RU2796044C1 - Wind generator and method to control it - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: wind energy.

SUBSTANCE: wind generator contains a vertical support in which the shaft of a flat frame rotates, in the bearings of which vertical shafts with rotors arranged in a row rotate. The frame is equipped with fairings that direct wind flows to the rotor blades, and shields that protect the rotors from side wind. The rotation of the rotors is synchronized and transmitted through the gearbox to the generator. The frame is rotated using a reversible electric motor according to signals from the control unit, depending on the speed and direction of the wind and on the voltage at the generator output. The frame is rotated along the wind or across the direction of the wind, if, respectively, the specified voltage is greater or less than the voltage at the output of the generator. During a storm, the frame with the rotors is rotated along the direction of the wind, fairings and side shields protect the rotor blades from the wind, and the rotation of the rotors practically stops. The wind generator can be equipped with rotors with fixed or rotary blades, the slope of which is regulated by guides, and rotors with canvas blades stretched between the outer and inner rotors with offset parallel axes of rotation can also be installed.

EFFECT: increase of efficiency and stability of the wind generator and protection of the generator during a storm.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

State of the art

From the existing prior art, a carousel wind turbine is known (Patent RU 2 426 005 C1), containing an impeller mounted on a vertical shaft, made in the form of rotary blades placed between the upper and lower rims, mounted on brackets associated with a shaft articulated with an electric generator, characterized in that that the blades are cantilevered on the rotary shafts, and the blade shafts are installed between the upper and lower brackets and fixed in plain bearings, while the lower support bearing has a ball bearing, the width of the rotary blade is greater than the distance between the axes of the shafts, which serve as limiters for the rotation of the blades, the vertical shaft the impeller is made hollow and fixed on the axis with rolling bearings, the axis is fixed on a fixed base and serves as a support for the wind turbine.

The wind turbine has the following disadvantages: in the well-known carousel wind turbine, the blades under the action of the wind are independently installed in the right direction, however, the blades during free movement as a result of gusts and eddies of the wind can oscillate randomly and hit the brackets. There is no adjustment of the rotor speed, in addition, the wind turbine is not protected from the storm.

From the existing prior art, a wind turbine is known (RF Patent 2008517 C1), containing a hollow vertical shaft mounted on a support and kinematically connected to the generator with

lower and upper crosses, rotary blades located between the latter on vertical axes, a device for turning the blades, a mechanism for orienting the blades with a vane device connected by current-collecting brushes to an electrical energy converter and with contact sectors fixed with a shift relative to each other by 90 ° and electrically connected with the first and second relays, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency, the vertical axes of the blades are installed with an offset relative to the longitudinal axes of symmetry of the blades, the vane device is made in the form of a wind wheel with a horizontal axis of rotation, kinematically connected to the electric energy converter, the device for turning the blades in the form of installed on the vertical axes of the blades of spring-loaded cam clutches and electromagnets, the rods of which are in contact with the clutches, and the windings are connected in parallel to the contacts of the first relay, electrically connected through current-collecting brushes and contact sectors with an electric energy converter, while the coil of the first relay is connected to the contacts of the second relay, connected to the generator with a variable resistor.

The wind turbine has the following disadvantages: the mechanism for turning the blades and the frame is complicated, since it contains additional wind wheels and auxiliary equipment. Part of the equipment is placed on top of the support, which makes it difficult to maintain. An unlocked blade will oscillate randomly when turned along with the wind. In a strong wind, the voltage at the generator output is not stable due to periodic acceleration and deceleration of the wind wheel. The blades are not protected from the storm.

The closest in essence to the claimed invention is a polywinder power complex for mainland purposes (Patent RU 2504686 C1), consisting of a carrier mast, on top of which there is a rotary assembly with radially and oppositely directed traverses

of equal length, characterized in that at least two identical support grids are installed on the mentioned traverses, in equal cells of which there are windrotors with the same weight and size data, their orthogonal turbines are combined into blocks on vertical shafts that transmit rotation through 1-2-stage multipliers; gratings converge symmetrically to the mast in vertical planes at an acute angle, their centers of gravity assemblies with windrotors are balanced relative to the axis of rotation of the swivel assembly. The energy complex is characterized in that in one of the horizontal tiers of the support grids, from the axis of their vertical symmetry and to the leeward side, flat orienting elements are installed protruding beyond the contour of the base structure.

The polyvindrotor power complex has the following disadvantages: the support grids with turbines are placed at an acute angle to the wind, as a result of which the area of the used wind flow is less than the total area of the traverses with turbines. The wind flow weakens after the first and subsequent turbines. The movement of the blades of two adjacent turbines are opposite, which also reduces the wind speed in the working area of the turbine. A windrotor turbine blade moving against the wind experiences a decelerating counteraction from the wind. All this reduces the efficiency of using wind energy washing the turbines. In addition, the multiplier connected to the generator is contained in each block, which also complicates the design of the power complex.

In the study of the distinctive features of analogues of the invention, no solutions have been identified that make it possible to simply maintain the stability of the generator, to carry out efficient operation of the wind generator and to protect the rotor from storms with a fairly simple design of the wind generator.

Essence

The task to be solved by the claimed invention is the development of a wind generator and a method for its control, which make it possible to simply maintain the stability of the voltage at the output of the generator, make the most of the wind energy and protect the rotor from the storm.

The technical result to which the claimed invention is directed is achieved due to the fact that a wind generator containing a support, wind generator rotors with blades, a frame, characterized in that it additionally contains a gearbox, the output of which is connected to the generator input, and the input through the gear system is connected to the shafts rotors located on a flat frame; a reversible electric motor, preferably mounted on the frame, through a worm-gear transmission connected to the support, the input of which is connected to the output of the control unit, the inputs of which are connected to the generator outputs and wind direction and force sensors; shields located on the sides of the frame, in front of the extreme turbines; fairings located on the windward and leeward sides of the rotors, moreover, the rotors contain rotary blades covered by guides fixed on the frame; necessary for the passage of the blade pressed against the rotor.

The technical result to which the claimed invention is directed is achieved due to the fact that according to another version of the wind generator, characterized in that flexible material, preferably canvas, is used as rotary blades on the rotor, the rotor axis is made in the form of a crankshaft mounted on a frame, on connecting rods. the first rotor rotates on the crankshaft journals, the second rotor rotates on the main journals of the crankshaft, the diameter of which is greater than the diameter of the first rotor by a height

the open blade and the height of the blade pressed against the rotor; a strip of canvas is attached to a freely rotating sleeve on the side rod of one of the rotors, the second end of which is attached to the sleeve on the rod of the other rotor, and this sleeve can be connected to the rotor rod by a spiral spring or wheels can be fixed on the sleeve, which roll in the closing zone of the blade along the guides.

The essence of the invention is illustrated in the drawings of a wind turbine with a vertical axis of rotation, which are given as examples to explain the operation of the wind generator.

In FIG. 1 shows a kinematic diagram of a wind generator containing rotors with guides, side view.

Figure 2 shows a kinematic diagram of a wind generator containing rotors with guides, fairings and shields, top view.

In FIG. 3 shows a diagram of a rotor with canvas blades, side view.

The wind generator contains a fixed vertical support 1, inside which the shaft 2 of the flat frame 3 rotates, in the bearings 4 of which the rotors 5 installed in a row with blades 6 rotate, the rotation of which is synchronized by means of an intermediate shaft 7 and gears 8. The shaft of one of the rotors 5 is connected through a gearbox 9 to the input of generator 10, the output of which is connected to consumers through current collectors (not shown in the diagram). The frame 3 is rotated by means of a reversible motor 11, fixed on the frame 3 and connected to the support 1 through, preferably, a worm-gear pair 12. The control signals to the reversible motor 11 come from the control unit 13, the inputs of which are connected to the output of the generator 10 and the outputs of the speed sensors wind and his

directions (not shown in the diagram). Fairings 14 are installed on the frame, directing air flows to the blades 6 of the rotors 5, and shields 15, covering the rotors 5 from side wind. The rotor 5 contains rotary blades 6, covered by guides 16 fixed on the frame, in the working area of the rotor the guides 16 are spaced from the surface of the rotor 5 by the maximum opening of the blade 6, and in the zone of movement of the blades against the wind the guides 16 are spaced from the rotor at a distance necessary for passage blade pressed against the rotor.

The wind generator works as follows:

The control unit 13 outputs control signals to the reversible motor 11, depending on the sign of the difference between the specified voltage and the voltage at the output of the generator 10. According to these signals, the frame 3 is rotated in the direction in which this signal difference decreases. When the frame 3 is rotated across the direction of the wind, the revolutions of the rotors 5 increase. When the frame 3 rotates along the direction of the wind, the air flow to the rotors 5 decreases and the voltage at the output of the generator 10 also decreases. When the frame 3 is installed along the wind flow, the envelopes 14 and side shields 15 cover the rotors 5 from the wind, the rotation of the rotors practically stops and the voltage at the output of the generator 10 decreases to zero.

Alternatively, a flexible material, preferably canvas, is used as the rotary blades 17 on the rotor, the rotor axis is made in the form of a crankshaft 18 fixed on the frame 3. The first rotor 20 rotates on the connecting rod journals 19 of the crankshaft 18, the second rotor 21 rotates on the main journals of the crankshaft, the diameter of which is greater than the diameter of the first rotor 20 by the height of the open blade 17 and the height of the blade pressed against the rotor. A strip of canvas is attached to the freely rotating sleeve 22 on the side rod of one of the rotors, the second end of which is attached to the sleeve 22 on the rod of the other rotor, and the sleeve on the first rotor or on the second rotor can be connected to the rotor rod by a spiral spring (not shown in the diagram) or wheels (not shown in the diagram) can be fixed on the hub, which roll along fixed guides (not shown in the diagram) in the closing zone of the blade, winding canvas around the hub.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention with obtaining the specified result for the proposed wind generator:

with a relatively large number of rotors on the frame, the lateral load on the frame axle and on the support can be reduced by installing racks with wheels on two or three sides of the frame. In this case, the frame can be rotated using a reversible electric motor mounted on the wheel axle of one of the racks. Opposite rotation of adjacent rotors in a row allows more efficient use of wind energy, since the blades of adjacent rotors move in the same direction. The use of a reversible electric motor to rotate the frame instead of the keel makes it possible to reduce the load on the frame shaft, allows the frame to turn more smoothly following a chaotic change in wind direction, and makes the design of the wind generator more compact. The mechanisms that orient the frame to the wind are quite simple and compact in design, so they can be placed in the accessible lower part of the frame and hermetically packed.

The use of guides for turning the blades on the rotor at a certain angle when moving them in a circle makes it possible to reduce the resistance of air to the rotation of the rotor, to reduce the vibration of the rotor blades caused by changes in the strength and direction of the wind. At the ends of the blades sliding along the inner surface of the guides, spring-loaded rollers should preferably be fixed. The use of guides, benders and counter-rotation of adjacent rotors increase the wind energy efficiency of both windrotors and rotary-blade rotors. Flexible, eg canvas, blades may be used when relatively long blade lengths are preferred. The durability of the canvas can be increased by attaching its side edges to the straps.

Information sources

1. Patent RU2426 005 C1, Carousel wind turbine, IPC F03D 3/06, F03D 11/04.

2. RF patent 2008517 C1, Wind turbine, IPC F03D 5/02.

3. Patent RU 2504686 C1, Polyvindrotor power complex for mainland purposes, IPC F 03D 3/02.

Claims (3)

1. A wind generator containing a support, wind generator rotors with blades, a frame, characterized in that it additionally contains a gearbox, the output of which is connected to the generator input, and the input through the gear system is connected to the rotor shafts located on a flat frame; a reversible electric motor, preferably mounted on the frame and connected to the support through a worm-gear transmission, the input of which is connected to the output of the control unit, the inputs of which are connected to the output of the generator and the outputs of the direction and wind force sensors; shields located on the sides of the frame, in front of the extreme turbines; fairings located on the windward and leeward sides of the rotors, moreover, the rotors contain rotary blades covered by guides fixed on the frame, in the working area of the rotor the guides are separated from the rotor surface by the maximum opening of the blade, and in the zone of movement of the blades against the wind the guides are separated from the rotor at a distance necessary for the passage of the blade pressed against the rotor. 2. The wind generator according to claim 1, characterized in that flexible material is used as rotary blades on the rotor, the rotor axis is made in the form of a crankshaft fixed on the frame, the first rotor rotates on the connecting rod journals of the crankshaft, the second rotor rotates on the main journals of the crankshaft, diameter which is greater than the diameter of the first rotor by the height of the open blade and the height of the blade pressed against the rotor; a strip of canvas is attached to a freely rotating sleeve on the side rod of one of the rotors, the second end of which is attached to the sleeve on the rod of the other rotor, and this sleeve can be connected to the rotor rod by a spiral spring or wheels can be fixed on the sleeve, which roll in the closing zone of the blade along the guides. 3. The wind generator control method according to claim 1, characterized in that the voltage at the generator output is regulated by the control unit, which issues control signals to the reversible electric motor, depending on the sign of the difference between the specified voltage and the voltage at the generator output, according to these signals, the frame is rotated in the direction in which this signal difference decreases, moreover, when turning the frame with rotors containing rotary blades covered by guides fixed on the frame, spaced in the working area of the rotor from the rotor surface by the maximum opening of the blade, and in the zone of movement of the blades against the wind at a distance necessary for the passage of the blade pressed against the rotor, across the wind direction, the rotor speed increases, and when the frame is rotated along the wind direction, the air flow to the rotors decreases, and the voltage at the generator output also decreases; when the frame is installed along the wind flow, the envelopes located on the windward and lee sides of the rotors, and side shields located on the sides of the frame, in front of the extreme turbines, cover the rotors from the wind, the rotation of the rotors practically stops, and the voltage at the generator output decreases to zero.

Images