engines with a more efficient thermodynamic cycle. The absence of lateral action of the piston on the cylinder walls significantly reduces friction losses.

Claims (2)

1. An oval-rhombic mechanism, which is a device for converting reciprocating motion into rotational motion and rotational motion into reciprocating motion, characterized in that it has four reciprocating elements connected in series to each other by pairs of movable, rigid rods into a rhombus-shaped structure, at the vertices of which there are contact rollers of reciprocating elements, forming a limited area, inside which, on bearings fixed in the device housing, there is a shaft with a pair of synchronizing bevel or cylindrical gears and flywheels between them, having a symmetrical profile surface in a shape close to an oval, providing constant contact of the working, profile surface of the flywheels simultaneously with all the rollers of a rhombus design at all angles of rotation of the shaft, while the outer flywheels mounted on the shaft on rolling or plain bearings, having gears similar to gears on their outer side surface shaft, rotate synchronously in the opposite direction to the rotation of the shaft and the middle flywheels rigidly fixed on it, since through the body of the device they are connected to the shaft with reverse rotation by means of bevel or cylindrical gears, providing, through a group of rollers of reciprocating elements, according to the principle of "scissors" movement of these reciprocating elements strictly perpendicular to the shaft rotation axis. 2. Oval-rhombic mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the profile surface of the flywheel, at the upper and lower points of the working surface of the profile, contains sections of a constant radius and with proportional lengths corresponding to a given angle of rotation of the shaft, passing through which the rollers do not move back - translational elements, thereby creating a delay in the movement of reciprocating elements with constant movement or rotation of the shaft.

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