RU2794529C1 - Method for superhigh-frequency heat and non-heat treatment of raw materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food; construction; forestry; woodworking industries.

SUBSTANCE: microwave energy source converts the energy received from the 220 V, 50 Hz network into microwave energy, which enters the technological unit of the non-thermal microwave modification via the transmission line, where the first material is continuously processed, which is fed by the loading and unloading device, for example, it is passed through holes along the wide walls of a rectangular waveguide. Next, the microwave energy from the working chamber of the non-thermal microwave modification via the transmission line enters the process unit of the thermal microwave modification, where the second material is processed, which is fed by the loading and unloading device, for example, is placed on a pallet.

EFFECT: invention provides reduction of specific energy consumption per unit of processed material by means of simultaneous and continuous microwave thermal and non-thermal processing of various materials.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention is intended for food, construction, forestry and woodworking industries.

A known method of drying wood and installation for its implementation, which allows for better irradiation of wood and efficient removal of water from it (Patent for invention No. 2319088 RU, IPC F26B 8347, F26B 9/06, publ. 10.03.2008, bull. No. 7 ).

The disadvantage of this method is that only the wood laid on a pallet in the chamber is exposed to the microwave electromagnetic field, with the complexity of the installation design and high power consumption.

A known method and installation for drying wood, which allows the stacked stack of timber beams to be irradiated evenly throughout the volume through a horn antenna with rotating polarization (Patent for invention No. 2157490 RU, IPC F26B 9/06, F26B 3/347, publ. 10.10.2000 bul. 28).

The disadvantage of this method is the rather complicated design of the walls of the emitters and the working chamber in the form of honeycomb screens and high power consumption.

A known method of drying wood and installation for its implementation, which contains a drying chamber for placing in it a stack of lumber using dielectric spacers, microwave emitters connected to microwave generators using waveguides and matching devices to ensure the movement of microwave emitters along the guide paths along cameras. (Patent for invention No. 2228497 RU, IPC F26B 3/347, published on May 10, 2004, bull. 13).

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of the implementation, requiring the movement of the emitters along the stack.

A known method of modifying fibrous materials with inorganic salts in the field of microwave radiation, which leads to an increase in the intensity of its main stages. (Patent for invention No. 2441952 RU, IPC D06M 10 / 0.4, published on July 22, 2010, bull. No. 4).

The disadvantage of this method is that only fibrous material and high energy costs for its processing are exposed to the microwave electromagnetic field.

A known installation for non-thermal modification of polymers in a microwave electromagnetic field, in which non-thermal modification of the physical and mechanical properties of polymeric materials is carried out (Patent for invention No. 2702897 RU, IPC H05V 6/64, publ. 28.12.2018, bull. No. 29).

The disadvantage of the design of this installation is the possibility of processing only thin polymeric materials, the complexity of the process of modifying polymers in a microwave electromagnetic field.

A well-known design of a device for heat treatment of materials and products in an electromagnetic microwave field, which consists in the fact that the heat treatment object is pulled through narrow longitudinal slots, electromagnetic microwave waves are passed through the waveguide segments. This is achieved by the fact that electromagnetic microwave waves through the corresponding waveguide segments are passed simultaneously in the forward and reverse directions through the processing object with a changed polarization plane, reflected from the installed polarization transformers located at the ends of the respective waveguide segments.

The above device contains a microwave generator, at the output of which a waveguide-coaxial transition is installed, waveguide segments in which narrow longitudinal slots are made, a screen installed between the waveguide segments, ferrite valves installed at the input of the first and last waveguide segments, microwave energy traps on at the input of the first and at the output of the last waveguide segments, a power divider, waveguide transitions, polarization transformers, additional ferrite valves installed at the input of the waveguide segments from the second to the last, moreover, the waveguide segments are connected in parallel, their inputs through ferrite valves and waveguide transitions are connected to the corresponding outputs power divider, the input of which is connected to the output of the waveguide-coaxial transition, the outputs of the waveguide segments are connected to the corresponding polarization transformers (Patent for invention No. 2241318 RU, IPC H05V 6/64, publ. 27.11.2004, bull. No. 33).

The disadvantage of this method is its design complexity, the possibility of processing only thin dielectrics in an electromagnetic microwave field, which implies direct heating, rather than non-thermal modification of polymers with low dielectric losses.

The technical objective of the invention is to reduce the specific energy consumption per unit of processed material by simultaneous and continuous microwave heat and non-heat treatment of various materials.

The technical problem is achieved by the fact that in the method of microwave thermal and non-thermal processing of raw materials, which consists in processing materials in the field of microwave radiation, according to the invention, the first and second materials are processed simultaneously, and the first material is fed into the technological block of non-thermal microwave modification through holes along the wide walls of a rectangular waveguide, and the second material is placed on a pallet in the technological block of thermal microwave modification by means of a loading and unloading device.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to process various types of materials at the same energy costs, thereby significantly increasing energy and economic efficiency with simultaneous microwave and non-thermal processing than with their separate processing.

Simultaneous microwave thermal and non-thermal processing of materials reduces the specific energy consumption per unit of processed material, therefore, high economic efficiency makes the application of this method expedient.

The proposed method can be applied to microwave and non-thermal processing of, for example, lumber and polymer oils, grain and hay, milk in the stream and vegetables.

The method is carried out as follows.

The source of microwave energy 11 (drawing), consisting of a power supply 6 and a microwave generator 1, converts the energy received from the mains 220 V, 50 Hz into microwave energy, which enters the technological unit of non-thermal microwave modification 12 through the transmission line 2 into the non-thermal working chamber Microwave modification 3, where continuous processing of the first material is carried out, which is fed using the loading and unloading device 8, for example, is passed through holes along the wide walls of a rectangular waveguide. Next, the microwave energy from the working chamber of the non-thermal microwave modification 3 through the transmission line 4 enters the process unit of the thermal microwave modification 13, where the second material is processed in the working chamber of the thermal microwave modification 5, which is supplied by the loading and unloading device 10, for example, is placed on pallet. Both technological blocks of non-thermal and thermal microwave modifications 12 and 13 are combined into a hybrid-type working chamber 14.

With thermal microwave modification, all the microwave energy received in the technological block of thermal microwave modification 13 is spent on heat treatment of the dielectric.

The auxiliary equipment of the working chamber of the hybrid type 14, in addition to the loading and unloading devices 8 and 10, includes a control unit 7 and a blower or an air system 9 used in the process unit of the thermal microwave modification 13 to remove vapors from the working chamber of the thermal microwave modification 5.

Example 1. Microwave thermal and non-thermal processing of polymer oils and lumber.

Microwave energy from a microwave generator with a frequency of 2450 MHz enters the technological unit of non-thermal microwave modification, where polymer oils are processed, then microwave energy enters the technological unit of thermal microwave modification, in which lumber is processed.

Example 2. Microwave thermal and non-thermal processing of hay and grain.

Microwave energy from a microwave generator with a frequency of 2450 MHz enters the technological unit of non-thermal microwave modification, where grain is processed in a stream, then microwave energy enters the technological unit of thermal microwave modification, in which hay is processed.

Example 3. Microwave thermal and non-thermal processing of milk in the flow and vegetables.

Microwave energy from a microwave generator with a frequency of 2450 MHz enters the technological unit of non-thermal microwave modification, where milk is processed in a stream that is pumped by a pump in a glass flask passing through the wide walls of the waveguide, then microwave energy enters the technological unit of thermal microwave modification, in in which vegetables are processed.

As a result of simultaneous ultra-high-frequency thermal and non-thermal processing of raw materials (lumber and polymer oils, grain and hay, milk in the stream and vegetables), the specific energy consumption per unit of processed material is reduced, and high economic efficiency ensures the expediency of its use.

Claims (1)

A method for microwave thermal and non-thermal processing of raw materials, which consists in processing materials in a field of microwave radiation, characterized in that the first and second materials are processed simultaneously, and the first material is fed into the technological block of non-thermal microwave modification through holes along the wide walls of a rectangular waveguide, and the second material placed on a pallet in the technological unit of thermal microwave modification by means of a loading and unloading device.

Images