RU2796109C2 - Centrifugal flotation separator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: wastewater treatment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the purification of wastewater from pollutants and can be used in engineering, instrumentation, oil industry, construction industry. A centrifugal-flotation separator contains a cylindrical-conical body with branch pipes for tangential supply of waste water, water removal after cleaning, cylindrical-conical hydrocyclones arranged one below the other coaxially, a foam collector and an annular drum filled with a sorbent backfill. Inside the housing, in the tapering part of the hydrocyclones, there is an annular bubbling device for supplying a flotation agent. In the upper part of the body there is a tapering conical zone, above which the foam collector is located. In the lower part of the housing there is a discharge channel, under which there is an annular drum with a vertical axis of rotation, located with the condition of water flowing from the housing through the sorption filling after preliminary cleaning, and the presence of a branch pipe for supplying the regenerating composition. The rotation speed of the annular drum is controlled through a gearbox and a variator, which is made in the form of two cones with an intermediate roller link moving along the axis with calibration markings.

EFFECT: improving the quality of wastewater treatment.

1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The centrifugal flotation separator is designed for wastewater treatment from pollutants and can be used in mechanical engineering, instrument making, oil industry, construction industry.

Known devices and schemes for wastewater treatment in production using several stages of purification in various devices. For example, in the book "Engineering and Ecological Handbook" (AS Timonin, Kaluga, N. Bochkareva Publishing House, 2003-884 pp.), flotation sorption purification using mechanical methods, filtration and carbon sorbents is described. All these devices are material-intensive and occupy significant production areas.

Devices are known in which several cleaning processes are combined in one apparatus. For example, in the device "Thin-layer settling tank" (utility model patent No. 110284 dated May 19, 2011, Bull. No. 32 dated November 20, 2011), a combination of centrifugal separation and thin-layer settling is implemented. In this device, only mechanical cleaning occurs, and dissolved contaminants remain. A device "Centrifugal-thin-layer separator" is known (utility model patent No. 169536 dated 08.08.2016, Bull. No. 9 dated 03.22.2017). This device combines several cleaning processes - centrifugal separation, thin-layer settling, separation of light fractions in the form of foam and sorption cleaning in bulk granular compositions with continuous regeneration of the sorbent. We took this device as a prototype.

Prototype Disadvantages:

1. The combination of upflows at the top of the downflow thin-layer plates at the outlet of the hydrocyclones creates a mixing of the flows and the cleaning quality is reduced.

2. The sorbent regeneration device in a rotating annular drum is made with a gearbox that provides a constant drum rotation speed, without taking into account the initial concentration of pollutants, and depending on this, the sorption intensity and regeneration time change significantly.

The technical result consists in eliminating the noted shortcomings and improving the quality of cleaning, and a centrifugal flotation separator device is proposed.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the centrifugal flotation separator for sewage treatment from suspended solids, containing a cylindrical-conical body with nozzles for tangential supply of waste water, water removal after cleaning, coaxially arranged one below the other cylindrical-conical hydrocyclones, a foam collector and an annular drum filled with sorbent backfill driven from an external source, has inside the housing above each hydrocyclone there is an annular bubbling device for supplying flotation agent in the upper part of the housing there is a tapering conical zone, above which there is a foam collector with pneumatic sludge removal, and in the lower part of the housing there is a discharge channel, under which there is an annular drum with a vertical axis of rotation, filled with a sorption backfill, located with the condition of water flowing after preliminary cleaning from the body through the sorption backfill and the presence of a branch pipe for supplying a regenerating composition, moreover, the rotation of the annular drum is performed from an external source and the rotation speed of the annular drum is controlled through a gearbox and variator, made in the form of two cones with an intermediate roller link, moving along the axis with calibration markings.

The proposed device is shown in Fig. 1 - centrifugal flotation separator - general view;

Fig. 2 - flotation machine;

Fig. 3 - cone variator;

Fig. 4 - variator control unit;

Fig. 5 - adjusting ruler.

The centrifugal flotation separator is a cylindrical-conical body 1, inside which several hydrocyclones 8 are coaxially located on top of each other, into which the source contaminated wastewater is tangentially supplied through the line 2, through the control valves 3. Below the water inlet level, in the tapering part of the hydrocyclones 8, flotation units 9 are located, consisting of a surrounded pipeline 27 and radial pipelines 28 having perforations. In the lower part of the body 1 there is a sludge discharge pipe 12, where the sludge comes from the pipes 11 of each hydrocyclone 8. All the sludge discharged through the pipe 12 enters the sludge receiver 13.

In the lower part of the body 1 there is a water outlet pipe 41. In the upper part of the body 1 there is a conical part 4, above which there is a flotation foam collection chamber 6, equipped with an air supply pipe 7 for blowing foam and a foam removal device 5. An annular drum is installed under the body 1 15, with a vertical axis of rotation around the central shaft 19. The drum 15 has an annular cavity, closed from above and below by non-failing meshes 16, inside the annular cavity there are granules of bulk sorbent 17. The drum 15 is located so that the water jet flowing from the outlet pipe 41 passes through a layer of bulk sorbent 17 and discharged through the purified water outlet pipe 26. In the other part of the drum 15, above the bulk sorbent 17, there is a regenerating agent supply pipe 14 and a regenerating agent outlet pipe 18 is located coaxially under it.

The rotation of the drum 15 is carried out by the central shaft 19, which is installed in the nodes of rotation 25. The torque is transmitted to the shaft 19 from the electric motor 20, through the gearbox 21, the variator 22 and the bevel gears 23 (driving) and 24 (driven). The presence of the gearbox 21 and the variator 22 is due to the fact that the gearbox 21 discretely steps down the high number of revolutions of the motor shaft, and the variator 22 allows you to adjust the number of revolutions, depending on the parameters and characteristics of the pollutants in the wastewater. The variator 22 is a mechanism for the interaction of two conical bodies - a leading cone 29 and a driven cone 35 through an intermediate satellite roller 36. The cones are located on the shafts 30 (leading cone) and 33 (driven cone), which rotate in rotation nodes 25. The cones have restrictive sides 34. The satellite roller 36 is located on the sleeve 31, which can rotate freely on the intermediate shaft 32 and has the ability to limit movement along the shaft 32. The movement of the sleeve 31 along the shaft 32 is carried out by rotating the adjusting gear wheel 38 and moving the gear rack 37 located on the sleeve 31. The necessary movement of the rack 37, and hence the sleeve 31 together with the satellite roller 36 is controlled by the index arrow 40, but moving along with the gear rack 37 along the measuring scale 39. The necessary movement of the sleeve 31 together with the roller 36 is carried out according to pre-established experimental paths of the dependence L = f (C _i ), where L is the value of the displacement level on the measuring ruler, C _i is the initial concentration of pollutants.

The proposed centrifugal flotation separator works as follows:

, который необходимо очищать, вид и содержание загрязняющих веществ

. На основании экспериментов определяют зависимости C_i = f(t) По этим зависимостям выбирая определенный запас до насыщения С_нас, не доводя до «проскока» (запас 10%-15%), устанавливают предельное значение С_{предельн.} и определяют необходимое число оборотов

. Настройка вариатора осуществляется по зависимости:

(Фиг. 3), а потом по графику (Фиг. 5 и Фиг. 6 выбирают необходимое значение)The initial waste water is supplied to the housing 1 through the line 2 through the control valves 3 and enters the hydrocyclones 8 through the tangential holes. In hydrocyclones 8, water acquires rotational motion and, under the action of centrifugal forces, large particles of pollutants are thrown to the walls of hydrocyclones 8 and, thickening in the form of sludge, slide along the sludge discharge pipes 11 into the common pipe 12 and are discharged into the sludge receiver 13. Medium and small particles of pollutants substances, as well as oils, cutting fluids (coolants), surface-active substances (surfactants), which are weakly affected by centrifugal force, are collected closer to the central part of the hydrocyclones, exit from the upper open part of the hydrocyclones 8 and enter the flotation zone. Through the nozzles for supplying the flotation agent (air) 10, simultaneously with the supply of waste water, the air supply to the flotators 9 begins. Together with them, pollutants with a specific gravity lighter than water rise - oils, coolants, surfactants. The rising flotation foam in the tapered part of the housing 4 is compacted and enters the flotation foam collection chamber 6, from where it is removed by blowing air through the air inlet 7 in the foam removal device 5. The remaining pollutants that have not undergone the flotation process are the smallest components, dissolved organic substances (phenols, aromatic nitro compounds, dyes, surfactants, etc.) with the bulk of the water are drained from the housing 1 through the water outlet pipe 41 and enter the annular drum 15, where granules of bulk sorbent 17 are located between the layers of non-failure meshes 16. Water passing through a layer of sorbent granules 17 is cleared of contaminants contained in it due to their absorption by the sorbent. Purified water is discharged through a branch pipe to 26 consumers. After some time, the sorbent layer 17, through which water flows, will exhaust its sorption capacity, and a “leakage” may occur when the water passes through the sorbent layer unpurified. To avoid "leakage", it is necessary to bring a fresh portion of the sorbent into the zone of water flow through the pipe 41 instead of the used one, which has exhausted the sorption capacity. This is achieved by turning the drum 15. If you continuously rotate the drum at a certain speed, then under the stream of water flowing from the pipe 41 there will always be a fresh layer of sorbent. The spent sorbent layer, when the drum rotates, will not fall into the regeneration zone, where a regenerating agent is supplied from the nozzle 14. The regenerative composition can be hot water, steam, a solvent or a chemical solution, which is selected based on the type of specific pollutant. The regenerating agent flows through the layer of the used sorbent, purifies it, restoring its original properties and, having fulfilled its functions, drains through the pipe 18. The drum 15 is rotated by an external drive 20 - an electric motor, through a gearbox 21 and a variator 22. The gearbox 21 lowers the high speed of the electric motor 20, and the variator 22 allows you to adjust the number of revolutions of the drum 15 depending on the flow rate of the treated water and the concentration and characteristics of pollutants. The regulation of the proposed separator is carried out in the following sequence. Based on the analysis of the scale and nature of wastewater generation of a particular technological process, the total wastewater consumption is determined

to be cleaned, type and content of contaminants

. Dependences C _i = f(t) are determined on the basis of experiments. According to these dependencies, choosing a certain margin to saturation C _us , without leading to a "breakthrough" (margin of 10% -15%), set the limit value C _limit. and determine the required number of revolutions

. The variator is configured according to the dependence:

(Fig. 3), and then according to the schedule (Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 select the desired value)

Thus, using the proposed device for industrial wastewater treatment and adjusting the necessary parameters of the treatment mode, a high degree of purification is provided.

Claims (1)

Centrifugal flotation separator for sewage treatment from suspended solids, containing a cylindrical-conical body with branch pipes for tangential supply of waste water, water removal after treatment, cylindrical-conical hydrocyclones arranged one below the other coaxially, a foam collector and an annular drum filled with sorbent filling, driven from an external source, inside the housing in the tapering part of the hydrocyclones there is an annular bubbling device for supplying a flotation agent, in the upper part of the housing there is a tapering conical zone, above which there is a foam collector with pneumatic sludge removal, and in the lower part of the housing there is a discharge channel, under which there is an annular drum with a vertical axis of rotation , filled with sorption backfill, located with the condition of water flowing after preliminary cleaning from the body through the sorption backfill, and the presence of a branch pipe for supplying the regenerating composition, as well as driven from an external source, and the rotation speed of the annular drum is controlled through a gearbox and a variator, which is made in the form two cones with an intermediate roller link moving along the axis with calibration markings.

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