RU2796181C1 - Combustion engine lubrication system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engine building.

SUBSTANCE: lubrication system of an internal combustion engine includes an oil crankcase 1, a main oil pump 3, an oil filter 4, and a main oil line 14. The compensation oil pump 11 with an electric drive is connected to the lubrication system through a technological hole in the oil crankcase 1 and an oil channel in front of the oil filter 4. The dynamic pressure sensor 12 is installed in the main oil line 14. The compensation oil pump 11 and dynamic pressure sensor 12 are connected to microcontroller 13 configured to turn on the compensation oil pump 11 when the pressure in the main oil line 14 drops below 0.25 MPa in nominal mode at a speed of 2600 min^-1.

EFFECT: prevention of emergency failures when the internal combustion engine wears out during operation.

1 cl, 2 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering for the production of automotive and specialized vehicles, as well as to the operation of such complex high-tech equipment as cars, transport, transport and technological machines and complexes (TTMiK), including agricultural, construction, road, loading and unloading machines , special vehicles and armored vehicles. An important condition is the reduction of maintenance, repair and operation costs, achieved by increasing the reliability of vehicles and TTMiK. But despite this, in the operation of TTMiK for their intended purpose, one can find deviations and inconsistencies in the dimensions of parts and assemblies, their wear, changes in the shape and position of parts in joints, in engine systems and mechanisms, including changes in gaps, tightness and fits.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The invention is aimed at increasing the assigned resource of the engine, preventing emergency failures by means of structural and technological improvements based on research at the stage of fine-tuning the product in production. Manufacturers research and improve the design of internal combustion engines and its systems, improve production quality, ensure the reliability and service life of engines and their mechanisms and systems throughout the entire life cycle.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the internal combustion engine oil system is to provide lubrication, cooling of internal combustion engine elements and to prevent emergency wear of parts that occurs during boundary or dry friction of rubbing pairs.

In FIG. 1 shows the lubrication system of a KAMAZ diesel engine [1]. The lubrication system is combined, with a “wet” sump and includes: an oil pump 3, an oil sump 1, an oil filter (consisting of a full-flow 4 and a partial-flow 9 filter elements), a water-oil heat exchanger 7, oil channels in the block and cylinder heads, front cover and flywheel housing, external oil lines, oil filler neck, valves 2, 5, 6, 10 to ensure the normal operation of the oil system and control devices 8.

From the crankcase through the oil receiver, oil enters the discharge section of the oil pump; then it is fed into the oil filter, where it is cleaned by two filter elements, then it enters the main line, from where it is sent through the channels in the block and cylinder heads to the crankshaft main and connecting rod bearings, rocker arm bushings and upper tips of the pusher rods and other consumers.

Emergency failures occur when the oil pump, driven by the internal combustion engine itself, is not able to supply oil to the friction units in the required volume and pressure without delay.

The situation is aggravated when the internal combustion engine has already started to work, and it is necessary to fill a half-empty, and sometimes completely empty lubrication supply system when the oil is thick and cold, “resisting” the filling of the lubrication system. Friction pairs at this moment work on the oil reserves remaining in their gaps, experiencing boundary friction. A pre-failure state occurs during operation due to wear of the internal combustion engine. Due to a decrease in pressure in the lubrication system, the connecting rod bearings farthest from the oil pump experience oil starvation due to a break in the flow in the supply channels.

Based on the analysis of oil pressure losses to the connecting rod bearings, in order to ensure a constant oil flow to the connecting rod bearings and its continuity, it is necessary to maintain an excess oil pressure in the lubrication system of at least 0.25 MPa, for example, by increasing the performance of the oil pump or selecting the oil viscosity [2] .

The system described in the invention makes it possible to create the necessary pressure in the ICE lubrication system before starting it and maintain the necessary pressure in the lubrication system when the ICE wears out.

PATENT DOCUMENTS

As an analogue, we can cite an internal combustion engine lubrication system equipped with an oil pump for gas engine compressors [3], which provides pre-start pumping of oil before starting them.

It is known to install additional oil pumps, for example: a gear oil pump, which has a permanent drive from the gear of the gearbox of the starting engine on the internal combustion engine SDM-60 and SDM-62 [4] or a centrifugal oil pump driven by an electric DC motor on the internal combustion engine YaMZ- 240N [5, 6].

Also, as an analog of the ICE lubrication system, one can cite a device [7] for supplying oil to a turbocharger with constant pressure, heating and cleaning, consisting of an additional oil priming pump with an electric drive, a safety valve, a heating element, an oil cleaning filter, a device control unit, a relay for turning on a heating element, device operating time relay, oil temperature switch, oil temperature sensor, ignition switch connecting wire. The device makes it possible to provide reliable lubrication and cooling of the turbocharger, create the necessary pressure, reduce the thermal stress of parts, regardless of the operating mode and technical condition of the engine, environmental temperature conditions [7].

The disadvantages of the design of the prototype is the use of pumps for pumping oil (oil pumps) only during the start-up of gas engine compressors or internal combustion engines of cars and tractors.

As a prototype of the ICE lubrication system, a device for pre-start lubrication of an internal combustion engine can be considered, containing an oil pump connected to the engine oil line with an electric drive connected to the on-board battery through a control unit, a device enable relay, a pump operating time relay and an oil pressure switch [8].

The disadvantages of the design of the prototype is the use of the oil pump (oil pumps) only for lubrication of the turbocharger of the internal combustion engine.

The technical objective of the claimed invention is to ensure trouble-free operation when the internal combustion engine wears out by maintaining the pressure level specified by the technical conditions in the nominal mode.

The technical result is achieved by an internal combustion engine lubrication system, including an oil crankcase, a main oil pump, an oil purification filter, a main oil line, an electrically driven compensating oil pump (KMN), a dynamic pressure sensor installed in the main oil line. The compensation pump is connected by a lubrication system through a technological hole in the oil crankcase and an oil channel in front of the oil purification filter. KMN and the dynamic pressure sensor are connected to a microcontroller configured to turn on the KMN when the pressure in the main oil line drops below 0.25 MPa in nominal mode at a rotation speed of 2600 min ^-1 .

The proposed lubrication system for an internal combustion engine is shown in Fig.2., includes the main oil pump 3, oil crankcase 1, oil filter (consisting of full-flow 4 and partial-flow 9 filter elements), oil-water heat exchanger 7, oil channels in the block and cylinder heads, front flywheel cover and crankcase, external oil lines, oil filler neck, valves 2, 5, 6, 10 to ensure the normal operation of the oil system and control devices 8, as well as an electrically driven compensation oil pump 11, a dynamic pressure sensor 12 and a microcontroller 13. KMN is located outside the internal combustion engine, connected to the engine lubrication system by pipelines and wires.

The oil is taken in through a service hole in the engine sump, and the oil is supplied into the channel in front of the oil filter.

The KMN is controlled by a microcontroller that receives signals from a dynamic pressure sensor mounted in the main oil line 14 of the internal combustion engine and a crankshaft speed sensor 15 mounted on the flywheel gear 16.

The switching on of the KMN is carried out by the microcontroller according to the algorithm predetermined in it. Before starting the engine, when the ignition key is turned to the “instrumentation circuits on” position, the KMN works for 1.5 minutes to fill the engine oil channels at the most remote points (for example, turbocharger bearings). After starting the engine, KMN, together with the main oil pump, creates pressure in accordance with the specified characteristic "pressure - crankshaft speed" by one-point control at a nominal speed of 2600 min ^-1 pressure P≤0.25MPa. When the engine is running, the KMN turns on when the pressure in the system is below the set value for the specified crankshaft speed. Thus, when the CMN is turned on, due to the increasing oil supply, the pressure in the engine lubrication system increases. KMN turns off when the ignition key is turned to the "instrument and starter circuits are disabled" position. This algorithm of work is repeated at each start of the internal combustion engine.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings and diagrams:

Fig.1 - Lubrication system of diesel engine KAMAZ

Fig.2 - The proposed lubrication system for an internal combustion engine

POSITIONS ON THE DRAWING

Table 1 Position Designation 1 oil crankcase 2 lubrication system valve 3 oil pump 4 full flow filter element 5 thermal valve 6 bypass valve 7 oil heat exchanger 8 control devices 9 partial flow filter element 10 safety valve eleven compensation oil pump 12 dynamic pressure sensor 13 microcontroller 14 main oil line 15 crankshaft speed sensor 16 flywheel

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Operating manuals. KamAZ engines: 740.19-200, 740.58-300, 740.14-300, 740.19-3902002RE. - Naberezhnye Chelny: JSC "KamAZ", 2006. 107p. (25 pages)

2. Dzherikhov, V.B. Automotive operating materials: textbook. allowance. Part II., Oils and lubricants / V. B. Dzherikhov; St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg State University. architect.-builds. un-t, 2009. - 256 p. (55 pages)

3. Surinovich V.K., Borshchenko L.I. Machinist of technological compressors, Textbook for students of vocational education and workers in production. - M.: Nedra, 1986, 280s. (analogue)

4. Melnikov D. I. Tractors, Proc. and studies. manuals for students of technical schools - 2nd ed., revised. and additional - M.: Agropromizdat, 1990. - 366, [1] s (prototype).

5. Tractors and cars. Edited by V.A. Skotnikov. - T65. - M.: Agropromizdat, 1985. - 440 p.: ill. 6. Mikheev N.Z., Domnikov I.F. Tractors. Textbooks and teaching aids for agricultural technical schools Moscow: Kolos, 1975. - 335 p.

7. Patent 130644 Russian Federation, IPC F04D29/063. Turbocharger oil supply device with constant pressure, heating and cleaning. Yakubovich I.A., Yakubovich A.N., Kulakov A.T., Finochenko A.G., Malakhovetsky A.A. - 2012152809/06, Appl. 07.12.2012; publ. 07/27/2013, bul. No. 21.

8. Patent 88737U1 Russian Federation, IPC F01M 1/02. Device for pre-start lubrication of an internal combustion engine. Denisov A.S., Almeev R.I. - 2009123054/22, Appl. 06/16/2009; publ. 11/20/2009.

Claims (1)

The lubrication system of an internal combustion engine, including an oil crankcase, a main oil pump, an oil filter, a main oil line, characterized in that it includes an electrically driven compensation oil pump (KMN) connected to the lubrication system through a technological hole in the oil crankcase and an oil channel in front of the oil purification filter, a dynamic pressure sensor installed in the main oil line, while the KMN and the dynamic pressure sensor are connected to a microcontroller configured to turn on the KMN when the pressure in the main oil line drops below 0.25 MPa in the nominal mode at a speed of 2600 min ^-1 .

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