RU2788558C1 - Apparatus for two-stage gas purification with a vortex chamber and a failure plate - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: contact mass transfer and reaction apparatuses.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to contact mass transfer and reaction apparatuses and can be used, in particular, for wet purification of gases from acids, organic solvents, solid particles and aerosols. Apparatus for wet cleaning of gases contains the first vertical cylindrical body, in the upper part of which there is a tangentially located branch pipe. A guiding device made in the form of a ribbon spiral is attached to the inner side wall of the first vertical body. The first vertical cylindrical body passes through the hole in the upper end wall of the second vertical cylindrical body and is fixed in the said hole. The tangentially located branch pipe is located outside above the upper end wall of the second vertical cylindrical body. The first body has an upper end wall, while the lower end wall is absent. Inside the first vertical cylindrical body, concentrically to its longitudinal axis of symmetry, an irrigation pipe is installed, containing nozzles fixed on its side wall. The guide device, made in the form of a ribbon spiral, is attached to the outer wall of the irrigation pipe. The irrigation pipe is connected to the supply pipeline passing through the hole in the side wall of the second vertical cylindrical body and fixed in the said hole. In the lower part of the second vertical cylindrical body, a collector is installed, containing nozzles and connected to a pipeline intended for air supply, which passes through a hole in the side wall of the second vertical cylindrical body and is fixed in the said hole. An annular failure plate is attached to the inner wall of the second vertical cylindrical body, put on over the first vertical cylindrical body and attached to its outer side wall. Above the annular hollow plate, an annular drop catcher is attached to the inner wall of the second vertical cylindrical body, put on over the first vertical cylindrical body and attached to its outer side wall. In the upper part of the second vertical cylindrical body above the annular drop eliminator there is a discharge branch pipe. To the side wall of the second vertical cylindrical body in its lower part is attached a pipeline for draining liquid, on the line of which a pump is installed. The pipeline for liquid recirculation is connected to the pipeline for liquid recirculation. The pipeline for liquid recirculation is connected to at least one pipeline passing through the hole in the side wall of the second vertical cylindrical body between the annular failure plate and the annular drop catcher and fixed in the specified hole, and also containing at its end a nozzle oriented towards the annular failure plate.

EFFECT: invention provides two-stage gas purification with the opposite direction of its flow; ensuring a more uniform distribution of the cleaning liquid along the height of the irrigation pipe of the apparatus; and providing partial recirculation of the cleaning fluid.

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Description

Technical field

The invention relates to contact mass transfer and reaction apparatuses and can be used, in particular, for wet purification of gases from acids, organic solvents, solid particles and aerosols, as well as other chemical constituents.

State of the art

Currently, wet cleaning of gas emissions is carried out in contact apparatuses of various types, in which the inversion of the gas and liquid phases during mass transfer is either not achieved or is unstable, which does not allow for a sufficiently high degree of gas purification.

The prior art adopted as a prototype of the claimed invention is an apparatus for wet cleaning of gases, containing a vertical cylindrical body with a branch pipe tangentially located in its lower part for swirling the gas-liquid flow, a perforated irrigation pipe located along the axis of the body and a guide device adjoining it from the outside for additional swirling specified stream. At the same time, the apparatus is equipped with a second cleaning stage in the form of an additional compartment adjoining its upper part with an independent supply of cleaning liquid, in the lower part of which a perforated failed irrigation plate is installed open inside the apparatus body. Moreover, the guide device adjacent to the perforated irrigation pipe for additional swirling of the gas-liquid flow is made in the form of a tape spiral, and the device is equipped with an additional guide device in the form of a second tape spiral of a larger diameter adjacent to the inner wall of the housing and having the opposite direction of travel with respect to the tape spiral adjacent to the irrigation pipe. At the same time, the first stage of cleaning is provided with a circulation circuit of the cleaning liquid with a circulation pump and a water seal included in it. At the same time, a coarse-grained packing with a catalytic coating of grains is placed on the irrigation plate. Moreover, the second cleaning stage is equipped with a float regulator for the supply of cleaning fluid to the irrigation plate (patent RU 125880 U1, publication date: 03/20/2013 (hereinafter - [1])).

The disadvantages of the known from [1] apparatus for wet cleaning gases are as follows.

The presence in the apparatus known from [1] of two guiding devices with different directions of travel, placed inside the same housing at the same level, can lead to a decrease in the intensity of interaction of the cleaning liquid with gases. In the apparatus known from [1], the supply of cleaning fluid to a perforated irrigation pipe is not carried out directly, but by creating a water seal in the lower part of the body, which can lead to an insufficiently uniform distribution of the cleaning fluid along the height of the irrigation pipe and, as a result, to an uneven outflow of the cleaning fluid. liquids from the holes of the irrigation pipe.

Disclosure of invention

The task to be solved by the claimed invention is to provide effective purification of gases from various impurities, and the technical results - to provide two-stage gas purification with the opposite direction of its flow; ensuring a more uniform distribution of the cleaning liquid along the height of the irrigation pipe of the apparatus; and providing partial recirculation of the cleaning fluid.

The solution of this problem by achieving these technical results is ensured by the fact that the apparatus for wet cleaning of gases contains the first vertical cylindrical body, in the upper part of which there is a tangentially located branch pipe. At the same time, a guide device made in the form of a tape spiral is attached to the inner side wall of the first vertical cylindrical body. Moreover, the first vertical cylindrical body passes through the hole in the upper end wall of the second vertical cylindrical body and is fixed in the said hole. In this case, the tangentially located branch pipe is located outside above the upper end wall of the second vertical cylindrical body. Moreover, the first vertical cylindrical body is not adjacent to the lower end wall of the second vertical cylindrical body. In this case, the first vertical cylindrical body has an upper end wall, while the lower end wall is absent. Moreover, inside the first vertical cylindrical body, concentrically to its longitudinal axis of symmetry, an irrigation pipe is installed, containing nozzles fixed on its side wall. In this case, the guide device, made in the form of a ribbon spiral, is attached to the outer wall of the irrigation pipe. Moreover, the irrigation pipe is connected to the supply pipeline passing through the hole in the side wall of the second vertical cylindrical body and fixed in the specified hole. At the same time, a collector is installed in the lower part of the second vertical cylindrical body, containing nozzles and connected to a pipeline intended for air supply, which passes through an opening in the side wall of the second vertical cylindrical body and is fixed in the said opening. Moreover, an annular failure plate is attached to the inner wall of the second vertical cylindrical body, put on over the first vertical cylindrical body and attached to its outer side wall. At the same time, an annular drop catcher is attached above the annular failed tray to the inner wall of the second vertical cylindrical body, put on over the first vertical cylindrical body and attached to its outer side wall. Moreover, in the upper part of the second vertical cylindrical body above the annular drop eliminator there is a discharge branch pipe. At the same time, a pipeline for draining liquid is connected to the side wall of the second vertical cylindrical body in its lower part, on the line of which a circulation pump is installed. Moreover, a pipeline for liquid recirculation is connected to the pipeline for draining the liquid. At the same time, the liquid recirculation pipeline is connected to at least one pipeline passing through a hole in the side wall of the second vertical cylindrical body between the annular failure plate and the annular drop catcher and fixed in the specified hole, and also containing at its end a nozzle oriented towards the annular failure plate . Moreover, the liquid recirculation pipeline is also connected to at least one pipeline passing through a hole in the side wall of the second vertical cylindrical body under the annular failure plate and fixed in the said hole, as well as containing a nozzle at its end oriented towards the annular failure plate. At the same time, the liquid recirculation pipeline is also connected to the liquid drain pipeline. Moreover, a coarse-grained nozzle is placed on the upper end surface of the failure plate. At the same time, at least two additional pipelines attached to said openings pass through the holes in the side wall of the second vertical cylindrical body, placed respectively above and below the drop catcher and connected to an additional pipeline for supplying liquid, as well as containing nozzles at their ends, oriented towards the drop catcher. Moreover, a filter is additionally installed on the pipeline line for draining liquid after the circulation pump.

The causal relationship between the essential features of the claimed invention and the achieved technical results is as follows.

Due to the presence in the apparatus for wet gas cleaning of the proposed design of the first and second vertical cylindrical bodies communicating with each other, as well as due to the presence of a tangentially located branch pipe in the upper part of the first vertical cylindrical body and due to the presence of a discharge pipe in the upper part of the second vertical cylindrical body, reversal of the flow of gas to be purified in the opposite direction after it leaves the lower end of the first vertical cylindrical body and enters the second vertical cylindrical body, which allows for two-stage gas purification with the opposite direction of its flow.

Due to the fact that an irrigation pipe is installed inside the first vertical cylindrical body concentrically to its longitudinal axis of symmetry, containing nozzles fixed on its side wall, and due to the fact that the specified irrigation pipe is connected to the supply pipeline passing through the hole in the side wall of the second vertical cylindrical body and fixed in the specified hole, the cleaning fluid is supplied directly to the irrigation pipe without the need to create a water seal in the lower part of the first vertical cylindrical body, as indicated in the prototype [1], which allows for a more uniform distribution of the cleaning fluid along the height of the irrigation pipe of the apparatus .

Sea water is a scavenger and is often used to bind acidic flue gas particles, especially sulfur dioxide SO ₂ . Dissolved sulfur dioxide SO ₂ is converted into sulfite ions SO ₃ ^2- hydrosulfite ions HSO ₃ ^- and finally into sulfate ions SO ₄ ^2- . Sulfate ions SO ₄ ^2- in the composition of salts are natural components of sea water, their slight increase is harmless to the environment. When using sea water as a cleaning liquid, the reactions with the formation of the above ions occur in the first and second vertical cylindrical bodies of the apparatus. In the absorption zone, sulfur dioxide SO _{2 of} the cleaned flue gases passes from the gaseous phase to the dissolved phase in accordance with Henry's law:

In the gas/liquid contact zone and during the entire time of this contact, sulfur dioxide SO ₂ passes from the gas phase into solution. In this case, sulfur dioxide SO ₂ , dissolving in water, dissociates into a hydrogen ion H ⁺ and hydrosulfite ion HSO ₃ ^- . The chemical and physical processes in the absorber can be represented as follows in a simplified form:

Reaction (2) is a continuous process, since the resulting hydrogen ions H ⁺ are largely

neutralized by bicarbonate ions HCO ₃ ^- contained in sea water.

In addition, there is a direct conversion of sulfur dioxide SO ₂ and bicarbonate ions HCO ₃ ^- described by the following equation:

The dissolution of carbon dioxide CO _{2 of} the cleaned flue gases in sea water occurs similarly to the dissolution of SO _{2 (gas)} , but not constantly, since there is no corresponding neutralizing agent in sea water. Due to the higher partial pressure of CO ₂ in the absorption zone, the liquid is quickly saturated with dissolved CO ₂ , so that further transformation of the substance according to reaction (3) stops and, in the future, the liquid can no longer absorb sulfur dioxide SO ₂ .

The flue gases are cooled down to the temperature of sea water, and their temperature becomes much lower than the permissible and determined saturation point. Most of the steam contained in the flue gases condenses and enters the wash water stream.

Wash sea water, acidified by SO ₂ absorption and CO ₂ enrichment, is collected at the bottom of the second vertical cylindrical body and neutralized by the remaining flow of non-acidic sea water from the circulating pump tank installed in the line of the pipeline for removing the cleaning liquid. By adding non-acidic sea water to the wash water stream collected at the bottom of the second vertical cylindrical body, an optimal pH value for oxidation is established. Low pH values entail lower oxidation rates and require longer retention times. Starting from the gas/liquid contact zone, the hydrogen ions H ⁺ formed as a result of absorption of SO ₂ must be neutralized by the first existing HCO ₃ ^- bicarbonate ions, forming CO ₂ in the process:

In this case, the amount of washing water will be determined in such a way that all bicarbonate ions HCO ₃ ^{- are} consumed either by neutralization or by direct conversion of SO ₂ , and excess hydrogen ions H ⁺ remain. The remaining hydrogen ions will cause a noticeable drop in the pH value of the used cleansing sea water accumulating in the lower part of the second vertical cylindrical body. The resulting pH value of the used cleaning sea water will be determined by the content of bicarbonate ions HCO ₃ ^- in non-acidic sea water, the content of sulfur dioxide SO ₂ in the flue gases, the liquid/gas phase ratio and the operating temperature. The above pH value will be controlled by additional dosing of fresh sea water so that the optimum pH value of 6.0-6.5 is reached for the oxidation reaction.

Carbon dioxide CO ₂ formed as a result of neutralization is initially still dissolved in sea water. Through aeration with air supplied through a collector containing nozzles and connected to a pipeline intended for supplying air, into the used cleaning sea water, acidified by absorption of sulfur dioxide SO ₂ and enrichment of carbon dioxide CO ₂ and collected in the lower part of the second vertical cylindrical body, carbon dioxide CO ₂ gas passes from solution to the gaseous phase:

Due to the intensive aeration of the used cleansing sea water located in the lower part of the second vertical cylindrical body, the amount of dissolved carbon dioxide CO ₂ is noticeably reduced in it, and the efforts required to increase the pH value will be minimized. Some bisulfite ions HSO ₃ ^- in part of the used sea water discharged through a pipeline for draining liquid into a natural reservoir, will be oxidized by oxygen O ₂ dissolved in it according to the reaction:

At the same time, bisulfite ions HSO ₃ ^- in part of the used sea water entering the recirculation must be oxidized by air coming from the collector into the lower part of the second vertical cylindrical body and mixed with the used sea water, otherwise they will unacceptably increase the chemical demand in the oxygen of the part of the sea water entering the recirculation. A workable method to achieve the desired oxidation is to pass the used wash water through an aeration zone located at the bottom of the second vertical cylindrical body, before some of it is recirculated through the liquid recirculation pipeline and the other part is discharged into storage tanks or natural body of water through a pipeline to drain the liquid. Thus, when using sea water as a flushing liquid for flue gas cleaning, its partial recirculation is ensured.

Brief description of the figures

In FIG. the diagram of the apparatus for wet cleaning of gases is shown.

Description of the positions of the figures

1 - the first vertical cylindrical body;

2 - tangentially located branch pipe;

3 - guide device;

4 - second vertical cylindrical body;

5 - irrigation pipe;

6 - nozzles;

7 - supply pipeline;

8 - collector;

9 - nozzles;

10 - pipeline for air supply;

11 - annular failure plate;

12 - annular drop catcher;

13 - outlet pipe;

14 - pipeline for draining liquid;

15 - circulation pump;

16 - pipeline for liquid recirculation;

17 - pipeline;

18 - nozzles;

19 - pipeline;

20 - nozzles;

21 - pipeline;

22 - nozzles;

23 - pipeline;

24 - nozzles;

25 - pipeline for draining the liquid;

26 - curved section of the pipeline for draining the liquid;

27 - coarse-grained packing;

28 - additional pipeline for liquid supply;

29 - pipeline;

30 - nozzles;

31 - pipeline;

32 - nozzles;

33 - pipeline;

34 - nozzles;

35 - pipeline;

36 - nozzles;

37 - filter.

Implementation of the invention

Below is a particular example of the design of the apparatus for wet cleaning of gases and the principle of its operation.

The apparatus for wet cleaning of gases contains the first vertical cylindrical body 1 made of steel 12X18H10T, in the upper part of which there is a tangentially located branch pipe 2, made of steel 12X18H10T. At the same time, a guide device 3 is attached to the inner side wall of the first vertical cylindrical body 1, made in the form of a tape spiral made of steel 12X18H10T. Moreover, the first vertical cylindrical body 1 passes through a hole in the upper end wall of the second vertical cylindrical body 4 made of steel 12X18H10T and is welded to the said hole. At the same time, the tangentially located branch pipe 2 is located outside above the upper end wall of the second vertical cylindrical body 4. Moreover, the first vertical cylindrical body 1 does not adjoin the lower end wall of the second vertical cylindrical body 4. In this case, the first vertical cylindrical body 1 has an upper end wall, and the lower end wall is absent. Moreover, inside the first vertical cylindrical body 1, concentric to its longitudinal axis of symmetry, an irrigation pipe 5 made of steel 12X18H10T is installed, containing nozzles 6, symmetrically fixed on its side wall at several levels with an equal step between the levels. In this case, the upper end of the irrigation pipe 5 is plugged. Moreover, each of these levels contains four nozzles 6, which are located on the side wall of the irrigation pipe 5 symmetrically with equal spacing between them. At the same time, the guide device 3, made in the form of a ribbon spiral, is attached to the outer side wall of the irrigation pipe 5. Moreover, the irrigation pipe 5 is connected to the supply pipeline 7 made of steel 12X18H10T, passing through the hole in the side wall of the second vertical cylindrical body 4 and welded to it . At the same time, in the lower part of the second vertical cylindrical body 4, a collector 8 made of steel 12X18H10T is installed, containing nozzles 9 and connected to a pipeline 10 made of steel 12X18H10T and intended for air supply, which passes through an opening in the side wall of the second vertical cylindrical body 4 and is welded to the specified hole. Moreover, an annular failed plate 11 made of steel 12X18H10T is attached to the inner wall of the second vertical cylindrical body 4, put on over the first vertical cylindrical body 1 and welded to its outer side wall. At the same time, above the annular failed plate 11, to the inner wall of the second vertical cylindrical body 4, an annular drop catcher 12 made of steel 12X18H10T is attached, put on over the first vertical cylindrical body 1 and welded to its outer side wall. Moreover, in the upper part of the second vertical cylindrical body 4 above the annular drop eliminator 12 there is a discharge pipe 13. At the same time, a pipeline made of steel 12X18H10T is connected to the side wall of the second vertical cylindrical body 4 in its lower part for draining liquid 14, on the line of which a circulation pump 15 is installed Moreover, a liquid recirculation pipeline 16 made of steel 12X18H10T is connected to the pipeline for removing liquid 14. At the same time, the pipeline for recirculating liquid 16 is connected to two pipelines 17 and 21 made of steel 12X18N10T, passing through holes in the side wall of the second cylindrical housing 4 between the annular failure plate 11 and an annular drop catcher 12 and welded to these holes, as well as nozzles 18 and 22 containing at their ends, respectively, oriented towards the annular failure plate 11. In this case, the liquid recirculation pipeline 16 is also connected to two pipelines 19 and 23 made of steel 12X18H10T, passing through holes in the side wall of the second vertical cylindrical body 4 under the annular failure plate 11 and welded to these holes, as well as containing nozzles 20 and 24 at their ends, respectively, oriented towards the annular failure plate 11 Moreover, the liquid recirculation pipeline 16 is also connected to a liquid drain pipeline 25 made of steel 12X18N10T, containing a curved section 26. At the same time, a coarse-grained nozzle 27 is placed on the upper end surface of the failed plate 11 with a catalytic coating of grains based on platinum group metals, which accelerates the reaction absorption from the purified gas stream of hydrogen sulfide, NO _x and other undesirable impurities. Moreover, through the holes in the side wall of the second vertical cylindrical body 4, two additional pipelines 29 and 31, welded to the indicated holes and made of steel 12X18H10T, are placed respectively above and below the drop catcher 12 and connected to an additional pipeline for supplying liquid 28 made of steel 12X18H10T, and also containing nozzles 30 and 32 at their ends, respectively, oriented towards the drop catcher 12. At the same time, two additional pipelines 33 and 35, welded to these holes and made of steel 12X18H10T, are located respectively above and under the drop eliminator 12 and connected to an additional pipeline for supplying liquid 28 made of steel 12X18N10T, as well as nozzles 34 and 36 containing at their ends, respectively, oriented towards the drop eliminator 12. At the same time, on the line of the pipeline for draining liquid 14 after the circulation pump 15, an axial filter 37 is additionally installed.

Below is a particular example of the operation of the apparatus for wet cleaning of gases.

First, the flue gas to be cleaned enters through a tangentially located pipe 2 into the upper part of the first vertical cylindrical body 1. At the same time, inside the first vertical cylindrical body 1 through the supply pipeline 7, the irrigation pipe 5 and its nozzle 6 using a pump (not shown in Fig.) through a filter (not shown in Fig.) installed on the pipeline line 7, a cleaning liquid is supplied, which is used as sea water, distributed along the height of the first vertical cylindrical body 1. The cleaned flue gas, passing through the first vertical cylindrical body 1 from top to bottom, interacts with the cleaning liquid coming through the nozzles 6. At the same time, due to the presence inside the first vertical cylindrical body 1 of the guide device 3, made in the form of a ribbon spiral, an increase in the intensity of heat and mass transfer of the cleaned flue gas and sea water is provided. After that, the cleaned flue gas exits the lower part of the first vertical cylindrical body 1 inside the second vertical cylindrical body 4. At the same time, inside the second vertical cylindrical body 4, the direction of the flow of the cleaned flue gas changes to the opposite (by 180 °) and then the cleaned flue gas inside the second vertical cylindrical body 4 moves from bottom to top, passing successively through the annular failure plate 11, the coarse-grained nozzle 27 and the annular drop catcher 12. Changing the direction of the flow of the gas to be purified provides a more complete removal of solid particles of various sludge from the flue gas being cleaned, because due to the action of gravity on these solid particles, they accumulate in the lower part of the second vertical cylindrical body 4. At the same time, the spent cleaning liquid also accumulates in the lower part of the second vertical cylindrical body 4 and in e air is supplied for its oxidation with the help of a compressor (in Fig. not shown) through the pipeline for supplying air 10, the collector 8 and the nozzle 9. Moreover, part of the spent cleaning liquid is recirculated and is supplied using the circulation pump 15 through the pipeline for recirculating the liquid 16 and through the pipelines 17, 19, 21, 23 and the nozzle 18 , 20, 22, 24 on the lower end surface of the annular failure plate 11 and the upper surface of the coarse-grained nozzle 27. Another part of the spent cleaning liquid is drained through the pipeline for draining the liquid 25 and its curved section 26 into storage tanks (not shown in Fig.) or into natural reservoir. At the same time, using a separate pump (not shown in Fig.) through an additional pipeline for supplying liquid 28, pipelines 29, 31, 33, 35 and nozzles 30, 32, 34, 36 from a separate source of water supply, fresh water is supplied to the lower and upper end surface of the annular droplet eliminator 12 for its washing. On the annular failed plate 11, a stable transition of the gas phase from continuous to dispersed (inversion) is ensured. Carried away from the annular failed plate 11, together with the gas flow, the particles of the cleaning liquid are separated from the gas phase in the drop catcher 12, the surfaces of which are cleaned periodically with fresh water using nozzles 30, 32, 34 and 36. The cleaning liquid supplied to the apparatus is divided automatically in such a way that it the speed in the nozzles 6 of the central irrigation pipe 5 is determined by the height of the liquid layer on the annular failure plate 11 with a coarse-grained nozzle 27, which can operate both in bubbling mode and in the mode of a floating coarse-grained nozzle 27. After passing through the annular failure plate 11 and the annular drop catcher 12, the purified flue gas exits the second vertical cylindrical body 4 through the outlet pipe 13 located in its upper part.

Thus, the operation of the apparatus for wet gas cleaning provides two-stage gas purification with the opposite direction of its flow, a more uniform distribution of the cleaning liquid along the height of the apparatus’s irrigation pipe, and partial recirculation of the cleaning liquid, as shown above.

Industrial Applicability

Apparatus for wet cleaning gases according to the claimed invention meet the condition of "industrial applicability". The essence of the technical solution is disclosed in the formula, description and figure clearly enough for understanding and industrial implementation by the relevant specialists on the basis of the state of the art in the field of wet gas cleaning.

Claims (4)

1. Apparatus for wet scrubbing of gases, characterized in that it contains the first vertical cylindrical body, in the upper part of which there is a tangentially located branch pipe; at the same time, a guide device made in the form of a ribbon spiral is attached to the inner side wall of the first vertical cylindrical body; moreover, the first vertical cylindrical body passes through the hole in the upper end wall of the second vertical cylindrical body and is fixed in the specified hole; while the tangentially located branch pipe is outside above the upper end wall of the second vertical cylindrical body; moreover, the first vertical cylindrical body is not adjacent to the lower end wall of the second vertical cylindrical body; moreover, the first vertical cylindrical body has an upper end wall, and the lower end wall is absent; at the same time, inside the first vertical cylindrical body, concentric to its longitudinal axis of symmetry, an irrigation pipe is installed, containing nozzles fixed on its side wall; moreover, the guide device, made in the form of a ribbon spiral, is attached to the outer wall of the irrigation pipe; wherein the irrigation pipe is connected to the supply pipeline passing through the hole in the side wall of the second vertical cylindrical body and fixed in the specified hole; moreover, in the lower part of the second vertical cylindrical body, a manifold is installed, containing nozzles and connected to an air supply pipeline, which passes through a hole in the side wall of the second vertical cylindrical body and is fixed in the specified hole; at the same time, an annular failure plate is attached to the inner wall of the second vertical cylindrical body, put on over the first vertical cylindrical body and attached to its outer side wall; moreover, above the annular failed plate to the inner wall of the second vertical cylindrical body, an annular drop catcher is attached, put on over the first vertical cylindrical body and attached to its outer side wall; at the same time, in the upper part of the second vertical cylindrical body above the annular drop eliminator there is a discharge pipe; moreover, to the side wall of the second vertical cylindrical body in its lower part, a pipeline is connected for draining liquid, on the line of which a circulation pump is installed; at the same time, a liquid recirculation pipeline is connected to the liquid discharge pipeline; moreover, the liquid recirculation pipeline is connected to at least one pipeline passing through a hole in the side wall of the second vertical cylindrical body between the annular failure plate and the annular drop catcher and fixed in the specified hole, and also containing at its end a nozzle oriented towards the annular failure plate; wherein the liquid recirculation pipeline is also connected to at least one pipeline passing through a hole in the side wall of the second vertical cylindrical body under the annular failure plate and fixed in the specified hole, and also containing at its end a nozzle oriented towards the annular failure plate; wherein the liquid recirculation line is also connected to the liquid drain line. 2. Apparatus according to claim. 1, characterized in that a coarse-grained nozzle is additionally placed on the upper end surface of the failed plate. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that through the holes in the side wall of the second vertical cylindrical body pass at least two additional pipelines attached to the said holes, placed respectively above and below the drop catcher and connected to an additional pipeline for supplying liquid, and also containing nozzles at their ends, oriented towards the drop catcher. 4. Apparatus according to claim 1, or 2, or 3, characterized in that a filter is additionally installed on the pipeline line for draining liquid after the circulation pump.

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