RU2789247C1 - Explosive shock tube blast chamber - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: test equipment.

SUBSTANCE: e invention relates to test equipment, the primary field of application is explosive chambers of explosive shock tubes for testing various, mainly full-scale, objects of military and civil equipment for resistance to the effects of an air shock wave of large-scale, including nuclear, explosions, the passage of high-speed ballistic objects or falling meteorites. The explosion chamber of the explosive shock tube contains a section of tubes with explosive charges arranged in parallel in the body and an initiation system. The chamber is provided at the ends of the housing with walls with equidistant relative to each other holes for pipes, lodgements for explosive charges and a stop. The pipes are fixed in the end walls of the housing, equipped with elongated explosive charges with detonators connected to the blast line, and closed at one end with deformable plugs. The muffled end of the housing is supported by a stop. Elongated explosive charges are located in the center of each tube on the cradles. The length and inner diameter of each pipe are selected from a ratio of 10/1 to 15/1.

EFFECT: improved technical and operational characteristics of the explosion chamber of the shock tube in terms of simplifying the design, increasing its strength and service life, increasing the duration and intensity of the generated shock waves due to the distribution of the loading charge of explosives over several parallel tubes with deformable end caps, excluding premature exit from pipes of explosion products and reducing the blasting effect of the explosion on the closed end of the chamber.

5 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to test equipment, the primary field of application is explosive chambers of explosive shock tubes for testing various, mainly full-scale, objects of military and civil equipment for resistance to the effects of an air shock wave of large-scale, including nuclear, explosions, the passage of high-speed ballistic objects or falling meteorites.

Known shock tubes "UT-3500" and "UT-6000" RFNC-VNIIEF [V.I. Bichegov, V.V. Zalessky, V.A. Mogilev, V.A. Poddubny, A.P. Snopkov, Yu.A. Fateev / Pulse gas-dynamic installations for testing RAV on the impact of damaging mechanical factors, VNIIEF, Sat. reports of the STC VRTs RARAN "Modern methods of design and development of rocket and artillery weapons" Sarov, 2000, p. B. Bunkovo [Physics of a nuclear explosion in 5 volumes. Volume 3. Reproduction of explosion factors / Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 12 Central Research Institute / M. Publishing house of physical and mathematical literature, 2013. C55, 56] and a Boeing shock tube [Boeing Shock Tube Tests Nuclear Blast Overpressure / Aviation Week, No. 3, 1984], in which an air shock wave is generated by the explosion of charges of condensed explosives of a flat or elongated shape, located in the form of a concentrated mass in explosive chambers (compartments) of shock tubes.

Explosive chambers for various technological purposes are also known, providing localization of the consequences of an explosion of technological, researched or recycled explosive charges and products with them in a limited space of an explosive chamber, in particular explosive chambers of TsNIIMash [B.I. Abashkin, E.P. Buslov, I.S. Komarov et al., Prospects for the development of the experimental base of TsNIIMASH for the study of impact strength, Cosmonautics and rocket science No. 4 (77) 2014 С178] and GosNIIMash [Test complex for research on explosion physics, high-speed impact and armor ballistics as part of the Kupol and Tyr. Presentation of FSUE "GosNIIMash", Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod region. 2007], which allow testing various objects using the energy of an explosion of condensed explosives.

In all of these analogs, the necessary strength of explosive chambers is provided by increasing the thickness of their walls, which leads to a significant increase in their metal consumption and complicates the design and manufacturing technology, due to the need to create large-sized thick-walled shells.

The prototype of the claimed technical solution can serve as an explosion chamber according to the patent for invention No. RU 2185623, G01N 33/22, 3/313, "Cellular explosion chamber", publ. 07/20/2002. To ensure that the test object is exposed to shock waves of a given duration and amplitude, the explosion chamber is made in the form of a section of pipes with explosive charges coaxially located in the body and contains an initiation system. The explosion chamber contains a second section of pipes installed in parallel. Sections are divided into modules. Each model consists of a pipe of one section with an explosive charge on the end facing the end of the pipe of another section. The pipes of each module are arranged coaxially. The modules are installed in the housing parallel to each other with axial displacement in such a way that the gap of each module is opposite the wall of the neighboring module.

The use of a flat explosive charge is due to the spread of explosion products (EP) during detonation. The ratio of the transverse dimensions of the pipe and the explosive charge is chosen from the condition that the bulk of the explosion products during expansion in the axial direction is completely absorbed by coaxially located pipes.

The disadvantage of the described chamber is the impossibility of placing elongated explosive charges in it, which are necessary to create a shock wave of long duration and high intensity, characteristic of a large-scale explosion, as well as the complexity of the chamber design and the technology of equipping it with flat explosive charges.

The technical problem solved by the invention is the creation of an explosion chamber of a simple design of increased strength and resource, which makes it possible to repeatedly detonate explosive charges of large mass to generate shock waves of long duration and high intensity, simulating full-scale loads of a large-scale, including nuclear, explosion, high-speed flight ballistic objects or a meteorite fall.

The technical result consists in improving the technical and operational characteristics of the shock tube explosion chamber in terms of simplifying the design, increasing its strength and service life, increasing the duration and intensity of the generated shock waves due to the distribution of the loading explosive charge over several parallel tubes with deformable end caps, excluding premature exit from the pipes of the explosion products and reducing the blasting effect of the explosion on the closed end of the chamber.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that the explosion chamber of the shock tube of explosive action, containing a section of pipes with explosive charges parallel to each other in the body and an initiation system, according to the invention, is provided at the ends of the body with walls with equidistantly spaced holes for pipes, deformable plugs, cradles and a stop, the pipes are fixed in the end walls of the body, equipped with elongated explosive charges with detonators connected to a demolition line, and closed at one end with deformable plugs, while the plugged end of the explosive chamber is supported by a stop, and the elongated explosive charges are located in the center of each pipe on cradles, while the length and inner diameter of each pipe are selected from a ratio of 10/1 to 15/1.

The use of elongated explosive charges, the distribution of a large mass charge over individual pipes and along their entire length, the location of explosive charges in the center of each pipe using destructible lodgements (frames), as well as reducing the blasting effect of an explosive explosion on the closed end of the explosive chamber through the use of deformable ( collapsible) plugs and stops greatly simplifies the design of the explosion chamber, reduces the load on the elements of the explosion chamber and allows you to save its strength when undermining charges of a large mass necessary to simulate an air shock wave of high intensity.

In addition, in order to reduce the cost, simplify the design and ensure the manufacturability of installing deformable plugs in the pipes of the explosion chamber, they are made of wood with a height equal to their diameter, from two halves with a longitudinal groove for removing explosive lines from detonators.

In addition, in order to reduce the cost, simplify the design and ensure the manufacturability of the explosive chamber equipment, the lodgements are made destructible from wooden bars equipped with supports for installing the explosive charge in the center of the pipe.

In addition, to ensure the possibility of distributing explosive charges along the length of the pipes, elongated explosive charges are made from ammonite cartridges, TNT checkers or bulk explosive hose charges, fixed on destructible cradles using adhesive tape, for example, insulating tape or adhesive tape.

In addition, to ensure the manufacturability of the process of equipping the explosive chamber with explosive charges, the stop is retractable or collapsible in the form of reinforced concrete blocks installed close to the muffled end of the explosion chamber body after installing the lodgements with explosive charges.

The presence in the claimed invention of features that distinguish it from the prototype, allows us to consider it as corresponding to the condition of "novelty".

The search did not reveal technical solutions containing features similar to the distinctive features of the claims of the claimed invention, which allows us to conclude that it complies with the "inventive step" condition.

The proposed explosion chamber shock tube explosive action is illustrated in the drawings.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the design of the explosion chamber.

In FIG. 2 shows a photo of the explosive chamber in the process of equipping without a stop.

In FIG. 3 shows a photo of the explosion chamber before docking the stop.

The drawings indicate the following positions:

1 - body;

2 - pipe;

3 - explosive charge;

4 - lodgment;

5 - detonator;

6 - plug;

7 - emphasis;

8 - subversive highway;

9 - support;

10 - wooden block;

11 - adhesive tape;

12 - end walls.

The explosion chamber (Fig. 1) contains a cylindrical body 1, in which a section of pipes 2 is located from three to seven, depending on the ratio of diameters. The pipes 2 are arranged in parallel and fixed in the end walls 12 of the housing 1. The walls 12 are made equidistant relative to each other holes corresponding to the outer diameter of the pipes 2. In each pipe 2 in the center on the cradle 4 is placed an elongated explosive charge (BB) 3 with a detonator 5, connected to the demolition line 8. Destructible lodgements 4 are made of wooden bars 10 with supports 9 for installing explosive charge 3 in the center of pipe 2. Elongated explosive charges 2 can be made of ammonite cartridges, TNT checkers or hose charges of bulk explosives fixed on lodgements 3 using adhesive tape 11, for example, insulating tape or adhesive tape. To ensure optimal, from the point of view of strength, distribution of the loading charge of explosives along the length of the pipes, the experimentally determined ratio of their length and internal diameter is from 10/1 to 15/1. From one end, deformable plugs 6 are installed in the pipes 2, adjacent to the detonators 5. The plugs 6 are made of wood with a height equal to their diameter, from two halves having a longitudinal groove for passing the demolition line 8. A stop 7, made retractable or collapsible in the form of reinforced concrete blocks installed close to the end wall 12 after installation of lodgements 4 with explosive charges 3 and plugs 6 into the tubes.

Explosion chamber works as follows.

Before starting work, elongated explosive charges 3 are installed in pipes 2 on supports 9 in the form of cartridges, checkers or hose charges of bulk explosives fixed on bars 10 from the composition of the lodgements 4 using adhesive tape 11, for example, insulating tape or adhesive tape. At the ends of the charges 3, initiation means are installed - detonators 5, connected to the demolition line 8. Lodgements 4 with explosive charges 3 are pushed into the pipes 2 to a depth equal to the height of the plugs 6, after which plugs 6 are installed in the pipes 2, during the installation of which through them leads from the detonators connected to the blasting line 8 are skipped. After installing all the plugs 6 close to the plugged end wall 12 of the body 1, stop 7 is installed (moved forward).

After connecting the blast line 8 to the blast generator (not shown in the drawings), an initiating pulse is applied to the detonators 5 and explosive charges 3 are detonated, during which the explosion products emerging from the open ends of the pipes 2 form an air shock wave, simulating the load of a full-scale explosion. When the explosion products are exposed to the closed ends of the pipes 2, the plugs 6 are compressed in a closed volume, leading to their bursting, which prevents the premature exit of the explosion products through them, practically until the end of the process of formation of an air shock wave in the explosion chamber of the shock tube and eliminates blasting impact of explosion products on the closed ends of pipes. The destroyed remains of the plugs are ejected from the pipes 2 by the explosion products of the explosive charges after the stop 7 rolls back.

Tests carried out on a prototype of the explosion chamber of the described design showed that the proposed technical solution significantly improves the technical and operational characteristics of the shock tube with the proposed explosion chamber as a whole, both in terms of reproducing the specified parameters of the simulated air shock wave, and the resource of the explosion chamber and technology her equipment.

Thus, the above information testifies to the fulfillment of the following set of conditions when using the claimed invention:

- an explosion chamber embodying the claimed invention is intended for multiple detonation of high-mass explosive charges to generate high-intensity shock waves when testing objects of military and civil equipment for resistance to air shock waves of a large-scale, including nuclear, explosion or meteorite fall.

- for the claimed explosive chamber in the form as it is described in the claims, the possibility of its implementation using the means and methods described in the application and known before the priority date is confirmed;

- the explosive chamber described in the claimed invention is capable of achieving the technical result envisaged by the applicant, which is confirmed by the results of the experiments.

Therefore, the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

Claims (5)

1. An explosive chamber of an explosive shock tube, containing a section of parallel tubes with explosive charges in the body and an initiation system, characterized in that it is equipped with walls from the ends of the body with equidistant relative to each other holes for pipes, lodgements for explosive charges and a stop, the pipes are fixed in the end walls of the body, equipped with elongated explosive charges with detonators connected to the demolition line, and closed at one end with deformable plugs, while the muffled end of the body is supported by the stop, the elongated explosive charges are located in the center of each pipe on the cradles, and the length and inner diameter of each pipe are selected from a ratio of 10/1 to 15/1. 2. The explosion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that the deformable plugs are made of wood, with a height equal to their diameter, from two halves having a longitudinal groove for passing the blasting line. 3. An explosion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that the lodgements are made of destructible wooden blocks with supports for installing explosive charges in the center of each pipe. 4. The explosion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that the elongated explosive charges are made of ammonite cartridges, TNT checkers or hose charges of bulk explosives, fixed on the lodgements with adhesive tape, such as insulating tape or adhesive tape. 5. The explosion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that the stop is made retractable or collapsible in the form of reinforced concrete blocks installed close to the muffled end of the housing.

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