RU2794129C1 - Feed additive for dairy cows - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fodder production.

SUBSTANCE: feed additive for dairy cows containing the betulin active substance. Additionally contains amorphous silicon dioxide with a specific surface of 200-400 m² and an average particle size of spherical shape of 10-40 nm. The components that make up the feed additive are used in the following ratio of components, % by weight: betulin - 6, amorphous silicon dioxide - 94.

EFFECT: improving mixed fodder quality.

1 cl, 1 ex, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the feed industry, namely to biologically active feed additives.

The advantage of natural feed additives is due to the fact that they contain a complex of natural phytobioactive substances in an optimal combination, which, when introduced into the body, even in very small quantities, cause a positive effect. It becomes possible to replace and supplement the feed components with environmentally friendly feed additives of natural origin. The introduction of a feed additive into the diet of lactating cows contributes to the normalization of metabolic processes, stimulates milk production. The content of protein in milk and its quality is the main criterion in the production of cheese. The quality of raw milk is assessed by physicochemical, microbiological, chemical, biochemical indicators, the conditions for obtaining and its primary processing are taken into account.

Milk contains the amino acids necessary for the human body, which later pass into cheese: serine, histidine, tyrosine, arginine, proline, cysteine, glycine, tryptophan, lysine, methionine. To solve the problem of cheese suitability, it is necessary to focus research on the restoration of metabolic mechanisms in lactating cows, support and stabilization of the lactation system.

In connection with the foregoing, the study of the effectiveness of using phytobiotic preparations in the diets of highly productive dairy cows is relevant, also from the point of view of the manufacturability of its use and introduction into feed and compound feed, taking into account the structure and processability of modern feed production and the specifics of the dosing technique when distributing compound feed to animals, as well as the ability of a feed additive to uniform distribution in the mass of feed.

Known feed additive patent RF 2684308C1 (MPK A23K 20/2, publ. 04/05/2019) feed additive Betulakor for farm animals and birds containing betulin, according to the invention contains ethyl alcohol, food emulsifier Tween-80, citric acid, emulsion stabilizer Agar, water-retaining preparation glycerin and water in the following initial ratio of components, wt.%:

ethyl alcohol - 1.43;

betulin - 0.5;

food emulsifier Twin-80 - 0.5;

citric acid - 0.1;

emulsion stabilizer Agar - 0.05;

water-retaining preparation glycerol - 1.0;

water - 96.42;

designed for mixing to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a particle size of betulin less than 1 micron.

The disadvantage of this additive is the production of a suspension of betulin in an alcoholic solution, which limits the possibility of its use in zootechnics and veterinary medicine, leads to the need for multi-stage production, for example, distillation of ethanol in a rotary evaporator, using a sufficiently deep vacuum, thereby complicating and increasing the cost of the production process of the feed additive. , while limiting the temperature range of the process with the boiling point of ethanol of 78.3 degrees Celsius.

Another disadvantage of the invention is the process of preparing a suspension in a disperser, a large-volume technological apparatus in which it is impossible to accurately microdosing a solution of betulin and simultaneously uniform distribution of temperature and concentration of the active substance throughout the volume, which leads to a large random spread and coarsening of the particle sizes of the dispersed phase and, consequently, slowing down the process of assimilation of the feed additive in the gastrointestinal tract of cows.

The closest analogue, chosen as a prototype, is "Feed additive for lactating cows" in liquid form (RF patent No. 2731892 C1 IPC A23K 50/10, publ. 09.09.2020, Bull. No. 25), containing betulin. According to the invention, it contains propylene glycol, food emulsifier - Tween-80, citric acid, emulsion stabilizer - Agar, water-retaining drug glycerin, amorphizer - sodium chloride and water in the following initial ratio, wt.%:

propylene glycol - 7;

water-retaining preparation glycerin - 3.0;

betulin - 1;

food emulsifier Twin-80 - 0.5;

citric acid - 0.25;

emulsion stabilizer Agar - 0.05;

sodium chloride 0.2;

bidistilled water - 88.

The specified feed additive is produced in the form of a liquid emulsion by mixing in a flow static mixer to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a particle size of betulin less than 1 micron at a temperature of 80 to 187 degrees Celsius.

The disadvantage of this additive, despite the good results for its use in dairy farms, is its production in liquid form, which causes difficulties in the introduction of compound feed and limits the possibility of its use, due to uneven distribution throughout the volume of compound feed.

The objective of the invention is to develop a composition and a method for producing a feed additive based on the phytobiotic betulin, prepared in a dry powder form for ease of introduction into compound feed with high bioavailability, extended shelf life, stability and ease of technological use.

The problem to be solved by this invention is the use of a feed additive in dairy farming for introducing into the diets of dairy cows in a convenient technological powder form while maintaining the positive biological effect of betulin on the formation of milk with high cheese properties in cows.

The technical result is achieved by introducing new components using the method of two-stage sol-gel synthesis of betulin on the surface of the nanospheres of the amorphous silicon dioxide matrix - obtaining a highly mobile dry granular mixture that is convenient for dosing and uniform mixing with compound feed when introduced into the diets of dairy cows.

The claimed technical result is achieved due to the fact that the feed additive for dairy cows containing betulin, according to the invention, contains amorphous silicon dioxide, in the form of a free-flowing powder, prevents clumping and increases the ability of the feed additive to be uniformly distributed in the mass of feed in the following initial ratio of components, wt.%:

amorphous silicon dioxide - 94;

betulin - 6.

The preparation of the proposed feed additive was carried out using the method of two-stage sol-gel synthesis of betulin on the surface of nanospheres of a matrix of amorphous silicon dioxide - according to the scheme:

1) preparation of a solution of betulin in ethanol;

2) mixing with silica (sol formation);

3) adsorption of betulin on the surface of nanospheres;

4) distillation or drying;

5) packaging of the finished product.

Amorphous silicon dioxide is one of the most promising materials for these purposes, because it has a unique combination of biological (biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, resistance to enzyme and microbial attacks) and physicochemical properties (mechanical, thermal and photo stability, a variety of structural forms, textural and morphological characteristics (silicon dioxide is recognized in Russia and all over the world as a safe food additive (E 511)). protect against external factors and provide a long-term pharmacological effect without the risk of side effects Until now, silicon dioxide has been used in pharmaceutical compositions as an inert additive that prevents clumping of the medicinal mass and increases its moisture resistance. Since the surface of silicon dioxide exceeds 200 m ² /g, and the surface of the active substance - betulin 10-15 cm ² /g, a physical barrier is created that prevents recrystallization processes of betulin segregation, in contrast to liquid-phase analogues. This fact allows minimizing the interaction between the components of the feed additive and achieving a high degree of dispersion of the applied active substance - betulin. Due to the characteristic surface chemistry, silicon dioxide actively adsorbs betulin molecules, increasing the bioavailability of encapsulated drugs due to nanodispersion on the surface of nanoparticles and nanoporous structure. With the physicochemical impact on the system in the gastrointestinal tract of animals, the pores begin to open and the active substance, betulin, comes to the surface of the microspheres, becoming bioavailable.

Studies on the pharmacotoxic evaluation of the feed additive - nanoemulsion were carried out at the Ural Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Based on the results of the studies, during the pharmaco-toxicological evaluation of the emulsion - feed additive, it was established:

- the feed additive does not have a toxic, embryotoxic effect, local irritant effect on the skin, does not affect the change in agglutinin titers in mice, does not cause damage to the immune system of animals;

- according to GOST 12.1.007.76, the feed additive belongs to the 1U hazard class "low-hazard substances".

An example of using a feed additive for dairy cows

In the proposed feed additive, amorphous silicon dioxide was used as a matrix (aerosil brand NEOSYI GP, specific surface according to BET-0 200 m ² /g, average particle size - 10-40 nm, have a spherical shape) obtained by hydrolysis of silicon tetrachloride vapor in a hydrogen flame at a temperature of 1100-1400°C.

The study was carried out at the dairy complex (breeding farm) LLC "Nekrasovo-1" Beloyarsky district of the Sverdlovsk region. The farm is included in the top 10 farms in the Sverdlovsk region: the average milk yield per cow is 24.7 kg of milk, the farm has 2,000 heads of black-and-white cows with a share of blood (improving breed) Holstein more than 94%. The farm is one of the leaders in terms of milk yield per feed cow and ranks 5th according to operational information based on the results of the work of breeding farms in the Sverdlovsk region, milk yield per 1 feed cow (01.01.2021) amounted to 10835 kg. Groups of cows were formed, 10 heads each, according to the principle of groups of analogues, taking into account the genotype, lactation period, age, and productivity. Cows for milk and blood sampling for laboratory tests were selected by random sampling. Taking into account the identified features of the technological equipment of the experimental farm LLC "Nekrasovo-1", selected for the study and formation of a dairy herd, the technology of applying (encapsulating) betulin on a highly dispersed basis was applied to obtain a new form of feed additive in powder form.

A feed additive based on betulin in the form of a powder was introduced within 20 days at the rate of 2 kg per ton of compound feed. The rest of the conditions of feeding and keeping were the same, in accordance with the physiological needs of cows during lactation.

Physicochemical and microbiological studies of raw milk were carried out on a CombiFoss FT+ instrument, with a pipette mechanism, conveyor system and FossIntegrator™ software, which combines two MilkoScan™ FT+ and Fossomatic™ FC instruments.

MilkoScan FT+ is a FTIR spectrophotometer for highly accurate determination of the composition of milk in the main indicators: fat, protein, lactose, urea, ketone bodies, BHB (β-hydroxybutyrate), IDF and AOAC compliant.

Fossomatic FC performs a somatic cell count based on flow cytometry, meeting IDF (International Dairy Federation) and FDA (Food and Drug Administration) requirements for somatic cell counting. Milk sampling was carried out during the day milking individually from each cow into sterile jars for analysis. Samples were labeled by encryption. Statistical processing of digital data obtained during the study - processed by standard statistical methods using the computer program Microsoft Excel 2003 Statistica 6.0. With the definition of reliability criteria according to Student-Fisher at 3 levels of probability. Differences were considered significant at *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.

The results of studying the features of the formation of the biochemical profile of cows' milk before and after the application of the proposed feed additive are presented in table 1.

Table 1 - Physico-chemical and microbiological studies of raw milk.

Indicators Unit before after use of feed additive use of feed additive Fat % 3.6±0.22 4.1±0.31 Protein % 3.6±0.05 3.8±0.09 Somat cl thousand / cm ³ less than 90 less than 90 SOMO % 9.1±0.09 9.1±0.13 Lactose % 4.9±0.05 5.0±0.5 Urea mg/100ml 27.1±1.03 26.7±2.28 Acetone mmol/l 0.02±0.01 0.06±0.01 * VNV mmol/l 0.06±0.01 0.06±0.01 * Dry % 12.6±0.18 13.0±0.31

Note: the difference is significant at *p≤0.05.

Analysis of the data in Table 1 showed that before and after the application of the betulin nanoemulsion, all the studied parameters were within the standard values. After the application of the nanoemulsion, the main part of the indicators remained within the normative values. The fat content in milk increased by 13.8%. Protein increased by 5.5%. The content of milk solids also changed towards their increase by 8.3% after the use of the nanoemulsion feed additive based on betulin.

Determination of the fractional composition of proteins is an important criterion for assessing the quality of milk in terms of its cheese suitability, the results of the study are presented in table 2.

Table 2. Proteins of the casein fraction and moisture during the formation of a clot during the coagulation of milk

Indicators before after application of the additive application of the additive Mass fraction of protein (casein in a clot), % 9.27±0.01 8.47 ± 0.02 Moisture content, % 75.19±0.02 81.31±0.05 Mass fraction of casein fractions in milk, % 2.76 ± 0.02 3.04±0.05

There was an increase in the content of casein in cows after the introduction of the proposed feed additive by 10.1%, as well as an increase in water-holding capacity by 8.1%.

From the point of view of the nutritional value of milk, proteins are of the greatest value, the building material of which are amino acids held together by peptide bonds. Analysis of the amino acid score showed that after the application of the proposed feed additive in milk protein fractions, quantitative changes occur, leading to a quantitative redistribution of the amino acid spectrum according to various mechanisms in the synthesis process, between whey and casein fractions.

When studying the amino acid composition of milk, it was found that under the influence of the feed additive, the composition of milk significantly changed in terms of the number of amino acids (Table 3).

Table 3 - Amino acid composition of milk before and after the use of the feed additive, mg/100 g

Indicators Before application After application Aspartic 182.4 241.8 Glutamine 564 962 Serene 138.6 223.8 Threonine 101.8 155.2 Glycine 40 60.2 Histidine 107 119.2 Arginine 96.8 172.6 Alanine 89.8 169.4 Tyrosine 76.4 137.2 cystine 3.2 6.8 Valine 107.2 222.6 Methionine 82.8 136.4 Phenylalanine 170.6 222.6 Isoleucine 89 132.6 Leucine 229.8 311.2 Lysine 257.2 312.8 Proline 327.6 324 Sum: 2664 25124

The content of amino acids involved in the synthesis of casein and the taste of cheese has significantly increased: aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, arginine, alanine, tyrosine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine (p ≤ 0.05).

Claims (2)

Feed additive for dairy cows containing betulin as an active ingredient, characterized in that the feed additive contains amorphous silicon dioxide, which is a free-flowing powder obtained by hydrolysis of silicon tetrachloride vapor in a hydrogen flame at a temperature of 1100- 1400°C, having a specific surface of 200 m ² /g and an average particle size of spherical shape - 10-40 nm, while the components that make up the feed additive are used in the following ratio, wt.%: betulin 6.0 amorphous silicon dioxide 94.0