RU2792536C1 - Digital glasses for restoring and emulating binocular vision - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: digital glasses for restoring and emulating binocular vision contain a body designed to be mounted on a person's head, video cameras with turning and focusing devices, displays displaying a digitized image, a computer processing digital data connected by means of communication to video cameras and displays. Corrective lenses with optical characteristics corresponding to the degree and type of ametropia of the human eye are additionally located in the body of digital glasses at the level of the human eye. In front of the corrective lenses on the optical axis of each eye, achromatic blocks of prisms are additionally located with the possibility of changing the course of optical rays in the range from 0 to 30 degrees relative to the optical axis of the eye. In this case, the blocks of prisms consist of a set of optical prisms, each of which has an independent axis of rotation. Prism blocks are equipped with prism reversal devices. In addition, on the outer surfaces of the optical prisms oriented to the corrective lenses, as part of the prism blocks, a beam-splitting reflective coating is applied, and optical systems are placed between the prism blocks and displays, including objectives, collective lenses and focusing eyepieces, which are installed at an angle relative to the prism blocks so as to reflect the direction of the optical axis of the optical system from the reflecting surfaces of the prisms and align it with the optical axes of the corrective lenses. Moreover, optical systems make it possible to focus the display image falling on the retina of a person in accordance with the distance from the eyes to the object of observation. To register the image of the object of observation on the body of digital glasses, video cameras are placed above the corrective lenses, connected to the devices for their reversal and focusing. A laser pointer is fixed on the body of digital glasses to indicate the center of the field of view on the object of observation. In this case, the devices for turning and focusing video cameras, as well as focusable eyepieces, are controlled by a computer processing digital data.

EFFECT: increase of the contrast, increase of the volume, depth of the image of the observed objects, as well as increase the resolution of the observer's eye.

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Description

The invention relates to optical devices for the treatment and rehabilitation of binocular vision absent due to amblyopia and strabismus, as well as emulation of binocular vision of patients with an absent or temporarily incapacitated eye. Binocular perception of the environment with one eye makes it possible to expand the capabilities of a person with one seeing eye, and for people with restored binocular vision to return to full-fledged work activity in a short time.

Known technical solution "Method for the treatment of amblyopia" (RF patent 2282423, publ. 27.08.2006, application No. 2002109199, priority dated 10.04.2002). The device in which this method of treating amblyopia is implemented is a virtual reality helmet containing screens (visors) onto which an image is projected from a video source, separately for the right and left eyes. The video helmet has two color liquid crystal displays, each of which creates a contrast image of 789 × 230 elements. Both eyes see different images, while simultaneously perceiving depth and creating a stereo effect. The result is a truly stereoscopic image, placing you in the reality of events. The design of the video helmet includes high quality stereo headphones. The virtual orientation system responds to every movement of the user's head. The digital signal processing controller ensures input accuracy and feedback. General irritation of the retina with light has a disinhibitory effect on the function of the amblyopic eye and increases the excitability of the cortical section of the corresponding half of the visual analyzer. With a gradual decrease in the size of the brightness figures of virtual test objects against a dark background created in the helmet, the receptors of the central zone of the retina are activated and light stimulation of the central fovea of the macula is performed. All exercises are performed monocularly with occlusion of the seeing eye.

The disadvantage of this invention is the limited use of this method for the treatment of patients with non-central fixation due to the targeted effect of light only on the central zone without affecting the entire retina. All exercises are performed monocularly, which does not allow restoring the patient's binocular vision and effectively using binocular vision to speed up the treatment of amblyopia. In the presented invention, the possibility of natural binocular perception is not realized and the degree of restoration of the function of the amblyopic eye to binocular vision is not assessed.

Known "Method of treating amblyopia in children" (RF patent 2764834, 01/21/2022, application 2021106712, priority dated 03/16/2021). The device in which this method of treating amblyopia is implemented is a virtual reality helmet, in which, with the help of hardware stimulation of the retina with light from a virtual reality helmet, by influencing the brightness, spatial-frequency and contrast channels of visual information processing using test objects formed in the helmet virtual reality. Checking visual acuity using virtual reality technology before sessions allows you to track the dynamics of increasing visual acuity by making adjustments to the settings of the hardware complex.

The disadvantage of this invention is the high duration and complexity of medical procedures, due to the fact that the stimulation is carried out monocularly, only one diseased eye without interaction with the second, healthy eye. The effectiveness of the claimed therapy is reduced due to the fact that the present invention uses virtual reality technologies without taking into account natural binocular perception. It also does not provide an assessment of the degree of restoration of the function of the amblyopic eye to binocular vision together with a healthy eye.

Known "Device for the correction and detection of amblyopia" (patent CN104207876, published on December 17, 2014, application No. 201410483581.9, priority dated September 19, 2014). The device contains two liquid crystal lenses, a main plate, two optical sensors and a control system, while two liquid crystal lenses are embedded on the lens frame, the main plate is fixedly mounted on the lens frame, two optical sensors are located respectively on the inner surfaces of the two liquid crystal lenses, the control system consists of remote controller, which is made with wireless communication with the main plate, while the main plate is provided with a microprocessor, a wireless receiver, a memory card module, a real time clock and an operation mode switch, and the wireless receiver, the memory card module, the real time clock and the mode selection switch are in connection with the microprocessor, respectively, two liquid crystal lenses are in control connection with the microprocessor on the main plate, respectively, and two optical sensors are in communication with the microprocessor on the main plate, respectively But.

The disadvantage of this invention is the difficulty of monitoring and determining the effectiveness of the procedure for restoring the function of the amblyopic eye to binocular vision together with a healthy eye. In addition, this invention does not allow to restore binocular vision in strabismus, due to the fact that the modes of operation are aimed at the therapy of amblyopia and the correction of ametropia.

Known technical solution "Method of selecting prismatic glasses for children of preverbal age with concomitant strabismus" (patent RU 2746651, publ. 04/19/2021, application No. 2020124326, priority dated 07/22/2020). The method is implemented using a device, which is a set of corrective prisms corresponding to the magnitude of strabismus, which are installed in the desired position on the spectacle lens, followed by an assessment of the correct selection of prisms and the effectiveness of prismatic correction. The selection of prisms is carried out after a complete spectacle correction of ametropia. As prisms, elastic Fresnel prisms of the required strength are used, determined using a prismatic ruler by the absence of installation movements during the cover-uncover test. A prism corresponding in strength to the magnitude of the strabismus is applied to one or both spectacle lenses with the base facing in the direction opposite to the direction of the strabismus. With amblyopia, a prism is applied to a spectacle lens better than the seeing eye. At the same time, visual acuity, refraction before and after cycloplegia, the correct selection of Fresnel prisms are assessed on a Plusoptix refractometer. The effectiveness of prismatic correction is judged by the appearance of binocular and stereo vision in a child using the Stereo Fly test.

The disadvantage of this method is the significant duration of the selection of prismatic glasses, since the selection of prisms and the assessment of the degree of restoration of the function of binocular vision is carried out separately, and there is also no hardware stimulation of the process of restoring binocular vision, in which prisms are selected and the function of binocular vision is evaluated simultaneously.

The closest in technical essence is a device of digital glasses for emulating binocular vision (Patent RU 2661550 C1, published on 07/17/2018, application No. reversal corresponding to the human eye, as well as a lens with a digital internal screen located closer to the bridge of the nose, a pupil position sensor of the seeing eye is located above the lens, the camera moves synchronously with the seeing eye, the lens with a moving monitor rebuilds the image angle depending on the rotation of the eye, in the inner In the volume of the lens of the blind eye, a microcomputer is mounted that is responsible for synchronizing all digital devices and creating a video stream in the digital internal screen of the lens of the seeing eye

This device has a number of disadvantages that prevent obtaining the desired result, in particular, binocular or stereoscopic vision occurs when an image from one eye, for example, the left one, falls into the corresponding part of the brain, and from the right eye into another part of the brain and are processed together. As a result of the work of the brain, a stereoscopic picture of the surrounding space appears in human sensations. The main features of a stereoscopic sensation are the visibility of the depth of space and an object in it, the sensation of depressions and bulges on the surfaces of objects, the visibility of volume, the assessment of spatial distribution in terms of ranges and directions, etc.

Consider the operation of the presented device, as described in the patent. Brain image analyzers do not participate in the creation of binocular perception, because the image enters one eye - the seer. This eye receives light rays from two sources - directly from objects in the environment and from a digital screen. However, the rays enter the eye separately at different angles and are focused by the lens in different parts of the retina, so the eye will observe either separate parts of space or a double picture of the coinciding parts of the observed object. The quality of the image perceived by different parts of the retina varies greatly, so good quality is formed only in the "yellow spot" of the retina or macula. It is impossible to summarize images from different parts of the retina. Another negative factor that does not allow obtaining a certain general image is the different distance arrangement of the screen and objects observed by the eye directly through the lens, i.e. objects and the screen are located at different distances from the eye, and simultaneous accommodation on them by the eye is impossible, and they cannot simultaneously focus sharply on the retina. In addition, the disadvantage of the technical solution is the low efficiency of binocular vision emulation with one eye due to the fact that the depth and volume of the image of the observed object are not transmitted. Another disadvantage is a double picture of the coinciding parts of the observed object, low image quality due to the fact that the technical solution summarizes images from different parts of the retina. In addition, this invention does not take into account the fact that each blind eye requires a corresponding version of glasses: left or right.

The purpose of the claimed invention is the creation of digital glasses for the restoration and emulation of binocular vision, which is absent due to amblyopia and strabismus, as well as the emulation of binocular vision of patients with an absent or temporarily incapacitated eye.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the contrast, increase the volume, depth of the image of the observed objects, as well as increase the resolution of the observer's eye.

The technical result and purpose is achieved by the fact that the proposed digital glasses for the restoration and emulation of binocular vision contain a body that can be mounted on a person's head, video cameras with turning and focusing devices, displays displaying a digitized image, a computer processing digital data, connected by means of communication to video cameras , displays, characterized in that in the body of digital glasses at the level of the human eye there are additionally located corrective lenses with optical characteristics corresponding to the degree and in view of the ametropia of the human eye, in front of the corrective lenses on the optical axis of each eye, achromatic blocks of prisms are additionally located with the possibility of changing the path of optical rays in the range from 0 to 30 degrees relative to the optical axis of the eye, while the prism blocks consist of a set of optical prisms, each of which has an independent axis of rotation, the prism blocks are equipped with prism reversal devices, in addition, on the outer surfaces of the optical prisms oriented to the corrective lenses, as part of the prism blocks, a beam-splitting reflective coating is applied, and optical systems are placed between the prism blocks and displays, including objectives, collective lenses and focusing eyepieces, which are installed at an angle relative to the prism blocks so that reflect the direction of the optical axis of the optical system from the reflecting surfaces and combine it with the optical axes of the corrective lenses, and the optical systems make it possible to focus the display image incident on the retina of the human eye in accordance with the distance from the eyes to the object of observation, to register the image of the object of observation on the body of digital glasses above video cameras are placed by corrective lenses, connected to devices for their reversal and focusing, a laser pointer is fixed on the body of digital glasses to indicate the center of the field of view on the object of observation, while reversal devices and focus camcorders, as well as focusable eyepieces, are controlled by a digital data processing computer. In addition, the laser pointer can be equipped with a laser signal receiver placed on the body of digital glasses with the ability to determine the distance from the eye to the object of observation. In addition, the laser pointer can be mounted on the body in the plane of symmetry between the video cameras. In addition, displays displaying a digitized image may be placed on the body of the digital glasses.

Strengthening the contrast, increasing the volume, depth of the image of the observed objects, as well as increasing the resolution of the observer's eye is provided by combining a real image visible to each eye with a digital analogue of this image.

The technical solution has the possibility of carrying out light stimulation of each eye for the purpose of treatment, which will lead to the restoration of binocular vision in persons whose binocular vision was absent from birth, was lost due to trauma, amblyopia or strabismus. In digital image processing, for each eye, a condition is provided for emulating binocular vision in persons deprived of one eye or whose eye is temporarily incapacitated, due to the examination by a healthy eye of a total digital image that imitates real three-dimensional objects, which will allow one to perceive the environment in volume with one eye, emulating thus binocular vision.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings

Fig. 1 is a front view of digital glasses for binocular vision restoration and emulation.

Fig. 2 - optical scheme of digital glasses for the restoration and emulation of binocular vision.

Fig. 3 - optical diagram of blocks of prisms when compensating for strabismus (options).

Fig. 4 is a front view of digital glasses equipped with a laser signal receiver.

Fig. 5 is a diagram of information interaction between the components of digital glasses for restoring and emulating binocular vision.

Fig. 6 is an optical diagram of the components of digital glasses for restoring and emulating binocular vision when interacting with human eyes.

Fig. 7 - calculation scheme for calculating the distance from the camera lens to the object of observation.

Fig. 8 is an illustration of the principle of binocular vision emulation in one human eye;

Fig. 9 - test object for determining the restoration of binocular vision with two human eyes.

Digital glasses for the restoration and emulation of binocular vision contain a body 1 (Fig. 1), which can be attached to a person's head. In the body 1 there are corrective lenses 2 (Fig. 2), the optical characteristics of which correspond to the indications of each eye for the correction of existing ametropia (nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, etc.). By fixing the body of digital glasses, the lens 2 is constantly located at the desired distance and centered relative to the eyes 10. In front of the corrective lenses 2, there is a block of prisms, consisting of optical prisms 3 and 4, which form the total compensation angle when rays pass through them (Fig. 2 , Fig. 3). Each optical prism can rotate separately, with the optical prism 4 rotating in plane A (FIG. 3a), i.e. the axis of rotation of the optical prism is perpendicular to the plane (surface) A. The optical prism 3 rotates in the plane B, which is parallel to the gap between the optical prisms, while the total angle of the block of prisms during their relative rotation changes from a minimum equal to 0° (Fig. 3a) to a maximum, equal to 30° (Fig. 3b). Optical prism 3 interchangeable, with different angles at the top of the prism. The minimum reflection angle equal to 0° is provided if the angles of the prisms at the top are the same. Upon reaching the angle of refraction of the beam through the prize block, corresponding to the angle of strabismus, the entire block of prisms must be deployed with the equivalent base of the block of prisms in the direction opposite to the strabismus. The equivalent base is the base that a single prism with an angle of refraction equal to the refraction of the total block would have. The block of prisms is fixed in the selected position. The block of prisms can be used for all types of strabismus. The frames of the optical prisms are marked with angular scales with divisions. On the surface A of the optical prism 4, located in the direction of the corrective lens 2, a beam-splitting reflective coating is applied. Optical prisms 3 and 4 are inclined to the optical axes of corrective lenses 2 in such a way that when the optical axis of corrective lens 2 is reflected from the beam-splitting coating of optical prism 4, the optical axis is aligned with the optical axis of the optical system, consisting of eyepiece 5, collective lens 6 and objective 7, (Fig. 2). The image of the object under observation on display 8 with the help of lens 7, collective lens 6, eyepiece 5 and lens 2 is built on the retina 10. Each eye 10 corresponds to display 8 and an optical system, including lens 7, collective lens 6, and focusable eyepiece 5. Lens 7 has a focus along the optical axis of the optical system to change and equalize the magnification of the image for each eye coming from the displays 8. Collective lenses 6 are located in the intermediate image plane, do not affect the image, but are designed to reduce the diameter of the eyepiece lenses and align the pupils of the optical system with the pupils corresponding eyes 10. To align the image of the observed objects seen by the eyes 10 through the blocks of prisms with the image coming from the displays 8, the eyepieces 5 are focused along the optical axis of the optical system, which is carried out by the eyepiece focusing device (Fig. 5). The rotation of the optical prisms 3 and 4 is carried out separately by the devices for turning the prisms 11 (Fig. 1) located on the housing 1 near each block of prisms. Above each corrective lens there are video cameras 13, which are mounted on the body 1 through the turn and focus devices 12. The turn and focus devices 12 ensure the turn of the optical axes of the video cameras 13 by the convergence angle corresponding to the convergence angle of the eyes 10 when observing objects at close range. In addition, with the help of the focusing device, the lenses of the video cameras are pointed at a distance corresponding to the accommodation distance of the eyes 10.

A laser pointer 9 is fixed on the body of the digital glasses to indicate the center of the field of view on the object of observation, - the pointer 9 indicates the center of the field of view as a bright spot when viewed by the eyes 10 and video cameras 13. The laser pointer 9 can be fixed on the body between the video cameras 13 in the plane of symmetry.

To improve the pointing accuracy of video cameras 13 and reduce the amount of calculations, digital glasses for restoring and emulating binocular vision can be equipped with a laser signal receiver 14 (Fig. 4), which has the ability to determine the distance to the object of observation. The light beam of the laser pointer 9 can serve, in addition to the pointer to mark the center of the field of view for the eyes 10 and for video cameras 13, also as a source of a laser signal, upon reflection from the object and hitting the receiver 14, the distance to the object is determined.

The scheme of information interaction between the components of digital glasses for the restoration and emulation of binocular vision (Fig. 5, shown for one eye), which are part of digital glasses, contains a computer 15, which is connected to the display 8, the video camera 13, the device for turning and focusing the video cameras, eyepiece focusing devices. The displays 8 displaying the digitized image can be placed on the body of the digital glasses. The computer digitally processes images from video cameras 13 and transmits them to displays 8. In addition, the computer generates control signals that are transmitted to the devices for turning and focusing video cameras 12 for pointing the video camera synchronously with pointing the eyes 10 and to the focusing devices of the eyepiece 5.

It is also possible to implement a device in which digital glasses for restoring and emulating binocular vision are additionally equipped with a control unit that converts digital data into control signals for focusable eyepieces, as well as devices for turning and focusing video cameras.

In order to assess the degree of restoration of binocular vision, together with digital glasses, a test object is used (Fig. 9), consisting of a base in the form of a board 16, on which contrasting periodic graphic elements with different periods are applied, three-dimensional figures 17 of different heights with pointed vertices, over which a virtual pointer 18 is formed by the computer using the display, the image of which moves over three-dimensional figures 17, while the test object is set at the distance of the best vision from the corrective lenses. Periodic graphic elements are used to determine the resolution of the eyes, according to the smallest period of graphic elements that are resolved by the eyes. Volumetric figures 17 serve to assess the volumetric perception of the patient's eyes during treatment, due to the accuracy in millimeters of alignment of the virtual pointer with the selected pointed figure.

The device can operate in several modes, depending on the purpose.

1) When used for people with a temporarily injured or missing eye for psychological rehabilitation and partial rehabilitation due to the ability of one seeing eye to perceive the environment in a volume close to binocular vision with both eyes.

2) When used by people suffering from strabismus to restore binocular vision and non-surgical treatment of strabismus.

3) When used to restore binocular vision lost due to lazy eye syndrome or amblyopia.

Let us reveal the application of the device for a patient with a single seeing eye device (Fig. 6). In front of the seeing eye 10, a corrective lens 2 is installed in the device, the parameters of which correspond to the indications for correcting the existing ametropia of the eye (nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, etc.). Consider the application case for the right seeing eye of a person. Optical prisms 3 and 4, located in front of the right eye, are rotated relative to each other and set so that the total angle of the block of prisms is equal to 0 (Fig. 3a), while optical prisms are selected that have the same angles at the top. The body of the digital glasses is fixed on the human head, the digital glasses are connected to a power source, all devices included in the digital glasses are turned on (Fig. 5). The device can be equipped with either a laser pointer 9 or a laser pointer 9 and a laser signal receiver 14. Appropriate software installed on the computer is used for data processing. After turning on the digital glasses (Figure 6), the laser pointer 9 illuminates a light spot in the center of the observation object A (Figure 7). The center of the object of observation is located on the optical axis of the seeing eye, is selected by tilting or turning the head. Due to the convergence through the angle α (Fig. 6) and the accommodation of the eye, the spot will be imaged in the center of the retina. The image of the laser pointer spot will be projected onto the receiving matrices of video cameras 13. The digitized image enters the computer from video cameras, the optical axes of which are initially set in parallel, the image processing program from each video camera calculates the coordinates of the image of the pointer spot and determines the distances l ₁ and l ₂ to the center of the receiving matrix in each video camera (Fig. 7). The computer, using the installed software, calculates control signals and sends commands to the device for turning and focusing video cameras 12, as well as the eyepiece focusing device 5 (Fig. 5). Data processing and control of the device 12, control of the focusing device of the eyepiece 5 occurs in real time. In this case, the video cameras 13 of the turn and focus device are installed in such a way that the pointer spot is in the center of the receiving matrix of each video camera, while the camera lenses are focused on a sharp image of the object of observation, and the eyepiece 5 is focused in such a way that the image plane of the display in the eye coincides with the plane focusing of video cameras and the plane of accommodation of the eye on the object of observation. The control signals for focusing the camera lens and the eyepiece can be generated in two ways, depending on the configuration of the digital glasses. When the device is equipped with only a laser pointer 9, the rotation of the video cameras 13 by the convergence angle α (Fig. 6, Fig. 7) by the device 12 is carried out according to the computer-calculated convergence angle α along the distances l ₁ and l ₂ of the image of the pointer spot from the center of each matrix of the video camera, and focusing camera lenses 13 and eyepiece 5 is carried out at a distance d between the object of observation and the camera lens 13 (Fig. 7). In this case, the distance d is determined by formula (1):

Where

d is the distance between the object of observation and the lenses of video cameras 13;

b- the distance between the axes of turn of the video cameras 13;

α- angle of convergence of video cameras 13 to the center of the object of observation A

(Fig. 7).

According to the calculated value of the distance, the computer program determines the control signal for focusing the lenses of the video cameras 13 and the eyepiece 5 and is fed to the device for turning and focusing the video camera 12 and the focusing device for the eyepiece 5. When the device is equipped with a laser pointer 9 and a laser signal receiver 14 (Fig. 4), the distance d value enters the computer from the laser signal receiver 14, the data is processed by the computer and the signal is calculated for focusing the lenses of the video cameras 13 and eyepieces 5. The angle of convergence (turn) of the video cameras 13 is determined by the computer from the distances l ₁ and l ₂ and the signal to the turn and focus device 12. After convergence and focusing of the images of objects on the receiving matrices of video cameras, these objects will be visible through the eyes of the person who examines them, and at the same time, display images superimposed on the object will be visible (Fig. 8). In the left eye of a healthy person, the image of the object shown in FIG. 8a), and in the right eye of a healthy person, the image of the object shown in Fig. 8b). The human brain forms these images into a binocular image. However, in our case, a person will observe a picture that only the right seeing eye sees (Fig. 8b)). The video signals from video cameras 13 are sent to the computer, where the image processing program forms a total image from two images, which contains information from each image, and elements of backlight, additional shadows, sharp edges of the transition of surfaces, increased contrast, etc. are added to it. , which form a relief and pseudo-volumetric image of the object of observation on the plane. The sum image signal is applied to the display 8, which is located opposite the seeing eye. The image on the display with the help of the lens 7, the collective lens 6, the eyepiece 5 is reflected from the beam-splitting reflective coating deposited on the surface of the optical prism 4 and passing through the corrective lens 2 is transferred to the healthy human eye. A digital image coming through the optical system from the display is superimposed on the image of the object of observation actually visible to the eye, and the person sees the total image as a single picture (Fig. 8c)). For complete coincidence of these images, the lens 7 is initially adjusted relative to the display 8 so that the linear dimensions of the actually visible objects coincide with the image on the display. The image is adjusted by moving the lens 7 along the optical axis, which changes the magnification given by the lens. By moving the eyepiece 5, the plane on which the image is built on the display is aligned with the plane of the object (the plane of accommodation of the eye). The collective lens 6 forms the exit pupil of the optical system representing the display 8 on the pupil of the observer's eye. Thus, the total image enters the seeing eye, but the person sees it as a relief image, extended along the viewing axis and similar to a binocular image (Fig. 8c)). The effect of binocular vision is enhanced by shaking the head with glasses and is perceived as a complete emulation of binocular vision. Similarly, the operation of the device for the left seeing eye is carried out.

Let us reveal the use of the device to restore binocular vision lost due to lazy eye syndrome or amblyopia, the device works as follows (Fig. 6). Before use, corrective lenses 2 are installed in the device, the parameters of which correspond to the indications of the eyes to correct existing visual deviations (nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, etc.). In the event that the patient does not have strabismus, optical prisms 3 and 4 located in front of corrective lenses 2 are turned and set so that the total angle in the prism block is 0. . The device can be equipped with either a laser pointer 9 or a pointer with a laser signal receiver 14. In accordance with the configuration, the corresponding software version is used. However, the interaction and operation of the devices that make up the digital glasses do not depend on the configuration option.

After turning on the digital glasses (Fig. 5), the laser pointer 9 illuminates a light spot in the center of the observation object A (Fig. 7). The center of the object of observation is chosen by tilting or turning the head, the person's eyes should be directed there. Due to convergence through the angle α and accommodation of the eyes, the spot will be imaged in the center of the retina of each eye. The image of the spot of the laser pointer 9 will be projected onto the receiving matrices of each video camera 13. The video signal from the video cameras enters the computer, where the image processing program from each video camera determines the coordinates of the image of the pointer spot and determines the distances l ₁ and l ₂ to the center of the receiving matrix in each video camera (Fig. .7). Based on these distances, the computer program calculates control signals for the device for turning and focusing video cameras 12 and the eyepiece focusing device 5 (Fig. 1). Computer, turn and focus device 12, eyepiece focus device 5 operate in real time. Video cameras 13 are installed in such a way that the marker spot is located in the center of the receiving matrix of each video camera, and the camera lenses are focused on a sharp image of the object of observation, and the display image is aligned with the object. Control signals for focusing the camera lens can be generated in two ways, depending on the configuration of the digital glasses. When the device is equipped with only a laser pointer 9, the video cameras 13 are rotated by the convergence angle α (Fig. 6, Fig. 7), the device 12 superimposes the image of the laser pointer spot with the center of each matrix of the video camera, and the focusing of the lenses of the video cameras 13 is carried out at a distance d between the object of observation and camera lens 13 (Fig. 7). The distance d is calculated by the computer according to the formula (1).

According to the calculated value of the distance, the computer using the software determines the control signal for focusing the lenses of the video cameras 13 and the eyepiece 5, which is fed into the device for turning and focusing the video cameras 12 and the focusing device for the eyepiece 5.

When the device is equipped with a laser pointer 9 and a laser signal receiver 14 (Fig. 4), the value of the distance d enters the computer from the receiver 14, where a signal is generated to focus the camera lenses 13 and the eyepiece 5.

After convergence and focusing of the image of the object of observation on the receiving matrices of the video cameras, these images will be identical to the images that are visible to the eyes of the person who examines them. The video signals from the cameras are sent to a computer, where the image from each camera is processed by an image processing program. In the image for the "lazy" eye, the effects of hardware light stimulation are added: contrast and brightness are enhanced, colors are changed. In the image of a healthy eye, the borders of the transition of planes, shadow effects, and background illumination are emphasized. The digital image of the object of observation is fed to the displays 8. The image from the displays, using an optical system consisting of lenses 7, collective lenses 6, eyepieces 5 through the beam-splitting reflective coatings deposited on the surface of the optical prism 4, through corrective lenses 2 enters the human retina . The images visible to the eyes are superimposed on the images of the displays 8 and the person sees the total image. For complete coincidence of these images, the initial adjustment of the optical system is carried out, consisting of objective 7, collective lens 6, eyepieces 5 in the same way as for adjustment for working with one seeing eye so that the linear dimensions of actually visible objects coincide with the image on the display. Thus, a person sees the total image with two eyes, the volume, bulge and depth separation of which is enhanced by the superimposed image from the displays, and the brain will more effectively form binocular vision. By individually adjusting the brightness and contrast in each display, a stable binocular perception is achieved. Binocular vision allows you to more effectively restore the visual functions of the diseased eye, forcing the brain to align visual sensations. During the recovery period of binocular vision, objects with different characteristics in terms of contrast, spatial arrangement, color, dimensions, etc. are used during the sessions. Material test objects can be used to restore binocular vision (Fig. 9). These objects consist of three-dimensional figures 17, above which a virtual movable pointer 18 is created by a computer program. Using a computer “mouse”, the patient moves the virtual pointer to coincide with certain points above real objects that he sees with his own eyes, for example, with the tops of cones, the coordinates which are defined in the computer. The alignment accuracy is calculated by a computer and characterizes the degree of restoration of volumetric perception. In addition, the test object is used to check the resolution of binocular vision on board 16, on which contrasting periodic graphic elements with different periods are applied, while the dynamics of changes in resolution in the process of restoring binocular vision is recorded by distinguishing elements with smaller periods. Conducting a series of sessions will restore the functions of the "lazy" eye, achieve visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, such as in a healthy eye. Full binocular vision will be restored and the overall visual acuity of both eyes will improve.

In addition to material test objects in digital glasses, virtual volumetric test objects can be used, which are created by computer programs for restoring binocular vision, the video image of which is transmitted to displays 8 for each eye. Programs may contain elements of light stimulation for the diseased eye. The use of digital glasses can be effective for children from 2 to 7 years old, because. at this age, the visual cortex retains plasticity and continues to develop. In this case, the treatment of amblyopia can be carried out simultaneously with the presence of strabismus in the patient.

Consider the use of a device to restore binocular vision of people suffering from strabismus. When restoring binocular vision and non-surgical treatment of strabismus, the device operates as follows (Fig. 6). Before use, corrective lenses 2 are installed in the device, the parameters of which correspond to the indications of the eyes to correct existing visual deviations (nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, etc.). Optical prisms 3 and 4 of the block of prisms located in front of the corrective lenses 2 are rotated relative to each other and set so that the total angle of the prisms is equal to the angles corresponding to the angles of the strabismus of each eye, because Strabismus can be in one eye or both eyes. The rotation of each optical prism 3 and 4 is carried out separately by devices 11 located on the housing 1 near each block of prisms. Upon reaching the angle of refraction of the beam through the prize block, corresponding to the angle of strabismus, the entire block of prisms must be deployed with the equivalent base of the block of prisms in the direction opposite to the strabismus. The case of digital glasses is fixed on the head of a person, digital glasses are connected to a power source. The remaining steps are similar to those used for the treatment of lazy eye syndrome. Objects for observation during medical procedures for the restoration of binocular vision are similar to those used for the case of a "lazy" eye (Fig. 9), including virtual test objects. When conducting sessions to restore binocular vision after a stable perception of the sensations of the full binocular effect by the visual system, it is necessary to gradually reduce the total angles of the prism blocks. The change in the total angles of the prism blocks is carried out directly during the sessions and is controlled by sensations, which significantly reduces the time to select the required values of the prism angles. The system of visual analysis of the human brain with some training will additionally help restore binocular vision and can help compensate for the angles of strabismus even without the use of digital glasses, and, possibly, in the future, surgical intervention to correct myopia will not be required.

Claims (5)

1. Digital glasses for the restoration and emulation of binocular vision, containing a body designed to be mounted on a person's head, video cameras with turning and focusing devices, displaying a digitized image, a digital data processing computer connected by means of communication to video cameras and displays, characterized in that that in the case of digital glasses at the level of the human eye there are additionally located corrective lenses with optical characteristics corresponding to the degree and type of ametropia of the human eye, in front of the corrective lenses on the optical axis of each eye there are additionally achromatic blocks of prisms with the possibility of changing the path of optical rays in the range from 0 to 30 degrees relative to the optical axis of the eye, while the blocks of prisms consist of a set of optical prisms, each of which has an independent axis of rotation, the blocks of prisms are equipped with devices for turning prisms, in addition, on oriented to corrective lenses on The outer surfaces of the optical prisms as part of the prism blocks are coated with a beam-splitting reflective coating, and between the prism blocks and the displays, optical systems are placed, including objectives, collective lenses and focusing eyepieces, which are installed at an angle relative to the prism blocks so as to reflect the direction of the optical axis from the reflective surfaces of the prisms of the optical system and combine it with the optical axes of the corrective lenses, and the optical systems make it possible to focus the display image incident on the retina of a person in accordance with the distance from the eyes to the object of observation, to record the image of the object of observation on the body of digital glasses, video cameras are placed above the corrective lenses, connected to devices for their reversal and focusing, a laser pointer is fixed on the body of digital glasses to indicate the center of the field of view on the object of observation, while reversal and focusing devices for video cameras, as well as focusable eyepieces and controls the digital data processing computer. 2. Digital glasses according to claim 1, characterized in that the laser pointer is equipped with a laser signal receiver placed on the body of the digital glasses with the ability to determine the distance from the eye to the object of observation. 3. Digital glasses according to claim 1, characterized in that the laser pointer is fixed on the body in the plane of symmetry between the video cameras. 4. Digital glasses according to claim. 1, characterized in that displays displaying a digitized image are placed on the body of digital glasses. 5. Digital glasses according to claim 1, characterized in that the computer, through the control unit, converts digital data into control signals for focusable eyepieces, as well as devices for turning and focusing video cameras.

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