RU2790981C1 - Wheel unit for the treatment of crops from diseases - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural machinery.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be used for spraying fungicides and other drugs in the treatment of cultivated plants. Plant for treating crops against diseases contains a wheeled vehicle, a sprayer with a container for fungicides mounted on it, a device for their supply, controlled sprayers mounted on a solid frame, a command for their consumption, a color video camera. The atomizers additionally contain a cylindrical nozzle with several calibrated holes located at different heights of its fixed end walls, while inside the cylindrical nozzle, between its end walls, an axis is fixed, on which, with the possibility of rotation around it, a disk diaphragm with a displaced center of gravity is installed, holes are placed on the diaphragm, coaxial to the holes of the end walls of the nozzle, while the diameter of the apertures of the diaphragm, located at the level of its axis and above, is made larger than the diameter of the holes coaxial to them on the outer end wall of the cylindrical nozzle.

EFFECT: reduction of non-target fungicide consumption during operation of the plant treatment device is provided.

3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be used for spraying fungicides and other drugs in the treatment of crops from diseases.

A known method and device for the supply of herbicides depending on the number of weeds, adjustable optically with the processing of the results using a computer. The method is implemented by a device containing a sprayer with a container for herbicides, devices for their supply, sprayers, a color video camera, a computer with a database, a pulse generator for turning the sprayers on and off depending on the number of weeds located in the viewed area of the field (DE 4132637 A01M 7/ 00 1996.10.15). However, in the known device, the consumption of herbicides depends on the total number of weeds that fell into the field of view of the optical sensor. This does not take into account the individual location of the weeds on the sprayed area, and it is sprayed all, which leads to overspending of herbicides.

The closest in its technical essence is a device for controlled weed control, containing a sprayer with a container for fungicides, a device for their supply, sprayers, a color video camera, a command for their consumption (RU 2129785, 10.05.1999).

The disadvantage of this technical solution is that controlled sprayers cannot simultaneously execute mutually contradictory commands when it is necessary to take into account the places where the fungicide is applied to the main mass of vegetation infected with the disease and take into account the flaws in the field surface. In this case, part of the fungicide is uselessly spent on watering the soil. A particularly large amount of fungicides is used indiscriminately by the end nozzles of the one-piece frame.

The problem solved by the present invention is to reduce the waste of the fungicide during the operation of the plant treatment device.

The technical result of the invention lies in the fact that the extreme sprayers of the device track the unevenness of the field surface mechanically, without interfering with the tasks solved by the control system of the sprayers, and in critical cases, partially stop the supply of the fungicide.

The task and the specified technical result are achieved due to the fact that in the unit for the treatment of crops from diseases, containing a wheeled vehicle, a sprayer mounted on it with a container for fungicides, a device for supplying them, controlled sprayers mounted on a solid frame, a color video camera, according to the invention, the sprayers additionally contain a cylindrical nozzle with several calibrated holes placed at different heights of its end walls, while inside the cylindrical nozzle, between its end walls, an axis is fixed, on which, with the possibility of rotation around it , a diaphragm with a displaced center of gravity is installed, holes are placed on the diaphragm coaxial with the holes of the end walls of the nozzle, while the diameter of the holes of the diaphragm located at the level of its axis and above is made larger than the diameter of the holes coaxial with them on the outer end wall of the cylindrical nozzle . The holes on the outer end wall of the cylindrical nozzle are made of the same diameter.

In FIG. 1 shows a general diagram of a wheeled unit for the treatment of crops from diseases;

In FIG. 2 diagram of the boom with sprayers installed on it;

In FIG. 3 front view of the spray nozzle;

In FIG. 4 view of the nozzle of the sprayer from the side (section);

In FIG. 5 isometric view of the nozzle;

The unit consists of a sprayer mounted on a mobile wheeled power vehicle 1 including a container 2, a boom 3 with sprayers 4. The sprayer container 2 is connected to the boom 3 and sprayers 4 by means of a hydraulic line 5 through a pump and a pressure regulator (not shown in Fig.). The mobile power tool 1 has a color video camera 6 connected to an image analyzer 7, a color setter 8. By the signal of the setter 8, the image analyzer determines the presence of disease-infected vegetation, and the command unit 9 instructs the solenoid valve 10 to supply liquid and the regulator 11 of the spray angle γ of the spray gun 4, to rotate through the angle ϕ in the vertical plane and/or shift the spray guns 4 transversely. horizontal plane by the value n along the guides 12 by the actuator 13.

On the atomizers 4, cylindrical nozzles 14 are additionally installed, with several calibrated holes 19, located at different heights on its outer end part. Inside each nozzle, an axis 15 is installed, fixed in the center of the outer 16 and inner 17 of its fixed end walls. On the axis 15 there is a disk diaphragm 18, which has the ability to rotate freely. Diaphragm 18 has a displaced center of gravity, allowing it to be constantly held in a position perpendicular to the attraction of the center of the Earth. Holes 19 coaxial to each other are made on the diaphragm 18 and on the end walls 16 and 17. Moreover, those holes of the diaphragm 18 that are coaxial with the holes of the outer end wall 16 and located at the level of the axis of the diaphragm 18 or above it are made of a larger diameter than similar holes placed on outer end wall 16 of the nozzle. This does not allow them to be completely blocked by the diaphragm 18 when turning at the moment of large inclinations of the rod 3 or sharp changes in its height, in contrast to the holes lying below the axis of the diaphragm 18 attachment.

The device works as follows. When the device moves, all sprayers 4 are in the field of view of the color video camera and plants are treated, under the influence of the disease, the stem of which has changed their color. In the setter 8, the color of diseased plants is set, for example, to a code of yellow. When a yellow signal enters the color camera in one or more areas of the cultivated field, the image analyzer 7 issues a command to turn on the corresponding sprayer 4 through the command block 9 and the solenoid valve 10. If the infected area occupies an incomplete width n of the treated area, then the analyzer 7 issues commands to rotation of the nozzles 4 to the actuator 11 of the angle of rotation.

To prevent part of the sprayed solution from falling on the ground, when one or more wheels of the power tool hit the unevenness of the soil, which the video camera and the recognition system do not track, the nozzles 14 installed on the sprayers 4 are triggered. The nozzle is a hollow cylinder with two fixed end walls, inside which between the end walls is placed on a fixed axis freely rotating diaphragm with a center of gravity displaced relative to its axis 15, having holes coaxial with the holes of the front and rear end walls. The diameter of these holes on the diaphragm is different. It is also different in comparison with the coaxial holes of the front end wall, which lie at the level of the axis of symmetry of the diaphragm and above it. On the inner end wall of the nozzle, there are also coaxial holes connecting the atomizer cavities and the nozzle cavity. When the energy means work on a flat horizontal surface, all the symmetry axes of the apertures of the diaphragm and the front end surface of the nozzle coincide and execute the commands of the color analyzer and the actuator to output the liquid volume. As soon as one of the wheels of the power tool hits an unevenness on the soil surface or the power tool works on a field with a slope, the rods 3 with sprayers 4 are tilted at an angle to the horizon surface. The sprayers 4 together with the nozzles also tilt, and the diaphragm 18, located in the nozzle, due to the fact that it has a shifted center of gravity relative to the axis of rotation, remains in place and thereby blocks the lower hole, stopping the supply of fungicide through it. At this time, the apertures of the diaphragm, located at the level of the axis of its rotation and above it, due to the small angle of rotation of the diaphragm and due to the fact that they have a larger diameter than the apertures of the front end wall coaxial with them, operate in the same throughput mode, since they do not can block the holes of the outer end wall of the nozzle. At the command of the recognition system, the actuator and the operation of the electrovalve 10, the required amount of the sprayed liquid is dispensed through them. When leveling the field surface or overcoming the unevenness, the rod 3 returns to the horizontal position, the alignment of the lower holes of the diaphragm and the end wall of the nozzle is aligned, and all calibrated holes of the nozzle work in normal mode. By monitoring the supply of a jet of liquid through the lower holes of the proposed nozzle, there is a significant savings in the consumption of chemicals and a decrease in their negative impact on the soil.

Claims (3)

1. A unit for the treatment of crops from diseases, containing a wheeled vehicle, a sprayer hung on it with a container for fungicides, a device for supplying them, controlled sprayers mounted on a solid frame, a command for their consumption, a color video camera, characterized in that sprayers additionally contain a cylindrical nozzle with several calibrated holes placed at different heights of its fixed end walls, while inside the cylindrical nozzle, between its end walls, an axis is fixed, on which, with the possibility of rotation around it, a disk diaphragm with a displaced center of gravity is installed, holes are placed on the diaphragm, coaxial to the holes of the end walls of the nozzle, while the diameter of the apertures of the diaphragm, located at the level of its axis and above, is made larger than the diameter of the holes coaxial to them on the outer end wall of the cylindrical nozzle. 2. The unit according to claim. 1, characterized in that the holes on the outer end wall of the cylindrical nozzle are made of the same diameter. 3. The unit according to claim. 1, characterized in that the sender of the command for the flow rate of the atomizers is a pulse generator for turning the atomizers on and off.

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