RU2789321C2 - Hydrous explosive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: industrial explosives.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to industrial explosives and can be used in the mining industry in the development of mineral deposits, which are characterized by the properties of flooded conditions: swelling, plasticity, stickiness, soakability and a high softening factor when testing rocks for compressive strength, tensile strength, indentation and shear. Water-containing explosive includes ammonium nitrate, TNT, urea and water in a ratio that provides zero oxygen balance. Additionally contains potassium bichromate, liquid glass and silicic acid gel in the following ratio of components by weight: ammonium nitrate - 74.50-74.98; TNT - 12; carbamide - 3.58-4.00; water - 8; potassium dichromate - 0.02; liquid glass - 0.05; silicic acid gel - 0.95.

EFFECT: increased thermochemical stability, physical stability and explosive properties of the explosive suitable for breaking sulphide-containing and oxide ores.

1 cl, 2 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to industrial explosives and can be used in the mining industry in the development of mineral deposits, which are characterized by the properties of flooded conditions (swelling, plasticity, stickiness, soakability and a high softening factor when testing rocks for compressive strength, tension , indentation and shear).

A water-containing explosive is known, including TNT, water, an inhibitor (liquid glass), a thickener (silicic acid gel), an oxidizing agent and mineral oil or diesel fuel (see RF patent No. 2118307, IPC C06B 31/42, 1998).

The disadvantage of the known solution is the lack of oxygen balance.

As the closest analogue (prototype) adopted water-containing explosive containing ammonium nitrate, TNT, urea and water in the following ratio, wt.%:

ammonium nitrate - 73

TNT - 15

carbamide - 4

water - 8

(see RF patent No. 2199513, IPC C06B 31/42, C06B 25/04, 2003).

A significant disadvantage of the closest analogue is the lack of thermochemical stability and, as a consequence, the possibility of a solution of ammonium nitrate with drill cuttings.

The reason for this is the absence of an inhibitor component in the composition of explosives, which does not allow using it for breaking sulfide-containing and oxide ores, and also leads to charge separation. This sharply reduces the explosive performance during detonation, the efficiency of the explosion and increases the cost of breaking.

The task to be solved by the claimed invention is the development of a composition of a water-containing explosive with increased thermochemical stability, physical stability and explosive performance, suitable for breaking sulphide-containing and oxide ores.

The technical result, which manifests itself in solving the problem, is expressed in an increase in thermochemical stability, physical stability and explosive performance of an explosive suitable for breaking sulphide-containing and oxide ores.

The problem is solved in that a water-containing explosive containing ammonium nitrate, TNT, urea and water in a ratio that provides zero oxygen balance is characterized in that it additionally contains potassium bichromate, liquid glass and silicic acid gel in the following ratio of components by weight:

ammonium nitrate - 74.50-74.98

TNT - 12

carbamide - 3.58-4.00

water - 8

potassium bichromate - 0.02

liquid glass - 0.05

silicic acid gel - 0.95.

Comparative analysis of the features of the proposed solution with the features of the prototype and analogues indicates the compliance of the claimed solution with the criterion of "novelty".

At the same time, the features of the claims provide a solution to the following functional problems.

The sign "a water-containing explosive ... additionally contains potassium bichromate" contributes to an increase in the water solubility of the oxidizing agent - ammonium nitrate.

The feature "water-containing explosive ... additionally contains liquid glass" describes the type of inhibitor used, which makes it possible to increase the thermochemical stability of the explosive when it comes into contact with sulfide-containing and/or oxide ores due to the fact that liquid glass effectively neutralizes the acid formed as a result of the interaction of a hot oxidizer solution (ammonium nitrate) with sulfide ores, while the components characteristic of the composition of oxide ores (iron, aluminum, chromium, tungsten, manganese) do not reduce the explosive performance of explosives in the process of its interaction with ores (Andreev K.K., Belyaev A. F. Theory of explosives. - M.: Oborongiz, 1960. - 596 p.).

Liquid glass is also molecularly fixed on the surface of drill cuttings with the formation of colloidal particles that form a protective film, which makes it difficult for the oxidizer (ammonium nitrate) to contact sulfides (Andreev K.K., Belyaev A.F. Theory of explosives. - M .: Oborongiz, 1960. - 596 p.).

The feature "hydrous explosive ... additionally contains silicic acid gel" describes the type of thickener used.

Signs "with the following ratio of components by weight:

ammonium nitrate - 74.50-74.98

TNT - 12

carbamide - 3.58-4.00

water - 8

potassium bichromate - 0.02

liquid glass - 0.05

silicic acid gel - 0.95 "

describe the optimal ratio of components to each other.

In a water-containing explosive with a mass ratio of liquid glass relative to other components of more than 0.1, the pH of the oxidizer solution (ammonium nitrate) shifts to the alkaline region, where metal derivatives of TNT are formed, which have an increased sensitivity to impact and friction, close to the sensitivity of initiating explosives , which reduces the safety of handling and use.

When the mass ratio of liquid glass relative to other components is less than 0.01, this amount is not enough to neutralize the acid and prevent the reaction of the interaction of the oxidizing agent solution (ammonium nitrate) and sulfides.

The inventive water-containing explosive is produced at the site of application in 2 stages.

At the first stage, a dry mixture is prepared, for which ammonium nitrate, TNT, urea and potassium bichromate are mixed in a rotary mixer at a speed of 120-180 rpm for 6-8 minutes at an ambient temperature of 10-30°C.

At the second stage, liquid glass, silicic acid gel and water are introduced into the dry mixture and mixed in a rotary mixer at a speed of 100-150 rpm for 5-6 minutes at an ambient temperature of 10-30°C.

The compositions of water-containing explosives are given in table 1.

Table 1
Compositions of water-containing explosives Component Name Prototype Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 ammonium nitrate 73 74.50 74.74 74.98 TNT 15 12 12 12 urea 4 3.58 3.79 4 water 8 8 8 8 potassium bichromate - 0.02 0.02 0.02 liquid glass - 0.05 0.05 0.05 silica gel - 0.95 0.95 0.95

The obtained samples of water-containing explosives were tested in accordance with GOST 14839.3-69, GOST 7140-81, the obtained characteristics are shown in table 2.

table 2
Characteristics of slurry explosives Indicators Prototype Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Initial density, kg / m ³ 1480 1497 1506 1510 Detonation speed, m/s 6278 6370 6370 6370 Specific heat of explosion, MJ/kg 3670 4154 4391.5 4629 Volumetric heat of explosion, MJ/kg 5430 5480 5500 5520 Oxygen balance, % 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Based on the data in Table 2, we can conclude that the claimed composition, with a decrease in the content of the explosive component (TNT), has higher detonation parameters, since an increase in the concentration of diatomic gases (which are part of carbamide) leads to an increase in the volume of explosion products and, as a result, to an increase in work explosion.

Claims (8)

A water-containing explosive containing ammonium nitrate, TNT, urea and water in a ratio that provides zero oxygen balance, characterized in that it additionally contains potassium dichromate, liquid glass and silicic acid gel in the following ratio of components by weight: ammonium nitrate - 74.50-74.98 TNT - 12 carbamide - 3.58-4.00 water - 8 potassium dichromate - 0.02 liquid glass - 0.05 silicic acid gel - 0.95.