RU2792149C1 - Concrete block with multiple cavities - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in manufacturing of lightweight wall products. A concrete block with multiple cavities contains a concrete matrix with cavities distributed in it, formed by a prefabricated spatial bearing tubular frame, including horizontal layers of prefabricated elements in form of two-layer tubular sections, contacting each other and consisting of a layer of bearing longitudinal and transverse devices for forming cavities made of polymer composite tubes with a gap between them for the entire length and width of the block, respectively, fastened together and with vertical fittings in form of polymer composite reinforcing bars or tubes located at the four corners of the spatial bearing tubular frame.

EFFECT: ensuring a uniform distribution of cavities in the volume, reducing material consumption and labour intensity by eliminating the need to match the size of the cavities in the block with the dimensions of the device for forming cavities, simplifying the design and manufacturing technology by eliminating the use of complex and energy-intensive equipment, increasing the strength of the block.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction and can be used in the manufacture of lightweight wall products.

Known building block containing side longitudinal walls connected by partitions with the formation of cavities to accommodate a structural or heat-insulating insert (patent RU No. 2660690, IPC E04B 2/08, 2018).

However, the complexity of the design of the block, the high labor intensity of manufacturing the block, the large weight, increase labor costs and the cost of transportation to the construction site.

Known technical solutions for the use of plastic hollow elements to reduce the weight of products, for example, a construction panel of hollow flooring containing a reinforcing cage (grids), plastic hollow spherical elements, stressed reinforcement and monolithic concrete according to the BubbleDeck technology (pobetony.ru> bloki-i-perekrytiya /babldek/).

However, in the specified technical solution, the cost of plastic hollow spherical elements is high due to the complexity of their manufacture.

It is also known to use pipes in the form of non-removable cardboard-polyethylene void formers in the production of floor slabs with round voids (RF, p.

However, the complexity of the design leads to high labor intensity of manufacturing.

Also known is a spatial reinforcement cage, consisting of rods of various diameters (Konstantopulo G.S. Machines and equipment for the production of reinforced concrete products and thermal insulation materials. - M.: Higher School, 1974. - p. 50, p. 229-230).

However, its use as an element of void formation in concrete has not been found.

The closest technical solution is a claydite-concrete block, consisting of a cement-concrete matrix, in which grains of expanded clay gravel are included, and voids formed by void formers during molding (GOST 33126-2014 Claydite-concrete wall blocks: clause 3.2 hollow block: Block with through and non-through vertical voids obtained during the molding process to give the product the necessary performance properties).

However, reduced crack resistance due to the fact that there are single voids of large volume located in the same vertical plane, which does not allow you to adjust the properties of heat and sound insulation, which, in addition, reduce the structural strength of the block and create, when the load is applied - when the block is not evenly distributed stress state, thereby reducing the strength and durability of its work. Also, the disadvantage of this expanded clay concrete block is the complexity of manufacturing due to the need to have special punches or a special form for the formation of voids, as well as to perform an additional operation for their preparation: cleaning and lubrication, as well as the technological complexity of manufacturing, which involves the use of energy-intensive and complex equipment - vibropresses, which , in general, reduces the efficiency of its manufacture.

The technical problem of the invention is the creation of a simpler design of a multi-hollow concrete block with improved mechanical and operational properties.

The technical result consists in ensuring a uniform distribution of voids in the volume, reducing material consumption and labor intensity by eliminating the need to match the size of the voids of the block with the dimensions of the void former, simplifying the design and manufacturing technology by eliminating the use of complex and energy-intensive equipment, increasing the strength of the block.

The problem posed and the technical result are achieved by the fact that in a multi-hollow concrete block containing a concrete matrix with voids distributed in it, formed by a prefabricated spatial bearing tubular frame, including horizontal layers of prefabricated elements in the form of two-layer tubular sections, in contact with each other and consisting of a layer load-bearing longitudinal and a layer of load-bearing transverse void formers made of polymer composite tubes with a gap between themselves for the entire length and width of the block, respectively, fastened to each other and to vertical posts in the form of polymer composite reinforcing bars, located at four corners of the spatial supporting tubular frame. At the same time, the vertical posts are made of polymer composite tubes.

Execution of a multi-hollow concrete block containing a concrete matrix with voids distributed in it, and the voids are formed by a prefabricated spatial bearing tubular frame, including horizontal layers of prefabricated elements in the form of two-layer tubular sections, contacting each other and consisting of a layer of bearing longitudinal and a layer of bearing transverse void formers made of polymer composite tubes with a gap between themselves for the entire length and width of the block, respectively, fastened together and with vertical posts in the form of polymer composite reinforcing bars located at four corners of the spatial supporting tubular frame (for example, with knitting wire, adhesive tape, etc.), and vertical racks can be made of polymer composite tubes, which allows, firstly, the use of a pre-fabricated spatial supporting tubular frame, allows you to simplify an important technological operation - molding and, accordingly, apply more simple this equipment: a simple form without protrusions for voids, and instead of a vibropress, use, for example, equipment that is simpler in design - a vibrating platform, secondly, the execution of prefabricated elements in the form of two-layer tubular sections that are in contact with each other and consisting of a layer of bearing longitudinal and load-bearing transverse void formers made of polymer composite tubes make it possible to increase the uniformity of void space and load distribution in the volume of the block, respectively, to increase strength and more effectively dampen sound waves with the possibility of propagation in two directions; thirdly, when a gap is formed between the polymer composite tubes, a continuous concrete matrix is formed in the volume of the block, which increases the strength of the block; fourthly, to simplify the design and manufacturing technology of the block due to the rejection of the retainers of the spatial supporting tubular frame when the longitudinal and transverse void formers from polymer composite tubes are located over the entire length and width of the block, which corresponds to the internal dimensions of the mold; fifthly, unlike the use of spheres in analogues that are difficult to manufacture, tubes are easier to manufacture even in small workshops, for which it is enough to simply cut them from ordinary standard polymer composite pipes, widely used in various sectors of the national economy, and of the required diameter, with In this case, it is possible to use waste products from the production of pipes, sixthly, the execution of racks from polymer composite reinforcing bars allows you to provide two functions at once - constructive and load-bearing - reinforcing, thereby increasing the structural strength of the concrete matrix, seventhly, the execution of racks from polymer composite tubes allows you to immediately provide two functions - void-forming and bearing, thereby increasing the voidness of the concrete block, eighthly, such a simpler block design allows for more technologically advanced molding - there is no need to use a complex mold to form voids, while it is easier to perform cleaning and lubrication of molds s, ninth, laying two-layer tubular sections with longitudinal and transverse tubes in contact with each other allows you to distribute the load more evenly on all tubular elements of the frame, thereby increasing the strength of the block, tenthly, laying alternately layers of bearing longitudinal and transverse tubes allows you to reduce the impact possible deflection of the longitudinal tubes, as the longest, under increased loads, which increases the strength and durability of the unit.

At the same time, the use of continuous polymer composite tubes for the entire length and width of the block allows the formation of voids that will be more evenly distributed in the volume of the concrete matrix, in contrast to the prototype, where there are single large voids, which increases the structural strength of the block and creates, when a load is applied - when operation of the block, a more evenly distributed stress state, thereby increasing the strength and durability of its operation.

At the same time, a stronger structure is formed between the tubes relative to each layer, creating obstacles and thereby preventing the development - growth of possible cracks, which increases the crack resistance and, accordingly, the strength of the block.

A multi-hollow concrete block is illustrated in the drawing, where in Fig. 1 shows a structural diagram of a multi-hollow concrete block, Fig. 2 - section along A-A of a multi-hollow concrete block; in fig. 3 - two-layer tubular section.

In figures 1-3 marked: 1 - concrete matrix; 2 - bearing longitudinal polymer composite tubes - void formers; 3 - bearing transverse polymer composite tubes - void formers; 4 - adhesive tape; 5 - vertical racks; 6 - fastening elements; 7 - form.

A multi-hollow concrete block consists of a concrete matrix 1, inside which a supporting spatial tubular frame is installed (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), consisting of prefabricated elements in the form of two-layer tubular sections (Fig. 3), laid in layers and consisting of bearing longitudinal 2 and transverse 3 void formers and polymer composite tubes (Fig. 2), fastened together, for example with adhesive tape 4, and vertical posts in the form of polymer composite reinforcing bars 5, for example, with clamps of knitting wire 6, located at the four corners of the spatial supporting tubular frame.

Also, a multi-hollow concrete block can be made with a spatial tubular frame, in which the vertical posts 5 are made of polymer composite tubes.

A multi-hollow concrete block is made as follows.

First, a spatial supporting tubular frame is made. To do this, cut the required number of longitudinal, length equal to the length of the block and transverse, length equal to the width of the block, polymer composite tubes 2, 3, as well as polymer composite racks from reinforcement or tube racks 5, of a given diameter equal to the height of the block. Then prefabricated elements are made in the form of two-layer tubular sections, for which the void formers are laid in one layer of longitudinal polymer composite tubes 2, and the second layer of transverse polymer composite tubes 3 with a given distance t between them and fastened together, for example, with adhesive tape 4 (Fig. 3) . Produce the required number of two-layer tubular sections. Then a spatial supporting tubular frame is assembled, for which one two-layer tubular section is taken, racks 5 are installed in their corners and fastened to them, for example, with knitting wire 6. After that, the remaining tubular sections are laid and fastened to the entire height of the block to create maximum voidness, forming a spatial supporting tubular frame. The assembled spatial supporting tubular frame is installed in the form 7 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2).

After that, the concrete mixture is prepared according to known technologies.

Then the product is molded, for which a standard form 7 is taken, for example, intended for the manufacture of a one-piece expanded clay concrete block (without voids), installed on a vibrating platform, the assembled spatial supporting tubular frame is laid in it, the prepared concrete mix 1 is loaded and vibrated (Fig. 1). In this case, during the vibration process, the tubular frame will remain in place due to the fact that its length and width correspond to the dimensions of the block. Therefore, there is no need to fix the tubular frame in the mold.

After molding the product, heat treatment is performed until the multi-hollow concrete block achieves stripping strength. Ready-made hollow-core concrete blocks are laid on the construction site in accordance with technical standards.

A more uniform distribution of voids is achieved due to the possibility of forming a structure at two stages of manufacture: at the stage of manufacturing a spatial bearing tubular frame and at the stage of molding - the formation of a supporting frame of a lightweight matrix, which, in general, makes it possible to obtain an effective lightweight building multi-hollow concrete block.

The dimensions of the polymer composite tubes, the diameter, the distance between them, as well as the number of prefabricated elements in the form of tubular sections, are set from the operating conditions of the multi-hollow concrete block, the magnitude of the perceived load and from the condition of achieving its required voidness.

When a load is applied to a multi-hollow concrete block, it works according to the general accepted scheme, mainly in compression. However, unlike a conventional hollow claydite concrete block, where there are through voids or channels along its height, weakening the cross section in these places from the action of a complex of internal stresses, in the proposed multi-hollow concrete block due to the use of continuous void formers, evenly spaced in the mutually longitudinal and transverse directions in volume, and being an integral part of the spatial prefabricated frame, the entire volume of the concrete matrix is reinforced with the formation of a more uniform field of acting stresses, due to which, in general, the bearing capacity of the multi-hollow concrete block is significantly increased.

In addition, the layers of tubes create obstacles for the development and growth of possible cracks, thereby increasing the crack resistance and, accordingly, the strength of the block.

At the same time, the voids formed by polymer composite tubes for the entire length and width of the block, during the construction, for example, walls of blocks, remain permanently closed, which does not allow moisture to accumulate in them, thereby maintaining the thermal and sound insulation properties of a multi-hollow concrete block.

The efficiency of a multi-hollow concrete block largely depends on the rational placement of its main elements, the optimal number of these elements, taking into account the nature of the load.

On the general structural diagram of a multi-hollow concrete block (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3) it can be seen that the main structural elements of a multi-hollow concrete block are interconnected, taking into account the effect of the load and the manufacturability of its manufacture by eliminating the need to control the location of polymer composite tubes in block volume, as well as the possibility of using them in different sizes. Therefore, the proposed design of a multi-hollow concrete block can work more efficiently than the known expanded clay concrete block with channels or single volumetric voids, since the entire structure provides the ability to control the degree of distribution of hollow elements in the volume, regardless of their shape and size. At the same time, the manufacturability of performing the main operations for the manufacture of a multi-hollow concrete block is increased, time losses are reduced when performing individual operations due to the exclusion from the technological chain of a complex operation for installing and fixing hollow elements in known technical solutions, as well as through the use of simpler forms without void formers and less time-consuming operation for their preparation.

It is especially effective to use the proposed technical solution in production conditions at small enterprises that do not have sophisticated equipment.

A multi-hollow concrete block was made in the form of a model in the construction laboratory of the Department of PSK TvSTU. Inspection of the destroyed model samples after the tests performed showed that the spatial supporting tubular frame in the form of continuous polymer composite tubes was located in a predetermined position without displacement and destruction, respectively, the predetermined voidness was provided. In general, model tests have shown the possibility of using a simpler technology for manufacturing the proposed design of a multi-hollow concrete block in the factory.

Claims (1)

A multi-hollow concrete block containing a concrete matrix with voids distributed in it, characterized in that the voids are formed by a prefabricated spatial bearing tubular frame, including horizontal layers of prefabricated elements in the form of two-layer tubular sections, contacting each other and consisting of a layer of bearing longitudinal and a layer of bearing transverse void formers made of polymer composite tubes with a gap between themselves for the entire length and width of the block, respectively, fastened together and with vertical posts in the form of polymer composite reinforcing bars or tubes located at four corners of the spatial supporting tubular frame.

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