RU2796998C1 - Threshing and separating device of the combine harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: threshing and separating device of the combine harvester contains a frame, a threshing drum, a distributor beater pivotally mounted in the frame, a concave installed under the threshing drum, two threshing and separating rotors (5) pivotally mounted in the frame transversely to the longitudinal axis of the combine and rotating in opposite directions relative to each other, decks (6) installed under the threshing and separating rotors (5), and a grain board (7) installed under the working bodies. Shields (9) are pivotally mounted on the sidewalls located along the edges and in the central part of the deck frame (6), and on the ribs (10 and 11) located along the sidewalls and hinged on the central sidewalls of the deck frame (6). Shields (9) are fixed on the deck frame (6) with pins and on ribs (10 and 11) with bushings, washers, bolts and nuts. On the bracket (22) of the rotor casing (5), a drive (18) is fixed at one end, fixed at its other end on the rods (15) and structurally interconnected rods (16, 17 and 19) by means of cylindrical hinges. The rods (14) and the structurally interconnected rods (16, 17 and 19) are pivotally hinged, respectively, with the ribs (10 and 11).

EFFECT: increased productivity of the combine harvester, reduced load on the cleaning system during the rectilinear movement of the combine, reduced grain losses when the combine harvester operates on transverse slopes, as well as the ability to quickly adjust the combine harvester when harvesting various crops.

6 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The claimed invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular, to threshing and separating devices of combine harvesters.

Known threshing and separating device combine harvester "John Deere X9" [website: https://www.deere.com/en/harvesting/x-series-combines/, (accessed 04/02/2022)], including a frame , beater-distributor, two threshing and separating rotors installed in the frame transversely to the longitudinal axis of the combine and rotating in opposite directions relative to each other, decks installed under the threshing and separating rotors, and a pitched board installed under the working bodies.

Known threshing and separating device combine harvester "New Holland CR10.90" [website: https://agriculture.newholland.com/nar/en-us/equipment/products/combines-and-headers/cr-revelation/features/threshing -and-separation, (date of access - 04/02/2022)], which includes a frame, a beater-distributor, two threshing and separating rotors installed in the frame transversely to the longitudinal axis of the combine and rotating in opposite directions relative to each other, and decks installed under the threshing and separating rotors.

The disadvantages of these devices are: the inability to reduce the load on the cleaning system during the rectilinear movement of the combine harvester; poor-quality separation of the threshed grain heap entering the cleaning sieves when the combine is operating on a transverse slope, which worsens the separating cleaning ability and leads to an increase in grain losses due to the uneven distribution of the grain heap, and also reduces the productivity of the combine harvester due to the heavy load on the cleaning and re-threshing system .

Closest to the claimed invention is the threshing and separating device of the Fendt Ideal 10T combine harvester [website: https://www.fendt.com/ru/kombainy/ideal, https://www.fendt.com/ru/gene- va-assets/article/114572/662571-fendtideal-2001-en-web.pdf, (Accessed on 04/02/2022)], which includes a frame, a beater-distributor, two threshing-separating rotors installed in a frame transversely longitudinal axes of the harvester and rotating in opposite directions relative to each other, decks installed under the threshing and separating rotors, and a pitched board installed under the working bodies, having a concave shape.

The disadvantages of the prototype are: poor-quality separation of the threshed grain heap entering the cleaning sieves when the combine is operating on a transverse slope due to the shape of the pitched board, which directs the threshed grain mass to the central part of the cleaning system and leads to unloaded extreme zones of the cleaning system, which worsens the separating the ability to clean and leads to an increase in grain losses due to uneven distribution of the grain heap, and, as a result, to a decrease in the productivity of the combine harvester due to the heavy load on the cleaning system and the re-threshing system; the inability to reduce the load on the cleaning system during the rectilinear movement of the combine harvester.

The objective of the claimed invention is to increase the productivity of the combine harvester, reduce the load on the cleaning system during the rectilinear movement of the combine, reduce grain losses when the combine harvester operates on transverse slopes, as well as the ability to quickly adjust the combine harvester when harvesting various crops.

To achieve the specified technical result in the claimed threshing and separating device, containing a frame, a threshing drum, a beater distributor, pivotally mounted in the frame, a concave installed under the threshing drum, two threshing and separating rotors, pivotally mounted in the frame transversely to the longitudinal axis of the combine and rotating in opposite directions relative to each other, decks installed under the threshing and separating rotors, and a pitched board installed under the working bodies, structurally connected shields, ribs, axles, bushings, washers, rods, brackets and a drive are introduced, while the shields are pivotally mounted on sidewalls located along the edges and in the central part of the deck frame, and on the ribs located along the sidewalls and hinged on the central sidewalls of the deck frame. The shields are located parallel to the transverse bars of the deck frame and are installed on the decks in the threshing and separating parts of the rotors. Each deck section is divided into two groups of shields, one of which consists of three shields, and the other group of four shields, with each group of shields interconnected by ribs using a bolted connection. Opening and closing of each group of flaps is carried out by means of a drive remotely, from the operator's cab, using an electric transmission, in two modes: manual control when the combine is moving in a straight line and automatic control when working on transverse slopes. An electromechanism is used as a drive. The drive is fixed at one end on the bracket of the rotor casing, and at the other end - on the rods with the help of cylindrical hinges, while the rods are pivotally connected to the ribs.

Thanks to these innovations, they achieve a reduction in the load on the cleaning system during the rectilinear movement of the combine by reducing or increasing the threshing and separation area, reducing grain losses when the combine harvester is operating on transverse slopes due to the uniform distribution of the threshed grain mass, the ability to quickly adjust the combine harvester remotely from the operator's cab when harvesting various crops, and, as a result, increasing the productivity of the combine harvester.

The claimed invention is illustrated by drawings:

- Fig.1 - General view of the threshing and separating device (in section);

- figure 2 - shields in the closed position (section A-A);

- figure 3 - flaps with automatic control at the angle of inclination of the harvester to the left side (in the direction of travel) (section A-A);

- Fig.4 - General view of the flaps with the adjustment mechanism (isometric view);

- Fig.5 - fastening of the shields on the deck frame (section B-B).

The claimed invention contains the following structural elements (see Fig.1 - 5): 1 - frame; 2 - threshing drum; 3 - concave; 4 - beater-distributor; 5 - rotors; 6 - deck; 7 - pitched board; 8 - gearbox; 9 - shields; 10, 11 - ribs; 12 - axes; 13 - bushings; 14 - washers; 15, 16, 17, 19 - thrust; 18 - drive; 20 - bolts; 21 - nuts, 22 - bracket, while the threshing-separating device consists of a frame 1, a threshing drum 2, a beater-distributor 4, mounted pivotally in the frame 1 on ball bearings, a bar-slatted concave 3, adjustable relative to the threshing drum 2, rotors 5, installed in the frame 1 on one side on a roller bearing, and on the other side - on the gearbox shaft 8, bar-slat decks 6 installed under the rotors 5, pitched board 7 installed under the working bodies, and shields 9.

Shields 9 are pivotally mounted on the sidewalls located along the edges and in the central part of the deck frame 6, and on the ribs 10, 11 located along the sidewalls and hinged on the central sidewalls of the deck frame 6. At the same time, the shields 9 are fixed on the frame of the deck 6 with the help of axes 12 and on the ribs 10, 11 with the help of bushings 13, washers 14, bolts 20 and nuts 21. The drive 18 is mounted at one end on the bracket 22 of the rotor casing 5, and at the other end - on the rods 15 and structurally interconnected rods 16, 17, 19 by means of cylindrical hinges, while the rods 15 and the structurally interconnected rods 16, 17, 19 are pivotally fixed, respectively, with the ribs 10, 11.

The inventive device works as follows (see figure 1 - 5). The technological mass comes from the inclined chamber (not shown in Fig.1 - 5) into the threshing gap between the threshing drum 2 and the bar-slatted concave 3 and is subjected to repeated blows by the whips of the threshing drum 2, resulting in its grinding and the main threshing of grain from the ear . Under the action of centrifugal force, the threshed grains, together with small impurities, wake up through the grate of the bar-slatted concave 3, and the coarse heap (straw) with a small part of the unthreshed, free grain is fed to the beater-distributor 4, which evenly directs the mass into the rotors 5, where in the threshing zone "B" (see figure 1) of the rotors 5 is threshing the remaining grains from the ear, and in the separating zone "G" (see figure 1) of the rotors 5 is provided by the separation of the remaining grains from the straw. Under the action of centrifugal force, the threshed grains, together with small impurities, wake up through the bars of the bar-slatted decks 6, onto the pitched board 7.

When harvesting cereal crops, in the process of threshing the technological mass with a straight-line movement of the combine, using manual control from the operator's cab, it is necessary to open the shields 9 using the drive 18. To open the shields 9, the drive 18 is switched to the position in which its rod retracts. At the same time, by means of structurally connected rods 15, 16, 17, 19 with the drive rod 18, the ribs 10, 11 simultaneously move along the guide grooves in the frame of the deck 6 and at the same time the shields 9 rotate along the guide grooves in the ribs 10, 11, as a result of which the shields 9 take extreme (open) position. When this technological mass freely passes through the slatted surface of the deck 6 and enters the pitched board 7 and sieve cleaning (figure 1 - 5 not shown). To close the shields 9, the drive 18 is turned on in a position in which its stem extends. This eliminates the failure of the unthreshed technological mass through the cells of the deck 6, and the zone of threshing and separation is reduced, which contributes to a better flow of the technological process.

When harvesting grain crops in the process of threshing the technological mass on transverse slopes, using automatic control, at the angle of inclination of the harvester to the left (in the direction of travel), the right side of the flaps 9 opens and the left side of the flaps 9 of each section of the deck 6 closes, while one of the two power drives 18 is involved. When the harvester is tilted to the right side (in the direction of travel), the left side of the flaps 9 opens and the right side of the flaps 9 of each section of the deck 6 closes, while another power drive 18 is involved. The mechanism for opening and closing the flaps 9 in automatic control is carried out similarly to the manual control process. This contributes to a uniform distribution of the technological mass throughout the cleaning system and a better flow of the technological process.

The technical result consists in reducing grain losses during the operation of the combine harvester on transverse slopes due to the uniform distribution of the threshed grain mass, in reducing the load on the cleaning system during the rectilinear movement of the combine by reducing or increasing the threshing and separation zone, in the possibility of quickly setting the combine harvester remotely from cabs of the machine operator when harvesting various crops, and, as a result, in increasing the productivity of the combine harvester.

Claims (7)

1. Threshing and separating device of a combine harvester, containing a frame, a threshing drum, a beater-distributor pivotally mounted in the frame, a concave installed under the threshing drum, two threshing and separating rotors pivotally mounted in the frame transversely to the longitudinal axis of the combine and rotating in opposite directions relative to each other, decks installed under the threshing and separating rotors, and a pitched board installed under the working bodies, characterized in that shields are introduced into it, pivotally mounted on the sidewalls located along the edges and in the central part of the deck frame, and on the ribs, located along the sidewalls and hinged on the central sidewalls of the deck frame, while the shields are fixed on the deck frame with the help of axles and on the ribs with the help of bushings, washers, bolts and nuts, the drive is fixed at one end to the bracket of the rotor casing, and at the other end - on the rods and structurally interconnected rods by means of cylindrical hinges, while the rods and structurally interconnected rods are pivotally fixed, respectively, with the ribs. 2. A threshing and separating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shields are located parallel to the transverse bars of the deck frame and are installed on the decks in the threshing and separating parts of the rotors. 3. The threshing and separating device according to claim 1, characterized in that each section of the deck is divided into two groups of shields, one of which consists of three shields, and the other group of four shields, while each group of shields is connected to each other by ribs at bolted connection. 4. The threshing and separating device according to claim 3, characterized in that the opening and closing of each group of flaps is carried out by means of a drive remotely, from the operator's cab, using an electric transmission, in manual and automatic modes. 5. A threshing and separating device according to claim 4, characterized in that, with the help of an electrical transmission, it is possible to activate manual control when the combine is moving in a straight line. 6. A threshing and separating device according to claim 4, characterized in that, with the help of an electrical transmission, it is possible to activate automatic control when working on transverse slopes. 7. Threshing and separating device according to claim 1, characterized in that an electric mechanism is used as a drive.

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