RU2789869C1 - Apparatus for tightening the knot of the firefighting rescue rope in an eyesplice - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: firefighting.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of producing firefighting rescue ropes intended for securing firefighters when extinguishing fires and during the associated emergency rescue work. Apparatus for tightening the knot consists of a base with a perpendicular support pad secured thereon, two stiffeners, an axle of rotation, a support and friction roller with notches, and a pivoted lever with a toothed clamp, installed on the roller eccentrically to the axle of rotation. The support and friction roller with notches is secured on the axle between the stiffeners. A funnel-shaped centring guide sleeve and a through groove connecting the sleeve with the support pad are located on the support pad.

EFFECT: increase in the force of tightening the knot compared to manual tightening by 2 to 15 times with a simultaneous increase in the strength of securing the knot.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of production in the formation and tightening of knots in the thimble, in the production of fire rescue ropes (hereinafter referred to as the FRS), intended for the insurance of firefighters when extinguishing fires and carrying out related rescue operations. A distinctive feature of the EPS is the presence at both ends of a metal thimble embedded in a knot (GOST P 53266-2009 "Fire fighting equipment. Fire rescue ropes. General technical requirements. Test methods"). As is known, when a significant load is applied to ropes and cords made of synthetic materials, their reversible and irreversible stretching occurs, and at high loads, an additional irreversible deformation of the metal thimble occurs. Under the action of the load, the rope in the thimble loop is pulled out, and the knot itself is tightened, without the possibility of untying and correcting it. As a result, there is a backlash in the sealing of the thimble, which eventually leads to the possibility of the metal thimble falling out of the assembly. This is considered a violation of the design and leads to the removal of an efficient air force from the combat crew.

Traditionally, the design of the VPS knot with a thimble is handmade. The worker performs a technological operation, applying the force of the hands and body. Therefore, the tightening torque may vary depending on which person and with what physical data did the work or what the same person's condition at a particular point in time. In addition, this method requires an excess length of the free end of the EPS, in order to be able to apply a load to it simultaneously with both hands, which is cut off after the knot is formed and tightened. This method has disadvantages: a person is forced to make two efforts at the same time to hold the cord and to stretch it; knot tightening is controlled visually, by the appearance of the knot; during the operation, from 10 to 30 centimeters of the EPS is cut off and disposed of, which leads to an overrun of the material.

There are ways to increase the tightening force through the use of mechanical devices that capture the cord. For example: jumar, hibler clamp, various options for rope clamps or belay devices. In this case, the worker has the opportunity to apply efforts entirely to the stretch, without wasting force on holding the cord with his hand. A slight increase in tightening force is provided and the length of the technological end is reduced, for subsequent removal and disposal. The disadvantages include the direct application of efforts by a person, which is the reason for the knot tightening forces differing in magnitude on different samples of the EPS.

Various devices are known for tensioning a rope or rope.

For example, a device for tensioning ropes (USSR patent 287266 dated 07/02/1971, class 35a, 9/18, IPC B66b 7/10, UDC 622.673.7 (088.8)). The device is a guide frame with two traverses connected by vertical rods. A hydraulic jack is fixed to the traverses, by moving the piston of which, the cable attached to the lower traverse is tightened. The disadvantage of this method lies in the working vertical position of the device, the need to fix the running end of the rope to the traverse, the purpose of the device to create high tension forces with a small free play of the cable.

There is a patent for a device for pre-tensioning a rope (patent SU 1016432 dated 12/10/1981, class E02F 3/36, UDC 621.879.34 (088.8)). The device combines two tensioning methods, using a threaded pair and using hydraulic cylinders. The free play of the unloaded cable is preselected by the threaded bushing, then the required force is achieved by the piston group. The device is bulky, time-consuming in continuous operation, therefore it is used in cases where, after tensioning the cable, the device remains together with the cable at the place of use.

There is an invention for a method for tensioning cable-stayed ropes (patent SU 1294968 A1 dated 08.10.1984, class E04G 21/26, UDC 69.057.693 (088.8)). The device is oriented to tension several ropes through power links attached to the middle of the ropes. The power links, in turn, are attached to the appropriate tensioner, which produces the calculated force using the lifting mechanism. The method is hypothetical, without practical study. The likely advantages in reducing energy intensity are offset by the difficulty in pre-conditioning and the archaic way of applying the load by means of a lowering weight.

The most common variants of inventions for tensioning ropes using threaded bushings and hydraulic cylinders, such as a device for pre-tensioning ropes (patent SU 1154411 A dated December 26, 1983, class E02F 3/36, UDC 621.879.34 (088.8)). The general principle of operation is as follows, the free play of the rope without load is selected by a threaded sleeve, and the main force is applied using a hydraulic cylinder. These devices are not designed for continuous repetitive operation, as they require draining the liquid from the cylinders after the end of the tension.

Also, only screw tension methods are often used, for example, a rope tension mechanism (patent SU 1400932 A1 dated October 29, 1986, class B61B 12/10, UDC 621.864 (088.8)). Tension mechanism screw type lanyard. The design provides an additional clamp, which serves only to temporarily hold the rope when the main clamp is moved by the next step of the assembly tension. The disadvantages include the low speed of movement of the working body along the screw pair in both directions, towards the application of the load and its removal.

As a mechanical method of rope tension, it is possible to use lifting mechanisms, for example, a winch for rope tension (USSR patent 305128 dated 06/04/1971, IPC B66d 1/30, UDC 621.861/.864 (088.8)). The winch provides self-tensioning and regulation of the rope tension by manually adjusting the gearbox, which consists of a worm wheel mounted on the shaft and a spur gear kinematically connected to satellite gears. The winch is designed for pulling long ropes, mainly on lifting equipment.

Another tension option is a device for tensioning a flexible element (patent SU 1390179 A1 dated May 13, 1985, class B66D 1/30, UDC 621.864 (088.8)). The device belongs to drum-type lifting mechanisms. The essence of the invention does not relate to the creation of the required force when tensioning the rope, but to improve the accuracy and convenience of the tension process. The idea is realized on long ropes, with a mechanical drive.

There are patents for knotting to save the cut end of the rope. For example, a knotter for agricultural harvesting machines (patent SU 97067 dated 10/01/1951, IPC A01D 59/04, class 45 s, 30). This device avoids tie-offs and unused ends of the twine remaining in the clamps of the machines when the twine is cut. Due to the specific features of the node for sheaves, the device has a narrow scope. The twine is pulled not in the knot, but in the loop that the knot fixes. Twine jamming mechanism, spring-loaded clamp. Manual work is not provided.

There is also a device for making a loop at the end of the rope (patent SU 600227 A1 dated 03.30.1978, IPC D07B 7/16 (2006.01), D07B 9/00 (2006.01), UDC 621.778.5. (088.8). The invention relates to the field of rope production for use in automatic lines in the manufacture of slings.The main idea of the patent is in the implementation of a continuous mechanical process of forming a loop at the end of the cable.The loop is formed mechanically, a crimp sleeve is preliminarily put on the end of the cable to form the loop. sleeves going on another device.

To form a knot on steel ropes, a rope braiding machine is known (patent SU 662645 A1 dated 15/05/1979, D07B 7/16 (2006.01), UDC 621.778.5 (088.8)). The machine does not stretch the loop, but braids the rope threads (fire), while inserting the thimble. The machine is only designed to work with steel ropes. Theoretically, it is possible to braid twisted (twisted) cords, but not cords with an external braid.

The closest in terms of the basic idea of holding a rope or a flat tightening material is a device for pulling ropes (patent SU 1083014 A dated 03.12.1982, class F16G 11/04, UDC 621.85.053 (088.8)). The device is a cage of a rotating block and a pivotally connected spring-loaded eccentric pawl. The rope is placed between the block and the pawl. When moving in one direction, the rope overcomes the force of the spring and freely passes between the block and the two-arm pawl. When the rope moves in the opposite direction, the pawl will jam it in the block stream. The device only allows fixing the applied load, but does not consider the method of tension.

An analysis of existing technical solutions has shown that the known methods and devices do not solve the problem of tightening the knot of a braided rope with a thimble, solved by the claimed device.

The use of this device allows you to:

- facilitate the physical labor of a person in a given technological operation;

- minimize the human factor in the production process;

- ensure the convergence and repeatability of the result of the technological operation;

- minimize waste in the production of EPS;

- exclude the visual method of quality control of the technological operation of the tightening force, the introduction of a tool production method.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is to ensure the uniformity of the operation to tighten the node on the VPS with a thimble. The device for tightening the knot consists of a base with a support platform fixed on it perpendicularly and two stiffening ribs. On the support platform there is a centering guide sleeve, funnel-shaped with a through groove for laying the rope and fixing the knot. Between the stiffening ribs, a notched support-friction roller is fixed on the axle. On the roller, eccentrically to the axis of rotation, a lever with a toothed clamp is pivotally fixed.

The tightened assembly with the thimble is placed in the funnel of the guide sleeve. The rope is fed through the groove onto the roller. The lever is raised to a vertical position, the rope is placed between the roller and the toothed clamp. When the lever is lowered, the eccentric clamp is activated, the rotation is transferred to the support roller, the free play of the rope is selected and the knot is tightened.

This device allows:

- increase the knot tightening force compared to manual tightening from 2 to 15 times;

- increase the strength of fixation of the knot;

- unify the process of knot formation and its tightening force;

- to improve the operational characteristics of the EPS, in relation to the resistance of the assembly with the thimble to the effects of static and dynamic loads.

In determining the compliance of the distinctive features of the invention with the criterion of "inventive step", the prior art was analyzed and, in particular, known methods and devices related to technical solutions related to the tension of the cord and rope.

Thus, the distinguishing features of the proposed technical solution are new and meet the criterion of "novelty".

Based on the foregoing, it can be concluded that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "inventive step", and the invention itself is new.

When implementing the proposed technical solution, the following information must be taken into account.

The knot tightening force is regulated by the force applied to the lever. Thus, knowing the average force applied by the worker to a certain point of the lever, it is possible to set the value of the tightening force. If it is necessary to accurately establish the force, it is possible to replace a simple, all-metal lever with a torque wrench or control the tightening force on the lever with a control instrument such as a dynamometer.

The setting of the device is reduced to a cord diameter of 11 ± 1 mm, the design and density of the corresponding EPS according to the requirements of GOST P 53266-2009 “Fire fighting equipment. Fire rescue ropes. General technical requirements. Test Methods". This avoids rope slippage during tightening, excessive pinching, damage to the braid and internal threads.

The device has been tested for tying a rope into a thimble with a weaver-in-loop knot.

The figure 1 shows a diagram of the device. The device for tightening the knot is a welded metal structure consisting of a base 1 with a support platform 2 fixed on it perpendicularly and two stiffening ribs 3.

On the support platform there is a centering guide sleeve 4, funnel-shaped and a through groove for laying the rope and fixing the knot. Between the stiffening ribs on the axis, a support-friction roller with notches 5 is fixed. On the roller, eccentrically to the axis of rotation, a lever 6 with a toothed clamp 7 is hinged.

The device works as follows. The knot to be tightened is placed in the funnel of the guide sleeve 4. The rope is fed through the groove onto the roller. The lever 6 rises to a vertical position, the rope is placed between the roller 5 and the toothed clamp 7. When the lever is lowered, the eccentric clamp is activated, the rotation is transferred to the support roller, the free play of the rope is selected and the knot is tightened. If necessary, the operation is repeated, depending on the specified tightening torque of the assembly and the settings of the device.

Claims (1)

A device for tightening a knot, consisting of a base with a support platform fixed on it perpendicularly, two stiffeners, an axis of rotation, a notched support-friction roller and a hinged lever with a toothed clamp mounted on the roller eccentrically to the axis of rotation, characterized in that the support- the friction roller with notches is fixed on the axis between the stiffening ribs, on the support platform there is a funnel-shaped centering guide bushing and a through groove that combines the bushing and the support platform.

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