RU2796856C1 - Method for electrodynamic processing of viscous liquids, emulsions, suspensions and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrohydrodynamic processing.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to a method for electrohydrodynamic processing of viscous liquids, emulsions, suspensions, including formation of a processed stream, exposure of it to short-pulse electric discharges, acceleration of the stream, formation of strongly swirling external and internal streams from it moving with opposite axial velocity components, mixing the obtained streams, removal of one part of the flow for recycling, and the other part of the flow to an external consumer. The method is characterized by the fact that gas is introduced into the zone of action on the flow by short-pulse electric discharges, while the discharges are stabilized by automatically maintaining the required gap between the electrodes, hydrocarbon gases can be used as gases. The invention is also related to a device.

EFFECT: use of the invention makes it possible to increase the safety of operation of the device by reducing the voltage applied to the electrodes, increase the resource of continuous operation, and expand the scope.

7 cl, 5 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of electrohydrodynamic processing of liquids, emulsions, suspensions, including the change in physico-chemical properties, and can be used, for example, in the processing of a high-viscosity oil flow, in the synthesis of substances, in water purification and in other processes.

A known method for obtaining high and ultra-high pressures in a liquid by implementing inside the volume of a liquid located in an open reservoir or a closed reservoir, a pulsed electric discharge between two working electrodes (see patent RU No. 2436647 C1, publ. 20.12.2011).

The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of its use in a fluid flow, but only in a stationary volume, which significantly reduces productivity.

Closest to the claimed are a method and device that uses the impact on the oil flow by short-pulse high-voltage electrical discharges carried out in a cylindrical discharge chamber between the end surfaces of electrodes radially spaced with a gap having central axes perpendicular to the central axis of the discharge chamber (see US Patent No. : 9 528 050 B2, US Patent No.: 9 752 082 B2).

The disadvantages of the known method and device are the use of high voltage applied to the discharge device, the low resource of continuous operation of the electrodes and their unstable operation due to their wear.

The technical result of the invention is to improve the safety of the device by reducing the voltage applied to the electrodes, increasing the resource of continuous operation, expanding the scope.

To achieve a technical result, the proposed method of electrohydrodynamic processing of a viscous liquid, emulsion, suspension is as follows. A liquid with a wide range of viscosity and composition, for example, viscous oil or oil products, an emulsion or a suspension, is formed in the form of a stream, it is exposed to short-pulse electrical discharges, the stream is accelerated, and highly swirling external and internal flows are formed from it, moving with opposite axial speed components. Carry out the mixing of the received streams. One part of the resulting mixture flow is withdrawn for recirculation, and the other part is supplied to an external consumer. Gas or mixtures of gases are introduced into the zone of action on the flow by short-pulse electric discharges. Gas or gas mixtures are injected directly into the zone of formation of short-pulse electrical discharges.

The discharges are stabilized by automatically maintaining the required gap between the electrodes depending on the dielectric constant of the treated substance and the frequency of short-pulse electrical discharges.

The use of short-pulse electrical discharges leads to a strong mechanical compression of a viscous liquid, the generation of powerful ultrasonic, x-ray, ultraviolet and infrared radiation in the discharge zones, which induce thermal and shock effects, electromagnetic fields, ionization, dissociation, cavitation and physico-chemical effects.

The formation of a highly swirling flow containing dissociative and cavitation components in the field of centrifugal forces with a high radial pressure gradient, which generates developed anisotropic turbulence, pressure pulses, contributes to the intensification of heat and mass transfer processes, the breaking of chemical bonds (C - C) with the formation of free radicals in long molecules, separating the mixture into light and heavy fractions, as a result of which there is an intensification of changes in the physicochemical properties of the liquid.

The introduction of a gas or a mixture of gases directly into the zone of formation of short-pulse electric discharges makes it possible to reduce the electric voltage supplied for the formation of discharges, which increases the reliability of the device, the safety of operation and the economic costs associated with the manufacture of equipment and the implementation of the working process.

Stabilization of the frequency of short-pulse electrical discharges is carried out by an automatic control system of the required gap depending on the dielectric constant of the treated substance and the frequency of short-pulse electrical discharges, which helps to stabilize the working process and expand the scope of the method, depending on the purpose of processing and the liquid used.

The use of recirculation contributes to the stabilization of the workflow in terms of productivity, expanding the scope of the method, depending on the purpose of the treatment and the liquid used.

To achieve a technical result, a device is proposed for electrohydrodynamic processing of a viscous liquid, emulsion, suspension, containing an electrohydrodynamic reactor, including a vortex countercurrent chamber, an electrohydrodynamic device, an electric discharge device; pump; container with the processed liquid; generator of short-pulse high-voltage discharges.

The electric discharge device contains electrodes connected to an external source of gas supply to the electric discharge device, axial channels are made in the electrodes, and one hole of the axial channel of each electrode goes into the interelectrode gap, and the other hole of the axial channel in the opposite end of the electrode is connected to the gas source, while the electrodes installed with the possibility of movement towards each other.

The gas enters the axial channels made in the electrodes and exits through the end holes of the electrodes into the gap directly into the zone of formation of short-pulse electric discharges in the form of gas flows directed towards each other. The introduction of a gas or a mixture of gases directly into the zone of formation of short-pulse electric discharges makes it possible to reduce the electric voltage supplied for the formation of discharges, which increases the reliability of the device, the safety of operation and the economic costs associated with the manufacture of equipment and the implementation of the working process.

The device contains: a pipeline for supplying liquid from the tank to the pump for recirculation. The use of recirculation contributes to the stabilization of the workflow in terms of productivity, expanding the scope of the method, depending on the purpose of the treatment and the liquid used.

The device contains a system for automatic regulation of the required gap, depending on the dielectric constant of the processed substance and the frequency of short-pulse electrical discharges. The system of automatic regulation of the required gap is used to stabilize the frequency of short-pulse electrical discharges depending on the dielectric constant of the processed substance and the frequency of short-pulse electrical discharges.

In FIG. 1 shows a functional diagram of the device; in fig. 2 shows a longitudinal section of a vortex countercurrent chamber; Fig. 3 shows a section along the line A-A in Fig. 2 in FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal section of an electrohydrodynamic device and an electric discharge device; in fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the control of the gap between the electrodes.

The functional diagram of the device (Fig. 1) contains: an electrohydrodynamic reactor 1 containing a vortex countercurrent chamber 2, an electrohydrodynamic device 3, an electric discharge device 4 with a controlled drive 5; pump 6; container with the processed liquid 7; generator of short-pulse high-voltage discharges 8; controlled valves 9 and 10; viscometer 11; branch pipe 12 for supplying the gaseous fraction to the electric discharge device 4; fluid supply pipe for processing 13; pipe for removing the treated liquid 14; pipeline 15 for supplying liquid from pump 6 to electrohydrodynamic device 3; pipelines 16 and 17 for supplying the treated liquid from the vortex countercurrent chamber 2 to the viscometer 11; branch pipe 18 of the outlet of the gaseous fraction from the tank 7; pipeline 19 for supplying liquid for circulation from tank 7 to pump 6, branch pipe 20 for supplying treated liquid from tank 7 to valve 10. Tank 7 is equipped with a level sensor (not shown in the figure).

Vortex countercurrent chamber 2 contains: (Fig. 2), housing 21, tangential nozzle swirler apparatus 22; nozzle channel 23, two outlet nozzles 24 and 25. One nozzle 24 is placed in the plane of the tangential nozzle swirling apparatus 22, coaxially with the body 21 of the vortex chamber. Another outlet pipe 25 is placed in the end of the vortex chamber housing 21 opposite from the tangential nozzle swirler (Fig. 2). The tangential nozzle swirler 22 is connected by a branch pipe 26 to the outlet 38 of the body 29 of the electrohydrodynamic device 3 (FIGS. 3, 4). The tangential nozzle swirler 22 is formed by a nozzle channel 27 with an outlet 28.

The electrohydrodynamic device 3 and the electric discharge device 4 comprise (Fig. 4): the body of the discharge chamber 29; electrodes 30 and 31, located perpendicular to the central axis of the body 29, opposite to each other, in which coaxial channels 32 and 33 are made, going into the end holes towards each other. Electrodes 30 and 31 are placed in axial movement blocks 34 and 35.

An axial channel 36 is formed inside the body of the discharge chamber 29, having an inlet 37 and an outlet 38. The walls of the channel 36 are formed by a dielectric annular insert 39, the inner surface of which forms the flow part of the channel 36, and the outer surface is mated with the body of the discharge chamber 29 (Fig. 4). ).

A gap 40 is formed between the end surfaces of the electrodes 30 and 31, controlled by blocks 34 and 35, which are connected to the body 29 by means of branch pipes 41 and 42, the central axes of which are perpendicular to the outer side surface of the body 29. The blocks 34 and 35 are mechanically connected to the electric drive 43 .

Dielectric fixed guide bushings 44 (not marked on block 34) are inserted into nozzles 41 and 42, fixed with nut 45 on nozzle 41 (the sleeve is not marked on nozzle 42).

Inside the sleeve 44, a cylindrical cavity 46 is made coaxial with the central axis of the electrode 30. The outer cylindrical surface of the sleeve 44 is closed by a dielectric cylindrical casing 47, which is fixed to it by a threaded pin 48, and sealing rings 49 are inserted between the sleeve 44 and the inner surface of the casing 47.

Inside the casing 47, a gear 50, which is in contact with the end surface of the sleeve 44, is mounted with the possibility of moving in the circumferential direction, which contains an annular groove 51 made in the side surface, into which a pin 52 locking against axial movement is inserted. In the lower cylindrical surface of the gear 50, annular grooves are made , into which sealing rings 53 are inserted. A sleeve 54 is inserted into the internal cavity of the gear 50, on the inner surface of which a thread is made. Sleeve 54 and gear 50 are secured against movement by threaded pin 55.

An electrode holder 56 is inserted into the sleeve 54, having a thread on the outer surface connected with the thread of the sleeve 54. On the outer cylindrical surface, annular grooves are made into which sealing rings 57 are inserted. A longitudinal groove 58 is made on the threaded part of the holder 56, into which the pin 59 is inserted. , fixing the holder from rotation, and fixed in the sleeve 44.

Inside the sleeve 54, between its inner surface and the outer surface of the holder 56, an annular cavity 60 is formed to ensure axial movement of the holder 56 inside the sleeve 54.

A fitting 61 is screwed into the holder 56 with a fixing electrode 30 screw 62 and a nut 63. A nut 64 with an internal thread is put on the fitting 61, connecting the electrode 65 supplying electric current, and connecting the fitting 61 and pipeline 66 for supplying auxiliary gas.

On the gear 50, a gear engagement 67 is made, connected to the drive gear 68 of the electric drive 43, fixed in the fixed rack 69.

Schematic diagram of the gap control between the electrodes (Fig. 5) contains: the discharge sensor (Rogowski coil) 70 connected to the discharge line 71, through which an electric pulse flows from the discharge capacitor to the electrodes 30 and 31 (Fig. 4). The Rogowski coil wraps around the discharge line 71 and makes it possible to measure the voltage and frequency of the discharges. The current in the discharge line 71 creates an alternating magnetic field, which induces a voltage in the winding of the Rogowski coil. The output voltage corresponds to the voltage on the bit line 71 up to a constant.

The signal from the discharge sensor 70 is fed to the trigger pulse shaper of the control circuit 72. The trigger pulse is fed to the microcontroller 73. The microcontroller 73 is programmed in accordance with the necessary task of regulating the gap 40 (Fig. 4) between the electrodes 30 and 31 in frequency. The signal from the microcontroller 73 is fed to the stepper motor driver 74, which gives control commands to the stepper motor 75. The stepper motor 75 activates or stops the electrode 76 regulation mechanism depending on the pulse frequency values from the discharge sensor 70.

The control circuit (FIG. 5) maintains a predetermined frequency of discharges from a discharge capacitor between electrodes 30 and 31 (FIG. 4). To maintain a constant discharge frequency, the microcontroller 73 generates a control signal for the stepper motor 75 to stabilize the gap between the electrodes 30 and 31. When the discharge frequency decreases and the discharge voltage increases as the electrodes 30 and 31 wear, the stepper motor 75 restores the gap between the electrodes 30 and 31 to stabilize operation of the discharge device.

The proposed method for electrohydrodynamic processing of viscous liquids, emulsions, suspensions includes the formation of a processed flow, exposure to it with short-pulse electric discharges, acceleration of the flow, formation of strongly swirling external and internal flows from it, moving with opposite axial velocity components, mixing of the received flows, removal of one part of the flow for recycling, and the other part of the flow to an external consumer. Gas or mixtures of gases are introduced into the zone of action on the flow by short-pulse electric discharges, while the discharges are stabilized by automatically maintaining the required gap between the electrodes. Gas or gas mixtures are introduced directly into the zone of formation of pulsed electrical discharges.

Stabilization of the discharges by automatically maintaining the required gap between the electrodes is carried out depending on the dielectric constant of the treated substance and the frequency of short-pulse electrical discharges.

The operation of the proposed device is as follows.

Through the liquid supply pipe for processing 13 and the controlled valve 9 (Fig. 1), the initial liquid is fed into the pump 6. From the pump 6, the liquid with a certain pressure and flow through the pipeline 15 enters the electrohydrodynamic reactor 1, namely, into the electrohydrodynamic device 3.

In the chamber 36 (Fig. 4) form the translational flow of the treated fluid.

A gas or a mixture of gases is supplied from an external source 77 through the branch pipe 12 to the electric discharge device 4. This gas enters the axial channels 33 (Fig. 4) and 34, made in the electrodes 30 and 31, and exits through the end holes of the electrodes 30 and 31 into the gap 40 in the form of gas flows directed towards each other.

From the generator of short-pulse high-voltage discharges 8, an electric voltage is supplied to the electric discharge device 4 (Fig. 1), which is supplied to the electrodes 30 and 31 (Fig. 4), forming in the gap 40 high-frequency short-pulse electrical discharges carried out in the flow of a mixture of gaseous and liquid fractions.

Processed by electrohydrodynamic action in the device 3, the mixture is formed in the channel 36 in the form of a highly developed turbulent flow moving with acceleration to the hole 38.

The generated mixture flow, including the gas fraction, dissociated and ionized components, is accelerated and fed into the vortex countercurrent chamber 2.

In the nozzle channel 27 (Fig. 3) located in the nozzle 26 of the tangential nozzle swirler 2, the flow is formed in the form of a high-speed flow that exits through the opening 28 and leads into the internal flow part formed inside the housing 21 (Fig. 2). This flow forms inside the housing 21 two highly swirling flows, external and internal, moving with opposite axial velocity components. The external flow exits through nozzle 25, and the internal flow exits through nozzle channel 23 and nozzle 24.

Through pipelines 16 and 17 (Fig. 1), the liquid processed in the device 2 enters the viscometer 11, from where it enters the tank 7. The gaseous fraction from the tank 7 is removed through the pipeline 18 to an external consumer, and the liquid processed fraction is removed through the pipe 20, through the adjustable valve 10 and branch pipe 14 to an external consumer. Through the pipeline 19, part of the liquid from the tank 7 is fed to the pump 6 for recirculation.

An example of a specific implementation of the method of electrohydrodynamic processing of a viscous liquid, emulsion, suspension. A liquid of a wide range in viscosity and composition, for example, viscous oil or oil products, an emulsion or a suspension, is formed in the water of the stream, it is exposed to short-pulse electrical discharges, the stream is accelerated, and highly swirling external and internal flows are formed from it, moving with opposite axial components speed. The resulting flows are mixed, then the resulting mixture is withdrawn from one part of the flow for recirculation, and the other part is supplied to an external consumer. A gas or a mixture of gases is introduced into the zone of influence on the flow by short-pulse electric discharges. Hydrocarbon gases are used as a gas or a mixture of gases, because they allow voltage reduction to improve process safety. A gas or a mixture of gases is introduced directly into the zone of formation of short-pulse electrical discharges. The discharges are stabilized by automatically maintaining the required gap between the electrodes. Stabilization of the discharges by automatically maintaining the required gap between the electrodes is carried out depending on the dielectric constant of the treated substance and the frequency of short-pulse electrical discharges.

The parameters of the sample installation are presented in the table.

The use of short-pulse electrical discharges leads to strong mechanical compression, generation of powerful ultrasonic, X-ray, ultraviolet and infrared radiation in the discharge zones, which induce thermal and shock effects, electromagnetic fields, ionization, dissociation, cavitation and physico-chemical effects.

The formation of a highly swirling flow containing dissociative and cavitation components in the field of centrifugal forces with a high radial pressure gradient, which generates developed anisotropic turbulence, pressure pulses, contributes to the intensification of heat and mass transfer processes, the breaking of chemical bonds (C - C) with the formation of free radicals in long molecules, separating the mixture into light and heavy fractions, as a result of which there is an intensification of changes in the physicochemical properties of the liquid.

The introduction of a gas or a mixture of gases directly into the zone of formation of short-pulse electric discharges makes it possible to reduce the electric voltage supplied for the formation of discharges, which increases the reliability of the device, the safety of operation and the economic costs associated with the manufacture of equipment and the implementation of the working process.

Stabilization of the frequency of short-pulse electrical discharges is carried out by an automatic control system of the required gap depending on the dielectric constant of the treated substance and the frequency of short-pulse electrical discharges, which helps to stabilize the working process and expand the scope of the method, depending on the purpose of processing and the liquid used.

The use of recirculation contributes to the stabilization of the workflow in terms of productivity, expanding the scope of the method, depending on the purpose of the treatment and the liquid used.

The present invention can be made and implemented from existing materials on existing equipment.

Thus, the use of a method and device for electrohydrodynamic processing of liquids, emulsions, suspensions, including a change in physical and chemical properties, allows for a continuous and highly efficient working process of processing, by increasing the safety of operation; increasing the resource of continuous operation, expanding the scope.

Claims (7)

1. A method for electrohydrodynamic processing of viscous liquids, emulsions, suspensions, including the formation of a processed flow, exposure to it with short-pulse electric discharges, acceleration of the flow, formation of strongly swirling external and internal flows from it, moving with opposite axial velocity components, mixing of the obtained flows, removal of one part of the flow for recirculation, and the other part of the flow to an external consumer, characterized in that gas is introduced into the zone of action on the flow by short-pulse electric discharges, while the discharges are stabilized by automatically maintaining the required gap between the electrodes, hydrocarbon gases can be used as gases. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that mixtures of gases are introduced into the zone of action on the flow by short-pulse electric discharges. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the gas is injected directly into the zone of formation of short-pulse electrical discharges. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the mixture of gases is introduced directly into the zone of formation of short-pulse electrical discharges. 5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the stabilization of the discharges by automatically maintaining the required gap between the electrodes is carried out depending on the dielectric constant of the treated substance and the frequency of short-pulse electrical discharges. 6. A device for electrohydrodynamic processing of viscous liquids, emulsions, suspensions for implementing the method according to claim 1, containing an electrohydrodynamic reactor, including a vortex countercurrent chamber, an electrohydrodynamic device, an electric discharge device, a pump, a container with a liquid to be processed, a generator of short-pulse high-voltage discharges, characterized in that contains a pipeline for supplying liquid from a container to a pump for recirculation; the opposite end of the electrode is connected to a gas source, while the electrodes are installed with the possibility of moving towards each other. 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that it contains a system for automatically regulating the required gap depending on the dielectric constant of the processed substance and the frequency of short-pulse electrical discharges.

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