RU2789268C2 - Technological mandrel for manufacture of nodes of glass and metal and method for manufacture of nodes of glass and metal - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a technology and equipment for the manufacture of metal-glass nodes with sealed soldered joints; it can be used in the production of chemical current sources in electrical pressure seals. Technological mandrel is made in the form of a metal transport container of a cylindrical shape with a blind bottom, with a stand and a partition along its axis, and 200 tools are placed in it, a pocket is made on its side surface from a side of an open end and is filled with quartz sand, closed with a container cover with a cylindrical rim with a diameter made to provide free placement in the pocket. The tool is made of a cylindrical base, of corrosion-resistant steel, in a blind bottom of which a hole is made. In the cylindrical base, a solid cylindrical liner of a nickel alloy is placed, in which holes are made, and graphite inserts are placed in them. On graphite inserts, glass tablets and a base of a product are placed. Graphite inserts are made with holes, in which lower parts of contacts are placed. The liner cover is made with holes with a diameter 0.2 mm greater than a diameter of the contact. Holes in the liner cover are made coaxial to holes in the liner and with chamfers with the possibility of placement of an upper part of the contact. Manufactured technological mandrel is placed to a furnace preheated to a temperature of 1000-1040°C and kept in it for 45-50 min, unloaded to a metal table, and cooled.

EFFECT: reduction in labor intensity of the manufacture of high-quality metal-glass soldered joints due to limitation of access of oxidative atmosphere to a soldered joint zone and provision of a required cooling speed.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to technology and equipment for the manufacture of glass-to-metal assemblies with sealed junctions and can be used in the production of chemical current sources in electrical pressure seals.

A device for the manufacture of units of glass and kovar (USSR author's certificate No. 804588, class C03C 27/00 15.02.1981) is known, which is a batch furnace of a bell type, made with the possibility of heating in a protective atmosphere.

A known method for manufacturing units of glass and kovar (USSR author's certificate No. 804588, class C03C 27/00 02/15/1981), including nickel plating of kovar, degassing annealing and soldering of kovar with glass, followed by cooling, nickel plating of kovar is carried out in areas that are not subject to soldering with glass, to a thickness of 18-24 microns, the soldering of the kovar with glass is carried out in a protective environment at 940-1000 ° C for 5-10 minutes, and cooling to 650-700 ° C is carried out in a protective environment, after which in a hydrogen environment.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the use of a protective environment and a hydrogen environment, which increases the complexity of manufacturing nodes.

Known device described in the author's certificate of the USSR No. 1595808, class. С03С 02/27/1988, taken as a prototype "Method for manufacturing glass and metal assemblies", according to which the device contains a technological mandrel in the form of a metal plate (we have a container) and mica gasket material (we have a fixture). The unit consists of an annular glass tablet made using powder technology, metal bushings (we have a contact) and a frame (we have the base of the product).

Known "Method of manufacturing units of glass and metal", USSR author's certificate No. 1595808, class. С03С 02/27/1988, adopted as a prototype. To implement the method, three hermetic furnaces are used, heated to the temperature of soldering, crystallization and holding, respectively. The assembled glass-to-metal assembly on a technological mandrel is placed in the first furnace and heated to 1100-1145°C at a rate of 110-130°C/min, carrying out soldering, and cooled at a rate of 140-180°C/min. up to 680-720°C (crystallization temperature) when moving the assembly from one furnace to another. The oven is kept at this temperature for 0.5-2 hours, then it is transferred to a furnace with a temperature of 250-450°C below the crystallization temperature, and after filling the working space of the furnace, it is cooled to room temperature.

The disadvantage of the prototype is low productivity and the possibility of marriage associated with the violation of the right angle between the plane of the rim sleeve. In addition, the transfer of the technological mandrel from one furnace to another breaks the tightness and creates problems to ensure the required cooling rates.

The problem of manufacturing glass and metal assemblies is to ensure high quality of the junction, including its geometry, in combination with the high productivity of the technology.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the complexity of manufacturing high-quality metal-glass junctions by limiting the access of an oxidizing atmosphere to the junction zone and ensuring the required cooling rate.

The specified technical result in terms of the device is ensured due to the fact that the technological mandrel for the manufacture of glass and metal assemblies is made in the form of a metal container and a device for accommodating the contact and the base of the product, moreover, the metal container is made in the form of a transport container with 200 pcs. . devices, the shipping container is cylindrical in shape with a solid bottom, with a stand equipped with a partition along the axis of the bottom of the container, a pocket along its side surface from the side of the open end, filled with quartz sand and a closing container lid with a cylindrical rim with a diameter that ensures free placement in the pocket, a device consists of a cylindrical base made of corrosion-resistant steel, with a hole in the blind bottom; a solid cylindrical insert for placing the base of the product made of nickel alloy with holes for graphite inserts that serve as a support for glass pellets, the diameter of the holes is 0.1 mm larger than the diameter of the graphite inserts, the graphite inserts have holes for accommodating the lower part of the contact, the diameter of the holes of the graphite inserts is 0, 05 mm larger than contact diameter; cover-insert with holes with a diameter of 0.2 mm more than the diameter of the contact, coaxial with the holes in the insert, with chamfers with the possibility of accommodating the upper part of the contact.

The specified technical result in terms of the method is ensured due to the fact that the method of manufacturing glass and metal assemblies consists in manufacturing a technological mandrel in the form of a metal container and a device for placing the contact and the base of the product, heating it to the soldering temperature and subsequent cooling. First, a metal container is made in the form of a shipping container, with 200 pcs. devices, the shipping container is made cylindrical with a blank bottom, with a stand equipped with a partition along the axis of the bottom of the container, a pocket is made along its side surface from the side of the open end, which is filled with quartz sand, closed with a container lid with a cylindrical rim with a diameter made to ensure free placement in a pocket, the device is made of a cylindrical base, made of corrosion-resistant steel, in a blind bottom, which has a hole; a solid cylindrical liner made of nickel alloy is placed in the cylindrical base, in which holes are made and graphite inserts are placed in them, the diameter of the holes is 0.1 mm larger than the diameter of the graphite inserts, glass pellets and the base of the product are placed on the graphite inserts, graphite inserts are made with holes, in which the lower parts of the contacts are placed, the diameter of the holes of the graphite inserts is 0.05 mm larger than the diameter of the contact; the lid-liner is made with holes with a diameter of 0.2 mm larger than the diameter of the contact, the holes in the lid-liner are made coaxial with the holes in the liner and with chamfers with the possibility of accommodating the upper part of the contact. Manufactured mandrel is placed in a furnace preheated to a temperature of 1000-1040°C and kept in it for 45-50 minutes, cooling is carried out by unloading the mandrel from the furnace onto a metal table and holding until room temperature is reached.

Loading a mandrel into a furnace heated to a temperature of 1000-1040°C ensures rapid and uniform melting of glass tablets, holding at this temperature for 45-50 minutes serves to evenly distribute the molten glass over the microprofile of the metal surfaces to be joined, as well as to release air bubbles. During the subsequent unloading of the technological mandrel onto a metal table, the glass hardens at a rate that excludes the formation of cracks. Such a cooling rate is achieved due to the heat-insulating properties of the container, enhanced by pockets with quartz sand, a device containing a massive cylindrical body, an insert and a lid, as well as a volume of a cylindrical body designed for 200 pieces. fixtures. All these features contribute to an increase in the heat capacity of the structure with a minimum heat transfer surface. The volume of the technological mandrel, designed for 200 pcs. devices provides a reduction in the complexity of the technology. Rapid heat loss is also prevented by a stand equipped with a baffle along the axis of the bottom of the container, due to which the heat transfer surface to the metal table is reduced. The diameter of the holes in the solid cylindrical liner is 0.1 mm larger than the diameter of the graphite inserts to avoid the inserts getting stuck in the liner and the formation of cracks in the inserts during assembly. The holes in the graphite inserts, made with a diameter of 0.05 mm larger than the contact diameter, prevent the contacts from getting stuck in the graphite inserts and cracking of the graphite inserts. In addition, this tolerance ensures the alignment of the axes of the holes in the graphite inserts and in the lid-liner, which prevents the device from jamming during assembly. The hole diameter tolerance in the insert cover is 0.2 mm in relation to the contact diameter, as well as the chamfered hole, which ensures the alignment of the holes during assembly. Manufacturing defects in the form of a violation of the perpendicularity of the contact to the plane of the base of the product are excluded by the fact that the contact is inserted, in addition to the hole in the glass pellet, into coaxial holes in the graphite insert and the lid-liner. The hole in the dead bottom of the cylindrical base serves to simplify the extraction of the assembly of glass and metal, to prevent rejects when dismantling the fixture, as well as to evenly distribute heat during the melting of glass pellets. The production of a cylindrical base from corrosion-resistant steel eliminates its deformation during heating and cooling, as well as the formation of scale, which, falling on a glass tablet, can change its properties and lead to marriage. The production of the liner from a nickel alloy also prevents chemical corrosion of the liner material, as a result of which its frequent replacement is required, which reduces productivity and increases the complexity of the technology.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a mandrel in cross section.

In FIG. 2 shows the container in cross section

In FIG. 3 shows an image of a metal-glass cross-section obtained using an electron microscope.

1 - cylindrical base

2 - cover-liner

3 - solid cylindrical liner made of nickel alloy

4 - graphite inserts

5 - the basis of the product

6 - hole in the bottom of the cylindrical base 1

7 - hole in graphite insert 4

8 - glass tablet

9 - contact

10 - hole in the cover-liner 4

11 - shipping container

12 - container bottom

13 - stand

14 - partition along the axis of the bottom

15 - container pocket

16 - quartz sand

17 - container cover

18 - devices for placing the contact and the base of the product

19 - chamfer holes in the cover-liner 4

Technological mandrel for the manufacture of units of glass and metal is made in the form of a transport container 11 with 200 pcs. devices 18. The shipping container 11 is made cylindrical with a solid bottom, with a stand 13, equipped with a partition 14, located along the axis of the bottom of the shipping container 11, a pocket 15 along its side surface from the side of the open end, filled with quartz sand 16 and a closing container lid 17 with a cylindrical rim with a diameter that provides free placement in the pocket 15. Device 18 consists of a cylindrical base 1, made of corrosion-resistant steel, with a hole 6 in the blind bottom; a solid cylindrical insert 3 to accommodate the base of the product 5 made of nickel alloy with holes for graphite inserts 4 serving as a support for glass pellets 8, the diameter of the holes is 0.1 mm larger than the diameter of the graphite inserts 4. Graphite inserts 4 have holes 7 to accommodate the lower part of the contact 9 , the diameter of holes of graphite inserts 4 is 0.05 mm larger than the diameter of contact 9; cover-liner 2 with holes with a diameter of 0.2 mm larger than the diameter of contact 9, coaxial with holes in the insert 3, with chamfers 19 with the possibility of placing the upper part of contact 9.

The method of manufacturing units of glass and metal is implemented using the proposed technological mandrel as follows. Devices 18 are assembled, for which a solid cylindrical insert made of nickel alloy 3 is placed in the cylindrical base 1. Graphite inserts 4 are inserted into the holes of the insert 3, contacts 9 are inserted into the holes 7 of the graphite inserts 4, the free parts of the contacts 9 are inserted into the glass pellets 8. On the ends of the graphite inserts 4 lay the base of the product 5 so that the glass pellets 8 enter the holes of the base of the product 5. The cover-liner 2 is placed on the cylindrical base 1 so that the free parts of the contacts enter the holes of the cover-liner 2. Making these holes with chamfers 19 contributes to minimal time spent on assembly of the device. The assembled devices 18 (200 pieces) are placed in a transport container 11 and closed with a lid 17 so that its rim fits in a pocket 15 filled with quartz sand 16. The assembled technological mandrel is placed in an oven heated to a temperature of 1000-1040 ° C and kept at this temperature for 45-50 minutes. At the same time, the rate of increase in the temperature of the mandrel is 15-25°C/min., which ensures the melting of the glass pellet 8, air bubbles emerge from the resulting melt, the melt flows into the recesses of the microprofiles of the base of the product 5 and contacts 9. The flow of the melt from the gap between the base of the product and the contact graphite inserts 4 interfere. When heated, the diameter of the holes in the cylindrical insert 3 decreases, which does not lead to excessive pressure on the graphite inserts 4 due to the fact that the diameter of the holes in the insert 3 is 0.1 mm larger than the diameter of the graphite inserts. The execution of the liner 3 from a nickel alloy ensures its heat resistance, which makes it possible to avoid the formation of scale, in particular on the inner surfaces of the holes of the liner 3, as well as cracks and changes in the shape of the liner 3. This is also facilitated by the lid-liner 2, which limits the access of oxygen to the glass-to-metal joint. An additional obstacle to the access of oxygen is the cover of the container 17, the cylindrical rim of which is recessed in the pocket of the container 15 with quartz sand 16. Jamming of the contacts in the holes of the cover-liner 2 prevents holes with a diameter of 0.2 mm larger than the diameter of the contact. At the end of the exposure in the furnace of the technological mandrel, it is taken out onto a metal table. The dimensions and weight of the technological mandrel with devices 18, as well as the execution of the transport container 11 with a stand 13, equipped with a partition 14, located along the axis of the bottom of the transport container 11, provides the heat capacity and heat transfer of the technological mandrel, providing cooling at a rate of 8-10°C/min., which has been established experimentally. During cooling at such a rate, crystallization of the melt occurs, complete removal of gas bubbles, uniform crystallization of the melt without pores and large holes. The obtained cooling rate also prevents the formation of cracks in the product base 5 and contacts 9 being connected. After cooling the technological mandrel, it is disassembled, for which the cover of the container 17 is removed, fixtures 18 are removed. 3, which, in case of accidental jamming, is knocked out through a hole in the cylindrical base 1, which makes it possible to reduce the preparation time for the next batch of products.

An example of manufacturing units from glass and metal (the proposed method) We assembled fixtures 18 (200 pieces), for which a solid cylindrical insert made of nickel alloy 3 was placed in a cylindrical base 1. Graphite inserts 4 were inserted into the holes of the liner 3, graphite inserts 4 were inserted into the holes 7 of the graphite inserts 4 contacts 9, glass pellets 8 were inserted on the free parts of the contacts 9. The base of the product 5 was placed on the ends of the graphite inserts 4 so that the glass pellets 8 entered the holes of the base of the product 5. The cover-insert 2 was placed on the cylindrical base 1 in such a way that the free parts of the contacts entered the holes of the lid-liner 2, which was facilitated by the execution of these holes with chamfers 19. The assembled fixtures 18 (200 pieces) were placed in the shipping container 11 and closed with a lid 17 so that its rim fit in a pocket 15 filled with quartz sand 16. The assembled technological mandrel was placed in an oven heated to a temperature of 1020°C and kept at this temperature. ature for 50 minutes. At the end of the exposure in the furnace of the technological mandrel, it was taken out onto a metal table. After cooling the technological mandrel, it was disassembled, for which the cover of the container 17 was removed and fixtures 18 were removed. The cover-liner 2 was removed from each fixture and the finished glass-to-metal units were removed. The yield was 98% (assembly defects). The cross-sectional image of the glass-to-metal assembly (Fig. 3) shows that the glass is evenly distributed over the micro-roughness of the metal, has no bubbles and cracks, and satisfies the requirements for glass-to-metal joints. Productivity without taking into account the time for the assembly of the technological mandrel was 343 glass-to-metal units per hour. Similar results were obtained at a temperature of 1000°C and a holding time of 50 minutes and a temperature of 1040°C and a holding time of 45 minutes.

Thus, the proposed method for manufacturing glass-to-metal assemblies and a device for its implementation makes it possible to achieve the claimed technical result, reducing the labor intensity of manufacturing glass-to-metal assemblies.

Claims (2)

1. Technological mandrel for the manufacture of glass and metal assemblies, made in the form of a metal container and a device for placing the contact and the base of the product, characterized in that the metal container is made in the form of a transport container with 200 devices located in it, the transport container is made of a cylindrical shape with solid bottom, with a stand equipped with a partition along the axis of the bottom of the container, a pocket along its side surface from the side of the open end, filled with quartz sand and a closing lid of the container with a cylindrical rim with a diameter that ensures free placement in the pocket, the device consists of a cylindrical base made of corrosion-resistant -resistant steel, with a hole in the blind bottom; a solid cylindrical insert for placing the base of the product made of nickel alloy with holes for graphite inserts that serve as a support for glass pellets, the diameter of the holes is 0.1 mm larger than the diameter of the graphite inserts, the graphite inserts have holes for accommodating the lower part of the contact, the diameter of the holes of the graphite inserts is 0, 05 mm larger than contact diameter; cover-insert with holes with a diameter of 0.2 mm more than the diameter of the contact, coaxial with the holes in the insert, with chamfers with the possibility of accommodating the upper part of the contact. 2. A method for manufacturing glass and metal assemblies, which consists in manufacturing a technological mandrel in the form of a metal container and a device for placing the contact and the base of the product, heating it to the soldering temperature and subsequent cooling, characterized in that a metal container is made in the form of a transport container, with 200 devices are located in it, the shipping container is made cylindrical with a solid bottom, with a stand equipped with a partition along the axis of the bottom of the container, a pocket is made along its side surface from the side of the open end, which is filled with quartz sand, closed with a container lid with a cylindrical rim with a diameter made with the provision of free placement in the pocket, the device is made of a cylindrical base, made of corrosion-resistant steel, in the dead bottom of which there is a hole; a solid cylindrical liner made of nickel alloy is placed in the cylindrical base, in which holes are made and graphite inserts are placed in them, the diameter of the holes is 0.1 mm larger than the diameter of the graphite inserts, glass pellets and the base of the product are placed on the graphite inserts, graphite inserts are made with holes, in which the lower parts of the contacts are placed, the diameter of the holes of the graphite inserts is 0.05 mm larger than the diameter of the contact; the cover-liner is made with holes with a diameter of 0.2 mm larger than the diameter of the contact, the holes in the cover-liner are made coaxial with the holes in the insert and with chamfers with the possibility of placing the upper part of the contact, then the technological mandrel is placed in a furnace preheated to a temperature of 1000-1040 °C, and kept in it for 45-50 minutes, cooling is carried out by unloading the technological mandrel from the furnace onto a metal table and holding until room temperature is reached.

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