RU2797095C1 - Carbon waste recycling device using induction heating - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: waste disposal.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for environmentally friendly and safe disposal of municipal solid waste using induction heating technology and can be applied to the processing of organic waste of natural and artificial origin. In the device for processing carbon-containing waste using induction heating according to the invention, the reactor vessel consists of two parts, the upper of which is removable gas distribution device 1, and in bottom part 2 of the reactor there is grounded inductor 4 made of electrically conductive material to create a temperature field, in the centre of which rod metal resonator 5 is mounted. The upper part of inductor 4 is made cone-shaped with tangential holes 7 formed in it to provide a circular movement of the air mixture flow coming through discharge gas channel 8 connecting the lower part of inductor 4 with atmospheric air blower 9. Branch pipes 10 and 12 of the intake air duct are mounted in the walls of gas distribution device 1 and lower part 2 of the reactor vessel connected to smoke exhauster 13. In the upper part of removable gas distribution device 1, cyclone 14 is mounted to purify hydrogen from dust particles, equipped with branch pipe 15 for removing purified hydrogen and channel 16 with a sluice gate 17 for supplying the separated dust particles back to the reactor, and supercharger 18 of the liquid fraction of carbonaceous waste in the form of a turbine. Gas distribution device 1 is also equipped with bin 19 for loading solid carbonaceous waste.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of disposal of solid and liquid household waste with a simultaneous increase in the yield of hydrogen and hydrides of metals and non-metals.

4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for environmentally friendly and safe disposal of municipal solid waste using induction heating technology, and can be applied to the processing of organic waste of natural and artificial origin to obtain products of practical importance, including hydrogen and hydrides of metals and non-metals, used as for industrial and domestic needs.

The priority direction of scientific and technological progress in the energy sector is the creation and development of efficient technologies for the use of local energy resources to build a sustainable system of decentralized energy supply with a concomitant solution to the increasingly urgent problem of recycling solid urban (domestic) waste.

Known technologies (schemes) of gasification / Handbook. “Boilers and power plants on biofuel. Modern technologies for obtaining thermal and electrical energy using various types of biomass. Ovsyanko A.D., Pechnikov S.A., St. Petersburg, Biofuel portal WOOD-PELLETS.COM. 2008 360 pp. illus.; Biomass as a source of energy. Ed. S. Soufera, O. Zaborski. - M., Mir, 1985; G.G. Tokarev. Gas vehicles. State Scientific-Technical publishing house of mechanical engineering literature, M., 1955; Kolerov L.K. Gas engine installations. M., Mashgiz 1951/ differ in the place of air supply and selection of combustible fuel gas in gasifiers and are divided into technologies and, accordingly, reactor-gasifiers of direct, reverse (inverted) and horizontal processes.

The prior art device for gasification of fuel biomass (RU 2631812 class C10J 3/00, C10J 3/16, 2017), in the form of solid crushed biofuel in a dense layer, installed at an angle to the horizon in the range from 22 to 65 ° cylindrical reactor , made with the possibility of rotation around its axis, including a loading and unloading device, a device for supplying a gasifying agent - air to the lower part of the reactor, a reactor rotation drive, seals that ensure the tightness of the reactor during rotation, temperature sensors in the reactor. To carry out gasification, the reactor is equipped with a steam-water curtain belt built into the space inside the double side wall of the reactor, consisting of an outer wall - a casing and an inner wall of the working chamber. The steam-water curtain belt includes an annular reservoir for water supplied from the outside under pressure through a check valve, and evaporation cavities connected to it through pressure-overflow valves, forming a cellular honeycomb structure on the inner wall of the working chamber. The working chamber is perforated or has a porous structure along the length of the active zone of the oxidation/reduction of the reactor to ensure the passage of steam from the evaporation cavities to the near-wall region of the working chamber of the reactor. An adjusting block is introduced into the unloading device, the body of which is made in the form of a truncated cone or a truncated pyramid and is equipped with a water tank and a through central axial channel for air blast, connected to holes for steam injection from the tank. The reservoir of the control unit has an inlet pipeline for replenishing the water flow from the outside.

The disadvantage of the known device is the complexity of its design due to the need to bring the reactor into rotation. In addition, the device requires preliminary preparation of biomass for its gasification, including drying and grinding, which complicates the process of processing fuel biomass. The operation of the device requires the supply of a gasifying agent, atmospheric air, to the reactor, which leads to combustion and corresponding gas emissions (dioxins, furans). Hence. the device is not environmentally friendly. A high-quality system for cleaning and preserving harmful outgoing gases is required.

A device for thermal conversion of granular biomass into carbon monoxide and hydrogen is known, including a heating chamber enclosed in a heat-insulating shell, and a vertical retort with the possibility of exiting gaseous conversion products in the lower part of the retort, equipped with a bottom with holes. The device contains a section for preparing granulated biomass with a moisture content equal to or exceeding by no more than 50÷100% the moisture required for complete conversion of the biomass into gaseous fuel, as well as a container for pouring ash into it through holes in the bottom with a gas-tight sluice gate. Inside the gas-tight sluice gate there is a heat exchanger for cooling the ash and heating the coolant for the needs of heating or hot water supply. The heating chamber includes an upper low-temperature section in the form of an electric resistance winding for heating the biomass up to 450÷600°C, as well as a lower high-temperature section in the form of a direct electric heating furnace for heating the biomass up to 950÷1000°C. The device contains one or more tubular channels located in the internal space of the retort to remove gaseous conversion products from the lower part of the retort through its upper part (RU 97727, class C10B 53/02, F23G 5/00, 2010) from the device.

However, the complexity of the biomass heat exchange process reduces the thermodynamic efficiency of the metal hydride thermal process in each cycle of sorption/desorption in metal hydrides, and, consequently, reduces both the yield of hydride compounds and the yield of hydrogen.

The problem to which the invention is directed is the development of a design for a device for processing carbonaceous household waste, without their preliminary preparation due to the use of induction heating of biomass

The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the process of disposal of solid and liquid household waste with a simultaneous increase in the yield of hydrogen and metal and non-metal hydrides.

The problem posed and the claimed technical result are achieved due to the fact that in the device for processing carbon-containing waste using induction heating, according to the invention, the reactor vessel consists of two parts, the upper of which is a removable gas distribution device, and a grounded inductor made of electrically conductive material to create a temperature field, in the center of which a metal rod resonator is mounted. The upper part of the inductor is made cone-shaped with tangential holes formed in it to ensure circular motion of the air mixture flow coming through the pressure gas channel connecting the lower part of the inductor with the atmospheric air blower. In the walls of the gas distribution device and the lower part of the reactor vessel, there are nozzles of the intake air duct connected to the smoke exhauster. In the upper part of the removable gas distribution device, a cyclone for hydrogen purification from dust particles is mounted, equipped with a pipe for removing purified hydrogen and a channel with a sluice gate for supplying separated dust particles back to the reactor, and a supercharger for the liquid fraction of carbonaceous waste in the form of a turbine. The gas distribution device is also equipped with a bunker for loading solid carbonaceous waste.

The upper part of the reactor is expediently made of stainless steel.

The execution of the lower part of the reactor vessel from electrically insulating concrete, buried in the ground, is important to use for stationary devices of large volume, because this saves the use of expensive metal and also ensures electrical safety.

For small mobile waste disposal complexes, it is advisable to make the lower part of the reactor from stainless steel.

The presence of a rod metal resonator in the center of the inductor makes it possible to concentrate the electric flux of particles created by the triboelectric effect and energy in one place on the electrically conductive rod.

The execution of the upper part of the inductor is cone-shaped with tangential holes formed in it, in order to create a circular motion for the flow of the air mixture entering through the pressure gas channel connecting the lower part of the inductor with the atmospheric air blower, most effectively provides the conditions for induction heating of the inductor under the action of static electricity discharges between dust-like particles formed as a result of chemical reactions inside the reactor and a circular gas-air flow entering through the intake air pipe and tangential holes of the cone-shaped part of the inductor.

The presence in the lower part of the reactor vessel of an intake air duct connected to a smoke exhauster creates a constant circular flow of gases, in which the gas leaves the lower part of the reactor with the help of a smoke exhauster, and a new portion of the gas-air mixture is injected into the lower part of the inductor, initiating the formation of static electricity to heat the inductor.

The location of the cyclone in the upper part of the gas distribution device allows the purification of hydrogen from dust particles, as well as returning dust particles back to the reactor, providing favorable conditions for creating static electricity on a metal rod resonator to increase the temperature inside the reactor and accelerate the formation of hydrogen and hydride compounds.

The presence in the side walls of the gas distribution device and the reactor vessel of the intake air duct connected to the smoke exhauster makes it possible to remove associated gas from the reactor, which increases the acceleration of the circular movement of air inside the reactor for the efficiency of the process of decomposition of carbonaceous waste.

Installing a supercharger in the form of a turbine for the liquid fraction of carbonaceous wastes in the upper part of the gas distribution device allows the liquid fractions of carbonaceous wastes to be supplied in atomized form. Polluted water or fecal effluents can be used as the liquid fraction.

A device for processing carbon-containing waste using induction heating is shown in the drawing.

In the drawing, the positions indicate:

1 - removable gas distribution device;

2 - lower part of the reactor made of electrically insulating concrete;

3 - earth;

4 - inductor made of electrically conductive material;

5 - rod resonator, in the form of a metal rod:

6 - conical part of the inductor;

7 - tangential holes in the conical part of the inductor;

8 - discharge gas channel;

9 - atmospheric air blower;

10 - upper branch pipe of associated gas;

11 - intake duct;

12 - lower branch pipe of the intake duct;

13 - smoke exhauster;

14 - cyclone;

15 - outlet pipe of purified hydrogen;

16 - channel for supplying the selected dust particles back to the reactor; 17 - sluice;

18 - supercharger in the form of a turbine;

19 - bunker for loading solid carbonaceous waste;

20 - municipal solid waste;

21 - hydride compounds of metals and non-metals;

22 - top layer of hydrides;

23 - pipeline connecting the gas distribution device 1 with the cyclone 14

A device for processing carbon-containing waste using induction heating, in a stationary version, operates as follows.

Carbon-containing wastes, such as: coal screenings, timber processing wastes, paper, textile, chemical industry wastes, solid household and solid industrial wastes, with the gas distribution device 1 removed, are unloaded by a dump truck into the hopper 19 for loading solid carbon-containing wastes, filling the lower part of the reactor 2, made of electrically insulating concrete and buried in the ground 3, under the upper level, after which the raw material is set on fire in the lower part of the reactor 2 using an arson device (not shown in the figure). Municipal solid waste 20 cyclically fall into the reactor 2 previously placed on standby in the lower part, then the operating mode is turned on. When the blower 9 is turned on in a circular closed flow, through the discharge gas channel 8, the tangential holes 7 located in the inductor 4, the intake air duct 11 will begin to circulate air saturated with dust, providing ignition of the raw material.

In the process of movement of the dust-air mixture along a circular closed flow, dust particles become electrified. Getting into the zone of location of the inductor 4 between the electrified particles and the inductor 4, electric corona discharges occur with a temperature inside the discharges of more than 3000 ° C, which appear due to the potential difference. In this case, the inductor 4, under the action of static electricity accumulated on dust particles, is subjected to induction heating, as a result of which its temperature rises and can reach 800 °C. Municipal solid waste 20, which is in contact with the heated inductor 4, under the action of a steam-gas velocity pressure, begins to break down into smaller fragments, which leads to an increase in the number of static electricity discharges. Moisture, which is in the raw material in the form of tiny drops, is involved in a high-speed vapor-gas flow and, falling into an electric discharge of static electricity, is destroyed into oxygen and hydrogen. When hydrogen moves along the heated ash residue, one part of it interacts with the metals in the ash residue obtained by the decomposition of salts that are part of the carbon-containing raw material, forming hydride compounds of metals and non-metals 21 with temperatures up to 800°C.

As the first batch of loaded municipal solid waste 20 is processed, the dusty ash residue, repeatedly subjected to high-temperature heating by static electricity discharges and subsequent partial cooling in a hydrogen environment, turns into hydride compounds of metals and non-metals 21 and accumulates in the lower part of the reactor 2. After the transformation of all volume of initially loaded municipal solid waste 20 into hydrogen and hydride compounds of metals and non-metals 21, the lower part of the reactor 2 is refilled with solid domestic waste 20 and the process is repeated many times until the lower part of the reactor 2 is filled with hydride compounds of metals and non-metals 21 to the upper cut of the lower part of the reactor 2. In this case, the temperature of the hydride compounds of metals and non-metals 21 located in the area of the inductor 4 is maintained up to 800°C, and in the upper layer 22 of the hydride compounds of metals and non-metals decreases to 80°C. This completes the process of accumulation of hydride compounds of metals and non-metals 21, and the lower part of the reactor 2 is closed with a removable gas distribution device 1, which further ensures the accumulation of hydrogen, its purification from associated gases, as well as dust and hydrogen supply to the consumer.

Due to the operation of the atmospheric air blower 9, which creates a circular gas flow, the sorption/absorption process is continued, as a result of which the separated part of hydrogen in the free state, as the lightest gas, rises up and through the pipeline 23 with the cyclone 14, where, being cleaned of dust, it is fed through the outlet pipe 15 of the purified hydrogen to the consumer. At the same time, part of the hydrogen, together with associated gases, is drawn into the steam-gas flow through the upper branch pipe 10 of the associated gas and begins to move along a circular closed flow, returning to the active zone of the occurrence of static electricity discharges of the inductor 4. In addition, during this period, when the blower 9 is operating through the intake duct 11, a certain amount of moist atmospheric air is supplied to the active zone of the inductor 4. Moisture, oxygen in the air, associated gases, getting into the active zone of the inductor 4 ensure the continuity of the closed process of sorption / absorption and maintaining operating temperatures throughout the volume of hydride compounds of metals and non-metals 21. At the same time, the accumulated hydride compounds of metals and non-metals 21 acquire the properties of volatile materials with a volumetric weight of less than 1 kg / liter, and therefore, under the influence of a dynamic closed vapor-gas flow, they are in the state of a "fluidized bed" in which areas with different temperatures ranging from 50 ° C to 800 ° are randomly created and disappear WITH. The regulation of the degree of hydrogen accumulation in hydride compounds of metals and non-metals 21 is provided by the value of the high-speed dynamic flow created by the supercharger 9. The dust separated from the cyclone 14, representing the most active part of the hydride compounds of metals and non-metals 21, is returned using a sluice gate 17 through the channel 16 to the lower part of the reactor 2 and accumulates on top of the previously loaded solid domestic waste 20. To obtain the accumulation and supply of hydrogen to the consumer in given volumes, the liquid fraction of carbon-containing waste industrial or fecal water with impurities of bottom sediments is fed into the supercharger 18 in the form of a turbine, which are mixed in circular gas flow. In the process of moving along a circular closed flow, the sprayed particles of bottom sediments are electrified and, falling into the zone of location of the inductor 4, electric discharges occur between it. In this case, the inductor 4, under the influence of static electricity accumulated on dust particles, is subjected to additional induction heating, as a result of which its temperature rises and can exceed 1000°C. A mixture of particles of bottom sediments and drip water come into contact with an inductor 4 heated to high temperatures and a large volume of powdered hydride compounds of metals and non-metals 21 with a temperature of 800 ° C in the lower layer and 80 ° C in the upper layer, which are in the state of a fluidized bed, are destroyed at the molecular level into oxygen, hydrogen and carbon. Part of the hydrogen provides absorption of part of the hydride compounds of metals and non-metals 21, and part of the hydrogen, as the lightest gas, rises up and enters the cyclone 14 through the pipeline 23, where it is cleaned of dust and is fed through the pipe 15 to the consumer.

Regulation of the volume of produced hydrogen is ensured by regulation of the amount supplied to the closed circuit through the supercharger 18 of the liquid fraction of carbonaceous waste in atomized form into the air circuit.

It is obvious that the person skilled in the art should understand that the various means and steps described above can be implemented using conventional devices and can be integrated into a single device. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to any particular combination. The above operating example of the device is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention within its claims. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may contain various changes and variations. Any changes, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. in accordance with the spirit and principle of the present invention, should fall entirely within the scope of the legal protection of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A device for processing carbon-containing waste using induction heating, characterized in that the reactor vessel consists of two parts, the upper of which is a removable gas distribution device, and a grounded inductor made of electrically conductive material is installed in the lower bottom part of the reactor to create a temperature field, in the center of which a rod metal resonator is mounted, while the upper part of the inductor is made cone-shaped with tangential holes formed in it to ensure circular motion of the air mixture flow coming through the pressure gas channel connecting the lower part of the inductor with the atmospheric air blower, in addition, in the walls of the gas distribution device and the lower parts of the reactor vessel, intake air duct pipes connected to a smoke exhauster are mounted, a cyclone for hydrogen purification from dust particles is mounted in the upper part of the removable gas distribution device, equipped with a pipe for removing purified hydrogen and a channel with a sluice gate for supplying separated dust particles back to the reactor, and a liquid fraction supercharger carbon-containing waste in the form of a turbine, while the gas distribution device is also equipped with a bunker for loading solid carbon-containing waste. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper part of the reactor is made of stainless steel. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower part of the reactor is buried in the ground and is made of electrically insulating concrete. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that for small mobile waste disposal complexes, the lower part of the reactor is made of stainless steel.

Images