RU2795253C1 - Mixing system for fire extinguishing unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire extinguishing installations.

SUBSTANCE: system produces mixture of extinguishing agent and an additive to an extinguishing agent, containing an engine (1) driven by the flow of the extinguishing agent, having an inlet (3) for supplying the extinguishing agent to the engine (1), an outlet (4) for collecting extinguishing agent from the engine (1) and an output shaft driven by the engine (1), a metering pump (20) for supplying an extinguishing agent additive, the addition pipeline having a first end on the engine side and a second outlet end, and the end on the side of the engine is fluidly connected to the outlet (4) of the engine (1), an extinguishing agent supply pipeline having the first end on the pump side and the second end on the addition pipeline side, while the engine (1) is a rotary engine in which the rotor (9) is mounted so that during rotation it comes into contact with the outer wall (11) of the working chamber (10) of the engine (1), while the outer wall of the working chamber (10) in the cross section, perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor (9), in some areas has the shape of a logarithmic spiral.

EFFECT: operation of the engine becomes smoother.

7 cl, 2 dwg

Description

Priority application DE 20 2019 004 525.2 is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

The present invention relates to an addition system for a fire extinguisher. A fire-extinguishing apparatus in the context of the present invention is an apparatus comprising a pump, a piping system and a foaming agent addition system, with which, in particular by means of nozzles, foam lances or foam generators, an extinguishing agent can be supplied. The fire extinguishing installation may be a fixed installation, such as, for example, a fire extinguishing installation in an oil storage facility with a fixed so-called monitor, ie a large jet nozzle, or a fixed sprinkler system in a building. However, it can also be a mobile installation on a vehicle or a rolling container.

In such fire extinguishing installations, water is usually used as an extinguishing agent. However, in many cases it is advantageous to foam the extinguishing agent prior to use to fight the fire so that the applied extinguishing agent forms a longer-lasting non-degradable coating, whereby the flame can be extinguished. To do this, usually, an additive is first introduced into the extinguishing agent, in this case, a foaming agent in a certain ratio. The mixture of extinguishing agent and extinguishing agent additive (so-called "Premix") is then foamed in the nozzle by air supply and released onto the flame to be extinguished. The volume ratio of the additive to the extinguishing agent and the extinguishing agent, the so-called addition rate, is usually between 0.5% and 6%.

Another extinguishing agent additive that can be added to the extinguishing agent is a wetting agent, or "wetting agent", which reduces the surface tension of the extinguishing agent, in particular extinguishing water. This is advantageous, for example, when fighting forest fires, since the extinguishing water can wet large surfaces, in particular the leaves of trees, and can therefore be used more efficiently. In addition, due to the reduced surface tension, the extinguishing water can penetrate deeper into the soil in order to extinguish, for example, deeper-lying incandescent fires.

There are also extinguishing agents that can be used as wetting agents (in this case, if necessary, with a different addition rate, in particular with a minimum addition rate of 0.1%).

The invention will now be described, in part, with water as an extinguishing agent and a foaming agent as an extinguishing agent additive. However, this should not be seen as a limitation. The invention can be equally applied by adding any additives to any extinguishing agent.

For operation of the fire extinguishing system with the addition system, both the extinguishing agent and the extinguishing agent additive may be provided in the extinguishing agent reservoir or the extinguishing agent additive reservoir, or fed through the extinguishing agent supply line or the extinguishing agent additive supply pipeline. In the case of providing an extinguishing agent in an extinguishing agent reservoir, an extinguishing agent pump is also required to move the extinguishing agent out of the extinguishing agent reservoir and pressurize it into the addition system. However, these components just mentioned are not part of the addition system itself.

The mixture of extinguishing agent to be formed and the extinguishing agent additive, i.e. the premix, in the case of a foaming agent as an extinguishing agent additive, is then directed in the form of a premix stream through a foaming nozzle, into which ambient air is sucked in by the premix stream and mixed with the premix. Due to this, the foaming agent is activated in the premix and foams the premix, thus a foamed extinguishing agent comes out of the foaming nozzle, which can be fired onto the flame.

The air required for foaming the extinguishing agent can also be supplied to the premix in the form of compressed air. An installation where foam is produced using compressed air is called a CAFS installation (Compressed Air Foam System, compression foam supply system).

Although it is possible to make the premix in advance, regardless of the fire extinguisher, in this case it may have to be stored for a longer time. Therefore, in many cases it is more advantageous to create a premix only immediately before the release of the extinguishing agent on the flame to be extinguished. To this end, the addition system includes a metering pump by which the extinguishing agent additive is supplied and introduced into the extinguishing agent.

In the addition system considered in accordance with the present invention, the metering pump is driven by a motor, which in turn is itself driven by the flow of the extinguishing agent.

Thus, in the above non-limiting example of the application of the invention, the addition system includes a water engine that is driven by the flow of extinguishing water. To this end, the output shaft of the water motor is connected to the input shaft of the dosing pump, for example by means of a coupling.

The extinguishing agent additive supplied by the dosing pump through the extinguishing agent additive pipeline from the dosing pump enters the addition pipeline and is mixed there with the extinguishing agent flow, forming a premix.

Such a design of the addition system, in which the dosing pump is driven by the extinguishing agent flow already present, has the advantage that the operation of the dosing pump does not require an external power supply, in particular electrical power, so that the addition system is trouble-free. In addition, the performance of the metering pump is essentially proportional to the engine speed, which, in turn, is proportional to the flow rate of the extinguishing agent. In this way, a substantially constant addition rate is achieved automatically without additional control or adjustment devices.

In the addition system for the fire extinguishing system of the above construction, there is a problem that the components of the addition system vibrate during operation, thereby experiencing mechanical stress, which in extreme cases leads to cracks and associated leaks. As a result, the operational reliability of the addition system is reduced.

In addition, such an addition system has the problem that certain operating media, in particular highly viscous extinguishing agent additives, cause high flow resistance in the components of the addition system. This results in the media having to be supplied under high pressure in order to overcome the specified flow resistance, which in turn increases the load on the components of the addition system and therefore adversely affects the operational reliability of the addition system. At the same time, high flow resistance reduces the efficiency of the addition system.

In addition, such an addition system has the problem that individual components, in particular the dosing pump, may be subjected to unacceptably high pressure from the extinguishing agent, extinguishing agent additive and/or premix, which may be damaged or even destroyed. . This also negatively affects the operational reliability of the addition system.

The invention is based on the task of increasing the operational reliability of the addition system for a fire extinguishing installation of the design described above.

This problem is solved by means of the addition system according to one of paragraphs 1-4 of the claims.

The invention proceeds from an addition system for a fire extinguishing system for adding an extinguishing agent additive, in particular a foaming agent, to an extinguishing agent, in particular water.

The addition system includes an engine driven by the flow of extinguishing agent, in particular a water engine, with an inlet for supplying extinguishing agent to the engine, in particular from an extinguishing agent reservoir or an extinguishing agent supply pipeline, an outlet for withdrawing extinguishing agent from the engine and an output shaft, driven by the engine.

The addition system also includes a metering pump for supplying the extinguishing agent additive, in particular a piston pump with an input shaft that is connected to the engine output shaft, an inlet for supplying the extinguishing agent additive, in particular from the extinguishing agent additive tank or the additive supply line. to the extinguishing agent, and an outlet for diverting the additive to the extinguishing agent.

The addition system also includes an addition conduit with a first engine-side end and a second, exhaust end, the engine-side end being fluidly connected to the engine outlet.

In addition, the addition system includes an extinguishing agent additive pipeline with a first end on the pump side and a second end on the side of the addition pipeline, wherein the end on the pump side is fluidly connected to the outlet of the metering pump, and the end on the side of the addition pipeline is fluidly connected with an addition pipeline at the point of addition.

According to a first aspect of the invention, the engine is a rotary engine in which the rotor is rotatably mounted such that, as it rotates, it is at least temporarily in contact with the outer wall of the engine's working chamber.

In this case, according to the invention, the outer wall of the working chamber in a cross section perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor, at least partially, is essentially in the form of a logarithmic spiral.

The rotary engine is preferably a water engine operating according to the displacement principle, in which the rotor is made of several parts and includes a rotor housing, as well as a plurality of radially displaceable blades (so-called blades). Due to the radial displacement of the blade, each revolution of the engine reciprocates the blade at a high frequency. In conventional water engines, this can result in vibration and noisy operation of the water engine. As a result, the water motor can be subjected to mechanical stress, which adversely affects its service life and operational reliability.

It has been shown that the operation of a water engine can be quieter if the radially outer ends of the blades, at least partially, when moving, describe a trajectory in the form of a logarithmic spiral. A logarithmic spiral in the usual mathematical sense is a spiral in which the distance from the center on each revolution of the spiral changes with the same coefficient. The logarithmic spiral can be described in polar coordinates by the equation

where φ means the rotation angle of a point on the helix, and r(φ) means the corresponding point radius. In addition, the parameter k means the pitch of the helix, and a means the scaling factor.

Since the trajectory of the radially outer ends of the blade is determined by contact with the outer wall of the working chamber of the water engine according to the invention, the cross section of the working chamber, perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor, is at least partially made essentially in the form of a logarithmic spiral.

Thus, due to the lower mechanical stress on the water motor, the operational reliability of the addition system is increased.

According to a second aspect of the invention, the engine is a rotary engine in which the rotor is rotatably mounted in a drain housing.

According to the invention, the wall of the drainage housing includes at least one, in particular at least one, located essentially in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor, through slotted opening, designed for the inlet of the extinguishing agent into the drainage housing and/or for the release of the extinguishing agent from drainage housing.

In order for the extinguishing agent to be able to enter the drain housing, set the rotor in motion there and exit the drain housing again, the wall of the drain housing must not be closed, on the contrary, it must have at least one opening through which the extinguishing agent can pass.

For this, the invention provides for the presence of at least one through slotted hole in the wall of the drainage housing. Preferably, it is located essentially in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor, so that the extinguishing agent experiences as little resistance as possible to the flow. In addition, two, three or more through slots, in particular a plurality of through slots, are preferably arranged in the wall of the drain housing.

In this case, the through slot should be understood in the usual sense as an elongated, in particular straight hole, which passes through the surface, in this case, the wall of the drainage housing and, thus, is an opening connecting one side of the surface to the other side of the surface.

The through slotted hole in the wall of the drain housing, in particular, has less resistance to the flow of the extinguishing agent than, for example, through boring holes in the wall of the drain housing used in conventional engines with the considered design.

The presence of a through slotted hole in the wall of the drainage housing makes it possible to reduce the pressure loss of the extinguishing agent during the operation of the engine and the wear of the engine. In this way, the operational reliability of the addition system is also increased.

According to a third aspect of the invention, the metering pump is a piston pump.

According to the invention, the inlet of the metering pump is located in the metering pump in such a way that the extinguishing agent additive can enter the metering pump essentially parallel to the direction of movement of at least one, preferably all, of the metering pump pistons.

Thanks to this design feature, in particular in the case of additives to a high viscosity extinguishing agent, improved suction properties are achieved compared to conventional angular and often sharp-edged connecting elements at the inlet of the dosing pump. In particular, at the inlet to the dosing pump, the extinguishing agent additive must not be diverted until it enters the cylinder belonging to the piston. This significantly reduces the flow resistance to which the extinguishing agent additive is subjected at the inlet of the dosing pump and the resulting pressure loss. Thus, the operational reliability and efficiency of the addition system is increased.

According to a fourth aspect of the invention, the metering pump includes an unloading valve, in particular integrated into the pump cover. As a result, the dosing pump is protected from too high pressure of the extinguishing agent additive, which can occur, for example, due to incorrect delivery of the extinguishing agent additive from the reservoir or from the extinguishing agent supply line. By integrating the unloader valve into the metering pump, the space occupied by the addition system is also reduced, in particular compared to the location of the unloader valve outside the metering pump.

Other advantages, features and applications of the present invention will appear from the following description with reference to the figures. The figures show:

Fig. 1: a schematic diagram of a water engine according to the invention of the addition system in a cross section perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor of the water engine;

Fig. 2: schematic cross-section through a dosing pump according to the invention of the addition system.

The water pump 1 of the addition system according to the first and second aspects of the invention in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is a rotary engine operating according to the displacement principle. The water engine 1 includes a housing 2 with a through hole that connects the inlet 3 to the working chamber 10 and the outlet 4. Thus, the extinguishing water can flow through the water engine 1 from its inlet 3 through the working chamber 10 towards the outlet 4.

Between the inlet 3 and the outlet 4, a tubular drainage case 5 is fixed relative to the housing 2, having the shape of a cylinder on the outside. The axis of the cylinder runs perpendicular to the direction of flow in the water engine 1 (in Fig. 1 - perpendicular to the plane of the sheet). Through slot holes 12, 13 are located in the wall of the drainage housing 5, through which water for extinguishing passes.

In the inner space of the drainage housing 5 is a rotor 9 with a cylindrical housing 8 of the rotor, mounted for rotation around the axis of rotation. The axis of rotation of the rotor 9 runs parallel to the axis of the drainage housing 5, however, is offset relative to it so that the rotor 9 is located in the drainage housing 5 eccentrically.

The sickle-shaped hollow space remaining between the outer wall of the rotor housing 8 and the inner wall 11 of the drainage housing 5 forms the working chamber 10 of the water engine 1. In particular, the outer wall of the rotor housing 8 forms the inner wall of the working chamber 10, and the inner wall 11 of the drainage housing 5 forms the outer wall of the working chamber 10. In the area where the outer wall of the housing 8 of the rotor touches the inner wall 11 of the drainage housing 5, the inner wall 11 of the drainage housing 5 in cross section slightly protrudes radially outward in the form of an arc of a circle (in Fig. 1 at the upper edge of the housing 8 rotor).

In addition, the rotor 9 is provided with two crescent-shaped blades 6, 7, which are inserted into radial slots in the rotor housing 8. The blades 6, 7 can be displaced radially inside the rotor housing 8 and protrude from it radially outward. In addition, in the middle part of the blades 6, 7, respectively, are provided with grooves (not shown), due to which they do not interfere with each other at the point of intersection on the axis of rotation of the rotor 9.

The radial extension of the blades 6, 7 is calculated so that each blade 6, 7 at both ends almost touches the inner wall 11 of the drainage housing 5, while the blades 6, 7 still move freely when the rotor 9 rotates. When the rotor rotates due to the eccentric location of the rotor 9 in the working chamber 10, the blades 6, 7 perform periodic reciprocating motion. When this blades 6, 7 form in the working chamber 10 with the outer wall of the housing 8 of the rotor and the inner wall 11 of the drainage housing 5 cavities of different volumes.

When the extinguishing water flows through the water motor 1, the rotor 9 is driven by the extinguishing water into rotation. In this way, the output shaft (not shown) of the water motor 1 connected to the rotor 9 is also rotated, driving the metering pump.

It has been shown that the water engine 1 is noisy when the inner side 11 of the drain body 5 - with the exception of the outward bend described above - is also cylindrical. In this case, it is precisely the sharp, axially located edges formed at the transition between the cylindrical shape and the indicated outward bend that cause an impact with each slip of the end of the blade 6, 7. In particular, at a high number of revolutions of the water engine 1, these impacts cause vibration and noise during the operation of the water engine 1.

The inner side 11 of the drainage body 5 in separate sections, which in FIG. 1 are shown by a dashed line, made in the form of a logarithmic spiral. In this way, said sharp edges on the inner side 11 of the drain body 5 are eliminated, and, consequently, collisions with the ends of the blades 6, 7 are avoided, so that the operation of the water engine 1 becomes much smoother.

In FIG. 2 shows a metering pump 20 of an addition system according to a third aspect of the invention. The metering pump 20 is in the form of a piston pump with pistons 24 25, 26 which move up and down parallel to each other in the direction of the double-sided arrows 27, 28, 29 in the corresponding cylinder (not shown) of the metering pump 20. The pistons 24 25, 26 and the respective cylinders located in the housing 21 of the dosing pump 20.

The dosing pump 20 has an inlet 22 through which an extinguishing agent additive can be fed into it. In this case, the supply of the additive to the extinguishing agent occurs in the direction of the arrow 23, therefore, parallel to the direction 27, 28, 29 of the movement of the pistons 24, 25, 26.

In this way, it is ensured that the extinguishing agent additive does not deviate from entering the metering pump via inlet 22 to entering the cylinder, whereby the extinguishing agent additive experiences only a slight flow resistance. This contributes, in particular in the case of high-viscosity extinguishing agent additives, to an increase in the efficiency of the dosing pump 20 and thus of the entire addition system.

In FIG. 2 also shows a metering pump 20 of an addition system according to a fourth aspect of the invention. Downstream of the inlet 20 of the metering pump 20, but even before the cylinders with pistons 24, 25, 26, there is an unloading valve 30, which, at high pressure of the extinguishing agent additive entering the metering pump 20, closes and thus protects the metering pump 20 from damage. or even destruction. The unloading valve 30 is integrated into the housing 21 of the dosing pump, in particular its cover, so that no additional space is required for its placement.

List of items on the drawings

1 water engine

2 Water engine housing

3 Water engine inlet

4 Water engine release

5 Drain body

6, 7 Spatula

8 Rotor housing

9 Rotor

10 Working chamber

11 Inner wall of the drain housing

12, 13 Through slot

20 Dosing pump

21 Dosing pump housing

22 Dosing pump inlet

23 Receipt of the additive to the extinguishing agent

24, 25, 26 Pistons

27, 28, 29 Direction of movement of the pistons

30 Unloader valve

Claims (14)

1. Mixing system for fire extinguishing installations for obtaining a mixture of an extinguishing agent and an additive to an extinguishing agent by adding an additive to an extinguishing agent in an extinguishing agent, containing - engine (1) driven by the flow of extinguishing agent, having an inlet (3) for supplying extinguishing agent to the engine (1), an outlet (4) for diverting extinguishing agent from the engine (1) and an output shaft driven by the engine (1 ), - a dosing pump (20) for supplying an extinguishing agent additive, having an input shaft that is connected to the output shaft of the engine (1), an inlet (22) for supplying an extinguishing agent additive, and an outlet for withdrawing an extinguishing agent additive, - an addition pipeline having a first end on the engine side and a second outlet end, the end on the engine side being fluidly connected to the outlet (4) of the engine (1), - an extinguishing agent additive pipeline having a first end on the pump side and a second end on the addition pipeline side, wherein the pump-side end is fluidly connected to the outlet of the metering pump (20), and the addition pipeline-side end is fluidly connected to by the addition pipeline at the point of addition, - while the engine (1) is a rotary engine, in which the rotor (9) is installed with the possibility of rotation so that during rotation it comes into contact with the outer wall (11) of the working chamber (10) of the engine (1), characterized in that the outer wall of the working chamber (10) in the cross section, perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor (9), in some areas has the shape of a logarithmic spiral. 2. Mixing system for fire extinguishing installations according to claim 1, characterized in that the additive to the extinguishing agent is a foaming agent. 3. Mixing system for fire extinguishing installations according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the extinguishing agent is water. 4. Mixing system for fire extinguishing installations according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that the engine (1) is a water engine. 5. Mixing system for fire extinguishing installations according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that the inlet (3) of the engine (1) is designed to supply the extinguishing agent to the engine from the extinguishing agent reservoir or the extinguishing agent supply pipeline. 6. Mixing system for fire extinguishing installations according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, characterized in that the metering pump (20) is a piston pump. 7. Mixing system for fire extinguishing installations according to any one of paragraphs. 1-6, characterized in that the inlet (22) of the metering pump (20) is designed to supply the extinguishing agent additive from the extinguishing agent additive reservoir or the extinguishing agent additive supply line.

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