RU2797U1 - SHIP FOR ECOLOGICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A vessel for environmental monitoring of the aquatic environment, equipped with an underwater tug with measuring sensors for water parameters placed on it, means for taking water and soil, a remote-controlled underwater apparatus, an apparatus for ultrasonic sensing and equipment for processing information and analyzing water, characterized in that it additionally contains a device for monitoring the water surface for contamination with oil products, the optical unit of which is mounted on a remote console in the bow of the vessel, as well as the control of the parameters of the surface water layer, the immersion unit of which is equipped with measuring sensors and a water intake device and is mounted on a carriage, which is mounted for movement along a guide consisting of a fixed section mounted on the ship’s stem and a rotary section that is docked with the stationary one in the working position section, continuing up the line of the ship’s stem, and has means for turning in a vertical plane to the stop placed on the deck. 2. The vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixed section of the guide in cross section has a swept shape. The vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the outboard water intake devices are connected to the hydraulic highway, which has separate taps to the hydrochemical analysis equipment for each examined horizon.

Description

SHIP for ECOLOGICAL CONTROL of the aquatic environment

The utility model relates to shipbuilding and can be used to create ships for environmental monitoring of the state of the aquatic environment.

The analysis of patent and scientific and technical literature showed that the general trend in solving the problem of monitoring natural and waste waters is to ensure the completeness, continuity and efficiency of control, the possibility of automating the analysis process, and also achieving high accuracy of measurements.

In most known technical solutions, the control is based on measurements of various parameters of water, in particular, pH, electrical conductivity, radioactivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, chlorides, cyanides, heavy metals, etc. by means of sensors placed in the water, recording the presence of certain impurities in the water, processing the sensor readings in order to determine their quantitative content, comparing the measurement results with an acceptable level and documenting. The need to ensure the completeness, continuity and speed of control has led to the creation of vessels for the ecological control of the aquatic environment, which, thanks to their high mobility and maneuverability, make it possible to constantly control significant sections of river, lake and sea water areas.

It is known to use vessels for monitoring the parameters of the water environment by the English company PLESSEY (Burr R. Ap instrumented underwater towed vehicle. Oceanology internationale 69. Conference technical sessions, day 1. - Brighton. - 1969 (England), which provide towing on the cable-gondola of the meter In the process of movement, the gondola periodically drops to a depth of 100 m and rises to 8 m. It contains a means for sampling and sensors of hydrophysical parameters.

2 3 101883 /

MPK V63V 35/00

The disadvantage of this vessel is that it cannot provide control of pollution of the water surface, bottom sediments and soil composition of the sea (river) bottom.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed utility model is a vessel, the details of which are given in (Analisis of Exploration of Mining Technology for Manganese Nodyles / Seabed Minerals Series. Volume 2.- United Nations Ocean Economics and Technology Branch.- Publiched in cooperation with United Nations by Graham & Trotman Ltd. - 1984. Page 20, Fig. 3). This vessel is used to search for minerals in the seas and oceans and is equipped with equipment that can be used for environmental monitoring of the aquatic environment.

The equipment on board the vessel includes: a towed unit with sensors of the parameters of the bottom layer of the aquatic environment and a water intake device connected via a towing cable line with a lifting and lowering device and processing devices, a controlled underwater device designed for inspection, an ultrasound system sounding a water column with a hydroacoustic antenna located on the bottom of the vessel, a device for continuous water intake from the bottom layer while the vessel is stationary, a bottom sampling system of soil.

The prototype vessel, solving the problem of monitoring the parameters of the aquatic environment and bottom sediments, however, does not provide complete control, because does not contain means for examining the surface layers of water and means for identifying the composition of toxicants.

The objective of the utility model is the development of a vessel for environmental monitoring of the aquatic environment, which provides for the rapid detection of pollution zones, high reliability and completeness of control, and determination of the quality of pollution in all standardized groups of toxicants by continuous examination of both deep and surface water layers.

To solve this problem, the vessel for ecological monitoring of the aquatic environment is equipped with an underwater tug with sensors for hydrophysical parameters of water placed on it, means for taking water and soil, a remote-controlled underwater apparatus for conducting inspection work when the ship is stationary, an ultrasonic probe with an antenna unit mounted on the bottom vessel, as well as equipment for information processing and water analysis. In addition, the vessel is equipped with a water pollution control device for oil products, the optical unit of which is mounted on a remote console in the bow of the vessel, as well as a surface layer control device, the immersion unit of which with measuring sensors and a water intake device is mounted on a carriage, which is mounted with the possibility of moving along a guide consisting of a fixed section mounted on the stem of the vessel, and a rotary section, which in working position is docked with the bottom section, continuing up the line of the stem, and installed with the possibility of a turn in a vertical plane to the stop, placed on the deck of the vessel. The fixed section of the guide has a swept end in cross section, forming the contour of the bow of the ship. At the same time, all outboard water intake devices are connected to the hydraulic line 6 in which separate taps to the hydrochemical analysis equipment are provided for each examined horizon.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings, on which:

figure 1 - ship for environmental monitoring of the aquatic environment, a General view;

figure 2 - layout of equipment on the deck of the vessel, top view;

6. -3.

fig.Z - layout of the hoisting device underwater tug;

figure 4 - layout of the launching telemetry underwater vehicle;

figure 5 - layout of the device for monitoring the parameters of the surface water layer;

figb - section aa and bb in figure 5;

7 is a diagram of the layout of the hydraulic highway.

According to the utility model, a double-decker vessel 1 with an excess freeboard, an extended superstructure, an inclined bow and transom stern was selected as the carrier of research equipment for environmental monitoring. The vessel 1 contains an underwater tug 2, a remote-controlled underwater vehicle (TPA) 3, a device 4 for taking water from the bottom layer while the vessel is stationary, a device 5 for controlling the parameters of the near-surface layer, a hydraulic line b with branches to the hydrochemical analysis equipment 7, located in the logging room and associated with the equipment 8 information processing. On the bottom of the vessel 1 there is an antenna unit of the device 9 for ultrasonic sensing of the water column connected with the equipment 10 for recording and presenting data (RPD) installed in the logging room. The device 11 for monitoring water contamination with oil products is optically connected to a transceiver lens (optical head) 12 mounted on a remote console 13 at the fore end of the vessel 1. In addition, the vessel’s equipment includes a sampler 14 for sampling surface samples of bottom soil and a ground pipe 15 for sampling core samples of bottom sediments.

To control the operation of outboard devices, the vessel is equipped with launching and lifting technological equipment. Electrical connections between the equipment 7, 8, 9, 10 are provided by means of cables wound into junction boxes located in

ship hulls and on the decks of the vessel at the points of connection to the appropriate equipment.

The underwater tug 2 (Figs. 1, 3) consists of an outboard part made in the form of a frame deepener 16 equipped with symmetrical side stabilizers 17, which are folded when lifting the deepener on board the vessel, and a towing and cable system 18, which is a linear structure on based on a metal cable framed by plastic fairings, through which, in addition to the cable, the hose of the water intake device 19 connected to hydraulic line b and a type-setting electric cable for supplying power and removing boiling of the sensors 20 hydro parameters (HFP) of water, placed on a frame 16 uglubitelya.

The composition of the 20 HFP sensors can be represented by a standard set of measuring instruments of natural composition (pH, Eh, 02) and general physical indicators (temperature, electrical conductivity) and supplemented, for example, by immersion fluorimeters 21 for direct measurements of dissolved organic substances, chlorophyll, oil products, etc. measuring information from the sensors 20 HFP and fluorimeters 21 is produced by equipment 8 for processing information.

The underwater lifting and launching device 2 (Fig. 3) contains a hydraulic winch 22 installed in a room on the upper deck of the vessel 1 for the winding of the towing and cable system 18 with a vertical arrangement of the drum axis, provided with an etched length sensor and providing a pulling force of 3-3 , 5 TS and the etching speed of 5-15 m / min, as well as a stationary inclined slip 23 installed between the platform 24 for placing the deepener 16 in a marching manner on the upper deck and lower deck. At the base of the slip 23, the hatch of the inclined shaft-clus 25 is made, through which the underwater tug 2 falls out overboard.

. Remote-controlled underwater vehicle (TPA) 3 is designed to conduct inspection work under water while the ship is stationary with the transmission of a television image on board. In addition to a black-and-white or color image camera, it is equipped with devices for single sampling of bottom soil and removable HFP sensor units. To determine the coordinates relative to the vessel, TPA 3 has a sonar direction finding system, the receiving antenna of which is located in the hinged cowl. An example of TPA 3 implementation is the advertising and technical description of the crewless Sutec Seaowl Mkll TPA. TPA 3 is controlled by the operator from an autonomous console located in the logging room, or a backup remote control 26, which is installed on the superstructure deck near the lifting device 27, by means of a communication cable 28 placed on the view 29 and ejected from it as the TPA 3 is removed from the vessel 1.

The lifting device 27 TPA 3 (see Fig. 4), made, for example, in the form of a cargo crane, is equipped with a gripping hook for lifting the container 30 (stand), in which the TPA 3 is placed, and lowering it overboard. Camping TPA 3 is stored in a special room (pantry TPA) on the lower deck, in the upper ceiling of which a hatchway 31 is made.

Device 4 for intake of water from the bottom layer at the ship’s berth consists of a hose with a nozzle 32 of the intake at the inlet end, lowered with a cable and anchor weight 33. The launching device is located on the superstructure deck and is represented by a hydraulic single-drum winch 34 (70 m hose capacity with a pulling force of 150 kGs, etching-picking speed 0.2-0.5 m / s) and a crane beam 35 with a reach of 1.7 m. The output end of the hose from the winch 34 has a branch for connecting to the hydraulic line 6.

 3 io / s3d - s The device 5 for monitoring the parameters of the surface layer (Fig. 5) is located in the bow of the vessel 1. It contains an immersion unit 36 mounted on a carriage 37, which is mounted on a rail with the possibility of longitudinal movement. The guide consists of two sections 38, 39 having longitudinal grooves 40 for the carriage 37. The guide section 38 is fixedly mounted on the stem of the vessel 1 and is stationary. In the working position, the rotary section 39 of the guide is docked with the stationary section 38, continuing the upright line of the vessel 1. Near the abutting end, the rotary section 39 is equipped with a fixing bar with an opening for the axial fastening axis 41 installed in the bow of the deck. To place the rotary section 39 in a marching manner, an emphasis 42 is provided, on which it tilts when turning around the axis 41, and a lanyard 43.

The immersion unit 36 of device 5 is equipped with 44 HFP sensors similar to the 20 HFP sensors of underwater tug 2, as well as fluorimeters 45 and water intake device 46. To protect against mechanical damage to the electric cable from the measuring sensors 44 and fluorimeters 45 and the hose of the water intake device 46, figured cavities 47 are made on both guide sections 38 and 39 (see FIG. 6), into which the cable and hose are laid. The fixed section 38 of the guide has a cross-section in cross section (view BB in FIG. B), which forms a contour of the bow of the ship.

At the free end of the rotary section 39 of the guide mounted pair unit 48 for laying the cable and hose from the double drum of the view 49 and the rotary unit 51 for the cable from the winch 52, the free end of which is connected to the mount 50 on the carriage 37.

The highway b (Fig. 7) is a piping system with a continuous flow of water, which is provided by a main pump 53. The inlet pipelines 54-56 are connected to the hoses of the water intake devices 19, 32, 46 of the outboard devices 2, 4, 5, respectively, and are made up to pump 53 taps to devices 57-59 of equipment 7 of hydrochemical analysis, which is performed separately for each controlled horizon. The tested water is drained into a special tank 60. After the pump 53, running water from pipelines 54-56 enters the main pipeline 61 and is then discharged overboard through the drainage system outside the water intake zone. For washing the hydraulic line 6, a special tank 62 with a washing solution is provided, which is pumped through the pipelines 54-56 and 61 and returned to the tank 62 along the ring outlet 63.

The task of the equipment 7 hydrochemical analysis is the implementation of rapid measurement methods directly in the water stream. In particular, the method of chemiluminescent analysis is used, which reveals the general pollution Golovina N.P., Levshin L.V. Chemical luminescent analysis of inorganic substances.- M .: Chemistry.- 1992, various photometry in the visible spectral range to control the total heavy content metals, phosphates, sulfates, nitrates, nitrites Bernstein I.Ya., Kaminsky Yu.A. Spectrophotometric analysis in inorganic chemistry. - L .: Chemistry. - 1975, method of flow-injection analysis Kuzmin I.M., Zolotev Yu.A. Automation in the concentration of trace elements. / Journal. Analytical Chemistry, 1987. - Issue 5. - S. 773-787. If necessary, assess the quantitative content of toxicants using methods of detailed analysis.

Information processing equipment 8 is a multi-machine digital computer complex having a two-level structure. At the first level, the primary processing of the readings of the sensors 20, 44 HFP, located on the recess 16 of the underwater tug 2 and the immersion unit 36 of the device 5

control parameters of the surface water layer and, accordingly, fluorimeters 21 and 45, as well as devices 57-59 hydrochemical analysis. The second level of the computing complex is represented by an operator’s device, which organizes and co-processes the output readings of first-level devices, displays, records and stores analysis results, as well as interacts with external devices and controls the operation of the equipment. An analogue of information processing equipment 8 is, for example, a shipboard system for collecting, recording and displaying data Grodetsky Yu.A. Organization of a system for collecting and processing hydrological information on a research vessel based on a local area network / Transactions of AANII.- L .: Gidrometeoizdat.- 1990.-T. 419.

The ultrasonic sensing device 9 is designed to search and detect layers with abnormal sound-scattering characteristics caused by the presence of mud lenses and other mechanical and biological inclusions. The equipment is implemented on the basis of a commercially available fish-finding fishfinder SarganEM AN Tekunov Fish-finding devices and complexes.-L .: Sudostroenie.- 1989 and contains 1 low-frequency and high-frequency antennas located on the bottom of the vessel, a pulsed two-frequency generator located near the antennas, and a data recording and presentation unit (RPD) 10, which is installed in the logging room and connected to equipment 8 for processing information.

The device 11 for monitoring water pollution by oil products is a stand-alone device and detects oil films on the surface of the water, measures the film thickness and type of oil product. As a variant of equipment that implements these tasks, a remote spectrofluorimeter according to autosvid can be used. USSR N 1112943, using the principle of irradiation of the surface layer of water with an ultraviolet laser locator and subsequent computer analysis of the intensity and decay time of laser-induced fluorescence of petroleum products Mezheris R. Laser remote sensing, - M.: Mir. - 1987. The device consists of a laser emitter, a receiver - transmitting lens (optical head), polychromator, photodetector unit and microprocessor unit. The optical head 12 of the device 11 is installed on the remote console 13, placed on the deck in the bow of the vessel (see figure 2). The remaining blocks are installed in the cutting room. The optical units are connected by fiber optic communication lines.

The soil samplers used on the vessel are represented by a sampler 14 for sampling surface samples of bottom soil and a soil pipe 15 for sampling core samples of bottom sediments up to 1 m deep. For example, sampler 14 uses, for example, a grab type APG-0.16 grab, consisting of grab type reinforced on a frame of two buckets with a lever drive from a pneumohydrostatic cylinder. An example of a soil pipe 15 can be a direct-flow gravity sampler TG-1/80 Technique and technology for offshore exploration and mining / Sat. scientific works // Mingeo USSR.-PGO Sevmorgeologiya - L., 1984, consisting of a core receiver pipe, stabilizer cargo, free loop and reconnaissance cargo. The sampling and launching equipment of the samplers 14, 15 is installed on the superstructure deck, is used alternately to take surface or deep samples and consists of a 64 hydraulic drum winch (with a pulling force of 100-1000 kG, lifting speeds of 0.2-2.0 m / s and descent 1-5 m / s) and a crane beam 65 with a loading capacity of 1000 kgf with a reach of 2.5 m. The rope equipment includes a block, a thimble, a swivel, brackets.

Vessel 1 for environmental monitoring of the aquatic environment is used as follows.

II t. In preparation for the flight, flush the hydraulic line b. To do this, the entrances of pipelines 54-56 are connected, connected to the outboard devices 19, 32, 46 of the water intake, open the taps from the tank 62 with the washing solution, which is pumped through the pipelines by the pump 53. The remaining water is removed with compressed air. Set up on-site research equipment of the vessel. In this case, the TPA 3 is located in the container 30 and is located in the pantry of the TPA located on the lower deck of the vessel 1. The communication cable 28 is wound on the view 29. The cable with the hose of the device 4 for taking water from the bottom layer is selected, the winch 34 is locked, the intake port 32 with anchor weight 33 mounted on the crane beam 35. The towing and cable system 18 of the underwater tug 2 is located on the winch 22. The recess 16 is installed on the platform 24 next to the winch 22. The swivel section 39 of the guide of the hoisting device of the carriage 37 with the immersion unit 36 of the device 5 controls of the parameters of the surface water layer is deployed along the deck, tilted to a stop 42 and secured with a lanyard 43. The carriage 37 is moved to the left edge of the guide section 39 and is held by the winch cable 52. The cable of the measuring sensors 44, 45 and the hose of the water intake device 46 are wound onto the view 49.

After the vessel 1 departs from the pier, the ultrasonic sensing device 9 is turned on and echo signals reflected from the bottom of the surveyed water are recorded and processed. The forward console 13 with the optical head 12 of the device 11 for monitoring water pollution by oil products is deployed forward along the vessel. The laser locator is turned on and the surface of the vessel is undisturbed by the movement of the vessel within a radius of 1-1.5 km. If an oil spill is detected, an assessment is made of the film thickness and the volume of the spill, as well as the identification of the type of oil products.

-y, when approaching the patrol area, an underwater tug 2 is set up. For this, the winch mechanism 22 is activated, releasing the towing and cable system 18. The deepener 16 slides from the platform 24 onto slip 23 and falls out through gravity shaft 25 and falls out overboard the ship. By rotating the winch 22, the length of the towing and cable system 18 is increased until the recess 16 at a given speed of the vessel reaches a predetermined horizon of movement below the surface of the water, after which the winch 22 is locked, the etched part of the towing and cable system 18 is fixed and then remains constant . When immersing the deepener 16, the closed sections of the lateral stabilizers 17 are opened, due to which, when towing the underwater tug 2, the horizontal position of the HFP measuring sensors 20 and fluorimeters 21 located on the frame of the deepener 16 is maintained.

The device 5 for controlling the parameters of the surface water layer is installed in the working position. To do this, release the lanyard attachment 43, lift up and turn in the vertical plane to the right the rotary section of the guide 39, while smoothly bleeding the cable with the hose from the view 49, and the cable from the winch 52, and preventing the carriage 37 from moving with the immersed block 36. After that as the rotary section 39 of the guide closes with its stationary section 38, straighten the cable and hose into the figured cavities 47 of the fixed guide 38, release the view 49 and the winch 52. Under the influence of gravity, the carriage 37 with the immersed block 36 starts Slide along the longitudinal groove 40 of the guide along the ship’s fortnight until immersed in water. In the operating position, the immersion depth of the block 36 with measuring sensors is 1.5 - 2.0 m.

In the patrol mode on the vessel 1, turn on the pump 53 and begin the continuous pumping of water from devices 19, 46 in

(

.dosing from two examined horizons through pipelines 54, 55 of the hydraulic line 6 and water supply to the hydrochemical express analysis devices 57, 58. At the same time, the current readings of the HFP sensors 20, 44 and fluorimeters 21, 45 are taken and processed in real time in conjunction with the output readings of the hydrochemical analysis equipment 7 and the RPD equipment 10 of the ultrasonic sensing device 9. Inspection of the water area in the patrol mode is carried out at a speed of 6-12 knots (depending on weather conditions) along a predetermined route. Pollution assessment results are mapped.

Upon detection of areas of increased pollution, the vessel is used in the mode of inspection in the parking lot. The device 5 for monitoring the parameters of the surface water layer continues the intake and measurements. Additionally, water is taken from the bottom layer into the pipeline 56 of the hydraulic line b and its supply to the hydrochemical analysis device 59. To do this, the cable with anchor weight 33 and the hose with the fitting 32 of the water intake from the winch 34 are bled. For the study of soil samples, they are sampled with a bottom grab 14 and a soil tube 15 using a winch 64. If necessary, inspection work is carried out in the bottom space using a TPA 3. For this, the boom of the lifting device 27 is turned towards the lower deck, lower the grappling hook through the hinged hatch 31 to the TPA pantry 3, attach it to the container 30 with the TPA 3, lift the container onto the superstructure deck, and then lower it into the water , simultaneously bleeding the communication cable 28 from the view 29. On command from the control panel 26, the TPA 3 leaves the container 30 and then performs the specified examination program.

The composition of the research equipment of the vessel allows for a comprehensive survey of the water area and the detection of pollution for all standardized groups of toxicants. The use of equipment based on various physical principles and duplication in the measurement of a number of parameters increase the reliability of monitoring and assessing the ecological state of the environment. Combining, using a common water intake system and a centralized information processing system, individual measuring subsystems, including outboard, deck equipment, and cutting equipment, allows for the rapid assessment of the qualitative composition of both deep and near-surface water layers.

The design of the launching mechanism of the device 5 for monitoring the parameters of the surface water layer was developed taking into account the design features of the bow of the vessel and is unknown from the prior art.

Thus, the proposed combination of features of a utility model meets the criterion of novelty and is essential to achieve the claimed technical result.

The description of the utility model, the drawings and the existing technology allow us to manufacture this vessel in production and use it for environmental monitoring of the state of the aquatic environment, which characterizes the object as industrially applicable.

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Claims (3)

1. A vessel for environmental monitoring of the aquatic environment, equipped with an underwater tug with measuring sensors for water parameters placed on it, means for taking water and soil, a remote-controlled underwater apparatus, an apparatus for ultrasonic sensing and equipment for processing information and analyzing water, characterized in that it additionally contains a device for monitoring the water surface for contamination with oil products, the optical unit of which is mounted on a remote console in the bow of the vessel, as well as the control of the parameters of the surface water layer, the immersion unit of which is equipped with measuring sensors and a water intake device and is mounted on a carriage, which is mounted for movement along a guide consisting of a fixed section mounted on the ship’s stem and a rotary section that is docked with the stationary one in the working position section, continuing up the line of the ship’s stem, and has the means for turning in a vertical plane to the stop placed on the deck.  2. The vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixed section of the guide in cross section has a swept shape.  3. The vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the outboard water intake devices are connected to a hydraulic highway, which has separate taps to the hydrochemical analysis equipment for each examined horizon.