RU2790994C1 - Wave mover for gas and liquid media with a distributed electric drive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: mover for transporting gas and liquid media, as well as to create a reactive force to move vehicles. A wave mover for gas and liquid media with a distributed electric drive includes a flexible tape, host sinusoidal form, drive, casing, power supply and control unit. A flexible tape, which takes a sinusoidal shape in the form of three complete cycles, is placed inside the body, a rectangular parallelepiped with open ends, the drive is a group of interacting stationary and movable electric current conductors distributed and placed on the casing and on the tape, respectively. The conductors are located perpendicular to the direction of movement of the tape ridges, stationary on the surfaces of the casing, and movable on both surfaces of the tape. The movable conductors have a bracket shape and are nested into each other with contact pads protruding at the ends, and the control unit is connected to the power source and contact buses located along the casing and separated from the stationary conductors by equal insulating gaps, while with the possibility of transferring electric current from control unit through the contact buses to the contact pads of the movable conductors, and through the switching elements of the control unit in series to the stationary conductors.

EFFECT: enhancement of mover performance, reduction of power losses and simplification of design.

1 cl, 8 dwg

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used as a mover for transporting gas and liquid media, as well as to create a reactive force to move vehicles, such as aircraft or swimming vehicles.

State of the art

Known screw pump patent (RU 2642681 C1, IPC F04D 3/02, F04D 13/08, F04D 29/18, published 01/25/2018), which consists of a cylindrical housing, inside which, coaxially with it, there is a shaft equipped with a volumetric screw cutting. The disadvantages of the device are the removal of the working section of the pipeline by the shaft and the loss of power due to the rotation of the liquid, which accordingly reduces the volume flow of the pump and leads to a decrease in specific thrust.

Known screw propeller with a highly efficient propeller blade with an increased surface of the working part (RU 2 551404, IPC B63H 1/26, F04D 29/38, B64C 11/18 published 20.05.2015). The disadvantages of the device are power losses due to the rotational motion of gases, the formation of harmful turbulences that are created at the ends of the blades, the occurrence of a reactive moment of the propeller, the gyroscopic effect, which leads to a decrease in specific thrust.

Also known is a rotary propeller (US 4048947 A, B63H 13/00, published 09/20/1977) that sets in motion fluid media such as water or air to create a rotational movement consisting of a cylindrical or truncated-conical rotor having a vertical axis, consisting of a set identical blades distributed around the periphery of the rotor, each of which has a symmetrical airfoil and is mounted so as to rotate freely about an axis that is substantially vertical and parallel to the leading edge of the rotor. Each blade, preferably having a diametrically opposite one, is mounted on the end of the attachment, having an obtuse angle of inclination, with the connection of this blade. The disadvantages of the invention are the complexity of the mechanical design, caused by the need to set the individual rotation of the blades during rotation of the entire rotor, harmful turbulence generated by the blades, the gyroscopic effect, which leads to a decrease in specific thrust.

The closest to the claimed technical solution is a propulsor for liquid media, taken as a prototype, using a traveling wave, which can be used as a pump and a source of thrust (travelingwavepropeller, pumpandgeneratorapparatuses, methodsandsystems US 2019/0055917 A1, F03B17/06, H02K7/18, publ. . 01.21.2019), which is made in the form of flexible belts, drives connected to hinges on the belt, as well as a housing and a control unit. Actuators are used to sequentially apply forces to flexible belts to create deformations, as well as to sequentially rotate hinges attached to the belts, resulting in sinusoidal deformations moving along the belts. Moving waves of sinusoidal deformations exert pressure on the fluid and cause it to move and create thrust. The disadvantages of the invention are the complexity of the mechanical design, which is due to the need for individual rotation of the levers and drives, and power loss due to imparting a rotational movement of the fluid and resistance to the movement of the flow around the drive elements.

The task to be solved by the claimed invention is to increase the propulsion performance, reduce power losses and simplify the design.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result of the invention is achieved by replacing the mechanical drive with an electric one with distributed conductors, and a flexible element that directly interacts with a liquid or gaseous medium, which is a flexible tape that performs transverse wave-like movements inside a rectangular housing of constant cross section with missing end faces, moreover, the ends of the tape are fixed on side faces of the body.

The proposed mover consists of a flexible tape that takes a sinusoidal shape, a drive, a housing, a power source, a control unit. A flexible tape, taking a sinusoidal shape in the form of three complete cycles, is placed inside the body, a rectangular parallelepiped with open ends, the drive is a group of interacting stationary and movable electric current conductors distributed and placed on the body and on the tape, respectively, while the conductors are located perpendicular to the direction of movement ridges of the tape, stationary on the surfaces of the case, and movable on both surfaces of the tape, while the movable conductors have a bracket-like spring shape and are nested into each other with contact pads protruding at the ends, and the control unit is connected to a power source and contact busbars located along the case and separated from stationary conductors by equal insulating gaps, while with the possibility of transmitting electric current from the control unit through the contact bars to the contact pads of the movable conductors, and through the switching elements of the control unit follower but on stationary conductors. A thin tape reduces the occupied internal volume and completely removes the reactive moment of the propeller and the gyroscopic effect. Rectangular box reduces harmful turbulence. Cooperating fixed and moving conductors simplify design and control.

The hallmarks are

Compared with the prototype and analogues, the proposed wave propulsion:

- does not have a complex mechanical design;

- control is simplified due to the transition from a mechanical drive to an electric one;

- power losses are reduced by reducing the turbulence of the fluid flow and reducing the hydrodynamic resistance of the fluid by the propulsion elements.

Brief description of the figure

The essence of the invention is illustrated by the drawing, where figure 1 shows an isometric view of the mover, which is the subject of the invention, figure 2 is a two-dimensional view of the tape from above, showing the location of the movable conductors on the tape, figure 3 is a two-dimensional top view of one of the movable conductors , figure 4 is a section of the tape showing the location of the moving conductors on it, figure 5 is a two-dimensional image of the mover in a longitudinal section, figure 6 is a view showing the contact of the moving conductor with the contact bus, and the flow of currents through the moving and stationary conductors, figure 7 is a view showing the interaction of a movable conductor with contact tires and stationary conductors, their attraction due to the occurrence of an Ampere force, figure 8 is a view showing the rolling of the tape along the body, and the appearance of current on a new movable conductor.

Implementation of the invention

The proposed device consists of a body (1) made of flexible sheet material, for example, a tape (2), an axis (3), a group of stationary conductors (4), a group of movable conductors (5), contact busbars (6), contact pads ( 7), power supply (8), control unit (9), slots (10), springs (11).

The body is a rectangular parallelepiped with open ends (Fig. 1). In the grooves of the inner surfaces of the housing (1) there is a group of stationary conductors (4) with a given pitch according to Fig.1. Two axes (3) are placed symmetrically on the end parts of the housing (1), the first of the axes is placed in the grooves (10) and fixed on the springs (11) according to Fig. 1, the second axis is rotatably fixed. Contact tires (6) are located on the inner surfaces along the body (1) according to Fig.1. Stationary conductors (4) have at least one gap that isolates them from the contact busbars (6).

The tape (2) is made of a flexible elastic material, for example, spring steel. The ends of the tape (2) are fixed on the axles (3) with pinching, allowing the tape to bend inside the body and rotate its ends relative to the attachment points of the axles (3). The length of the tape is greater than the length of the body, and in the fixed state it forms at least two ridges (see Fig.5). The width of the tape (2) allows it to move freely inside the housing (1) with a minimum gap. Movable conductors (5) are placed on both surfaces of the tape (2), have a bracket shape (see Fig. 2, Fig. 4), a rectangular cross section to enhance magnetic interactions and have contact pads (7) at the ends. The pitch of the movable conductors (5) of the tape (2) is equal to the pitch of the stationary conductors (4). The contact pads (7) of the movable conductors (5) are located at the ends of the conductors according to (Fig. 3). The distance between the contact pads (5) on each movable conductor of the tape (2) is equal to the distance between the contact bars (6) on the housing. Contact pads (7) are thickenings at the ends of movable conductors (5) facing one side of the tape, according to Fig. 4. Movable (5) and stationary (4) conductors, pads (7) and contact busbars (6) are made of a material with high electrical conductivity, for example, electrical. Movable (5) and stationary (4) conductors are covered with elastic electrical insulating material, such as rubber. A group of stationary conductors (4) and contact bars (6) are electrically connected to the control unit (9).

The mover works like this:

Referring to p. 223 formula 51.2 Sivukhin D. V. General course of physics. - Ed. 4th, stereotypical. - M.: Fizmatlit; MIPT Publishing House, 2004. - Vol. III. Electricity. - 656 p. - ISBN 5-9221-0227-3; ISBN 5-89155-086-5. The ampere force between two straight conductors is proportional to the product of the currents of these conductors, and inversely proportional to the distance between them. For air, with a current strength in two conductors equal to 160 A and a distance between them of 0.5 mm, the Ampere force will be equal to 2.1 N, which is sufficient to bend the tape at a given distance. With a distance between the conductors equal to 5 mm, the ampere force will be equal to 0.2 N, with an even greater increase in the distance between subsequent conductors, the magnetic interaction will tend to 0. Therefore, only those conductors that are located directly near the tape contact lines and corps.

Let's say the tape is in the position shown in Fig.5. The lines of contact of the tape are near the stationary conductors 413, 438. In order to bend the tape into a new position, it is necessary that the regions of the tape located near the stationary conductors 415, 440 begin to attract, which will be at a distance sufficient for the magnetic attraction of the tape. The remaining stationary conductors, if current is applied to them, will not be able to exert sufficient attraction.

In order to attract regions near the stationary conductors 415, 440, it is necessary that movable conductors with current are located on the tape near them. If the movable conductors will have the form of straight lines located across the tape web, it is not possible to organize the supply of current to them in a simple way. In order for such conductors to be energized, it is necessary that the conductors have a trapezoidal shape without a bottom base, be inserted into each other and have contact pads. The supply of current from the contact busbars through the contact pads to the moving conductors will be carried out to the sections located beyond the line of contact of the tape with the body. The tape will be divided into sections, which will be connected in turn one after the other along the transverse oscillation of the tape. The distance between the contact pads (5) on each movable conductor of the tape (2) is equal to the distance between the contact bars (6) on the housing. The side sections of the movable conductors do not interfere with the magnetic interaction, because they are perpendicular to the fixed conductors.

In the described position of the tape, in the area lying on the line of contact between the tape and the housing, a contact is formed between the contact bars and the contact pads of the described nearest conductors. As a result of contact, an electric current begins to run along the movable conductors. The subsequent application of an electric current to the corresponding nearby stationary conductors creates an Ampère force sufficient to bend the tape into a new position. Sections of the tape are attracted to the body due to the connection with movable conductors, which are affected by the Ampere force. Bending occurs by pressing sections of the tape between the line of contact with the body and the movable conductor with current to the body.

Sections of the tape are bent into a new position, i.e. to the next stationary conductors in order, giving the overall outline of the tape a new shape. Interacting sequentially with each of the stationary conductors for its oscillation, the tape comes to its last position of the cycle, after which the tape can take static states only after “springing”, as a result of which the location of the tape crests becomes a mirror of the original state, relative to the longitudinal line. In the new initial position, the contact pads of the first movable conductors to start the cycle are connected to the contact bars. The cycle is repeated.

Control unit operation algorithm:

1. The control unit (9) supplies direct current from the power supply (8) to the contact bars (6).

2. The control unit (9) periodically connects and disconnects the stationary conductors (4) to the tires (6) in a given time sequence, the connection time of the conductors is less than the time of their critical heating and is about 5 ... 50 ms.

3. When connecting the fixed conductors (4) to the busbars (6), an electric current flows through the fixed conductors (4).

4. The contact pads (7) of the conductors located on the ridges of the tape touch the contact bars (6), currents from the contact bars (6) flow through these conductors.

5. Currents through stationary and moving conductors flow in one direction. Due to the Ampere force acting on the conductors with current, and due to the unidirectionality of currents in the conductors, stationary and moving conductors, through which currents flow, attract each other, bending the tape into a new position.

6. The section of the tape, on which the movable conductor is located with the Ampere force acting on it, bends the tape (2) into a new position. In the new position, the new movable conductors of the tape are closed. The change in the position of the ribbon ridges occurs until the sections of the ribbon from the first axis to the first touch point and from the last touch point to the second axis acquire a critical curvature. When the critical curvature of the lateral sections is reached, the tape changes its stable state to a mirror one, relative to the longitudinal axis. In the new state, the movement of the ridges occurs according to the same principle.

7. The medium, liquid or gas, located between the tape (2) and the body (1), when moving the ridges of the tape (2), is moved by the tape (2) in the direction of movement of the ridges.

8. Thus, the operation of the mover as a source of thrust or a pump is ensured.

An example of the cycle of operation of the proposed device:

1. Assume the belt (2) is in the position shown in FIG. 6. In this position, the ridges of the tape (1) are close to some conductors of the housing (1), for example, conductors 413, 438 (see Fig. 7).

2. The pads (7) of the conductors 513, 538 of the tape touch the contact bars (6). A current I _l flows through the corresponding movable conductors of the tape. (Fig. 7).

3. The control unit (7) connects the body conductors 415, 440 to the contact bars, while currents flow through the conductors 415, 440I _To during the switching time (Fig. 8).

4. The movable conductors 513, 538 are attracted to the stationary conductors 415, 440 by the Ampere and magnetic forces, bending the ribbon into a new position. In the new position, the new conductors of the tape are closed, let's say 515, 540 (Fig. 9).

5. The tape, due to its elasticity, is bent away from the body at the points of closing of the previous stationary conductors (413, 438), thereby breaking the connection of the contact bars (6) and contact pads (7). The control unit (7) disconnects the body conductors 415, 440 from the contact bars (FIG. 8).

6. Next, the cycle is repeated with the next stationary conductors in order, i.e. 415, 440.

7. The cycle is repeated until the critical curvature of the side sections of the tape (2) is reached and the stable state changes to a mirror one relative to the longitudinal axis. The control unit (7) connects the stationary conductors (4) closest to the tape (2) to the contact bars (6) in order to magnetize sections of the tape (2) to them and create contact between the contact pads (7) of the movable conductors (5) and the contact bars (6).

8. An electric current begins to run along the extreme movable conductors (5).

9. The cycle is repeated first with the next fixed conductors (5).

The mover is made as follows. The two halves of the body, which are a longitudinal section, are cast in plastic, for example, from Smooth-Cast 310. After solidification, the blanks are taken out of the molds and sent for cleaning casting defects. On a flexible tape made of spring steel 50KhSA with a thickness of 0.01, copper conductors are applied by galvanic method, after which they are covered with an insulating material - rubber. After that, stationary conductors are installed in the grooves, contact tires made of electrical copper M1E with a diameter of 2.44 mm. The two halves are then fused together and a flexible band is installed. With the hull parameters L=0.4 m, D=0.1 m, H=0.01 m (where L, D, H are the length, height and width of the hull, respectively), the weight of the propulsor without load is 2 kg, the thrust force is equal to 10.5 kg at a belt frequency of 300 Hz and is described by the formula:F _thrust =0.175*ρ _environments L ² D.H.v _hesitation ², (p _environments - medium density [kg/m³],v _hesitation is the oscillation frequency of the tape [Hz]). The specific thrust isF _oud=105:2=52.5H/kg. As a result, the developed specific thrust of the wave propulsion for gas and liquid media with a distributed electric drive is higher than that of the prototype.

It can be seen from the application example that the proposed mover does not require special materials, can be manufactured using well-known technical means and provides a technical result. Therefore, it has industrial applicability.

Claims (1)

A wave propulsor for gas and liquid media with a distributed electric drive, including a flexible tape that takes a sinusoidal shape, a drive, a housing, a power source, a control unit, characterized in that the flexible tape that takes a sinusoidal shape in the form of three complete cycles is placed inside the housing, rectangular parallelepiped with open ends, the drive represents a group of stationary and movable conductors of electric current, distributed and placed on the body and on the tape, respectively, while the conductors are located perpendicular to the direction of movement of the ridges of the tape, stationary on the surfaces of the body, and movable on both surfaces of the tape, while movable conductors have a bracket shape and are nested into each other with contact pads protruding at the ends, and the control unit is connected to a power source and contact bars located along the body and separated from stationary conductors by equal insulating gaps, while with the possibility of transmitting electric current from the control unit through the contact busbars to the contact pads of the movable conductors, and through the switching elements of the control unit in series to the stationary conductors.

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