CN113080844A - Visual detection and visual training device for optimizing retina area - Google Patents

Visual detection and visual training device for optimizing retina area Download PDF

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CN113080844A
CN113080844A CN202110344621.1A CN202110344621A CN113080844A CN 113080844 A CN113080844 A CN 113080844A CN 202110344621 A CN202110344621 A CN 202110344621A CN 113080844 A CN113080844 A CN 113080844A
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eye
line
image
module
prl
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CN113080844B (en
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杜煜
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Shanghai Qingyan Technology Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/14—Arrangements specially adapted for eye photography
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/0016—Operational features thereof
    • A61B3/0025—Operational features thereof characterised by electronic signal processing, e.g. eye models
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/0016—Operational features thereof
    • A61B3/0041—Operational features thereof characterised by display arrangements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/0083—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes provided with means for patient positioning
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H5/00—Exercisers for the eyes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/60—Analysis of geometric attributes
    • G06T7/66—Analysis of geometric attributes of image moments or centre of gravity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/70—Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/18—Eye characteristics, e.g. of the iris
    • G06V40/19—Sensors therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H2201/00—Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
    • A61H2201/50—Control means thereof
    • A61H2201/5023—Interfaces to the user
    • A61H2201/5043—Displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
    • G06T2207/10048—Infrared image
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
    • G06T2207/30004—Biomedical image processing
    • G06T2207/30041—Eye; Retina; Ophthalmic

Abstract

The invention provides a visual detection device, which is characterized in that one of two eyes is set as an eye with normal central vision, called an eye A, and the other eye is set as an eye with central vision reduced caused by macular diseases, called an eye B, and the visual detection device comprises: a display module; the image shooting and processing module is used for continuously shooting images of the eye area; the image shooting and processing module also comprises an image processing function; the relative positions of the image shooting and processing module and the display module are fixed and known; an A-eye Kappa angle calculation module; a B eye macular fovea vision line calculation module; b eye PRL angle detection module. The invention further provides vision training equipment. The visual detection and visual training device provided by the invention has the advantages that the detection result of the optimized retina area is objective and accurate, the visual training content is rich, and the training state and effect can be monitored in real time.

Description

Visual detection and visual training device for optimizing retina area
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ophthalmic medical equipment, in particular to a vision detection and vision training device for a preferred retina area when macula lutea is damaged.
Background
In a normal human eye, an object is imaged on the fovea maculata of the retina when the eye is focused, and the fovea maculata is the most acute place on the retina. Certain diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, myopic macular degeneration, macular hole, etc., can cause the fovea function of the macula of human eyes to be damaged, and the vision of the patient is seriously reduced.
The preferred retinal area (PRL), also referred to in the literature as the preferred retinal area, the preferred retinal fixation point, refers to the healthy retinal area around the macula when the macula is damaged, i.e., when the central vision is damaged, the patient often images the object of view onto the healthy retinal area around the macula, and this peripheral retinal area that serves as an alternative is referred to as the preferred retinal area (PRL).
The existing methods for detecting PRL include: laser scanning ophthalmoscope (SLO), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FMRI), Micro Perimeter (MP), and the like.
After the PRL is positioned, the PRL can be effectively utilized by adopting proper training. However, few patients naturally find and make good use of PRL, and doctors need to train patients to use PRL after detecting a suitable PRL for the patients, so that the residual vision can be well utilized and the functional vision can be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: a visual detection and visual training device for preferred retinal areas in the case of macular damage is provided.
In order to achieve the above object, a technical solution of the present invention is to provide a visual inspection apparatus, in which one of two eyes is an eye with normal central vision, called an a-eye, and the other eye is an eye with reduced central vision caused by macular disease, called a B-eye, the apparatus comprising:
the display module can display an image which can be seen by only a left eye and a right eye;
the image shooting and processing module comprises at least 2 near-infrared cameras and at least 2 near-infrared light sources and is used for continuously shooting images of the eye area; the image shooting and processing module also comprises an image processing function, and the image shooting and processing module carries out image processing calculation on the shot image of the area through the image processing function; when an A eye image is shot, the image shooting and processing module can obtain three-dimensional coordinates of the center of a pupil of the A eye and the center of each cornea reflection point of the A eye through an image processing function; when B eye images are shot, the image shooting and processing module can obtain three-dimensional coordinates of the pupil center of the B eye and the three-dimensional coordinates of the centers of all cornea reflecting points of the B eye through the image processing function; the relative positions of the image shooting and processing module and the display module are fixed and known;
the A eye Kappa angle calculation module defines the central foveal vision of the yellow spots of the A eyes as a straight line passing through the central fovea of the yellow spots of the A eyes and the center of pupils of the A eyes, and the central foveal vision of the yellow spots of the A eyes is intersected with the gazed position of the A eyes when the A eyes gaze foreign objects; the A-eye Kappa angle calculation module controls the display module to display the optotype T which can be seen only by the A-eye at the specified positionaThe examinee gazes at the optotype TaThen, the central foveal line of the macula of the A eye passes through the center of the pupil of the A eye and the visual target TaA straight line of (a); the A eye Kappa angle calculation module calculates the three-dimensional coordinates of the pupil center of the A eye and the three-dimensional coordinates of the centers of the cornea reflection points of the A eye to obtain the pupil center line of the A eye, and further calculates to obtain the Kappa angle of the A eye, wherein the Kappa angle of the A eye is the included angle between the central foveal vision line of the yellow spots of the A eye and the pupil center line of the A eye;
the B eye macular fovea vision line calculation module defines the B eye macular fovea vision line as a straight line passing through the B eye macular fovea and the center of the pupil of the B eye; calculating the three-dimensional coordinates of the pupil center of the eye B and the three-dimensional coordinates of the centers of all cornea reflection points of the eye B to obtain the pupil center line of the eye B, and further calculating to obtain the central foveal vision of the yellow spots of the eye B;
the B-eye macular foveal vision line calculation module obtains the B-eye macular foveal vision line by adopting the following method:
according to the principle of physiological symmetry of the left eye and the right eye, the included angle between the central concave line of the macula lutea of the B eye and the central line of the pupil of the B eye is equal to the Kappa angle of the A eye, the included angle directions are in mirror symmetry with the median sagittal plane of a human, and the central concave line of the macula lutea of the B eye is calculated by the central concave line of the macula lutea of the B eye calculation module;
the B-eye PRL angle detection module controls the display module to display the visual target T which can be seen only by the A eye at the designated position1The examinee gazes at the optotype T1Then, let the intersection point position of the foveal line of the macula lutea of the B eye and the display module be P0And then the B-eye PRL angle detection module controls the display module to be in P0Position display optotype T visible only to B eye2(ii) a Subject gazing sighting target T with A eye1Whether the sighting target T can be seen by B eye or not2Responding; at sighting target T2Display position P most clearly visible to subject with B eyesbAfter the B-eye PRL angle detection module obtains the B-eye PRL sight line, the B-eye PRL angle is further obtained, wherein the B-eye PRL angle is an included angle between the B-eye PRL sight line and a B-eye macular central concave sight line, and the B-eye PRL sight line passes through the display position PbAnd B the center of the eye pupil.
Preferably, in the B-eye PRL angle detection module, the optotype T2The range displayed is the intersection position P0As the center of circle, the variable position within the radius view angle of 1-10 degrees around the circle.
Preferably, in the B-eye PRL angle detection module, the optotype T2Is a visual target at the intersection point position P0Different positions around the circumference appear in sequence.
Preferably, in the B-eye PRL angle detection module, the optotype T2A plurality of visual targets are arranged at the intersection point position P0Different positions around the circumference occur simultaneously.
Preferably, the central concave sight line calculation module of the macula lutea of the A eye is further included, after the central line of the pupil of the A eye is calculated in real time through the image shooting and processing module, the central concave sight line calculation module of the macula lutea of the A eye obtains the central line of the pupil of the A eye in real time and then calculates the central concave sight line of the macula lutea of the A eye according to the Kappa angle of the A eye in real time;
the B-eye PRL angle detection module is used for detecting the central fovea of the A-eye macula lutea in the process of detectionThe line calculation module is used for judging whether the eye A of the examinee gazes at the sighting target T or not1Real-time monitoring is carried out, if the intersection point of the foveal vision of the macula lutea of the A eye and the display module leaves the sighting target T1The displayed position is set to be away from the sighting target T at the intersection point of the foveal vision line of the macula lutea of the A eye and the display module1The test results during the displayed position are invalid and the test is performed again.
Another technical solution of the present invention is to provide a vision training apparatus, wherein one of two eyes is an eye with normal central vision, which is called an a-eye, and the other eye is an eye with central vision decreased due to macular disease, which is called a B-eye, and the PRL angle of the B-eye is known, the apparatus comprising:
the display module can display an image which can be seen by only a left eye and a right eye;
the image shooting and processing module comprises at least 2 near-infrared cameras and at least 2 near-infrared light sources and is used for continuously shooting images of the eye area; the image shooting and processing module also comprises an image processing function, and the image shooting and processing module carries out image processing calculation on the shot image of the area through the image processing function; when an A eye image is shot, the image shooting and processing module can obtain three-dimensional coordinates of the center of a pupil of the A eye and the center of each cornea reflection point of the A eye through an image processing function; when B eye images are shot, the image shooting and processing module can obtain three-dimensional coordinates of the pupil center of the B eye and the three-dimensional coordinates of the centers of all cornea reflecting points of the B eye through the image processing function; the relative positions of the image shooting and processing module and the display module are fixed and known;
the A eye Kappa angle calculation module defines the central foveal vision of the yellow spots of the A eyes as a straight line passing through the central fovea of the yellow spots of the A eyes and the center of pupils of the A eyes, and the central foveal vision of the yellow spots of the A eyes is intersected with the gazed position of the A eyes when the A eyes gaze foreign objects; the A-eye Kappa angle calculation module controls the display module to display the optotype T which can be seen only by the A-eye at the specified positionaThe examinee gazes at the optotype TaThen, the central foveal line of the macula of the A eye passes through the center of the pupil of the A eye and the visual target TaA straight line of (a); the A eye Kappa angle calculation module calculates the center of the A eye pupil by aligning the A eye pupilCalculating the three-dimensional coordinates and the three-dimensional coordinates of the centers of all cornea reflection points of the eye A to obtain the pupil center line of the eye A, and further calculating to obtain the Kappa angle of the eye A, wherein the Kappa angle of the eye A is the included angle between the central foveal vision line of the yellow spots of the eye A and the pupil center line of the eye A;
the A eye macula lutea central concave sight line calculation module can calculate the central line of a pupil of an A eye in real time through the image shooting and processing module, then the A eye macula lutea central concave sight line calculation module obtains the central line of the pupil of the A eye in real time, and calculates the central concave sight line of the macula lutea of the A eye in real time according to the Kappa angle of the A eye;
the B eye PRL sight line calculation module calculates the three-dimensional coordinates of the pupil center of the B eye and the three-dimensional coordinates of the centers of all cornea reflection points of the B eye to obtain the pupil center line of the B eye, calculates the central concave sight line of the yellow spots of the B eye based on the pupil center line of the B eye, and further calculates the PRL sight line of the B eye through the PRL angle of the B eye and the central concave sight line of the yellow spots of the B eye;
the B-eye PRL sight line calculation module calculates the B-eye macular fovea center sight line by adopting the following method:
defining the foveal vision of the macula lutea of the B eye as a straight line passing through the fovea macula of the B eye and the center of the pupil of the B eye; according to the principle of physiological symmetry of the left eye and the right eye, the included angle between the central concave line of the macula lutea of the B eye and the central line of the pupil of the B eye is equal to the Kappa angle of the A eye, the included angle directions are in mirror symmetry with the median sagittal plane of a human, and the central concave line of the macula lutea of the B eye is obtained by calculation of a PRL line of sight calculation module of the B eye;
a training module for controlling the display module to display the image P visible only to A eye during visual trainingALet the trainer watch the image PAThen the training module controls the display module to display an image P visible only by B eyes at the intersection of the PRL sight line of the B eyes and the display moduleB(ii) a The training module then controls the display module such that the image PAAnd image PBAnd keeping the simultaneous display and performing visual training.
Preferably, in the training module, the image P is used for visual trainingAAnd image PBAre complementary images that need to be viewed simultaneously to form a complete image.
Preferably, in the training module, the image P is used for visual trainingAAnd image PBAre images of the same shape and size.
Preferably, in the training module, the image P is used for visual trainingAAnd image PBThe stereoscopic image has binocular parallax.
Preferably, in the training module, the image PAAnd image PBThe display range is not more than the circular range of the visual angle with the radius less than or equal to 2 degrees.
Preferably, the image P changes when the intersection of the B-eye PRL line of sight and the display module changesBIs moved along with the position of the display module, and is always positioned at the intersection point of the B-eye PRL sight line and the display module.
Another technical solution of the present invention is to provide a vision training apparatus, wherein one of two eyes is an eye with normal central vision, which is called an a eye and the Kappa angle of the a eye is known, and the other eye is an eye with reduced central vision caused by macular disease, which is called a B eye and the PRL angle of the B eye is known, the apparatus comprising:
the display module is used for displaying the content which can be seen by only B eyes, and the other eye of the content displayed by the display module can not be seen;
the image shooting and processing module comprises at least 2 near-infrared cameras and at least 2 near-infrared light sources and is used for continuously shooting images of the B eyes; the image shooting and processing module further comprises an image processing function, and the image shooting and processing module performs image processing calculation on the shot image of the area through the image processing function to obtain three-dimensional coordinates of the pupil center of the eye B and three-dimensional coordinates of the centers of all cornea reflection points of the eye B; the relative positions of the image shooting and processing module and the display module are known;
the B eye PRL sight line calculation module is used for calculating the three-dimensional coordinates of the pupil center of the B eye and the three-dimensional coordinates of the centers of all cornea reflection points of the B eye to obtain the pupil center line of the B eye; the B-eye PRL sight line calculation module calculates to obtain a B-eye macular foveal sight line based on a B-eye pupil central line, and further calculates to obtain a B-eye PRL sight line through a B-eye PRL angle and the B-eye macular foveal sight line;
the B-eye PRL sight line calculation module obtains the B-eye macular fovea center sight line by the following method:
defining the foveal vision of the macula lutea of the B eye as a straight line passing through the fovea macula of the B eye and the center of the pupil of the B eye; according to the principle of physiological symmetry of the left eye and the right eye, the included angle between the central foveal vision of the macula lutea of the B eye and the central line of the pupil of the B eye is equal to the Kappa angle of the A eye, and the included angle is in mirror symmetry with the median sagittal plane of a human body in the direction, so that the central foveal vision of the macula lutea of the B eye can be calculated;
and the training module controls the display module to display a clear image near the intersection point of the B-eye PRL sight line and the display module during visual training, and does not display an image or display a suppressed image in other areas.
Preferably, in the training module, during visual training, the training module controls the display module to display an image at an intersection of the PRL line of sight of the B eye and the display module, and when the intersection of the PRL line of sight of the B eye and the display module moves, the position displayed by the training image moves along with the movement; no image is displayed elsewhere on the display plane.
Preferably, in the training module, during visual training, the image display range does not exceed a circular range with a radius of a viewing angle less than or equal to 2 degrees, wherein the circular range takes the intersection point of the PRL sight of the B eye and the display module as a circle center.
Preferably, in the training module, during the visual training, the training module controls the display module to display a clear image near an intersection of the PRL line of sight of the B eye and the display module, and to display a suppressed image in a region far from the intersection of the PRL line of sight of the B eye and the display module, where a position of the image display does not move with a movement of the intersection of the PRL line of sight of the B eye and the display module.
Preferably, in the training module, when the training image is displayed on the display module, the range of displaying the clear image does not exceed the circular range of the viewing angle with the radius less than or equal to 2 degrees, which takes the intersection point of the PRL line of sight of the B eye and the display module as the center of a circle.
Another technical solution of the present invention is to provide a vision training apparatus, wherein one of two eyes is an eye with normal central vision, which is called an a eye and the Kappa angle of the a eye is known, and the other eye is an eye with reduced central vision caused by macular disease, which is called a B eye and the PRL angle of the B eye is known, the apparatus comprising:
the image shooting and processing module comprises at least 2 near-infrared cameras and at least 2 near-infrared light sources and is used for continuously shooting images of the B eyes; the image shooting and processing module further comprises an image processing function, and can perform image processing calculation on the shot image of the area through the image processing function to obtain three-dimensional coordinates of the pupil center of the eye B and the center of each cornea reflection point of the eye B;
the B eye PRL sight line calculation module is used for calculating the three-dimensional coordinates of the pupil center of the B eye and the three-dimensional coordinates of the centers of all cornea reflection points of the B eye to obtain the pupil center line of the B eye; the B-eye PRL sight line calculation module calculates to obtain a B-eye macular foveal sight line based on a B-eye pupil central line, and further calculates to obtain a B-eye PRL sight line through a B-eye PRL angle and the B-eye macular foveal sight line;
the B-eye PRL sight line calculation module obtains the B-eye macular fovea center sight line by the following method:
defining the foveal vision of the macula lutea of the B eye as a straight line passing through the fovea macula of the B eye and the center of the pupil of the B eye; according to the principle of physiological symmetry of the left eye and the right eye, the included angle between the central foveal vision of the macula lutea of the B eye and the central line of the pupil of the B eye is equal to the Kappa angle of the A eye, and the included angle directions are in mirror symmetry with the median sagittal plane of a human body, so that the central foveal vision of the macula lutea of the B eye can be calculated;
the liquid crystal shielding module is a liquid crystal lens positioned in the visual field range of the B eye, controls the liquid crystal lens to be transparent in a certain range at and near the intersection point of the PRL visual line of the B eye and the liquid crystal lens, and controls other areas to be non-transparent for visual training, and the position of the transparent area can change in real time along with the change of the PRL visual line of the B eye and is always positioned at the intersection point of the PRL visual line of the B eye and the liquid crystal lens; the relative positions of the liquid crystal shielding module and the image shooting and processing module are fixed and known.
Preferably, in the liquid crystal shielding module, the transparent range of the liquid crystal shielding module is not more than the circular range of the viewing angle with the radius less than or equal to 2 degrees, and the intersection point of the PRL sight line of the B eye and the liquid crystal lens is taken as the center of a circle.
Preferably, the vision training device may be integrated in a head-mounted apparatus, the head-mounted apparatus being a pair of head-mounted glasses, or a VR device, or an AR device.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the visual detection and visual training device provided by the invention has the advantages that the detection result of the optimized retina area is objective and accurate, the visual training content is rich, and the training state and effect can be monitored in real time.
Drawings
FIG. 1(a) is a schematic view of "line of sight of fovea macula" (taking the right eye as an example) in the first embodiment; FIG. 1(b) is a schematic view of the "Kappa angle" (taking the right eye as an example);
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the positions of the components of the apparatus according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the relative positions of the display, 2 cameras, 2 light sources, and left and right eyes according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a three-dimensional positioning principle of a pupil center by a dual-camera system according to an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a principle of calculating a pupil center line according to an embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of detecting a preferred retinal region in accordance with one embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Example one
For eyes with normal central vision, when looking at a foreign object, the light rays from the foreign object pass through the center of the pupil and are imaged in the fovea at the macula. In the invention, the central vision normal eye 'macular foveal vision' is defined as a straight line passing through the central fovea of the macula and the center of the pupil, and extends to the outside of the eyeball and intersects with the position watched by the eye when watching a foreign object. For a normal eye with central vision, the "foveal vision of the macula" is the visual axis.
For example, one subject, with normal macula retinae in the right eye, is an eye with normal central vision; the macula of the retina of the left eye is diseased and the central vision is degraded. As shown in fig. 1(a), since the right eye has normal central vision, when a foreign object is fixed with a single eye of the right eye (in this embodiment, the optotype T on the display module)a) Right eye fixation point (i.e. optotype T)aPosition of) and the right eye pupil center PrThe line of (1) is the foveal line of the right eye macula, which passes through the fovea maculata on the retina of the right eye (in this embodiment, the fovea maculata is located on the retina M)rThe location of (d).
The dotted line in fig. 1(b) is the pupil midline of the right eye, which is the axis of symmetry of the human eye, and most people have a central foveal line of the macula that is not completely coincident with the pupil midline, which has an angle, and the angle between the central foveal line of the macula and the pupil midline is called the Kappa angle. The Kappa angle alpha of the right eye of the subject is the angle between the foveal line of the macula lutea of the right eye and the midline of the pupil of the right eye.
Since the macular portion of the left eye of this subject has a lesion, when a foreign object is fixed with a single eye of the left eye, its imaging point may be a point other than the fovea of the macula of the left eye.
The significance of the detection of the preferred retinal region (PRL) is that when the macular fovea is severely damaged, a region of the retina where the image is more clear is found and the function of the damaged macular fovea is replaced by the region to restore vision to a higher level as much as possible.
As shown in fig. 2, the visual inspection apparatus includes a display module, an image capturing and processing module, an a-eye Kappa angle calculation module, a B-eye macular fovea line calculation module, and a B-eye PRL angle detection module.
In the present embodiment, the a eye is the right eye and the B eye is the left eye.
And the display module can display the image only visible to the left eye by a single eye and can display the image only visible to the right eye by a single eye. The display module may display the content in a manner that is only visible to one eye in one of the following manners: (1) using a polarized display while the subject wears polarized glasses; (2) displaying an image visible only to a single eye using a naked eye 3D display; (3) using a stereoscopic shutter display while shutter glasses are worn by the subject; (4) the examinee wears glasses with lenses with different colors for two eyes such as red and green glasses, and the display correspondingly displays an image formed by colors which are visible only for one eye; (5) head-mounted devices such as VR.
The present embodiment uses the polarized display 1 while the subject wears polarized glasses which are transparent to near infrared light having a wavelength of 850 nm.
In this embodiment, the image capturing and processing module includes 2 near-infrared cameras, which are a left camera 2-1 and a right camera 2-2, respectively, and 2 near-infrared LED light sources with a light emitting wavelength of 850nm, which are a left light source 3-1 and a right light source 3-2, respectively, and are located outside the near-infrared cameras. The image shooting and processing module is positioned below the display, and the camera, the light source and the like are arranged in the shell. Each eye can be captured by 2 near infrared cameras in the image capture and processing module. The relative positions between the 2 near-infrared cameras, the 2 near-infrared light sources and the display are fixed and the relative positions are known. The relative position relationship of the left camera 2-1, the right camera 2-2, the left light source 3-1, the right light source 3-2, the left eye 4 and the right eye 5 in the display and the image shooting and processing module is shown in figure 3.
In addition, the embodiment further includes an electronic computer 6, and the image processing algorithm of the image capturing and processing module, the a-eye Kappa angle calculation module, the B-eye macular fovea line calculation module, and the B-eye PRL angle detection module are all programs running on the electronic computer 6. In order to better fix the head position for more accurate test data, the present embodiment further comprises a head fixing bracket 7.
The specific steps of the operation of the equipment are as follows:
the examinee sits in front of the equipment, the eyes face to the display direction, the chin of the examinee is placed on the head fixing support 7, the left eye and the right eye are the same in height, and the left eye and the right eye are the same in distance from the display. Two near infrared cameras in the image capture and processing module may capture images containing the eye area.
(II) calculating the Kappa angle of the right eye by using the Kappa angle calculation module of the A eye
As shown in fig. 4, the optotype T is displayed on the displayaVisual target TaA small dot in the center of the display.
The binocular camera system formed by the left camera 2-1 and the right camera 2-2 in the image shooting and processing module can calculate the three-dimensional space coordinate based on the parallax information of the same object. Pupil center P of right eyerThree-dimensional space coordinate PrThe (x, y, z) calculation method is as follows:
as shown in fig. 4, the three-dimensional space coordinate uses the optical center E of the left camera as an origin, the straight line of the connecting line EI from the optical center E of the left camera to the optical center E of the right camera is the X-axis, the straight line of the optical axis EH of the left camera is the Z-axis, and the Y-axis is perpendicular to the XZ plane (not shown in this figure).
The distance between the left camera 2-1 and the right camera 2-2 is T, F is the center of the imaging plane of the left camera, and J is the center of the imaging plane of the right camera. Center of pupil PrThe imaging point on the left camera 2-1 is G and the imaging point on the right camera 2-2 is K. Because the size of the imaging plane of the camera is known, the X-axis distance between a certain imaging point and the center of the imaging plane is easy to calculate. The distance between the G point and the F point on the projection in the X-axis direction is GF, and the distance between the K point and the J point on the projection in the X-axis direction is JK.
Let EF ═ IJ ═ f.
Obtaining an equation (r) and an equation (c) according to a similar triangle principle as follows:
Figure BDA0003000388740000091
Figure BDA0003000388740000092
because the equations (r) and (r) have only two unknown quantities x and z, and the other values GF, JK, f, T are known, the solution can be found:
Figure BDA0003000388740000093
Figure BDA0003000388740000094
in the same way, according to the pupil center PrThe distance between the imaging point and the center of the imaging plane in the Y-axis direction (the distance is Δ Y) is used to determine the pupil center PrY-coordinate of (c):
Figure BDA0003000388740000101
thus the pupil center PrThe three-dimensional space coordinates of (a) are calculated.
And because the relative positions of the left camera 2-1 and the right camera 2-2 and the display are fixed, namely the index point TaIs known, so that TaAnd the pupil center P of the right eyerThe three-dimensional space connecting line can be determined to be a straight line where the foveal vision of the macula lutea of the right eye is located.
The outer side of the pupil has a spherical corneal surface. The outer surface of the cornea of the human eye is regarded as a convex mirror, and the point light source forms a virtual image on the other side of the convex mirror through the reflection of the convex mirror. Based on optical imaging principles, it is known that the position of the virtual image is determined by the position of the light source and the convex mirror, independent of the position of the observer (i.e. independent of the position of the camera). In addition, a spatial straight line formed by connecting the point light source and the virtual image passes through the spherical center of the spherical surface where the convex mirror is located.
As shown in fig. 5, let the subject's right eye gaze the index point TaBased on the optical principle of point light source convex mirror reflection imaging and the binocular vision principle, the three-dimensional space position of two near-infrared point light sources is set to be R1And R2The three-dimensional position R of two near-infrared reflection point virtual images on the outer surface of the cornea can be calculated1' and R2’。R1-R1' connection and R2-R2The connecting line of the' intersects with the spherical center O of the spherical surface on which the outer surface of the cornea is positionedc. In addition, the pupil center P has been measured in the previous steprThree-dimensional coordinates of (a). PrAnd OcIs the right eye pupil midline.
And calculating the included angle between the foveal vision of the yellow spots of the right eye and the central line of the pupils of the right eye to obtain the angle of the Kappa angle of the right eye. In this embodiment, the foveal line of the right eye is on the midline nasal side of the right eye pupil (relative position of the outer part of the eyeball) and has an included angle of 2 °, i.e., the Kappa angle of the right eye is 2 °.
(III) calculating the foveal vision line of the macula lutea of the left eye by using a B-eye macula lutea foveal vision line calculation module
The pupil center of the left eye can be obtained by a method similar to that for calculating the pupil center of the right eye.
According to the principle of physiological symmetry of the left eye and the right eye, the included angle between the foveal line of the macula of the left eye and the pupil center line of the left eye is equal to the Kappa angle of the right eye, and the included angle directions are mirror symmetry with the human median sagittal plane (the human body is symmetrical left and right with the median sagittal plane). In this embodiment, since the height of the left and right eyes of the subject is the same and the distance between the left and right eyes and the display is the same, the midsagittal plane is perpendicular to the ground and perpendicular to the line connecting the two eyes, and it can be seen that the foveal line of the left eye macula is on the nasal side of the midline of the pupil of the left eye (relative position of the outer part of the eyeball) and the included angle is 2 °.
(IV) calculating the PRL angle of the left eye by using a B-eye PRL angle detection module
In the present embodiment, the optotype T visible only to the right eye is displayed at the center position1It is a small "+" character mark, which makes the right eye of the examinee watch the visual mark. The intersection position of the foveal vision line of the left eye macula lutea and the display module can be calculated to be P according to the previous steps0. Then at P0The nearby position shows the optotype T visible only to the left eye2In this embodiment, T2Is an E-shaped mark with a random opening direction and a 1-degree visual angle. In this embodiment, optotype T2Present in P0Variable position within a range of radial viewing angles from 1 to 10 around, in each of the longitudinal and transverse directionsOn grid points spaced 1 °, the grid points are sequentially displayed in sequential or random positions. In the embodiment, the display is sequentially performed from left to right and from top to bottom, and the positions of every two times are not repeated. The examinee needs to watch the sighting mark T with the right eye1Whether the sighting target T can be seen clearly for the left eye or not2The direction of the opening of the E-shaped mark responds in any one of the modes of oral report, action, key pressing, mouse operation and the like. In the embodiment, the examinee verbally reports the opening direction of the E word mark, if the examinee cannot see clearly, the doctor can tell that the examinee cannot see clearly, the doctor inputs the result into the computer through the keyboard in real time for storage, and the stored result corresponds to the position where the E word mark appears.
Sighting target T2Is randomly oriented, and the E symbol appears once at all positions of the grid point, passes through the grid point at P0Visual target T displayed within the range of the peripheral 1-10 degree radius visual angle2If there are areas of clearly best vision relative to other areas, e.g. optotype T2Is shown at PbThe real-time vision of the position is relatively best, and then the sighting mark T at the moment can be judged2The displayed position is imaged on the preferred retinal region (PRL) of the left eye, defined by PbThe straight line between the left eye and the center of the pupil is the left eye PRL line of sight, and the included angle between the left eye PRL line of sight and the left eye macular center foveal line is the left eye PRL angle (the PRL angle in this patent includes the numerical value and direction of the included angle).
For example, in the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the foveal line of sight of the left eye is always directed to P0Dot, sighting mark T2After the E character is displayed at all the grid points, P0Position P of right side 3 degree view anglebThe E-shaped mark displayed on the position indicates that the examinee can see the opening direction of the E-shaped mark at the position most clearly, and the examinee cannot see the opening direction of the E-shaped mark at other positions, so that the PRL angle of the left eye is judged to be 3 degrees, and the PRL sight line of the left eye is positioned on the nose side (the relative position outside the eyeball) of the central concave sight line of the yellow spots of the left eye; the PRL area of the left eye is located at W on the retina, and the fovea M is located in the macula of the left eyelTemporal side of (a).
In addition, the device may also include foveal vision of the macula of the A eyeThe line calculation module and the A-eye macular fovea visual line calculation module are programs running on a computer. The A eye macula lutea fovea visual line calculation module can calculate the pupil center line of the A eye in real time through the image shooting and processing module, and calculate the macula lutea fovea visual line of the A eye in real time according to the Kappa angle of the A eye. In this embodiment, the a-eye macular foveal vision line calculation module may calculate the right-eye macular foveal vision line in real time, and calculate an intersection point of the right-eye macular foveal vision line and the display module. In the detection process, the A-eye macular foveal vision calculation module performs a function of judging whether the right eye of the detected person looks at the sighting target T1Real-time monitoring is carried out, if the intersection point of the foveal vision of the right eye and the display module is away from T1The displayed position is set to be away from the eye movement point of the right eye by T1The test results during the displayed position are invalid and the test is performed again.
In further embodiments, the optotype T2It is also possible that a plurality of different optotypes appear at P at the same time0The surrounding area, and then the subject utters which optotype is most clearly seen, to determine the PRL angle.
Example two
One patient had normal retinal macula in the right eye, an eye with normal central vision; the macula of the retina in the left eye is diseased, central vision is degraded, and the PRL angle of the left eye is known.
A vision training device comprises a display module, an image shooting and processing module, an A-eye Kappa angle calculation module, an A-eye macular fovea vision line calculation module, a B-eye PRL vision line calculation module and a training module.
In the present embodiment, the a eye is the right eye and the B eye is the left eye.
The embodiment also comprises an electronic computer, wherein the image processing algorithm of the image shooting and processing module, the A-eye Kappa angle calculation module, the A-eye macular fovea central fovea line calculation module, the B-eye PRL line calculation module and the training module are programs running on the electronic computer. In order to better fix the head position so that the test data is more accurate, the embodiment further comprises a head fixing support, the examinee sits in front of the equipment, eyes face to the display, the chin of the examinee is placed on the head fixing support, the height of the left eye and the height of the right eye are the same, and the distance between the left eye and the distance between the right eye and the display are the same. Two near infrared cameras in the image capture and processing module may capture images containing the eye area.
The composition and the working principle of the display module and the image shooting and processing module are the same as those of the first embodiment.
The working principle of the A-eye Kappa angle calculation module is the same as that of the first embodiment.
The central foveal vision line of the yellow spot of the right eye can be calculated by the central foveal vision line calculating module of the yellow spot of the A eye in real time according to the relevant steps of the first embodiment, the central line of the pupil of the right eye is calculated by the image shooting and processing module in real time, and the central foveal vision line of the yellow spot of the right eye is calculated in real time according to the Kappa angle of the right eye.
The B-eye PRL sight line calculation module may calculate the PRL sight line of the left eye in real time. Calculating the three-dimensional coordinates of the pupil center of the left eye and the three-dimensional coordinates of the centers of all cornea reflection points of the left eye to obtain the pupil center line of the left eye; according to the principle of physiological symmetry of the left eye and the right eye, the included angle between the central concave line of the macula lutea of the left eye and the pupil center line of the left eye is equal to the Kappa angle of the right eye, and the included angle directions are in mirror symmetry with the median sagittal plane of a human body, so that the central concave line of the macula lutea of the left eye can be calculated; since the PRL angle for the left eye is known, the PRL line of sight for the left eye can be calculated from the PRL angle for the left eye and the foveal line of sight for the left eye.
The training module is used for visual training, and the display module firstly displays an image P only visible for the right eyeALet the trainer watch the image PAThen, an image P visible only to the left eye is displayed at the intersection of the B-eye PRL line of sight and the display moduleB(ii) a Then image PAAnd image PBAnd keeping the simultaneous display and performing visual training. In this embodiment, the image PAAnd image PBThe display range is not more than the circular range of the visual angle with the radius less than or equal to 2 degrees.
In the visual training, the image PAAnd image PBCan be complementary images that need to be viewed simultaneously to form a complete image. Thus, when training the vision of the PRL at the left eye, the eyes can be trained simultaneouslyThe sense of vision is the function of vision simultaneously. For example, image PAIs a birdcage, only the right eye can see the birdcage; image PBIs a bird that is visible only to the left eye. Then the doctor asks the patient whether the bird and the birdcage can be seen at the same time, if so, the patient can see the bird and the birdcage at the same time; if the patient can only see the bird or the birdcage, the patient does not have simultaneous vision and further training is needed.
In the visual training, the image PAAnd image PBMay be images of the same shape and size. Therefore, when the vision of the left eye PRL is trained, the fusion visual function of the binocular vision can be trained simultaneously. For example, image PAIs a bird, only the right eye can see; image PBAnd is also a similar bird, visible only to the left eye. Then the doctor asks the patient to see a plurality of birds, if one bird is seen, the patient is indicated to have a fusion view; if two birds are seen, the patient does not have a fusion view yet and further training is required.
In the visual training, the image PAAnd image PBA stereoscopic image with binocular parallax may be used. Therefore, the stereoscopic vision function of binocular vision can be trained simultaneously when the vision of the left eye PRL is trained. For example, image PAAnd image PBCan be combined into a three-dimensional image of a small ball and moves back and forth. Then the doctor asks the patient whether the patient can see that a small ball moves back and forth, the current distance is far or near, and if the patient can correctly judge the distance, the patient is proved to have stereoscopic vision; if the patient can not judge the distance correctly, the stereoscopic vision is not available, and further training is needed.
In addition, when the left eye PRL line of sight and display module intersection change, image PBIs moved along with the position of the left-eye PRL line of sight intersection. This allows the training image to be imaged in the PRL area at all times.
EXAMPLE III
One patient, with normal retinal macula in the right eye, was an eye with normal central vision and known Kappa angle in the right eye; the macula of the retina in the left eye is diseased, central vision is degraded, and the PRL angle of the left eye is known.
A vision training device comprises a display module, an image shooting and processing module, a B-eye PRL sight line calculating module and a training module.
In the present embodiment, the B eye is the left eye.
The embodiment also comprises an electronic computer, and the image processing algorithm of the image shooting and processing module, the B-eye PRL sight line calculation module and the training module are all programs running on the electronic computer.
The display module displays content that is visible only to the left eye and not to the other eye. In this embodiment, the display module is a display, and the right eye can be shielded by the eye mask, and the content displayed by the display can be viewed by the left eye only.
The image shooting and processing module comprises 2 near-infrared cameras and 2 near-infrared light sources and can continuously shoot images of B eyes (the left eyes in the embodiment); the image processing module comprises an image processing function, can perform image processing calculation on the shot image of the area to obtain a three-dimensional coordinate of the center of the pupil of the left eye and a three-dimensional coordinate of the center of each corneal reflection point of the left eye, and the relative positions of the image shooting and processing module and the display module are known. The working principle and the embodiment are similar, but only images of B eye (left eye) areas are needed to be shot, and images of A eye (right eye) areas are not needed to be shot.
In order to better fix the head position so that the test data is more accurate, the embodiment further comprises a head fixing support, the examinee sits in front of the equipment, eyes face to the display, the chin of the examinee is placed on the head fixing support, the height of the left eye and the height of the right eye are the same, and the distance between the left eye and the distance between the right eye and the display are the same.
The B-eye PRL sight line calculation module may calculate the PRL sight line of the left eye in real time. Calculating the three-dimensional coordinates of the pupil center of the left eye and the three-dimensional coordinates of the centers of all cornea reflection points of the left eye to obtain the pupil center line of the left eye; according to the principle of physiological symmetry of the left eye and the right eye, the included angle between the central concave line of the macula lutea of the left eye and the pupil center line of the left eye is equal to the Kappa angle of the right eye, and the included angle directions are in mirror symmetry with the median sagittal plane of a human, so that the central concave line of the macula lutea of the left eye can be calculated; since the PRL angle for the left eye is known, the PRL line of sight for the left eye can be calculated from the PRL angle for the left eye and the foveal line of sight for the left eye.
The training module is used for performing visual training, and during the visual training, clear images are displayed near the intersection point of the left-eye PRL sight line and the display module, and no images or suppressed images are displayed in other areas. The image may be suppressed by one or more of blurring, reducing display resolution, dimming brightness, and reducing contrast, and the image obtained after the suppression is a suppressed image.
One training mode that the training module can use is that during visual training, clear images are displayed at the intersection of the left-eye PRL sight line and the display module, and when the intersection of the left-eye PRL sight line and the display module moves, the image display position moves along with the intersection; no image is displayed elsewhere on the display module. For example, the image may be a number, a character, a letter, a small visual target, a small animation, a flashing light spot, etc. In order to stimulate the PRL area of the retina accurately through the image, the visual angle of the image is not too large and does not exceed the circular range of the visual angle with the radius less than or equal to 2 degrees, in the embodiment, the image is an E-shaped mark with random direction changing once every 2 seconds on the display plane, the visual angle is 1 degree, the display position is the intersection point of the left-eye PRL sight line and the display module, and the left eye of a patient is required to watch the E-shaped mark with one eye and orally report the direction of the E-shaped mark to a doctor. No image is displayed elsewhere on the display module. Through visual training, because the PRL position of the left eye of the patient can be always stimulated by the image, and the other positions of the retina can not be stimulated by the image, the visual training device is helpful for the patient to gradually train better PRL vision.
The training module may also use a training mode in which, during visual training, the display module displays a clear image near the intersection of the left-eye PRL line of sight and the display module, displays a suppressed image in a region farther from the intersection of the left-eye PRL line of sight and the display module, and the image display position does not move with the movement of the intersection of the left-eye PRL line of sight and the display module. For example, an image is displayed on the display, the image is a complete Chinese text, the image display position does not move along with the movement of the left-eye PRL sight line, but the image is clearly displayed in a circular range with the intersection point of the left-eye PRL sight line and the display module as the center of a circle and the radius of the visual angle less than or equal to 2 degrees, and other areas are blurred images. In this embodiment, the range of clear image display is an area with a radius of 1 ° viewing angle, where the center of the circle is the intersection of the left-eye PRL line of sight and the display module. Therefore, when a patient reads the text with the left eye by a single eye, only the text image near the intersection point of the left eye PRL sight line and the display module can be seen clearly, and the other imaging positions of the retina correspond to fuzzy text images. Through visual training, the patient is helped to enhance the vision of the PRL.
Example four
One patient, with normal retinal macula in the right eye, was an eye with normal central vision and known Kappa angle in the right eye; the macula of the retina in the left eye is diseased, central vision is degraded, and the PRL angle of the left eye is known.
A vision training device comprises an image shooting and processing module, a B-eye PRL sight line calculating module and a liquid crystal shielding module.
In the present embodiment, the B eye is the left eye.
The image shooting and processing module comprises 2 near-infrared cameras and 2 near-infrared light sources and can continuously shoot images of the left eye; the image processing module comprises an image processing function, can perform image processing calculation on the shot image of the area to obtain a three-dimensional coordinate of the center of the pupil of the left eye and a three-dimensional coordinate of the center of each corneal reflection point of the left eye, and the relative positions of the image shooting and processing module and the display module are known.
The B-eye PRL sight line calculation module may calculate the PRL sight line of the left eye in real time. Calculating the three-dimensional coordinates of the pupil center of the left eye and the three-dimensional coordinates of the centers of all cornea reflection points of the left eye to obtain the pupil center line of the left eye; according to the principle of physiological symmetry of the left eye and the right eye, the included angle between the central foveal vision of the macula of the left eye and the pupil center line of the left eye is equal to the Kappa angle of the right eye, and the included angle directions are in mirror symmetry with the median sagittal plane of a human body, so that the central foveal vision of the macula of the left eye can be calculated; since the PRL angle of the left eye is known, the PRL line of sight of the left eye can be calculated from the PRL angle of the left eye and the foveal line of sight of the left eye.
The liquid crystal shielding module is a liquid crystal lens located in the left eye vision range, the liquid crystal lens is controlled to be transparent in the range near the intersection point of the PRL sight of the left eye and the liquid crystal lens, other areas are non-transparent, vision training is carried out, the position of the transparent area can be changed in real time according to the change of the PRL sight of the left eye of a patient, and the transparent area is always located at the intersection point of the PRL sight of the left eye and the liquid crystal lens. The relative positions of the liquid crystal shielding module and the image shooting and processing module are fixed and known. The method for controlling any area of the liquid crystal lens to be transparent or opaque can be a program running on an electronic computer or can be controlled by a miniaturized embedded system such as an FPGA (field programmable gate array). The transparent range of the liquid crystal shielding module is not more than the circular range of the visual angle with the radius less than or equal to 2 degrees by taking the intersection point of the left-eye PRL sight line and the liquid crystal shielding module as the circle center. In the present embodiment, a circular range having a radius equal to a viewing angle of 1 ° is set. Thus, the patient can see the visual field area by the left eye, only the PRL area of the left eye of the patient can be imaged, the continuous imaging stimulation is carried out on the PRL area of the left eye of the patient, and meanwhile, the other areas of the retina are stimulated by the external images, so that the training of the PRL vision of the patient is facilitated.
When performing the visual training, the content of the visual training may be images, videos, animations and the like on the display. The present device may also be integrated into wearable head-mounted apparatuses, such as head-mounted glasses, VR devices, AR devices, and the like. For example, when the present apparatus is integrated with a pair of head-mounted eyeglasses, a patient can wear such eyeglasses for a long time and perform visual training in daily life or learning.

Claims (19)

1. A visual inspection apparatus for setting one of two eyes as an eye with normal central vision, called an a-eye, and the other eye as an eye with central vision deteriorated by macular disease, called a B-eye, comprising:
the display module can display an image which can be seen by only a left eye and a right eye;
the image shooting and processing module comprises at least 2 near-infrared cameras and at least 2 near-infrared light sources and is used for continuously shooting images of the eye area; the image shooting and processing module also comprises an image processing function, and the image shooting and processing module carries out image processing calculation on the shot image of the area through the image processing function; when an A eye image is shot, the image shooting and processing module can obtain three-dimensional coordinates of the center of a pupil of the A eye and the center of each cornea reflection point of the A eye through an image processing function; when B eye images are shot, the image shooting and processing module can obtain three-dimensional coordinates of the pupil center of the B eye and the three-dimensional coordinates of the centers of all cornea reflecting points of the B eye through the image processing function; the relative positions of the image shooting and processing module and the display module are fixed and known;
the A eye Kappa angle calculation module defines the central foveal vision of the yellow spots of the A eyes as a straight line passing through the central fovea of the yellow spots of the A eyes and the center of pupils of the A eyes, and the central foveal vision of the yellow spots of the A eyes is intersected with the gazed position of the A eyes when the A eyes gaze foreign objects; the A-eye Kappa angle calculation module controls the display module to display the optotype T which can be seen only by the A-eye at the specified positionaThe examinee gazes at the optotype TaThen, the central foveal line of the macula of the A eye passes through the center of the pupil of the A eye and the visual target TaA straight line of (a); the A eye Kappa angle calculation module calculates the three-dimensional coordinates of the pupil center of the A eye and the three-dimensional coordinates of the centers of the cornea reflection points of the A eye to obtain the pupil center line of the A eye, and further calculates to obtain the Kappa angle of the A eye, wherein the Kappa angle of the A eye is the included angle between the central foveal vision line of the yellow spots of the A eye and the pupil center line of the A eye;
the B eye macular fovea vision line calculation module defines the B eye macular fovea vision line as a straight line passing through the B eye macular fovea and the center of the pupil of the B eye; calculating the three-dimensional coordinates of the pupil center of the eye B and the three-dimensional coordinates of the centers of all cornea reflection points of the eye B to obtain the pupil center line of the eye B, and further calculating to obtain the central foveal vision of the yellow spots of the eye B;
the B-eye macular foveal vision line calculation module obtains the B-eye macular foveal vision line by adopting the following method:
according to the principle of physiological symmetry of the left eye and the right eye, the included angle between the central concave line of the macula lutea of the B eye and the central line of the pupil of the B eye is equal to the Kappa angle of the A eye, the included angle directions are in mirror symmetry with the median sagittal plane of a human, and the central concave line of the macula lutea of the B eye is calculated by the central concave line of the macula lutea of the B eye calculation module;
the B-eye PRL angle detection module controls the display module to display the visual target T which can be seen only by the A eye at the designated position1The examinee gazes at the optotype T1Then, let the intersection point position of the foveal line of the macula lutea of the B eye and the display module be P0And then the B-eye PRL angle detection module controls the display module to be in P0Position display optotype T visible only to B eye2(ii) a Subject gazing sighting target T with A eye1Whether the sighting target T can be seen by B eye or not2Responding; at sighting target T2Display position P most clearly visible to subject with B eyesbAfter the B-eye PRL angle detection module obtains the B-eye PRL sight line, the B-eye PRL angle is further obtained, wherein the B-eye PRL angle is an included angle between the B-eye PRL sight line and a B-eye macular central concave sight line, and the B-eye PRL sight line passes through the display position PbAnd B the center of the eye pupil.
2. The vision inspection device of claim 1, wherein in the B-eye PRL angle detection module, the optotype T2The range displayed is the intersection position P0As the center of circle, the variable position within the radius view angle of 1-10 degrees around the circle.
3. The vision inspection device of claim 1, wherein in the B-eye PRL angle detection module, the optotype T2Is a visual target at the intersection point position P0Different positions around the circumference appear in sequence.
4. The vision inspection device of claim 1, wherein in the B-eye PRL angle detection module, the optotype T2A plurality of visual targets are arranged at the intersection point position P0Different positions around the circumference occur simultaneously.
5. The vision detection device of claim 1, further comprising an a-eye macular foveal vision line calculation module, wherein after the a-eye pupillary midline is calculated in real time through the image shooting and processing module, the a-eye macular foveal vision line calculation module obtains the a-eye pupillary midline in real time and then calculates the a-eye macular foveal vision line in real time according to a Kappa angle of the a-eye;
the B-eye PRL angle detection module is used for detecting whether the A-eye macular fovea vision line of the examined person watches the sighting target T or not by the A-eye macular fovea vision line calculation module in the detection process1Real-time monitoring is carried out, if the intersection point of the foveal vision of the macula lutea of the A eye and the display module leaves the sighting target T1The displayed position is set to be away from the sighting target T at the intersection point of the foveal vision line of the macula lutea of the A eye and the display module1The test results during the displayed position are invalid and the test is performed again.
6. A vision training apparatus for setting one of two eyes as an eye with normal central vision, called an a-eye, and the other eye as an eye with macular disease causing central vision deterioration, called a B-eye, and knowing a PRL angle of the B-eye, comprising:
the display module can display an image which can be seen by only a left eye and a right eye;
the image shooting and processing module comprises at least 2 near-infrared cameras and at least 2 near-infrared light sources and is used for continuously shooting images of the eye area; the image shooting and processing module also comprises an image processing function, and the image shooting and processing module carries out image processing calculation on the shot image of the area through the image processing function; when an A eye image is shot, the image shooting and processing module can obtain three-dimensional coordinates of the center of a pupil of the A eye and the center of each cornea reflection point of the A eye through an image processing function; when B eye images are shot, the image shooting and processing module can obtain three-dimensional coordinates of the pupil center of the B eye and the three-dimensional coordinates of the centers of all cornea reflecting points of the B eye through the image processing function; the relative positions of the image shooting and processing module and the display module are fixed and known;
the A eye Kappa angle calculation module defines the central foveal vision of the macula lutea of the A eye as a straight line passing through the central fovea of the macula lutea of the A eye and the center of a pupil of the A eye, and the central foveal vision of the macula lutea of the A eye and the gazed position of the A eye when the A eye gazes at a foreign object are the sameCrossing; the A-eye Kappa angle calculation module controls the display module to display the optotype T which can be seen only by the A-eye at the specified positionaThe examinee gazes at the optotype TaThen, the central foveal line of the macula of the A eye passes through the center of the pupil of the A eye and the visual target TaA straight line of (a); the A eye Kappa angle calculation module calculates the three-dimensional coordinates of the pupil center of the A eye and the three-dimensional coordinates of the centers of the cornea reflection points of the A eye to obtain the pupil center line of the A eye, and further calculates to obtain the Kappa angle of the A eye, wherein the Kappa angle of the A eye is the included angle between the central foveal vision line of the yellow spots of the A eye and the pupil center line of the A eye;
the A eye macula lutea central concave sight line calculation module can calculate the central line of a pupil of an A eye in real time through the image shooting and processing module, then the A eye macula lutea central concave sight line calculation module obtains the central line of the pupil of the A eye in real time, and calculates the central concave sight line of the macula lutea of the A eye in real time according to the Kappa angle of the A eye;
the B eye PRL sight line calculation module calculates the three-dimensional coordinates of the pupil center of the B eye and the three-dimensional coordinates of the centers of all cornea reflection points of the B eye to obtain the pupil center line of the B eye, calculates the central concave sight line of the yellow spots of the B eye based on the pupil center line of the B eye, and further calculates the PRL sight line of the B eye through the PRL angle of the B eye and the central concave sight line of the yellow spots of the B eye;
the B-eye PRL sight line calculation module calculates the B-eye macular fovea center sight line by adopting the following method:
defining the foveal vision of the macula lutea of the B eye as a straight line passing through the fovea macula of the B eye and the center of the pupil of the B eye; according to the principle of physiological symmetry of the left eye and the right eye, the included angle between the central concave line of the macula lutea of the B eye and the central line of the pupil of the B eye is equal to the Kappa angle of the A eye, the included angle directions are in mirror symmetry with the median sagittal plane of a human, and the central concave line of the macula lutea of the B eye is obtained by calculation of a PRL line of sight calculation module of the B eye;
a training module for controlling the display module to display the image P visible only to A eye during visual trainingALet the trainer watch the image PAThen the training module controls the display module to display an image P visible only by B eyes at the intersection of the PRL sight line of the B eyes and the display moduleB(ii) a The training module then controls the display module such that the image PAAnd image PBAnd keeping the simultaneous display and performing visual training.
7. The vision training apparatus of claim 6, wherein the training module is configured to perform the vision training with the image PAAnd image PBAre complementary images that need to be viewed simultaneously to form a complete image.
8. The vision training apparatus of claim 6, wherein the training module is configured to perform the vision training with the image PAAnd image PBAre images of the same shape and size.
9. The vision training apparatus of claim 6, wherein the training module is configured to perform the vision training with the image PAAnd image PBThe stereoscopic image has binocular parallax.
10. Visual training device according to claims 6 to 9, characterized in that in the training module, an image PAAnd image PBThe display range is not more than the circular range of the visual angle with the radius less than or equal to 2 degrees.
11. Visual training equipment according to claims 6-10 characterized in that the image P changes when the intersection of the PRL line of sight of the B-eye and the display module changesBIs moved along with the position of the display module, and is always positioned at the intersection point of the B-eye PRL sight line and the display module.
12. A vision training apparatus, wherein one of the eyes is an eye with normal central vision, called a-eye, and the Kappa angle of the a-eye is known, and the other eye is an eye with central vision decreased due to macular disease, called B-eye, and the PRL angle of the B-eye is known, comprising:
the display module is used for displaying the content which can be seen by only B eyes, and the other eye of the content displayed by the display module can not be seen;
the image shooting and processing module comprises at least 2 near-infrared cameras and at least 2 near-infrared light sources and is used for continuously shooting images of the B eyes; the image shooting and processing module further comprises an image processing function, and the image shooting and processing module performs image processing calculation on the shot image of the area through the image processing function to obtain three-dimensional coordinates of the pupil center of the eye B and three-dimensional coordinates of the centers of all cornea reflection points of the eye B; the relative positions of the image shooting and processing module and the display module are known;
the B eye PRL sight line calculation module is used for calculating the three-dimensional coordinates of the pupil center of the B eye and the three-dimensional coordinates of the centers of all cornea reflection points of the B eye to obtain the pupil center line of the B eye; the B-eye PRL sight line calculation module calculates to obtain a B-eye macular foveal sight line based on a B-eye pupil central line, and further calculates to obtain a B-eye PRL sight line through a B-eye PRL angle and the B-eye macular foveal sight line;
the B-eye PRL sight line calculation module obtains the B-eye macular fovea center sight line by the following method:
defining the foveal vision of the macula lutea of the B eye as a straight line passing through the fovea macula of the B eye and the center of the pupil of the B eye; according to the principle of physiological symmetry of the left eye and the right eye, the included angle between the central foveal vision of the macula lutea of the B eye and the central line of the pupil of the B eye is equal to the Kappa angle of the A eye, and the included angle directions are in mirror symmetry with the median sagittal plane of a human body, so that the central foveal vision of the macula lutea of the B eye can be calculated;
and the training module controls the display module to display a clear image near the intersection point of the B-eye PRL sight line and the display module during visual training, and does not display an image or display a suppressed image in other areas.
13. The vision training apparatus according to claim 12, wherein in the training module, during the vision training, the training module controls the display module to display an image at an intersection of the line of sight of the PRL in the B eye and the display module, and when the intersection of the line of sight of the PRL in the B eye and the display module moves, a position where the training image is displayed moves; no image is displayed elsewhere on the display plane.
14. The vision training apparatus of claim 13, wherein in the training module, during the vision training, the image display range does not exceed a circular range with a radius of a viewing angle less than or equal to 2 ° and with the intersection point of the PRL line of sight of the B eye and the display module as a center.
15. The vision training apparatus of claim 12, wherein the training module controls the display module to display a clear image near an intersection of the line of sight of the PRL in the B-eye and the display module and a depressed image in a region farther from the intersection of the line of sight of the PRL in the B-eye and the display module during the vision training, and the image display position does not move with the movement of the intersection of the line of sight of the PRL in the B-eye and the display module.
16. The vision training apparatus of claim 15, wherein the training module displays the training image on the display module in a range not exceeding a circular range having a radius of a viewing angle of 2 ° or less around an intersection of the PRL line of sight of the B eye and the display module.
17. A vision training apparatus, wherein one of the eyes is an eye with normal central vision, called a-eye, and the Kappa angle of the a-eye is known, and the other eye is an eye with central vision decreased due to macular disease, called B-eye, and the PRL angle of the B-eye is known, comprising:
the image shooting and processing module comprises at least 2 near-infrared cameras and at least 2 near-infrared light sources and is used for continuously shooting images of the B eyes; the image shooting and processing module further comprises an image processing function, and can perform image processing calculation on the shot image of the area through the image processing function to obtain three-dimensional coordinates of the pupil center of the eye B and the center of each cornea reflection point of the eye B;
the B eye PRL sight line calculation module is used for calculating the three-dimensional coordinates of the pupil center of the B eye and the three-dimensional coordinates of the centers of all cornea reflection points of the B eye to obtain the pupil center line of the B eye; the B-eye PRL sight line calculation module calculates to obtain a B-eye macular foveal sight line based on a B-eye pupil central line, and further calculates to obtain a B-eye PRL sight line through a B-eye PRL angle and the B-eye macular foveal sight line;
the B-eye PRL sight line calculation module obtains the B-eye macular fovea center sight line by the following method:
defining the foveal vision of the macula lutea of the B eye as a straight line passing through the fovea macula of the B eye and the center of the pupil of the B eye; according to the principle of physiological symmetry of the left eye and the right eye, the included angle between the central foveal vision of the macula lutea of the B eye and the central line of the pupil of the B eye is equal to the Kappa angle of the A eye, and the included angle directions are in mirror symmetry with the median sagittal plane of a human body, so that the central foveal vision of the macula lutea of the B eye can be calculated;
the liquid crystal shielding module is a liquid crystal lens positioned in the visual field range of the B eye, controls the liquid crystal lens to be transparent in a certain range at and near the intersection point of the PRL visual line of the B eye and the liquid crystal lens, and controls other areas to be non-transparent for visual training, and the position of the transparent area can change in real time along with the change of the PRL visual line of the B eye and is always positioned at the intersection point of the PRL visual line of the B eye and the liquid crystal lens; the relative positions of the liquid crystal shielding module and the image shooting and processing module are fixed and known.
18. The vision training device of claim 17, wherein the liquid crystal shielding module is transparent within a range not exceeding a circular range with a radius of 2 ° viewing angle around the intersection of the PRL line of sight of the B-eye and the liquid crystal lens.
19. The vision training apparatus of claim 17, wherein the vision training apparatus is integrated into a head-mounted device, the head-mounted device being a pair of head-mounted glasses, or a VR device, or an AR device.
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