RU2788773C1 - Method for providing visibility in smoke environment caused by fire indoor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: lifesaving methods.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods for saving people's lives, namely, to methods that facilitate the exit from a smoky room, and can be used to evacuate people in case of fire. The method for ensuring visibility in a smoky environment caused by a fire in a room provides for the use of lighting sources on people's evacuation routes that provide the highest possible visibility. Light sources with a wavelength of 530-600 nm are used, placed above the evacuation passage and along the walls, and spray devices located on the ceiling of the room along the evacuation path.

EFFECT: invention provides water supply to each spray device at a pressure of 2 bar for 60 seconds, forming a stream with a droplet size of not more than 150 microns; escape routes are visible.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods for saving people's lives, namely, to methods that facilitate the exit from a smoky room, and can be used to evacuate people in case of fire.

A known method of ensuring visibility in an opaque environment with a fire extinguishing aerosol due to guiding photoluminescent systems [RU 2419469 C1, IPC A62 B3/00 (2006.01), publ. May 27, 2011]. On escape routes, photoluminescent systems are used that guide to the evacuation exit, which contain the amount of zinc sulfide and strontium aluminate selected for a specific aerosol-forming composition (significantly reducing the transparency of the medium), coated with a transparent binder, for example, acrylic varnish, while the surface for applying the photoluminescent material is preferably white. Photoluminescent systems are located at a level not higher than one meter from the floor level.

However, with a decrease in the transparency of the environment due to intense smoke generation and a malfunction of the ventilation system, such photoluminescent guides do not provide the necessary visibility of escape routes, since their visibility is insufficient.

A known method of ensuring visibility in the environment of a fire-extinguishing aerosol due to special lighting, taken as a prototype [EN 2419470 C1, IPC A62 B3/00 (2006.01), publ. May 27, 2011]. The method consists in selecting a lighting source for a particular fire-extinguishing aerosol that provides the maximum possible visibility distance in the aerosol medium, after which specially recommended lighting sources are used along the evacuation routes for people and rescuers.

However, in emergency situations requiring the spraying of a fire extinguishing aerosol in the room, the opacity of the environment also increases due to smoke caused by the combustion of substances and materials. This method does not provide for the visibility of escape routes while reducing the transparency of the environment due to smoke, as well as the deposition of smoke to increase visibility on the escape routes.

The technical result of the claimed invention is the creation of a method for ensuring visibility in a smoky environment caused by a fire in a room.

The proposed method for ensuring visibility in a smoky environment caused by a fire in a room, as well as in the prototype, includes the use of lighting sources on the evacuation routes of people that provide the highest possible visibility.

According to the invention, the proposed method uses light sources with a wavelength of 530-600 nm, placed above the evacuation passage and along the walls, and spray devices located on the ceiling of the room along the evacuation path, provide water supply to each spray device at a pressure of 2 bar for 60 seconds, forming a stream with droplet sizes up to 150 microns.

Compared with the prototype, the proposed method provides the visibility of escape routes while reducing the transparency of the environment due to smoke, and also increases visibility due to the deposition of smoke on the escape routes sprayed through the spray device with a stream of water. with the specified droplet size for a given duration of its supply.

Figure 1 shows a variant of the placement of spray devices and light sources for implementing a method for ensuring visibility in a smoky environment caused by a fire in a room.

Figure 2 shows the dependence of the smoke transmission coefficient on the wavelength of radiation for wood and linoleum on a heat-insulating basis.

Figure 3 shows the dependence of the specific mass rate of deposition of smoke generated during combustion: a) - wood, b) - linoleum on a heat-insulating basis on the duration of the water supply.

To implement the proposed method, light sources 1 are used, which are located indoors above the evacuation passage 2 and along the walls. Light sources 1, located along the walls, serve as evacuation guides to the exit (figure 1).

Luminaires based on RPL-Star-3W-EPA-RGB LEDs (glow color green (520-530 nm)), PLCC2 SMD (yellow glow color), or emergency evacuation luminaires with luminous flux up to 2200 lm (2200lm Formula 65 LED Li-Fe Beghelli).

The room must be equipped with an automatic water mist fire extinguishing system, for example, based on equipment manufactured by NVP Bolid, which includes a set of heat and smoke sensors.

On the ceiling of the room, spray devices 3 are used, placed along the evacuation path of people. The number of spray devices 3 and the height of their placement is determined according to SP 5.13130.2009.

As spray devices 3, nozzles for fine water spraying for low pressure fogging (TEFEN, FM, PJ, FMT-100, etc.) can be used.

Spray devices 3 and light sources 1 are connected to an automatic fire extinguishing system.

When the room is filled with smoke 4, using an automatic fire extinguishing system, light sources 1 on the ceiling and along the walls are turned on and spray devices 3 are activated, providing a supply of water at a pressure of 2 bar to each. Across the entire width of the evacuation passage, the spraying devices 3 provide for the formation of a stream of water 5 with a droplet size of up to 150 microns for 60 seconds, which ensures the deposition of smoke 5 on the path of evacuation of people from the premises.

The implementation of the method was tested on model hearths of class A with dimensions of 150×150 mm, which were made from a group of potentially combustible materials (wood, linoleum on a heat-insulating basis). The foci were placed in a glass working chamber, in the upper part of which FMT-100 spraying devices were installed. The working chamber was located between a Navitar white light source (based on a halogen lamp and a fiber optic light guide) and an Ophir Juno power meter with a PD300 detector.

When burning combustible materials, the working chamber was filled with smoke. To isolate white light from the entire spectrum on the path of the light beam between the working chamber and the power meter, bandpass filters were used in the radiation wavelength range of 425–690 nm. A white light source was switched on and the initial power of the luminous flux was measured with a power meter. After that, the power of the light flux passing through the chamber filled with smoke was recorded. The smoke transmittance at each radiation wavelength was determined as the ratio of the final power to the initial one. The initial power of the light flux at different radiation wavelengths was varied in the range of 600–1700 μW. The systematic error in determining the power of the luminous flux was 40–50 μW. As can be seen from figure 2, the maximum value of the transmittance of smoke generated during the combustion of wood and linoleum on a heat-insulating basis, corresponds to the wavelength range of 530-600 nm.

At the same time, the specific mass rate of smoke deposition was determined. The filter cloth FPP 15-1.5 TU 2568-411-05795731-2008, located at the base of the working chamber, was used. Every 2 minutes, using a Vibra HT 84RCE laboratory microbalance (registration accuracy 10 ^-5 g), the filter cloth was weighed and the mass smoke deposition rate was determined as the ratio of the weight gain of the filter cloth to the area of the filter cloth and the measurement time. A relationship was established between the specific mass velocity of smoke deposition obtained in the absence of water supply and the increase in laser radiation power on an Ophir Juno power meter. Next, the effect of water supply on the values of the specific mass rate of smoke deposition was determined. To do this, using the obtained dependence (in the absence of water supply) of the specific mass rate of smoke deposition on the increase in laser radiation power on the Ophir Juno power meter, the value of the mass smoke deposition rate was determined by the laser radiation power on the Ophir Juno power meter after water supply.

Water was supplied by FMT-100 spray devices placed in the upper part of the glass working chamber. For this, tap water from a 7-liter tank was used. An excess pressure in the tank of 2 bar was injected, which was measured with a pressure gauge with an error of not more than 0.005 bar. For smoke deposition, water was supplied for 15-60 seconds through spray devices, while forming a uniform stream of water droplets up to 150 μm in size.

The results are presented in Fig.3. The dependences of the specific mass rate of smoke deposition formed during combustion of: a) - wood, b) - linoleum on a heat-insulating basis, on the duration of the water supply, show that with a duration of the water flow for 60 s, the specific mass rate of smoke deposition takes maximum values.

Claims (1)

A method for ensuring visibility in a smoky environment caused by a fire in a room, including the use of lighting sources on people evacuation routes that provide the highest possible visibility, characterized in that they use light sources with a wavelength of 530-600 nm, placed above the evacuation passage and along the walls, and spray devices located on the ceiling of the room along the escape route provide water supply to each spray device at a pressure of 2 bar for 60 seconds, forming a stream with a droplet size of not more than 150 microns.

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