RU2788234C1 - Post comprehensive diagnosis of cars - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: vehicle transmission diagnostics.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of vehicle transmission diagnostics. The post of complex diagnostics of cars consists of a viewing hole with ladders. A vibration stand is mounted in the central part of the inspection hole. An electric motor is fixed under the ladders, connected to the intermediate shaft and the eccentric shaft by means of a belt drive. Between the intermediate shaft and the eccentric shaft is a tension roller. On the eccentric shaft, connecting rods are fixed, made with the possibility of setting the movable platforms in motion through silent blocks. The electric motor is connected to a control cabinet, configured to supply control commands to the electric motor for generating vibrations by the shaker. The vibration stand includes platforms with movable platforms installed in gangways on the same axis to the left and right relative to the direction of the vehicle. Vibrations generated by the shaker, imitating road bumps, are produced with an amplitude of 5 to 50 mm and a frequency of 0 to 380 vibrations per minute.

EFFECT: expansion of functionality of post of complex diagnostics of cars is achieved.

1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The technical solution relates to the field of diagnosing defects in technical systems and can be used to monitor and diagnose vehicle transmissions during their maintenance or repair [G01M17/007, G01M15/00, B60S9/00].

The prior art ROLLER STAND FOR TESTING CARS [RU2090854, publ. 09/20/1997], containing several pairs of support rollers, each of which is mechanically connected by a drive or brake unit, characterized in that it additionally contains auxiliary rotating rollers, one for each pair of support rollers located between the support rollers, power manipulators with control devices, speed meters of rotation of auxiliary rollers, and each power manipulator is mechanically connected with the axis of rotation of the corresponding auxiliary roller.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the limited functionality of the device: the invention involves the diagnosis and testing of only the braking system of the car, while other systems are not diagnosed.

Also known STATION EXPRESS DIAGNOSIS OF VEHICLES [RU2122716, publ. 11/27/1998], which contains a roadway with a base and platforms fixed on it for wheel movement, sensors with electrical output signals, a switchboard switched on with the possibility of receiving signals from sensors at its input, a computer designed for processing according to appropriate algorithms and programs recorded in its database, the received information, characterized in that the roadway is located in a covered room, on both sides of which there are gates for the entry and exit of the vehicle, sensors are installed along the platforms of the roadway, between them, on their sides , between the rolling surface and the bottom of the car and above it, and the distributor-switch is connected to the computer input by an optical fiber cable. The station allows you to monitor vehicle units while driving and can be used to determine the pressure in the tires of the wheels, tire tread, camber and convergence of the steered wheels, exhaust gases, detect malfunctions in the operation of engines, units and mechanisms and other objects that characterize the current state of the vehicle .

The disadvantage of the analog is the limited functionality of the device: the express diagnostics station evaluates the state of the car only by means of sensors, while not simulating the process of moving the car on a road surface of various quality, which does not allow to fully identify the nature of the malfunctions of the suspension elements and other components and assemblies.

Also known is a METHOD FOR CONTROL OF THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF THE DYNAMIC SYSTEM OF THE VEHICLE STABILIZATION OF THE VEHICLE ON STANDS WITH RUNNING DRUM AND A DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION [RU2755626, publ. 09/17/2021], implemented in a device that contains a frame with support rollers and four flywheels kinematically interconnected by means of shafts, couplings and chain drives, rollers of servo systems designed to measure the speed of rotation of the wheels, as well as devices for measuring the braking forces on wheels of the car, located on the drive shafts of the support rollers. The device additionally contains a lifting and turning mechanism, which includes pneumatic chambers that provide lifting of the platform with the car, linear bearings on which the platform rotates about the axis of rotation, a hydraulic cylinder that rotates the platform, an axis of rotation of the platform located at the intersection of the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the stand and the axis of rotation of the wheels , as well as the sensor of the stabilizing moment of the "car-stand" system, the sensor of the angle and speed of the platform turn. The technical result is the expansion of the diagnostic functionality, which consists in the ability to set test modes for diagnosing the dynamic system of vehicle exchange rate stabilization.

The disadvantage of the analog is the limited functionality: only the dynamic system of vehicle exchange rate stabilization is subject to control and diagnostics, while malfunctions of other suspension elements, engine mounts and other vehicle units are not diagnosed using this technical solution.

The closest in technical essence is a METHOD FOR DIAGNOSING CONTROL DEVICES AND SYSTEMS OF VEHICLES [RU2164675, publ. 03/27/2001], which consists in the fact that the wheels of the vehicle are first spun, and then they are braked using the braking system of the vehicle. At the same time, the braking parameters are measured and then compared with the reference values, and the technical condition of the brake system is judged by the deviation from the reference values. At the same time, the wheel is additionally loaded with an oscillatory load, the oscillation parameters are measured, and the braking parameters are measured without loading and when the wheel is loaded with an oscillatory load, and the technical condition of the extinguishing devices of the suspension of the vehicle is judged by the difference in the values of the measured braking parameters without loading and with loading with an oscillatory load. , as well as the parameters of oscillations and braking, they judge the performance of the anti-lock braking system and the vehicle suspension control system.

The structure of the stand that implements the claimed method includes brake stand rollers, a frame, planetary gears, electric motors, a stand control panel, a wheel brake force sensor, a brake pedal force sensor, an oscillator acting on the car wheels, a wheel vibration frequency sensor, a contact force sensor wheel and wheel vibration amplitude sensor.

The technical result is the expansion of functionality due to the simultaneous assessment of the technical condition of the control devices-brakes and the suspension of vehicles, according to the parameters of braking and oscillations, as well as the approximation of the brake test conditions to real ones, which allow you to control the operation of the anti-lock braking system of the car brakes, extinguishing devices, including including self-adjusting, as well as other control devices and systems in the suspension and braking system of the car.

The main technical problem of the prototype is the limited functionality: the test bench mainly assesses the state of the vehicle suspension in terms of measuring the braking force in the presence and absence of an oscillatory load, while the amplitude of oscillations affecting the wheels of the vehicle is limited by the design of the eccentric mechanism used, that is, in fact, it is fixed Thus, the mentioned factors make it impossible to carry out a comprehensive diagnosis of the main vehicle systems using a single device, which does not allow a comprehensive assessment of the technical condition of the vehicle components and assemblies.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to eliminate the shortcomings of the prototype.

The technical result of the invention is the expansion of the functionality of the post of complex diagnostics of vehicles.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the post of complex diagnostics of cars, consisting of an inspection pit with ladders, a vibration stand is mounted in the central part of the inspection pit, an electric motor is fixed under the ladders, connected to the intermediate shaft and the eccentric shaft by means of a belt drive, between the intermediate shaft and the eccentric a tension roller is located on the shaft, connecting rods are fixed on the eccentric shaft, made with the possibility of setting the movable platforms in motion through silent blocks, the electric motor is connected to a control cabinet, made with the possibility of supplying control commands to the electric motor for generating vibrations by the vibration stand, characterized in that the vibration stand includes platforms with movable platforms installed in the gangways on the same axis to the left and right relative to the direction of movement of the car, and the vibrations generated by the vibration stand, simulating road irregularities, are produced with an amplitude of 5 mm to 50 mm and a frequency of 0 to 380 k fluctuations per minute.

Brief description of the drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows the front view of the complex diagnostics of cars.

In FIG. 2 shows a side view of the post of complex diagnostics of cars.

In FIG. 3 shows a top view of the post of complex diagnostics of cars.

In FIG. 4 shows the front view of the shaker.

In FIG. 5 shows a side view of the shaker.

In FIG. 6 shows a top view of the shaker.

The figures indicate: 1 - inspection pit, 2 - pits, 3 - ladders, 4 - backlash detector platforms, 5 - backlash detector hydraulic station, 6 - vibration stand, 7 - vibration stand platforms, 8 - hydraulic traverse, 9 - control cabinet, 10 - elevator,
11 - articulated joints, 12 - movable platform, 13 - silent block, 14 - connecting rod,
15 - eccentric shaft, 16 - electric motor, 17 - intermediate shaft, 18 - tension roller, 19 - electric motor pulley, 20 - eccentric shaft pulley, 21 - large pulley of the intermediate shaft, 22 - small pulley of the intermediate shaft, 23 - bearing supports.

The post of complex diagnostics of cars consists of an inspection pit 1 (see Fig. 1) with pits 2 and metal ladders 3. For the convenience of moving the diagnostician from the surface of the ladders 3 to the pits 2, steps are mounted (not shown in the figures), as well as an elevator 10 .

On each of the ladders 3 in their central part, backlash detectors are mounted (see Fig. 2), consisting of platforms 4, a hydraulic station 5 and a cabinet with electrical equipment (not shown in the figures).

Between the ladders 3 on the stops mounted hydraulic traverse 8 (see Fig. 1, 3), consisting of a frame moved on rollers, a scissor lifting mechanism and power hydraulics, including a cylinder and a pump (components of the hydraulic traverse 8 are not shown in the figures).

In the central part of the post of complex diagnostics of cars, a vibration stand 6 is mounted, including platforms 7, an electric motor 16 (see Fig. 5), an intermediate shaft 17 and an eccentric shaft 15. A tension roller 18 is included in the belt drive between the intermediate shaft 17 and the eccentric shaft 15. The electric motor 16 is fixed under the ladders 3 by means of a swivel 11. On one of the walls of the inspection hole 2, a control cabinet 9 is fixed, designed to control the operating modes of the electric motor 16.

Also, the shaker 6 includes a platform oscillation counter, consisting of an information screen and a Hall sensor (not shown in the figures), designed to read the number of revolutions from the eccentric shaft pulley 20, on which a magnet (not shown in the figures) is fixed, acting as a signal mark.

The platforms of the shaker 7 include movable platforms 12 fixed on the ladders 3 by means of a swivel 11.

Connecting rods 14 are mounted on the eccentric shaft 15, connected to the movable platforms 12 by means of silent blocks 13. The eccentric shaft 15 is fixed to the elements of the ladders 3 by means of bearing supports 23.

The claimed technical solution is used as follows.

The vibrating stand 6 is capable of creating oscillations simulating various road bumps with variable frequency and amplitude. The amplitude can vary from 5 mm to 50 mm, the oscillation frequency is from 0 to 380 vibrations per minute. Depending on the nature of the fault, the required amplitude and frequency of oscillations are selected, or the test is carried out in a wide range, most often at the minimum, average and maximum amplitude with a frequency of 0 to 380 oscillations per minute.

The basic principle of diagnostics on the vibration stand 6 is the creation of resonant vibrations for various elements of the car with visual observation of their condition. Each element of the suspension and car body has its own resonant frequency, and when the vibration frequency and amplitude of the vibration stand 6 coincides with the resonant frequency of the element, a defect appears in the form of knocking, creaking or excessive mobility. Sometimes, on the contrary, the element does not show proper mobility throughout the entire operating range, which can also indicate a malfunction, which is more typical, for example, for engine mounts. For different types and brands of cars, frequencies and amplitudes may differ.

Hydraulic traverse 8 is used to hang the axles of the car and detect faults associated with bearings, and some silent blocks, mainly on the rear suspension, which cannot be detected in other ways, except for hanging the car with a loaded suspension and creating a certain load on the wheel.

The movable platforms 12 of the shaker 6 are installed in the ladders 3 on the left and right on the same axis. This makes it possible, by means of a combination of different oscillation cycles, to simulate road conditions under which faults occur. Diagnostics is carried out by the organoleptic method and with the help of accelerometer sensors mounted on shock absorbers, with the analysis and output of these received signals to a computer (not shown in the figures). By means of the said computer, one of eight programs is launched for execution, each of which corresponds to different combinations of oscillation frequencies and synchronization of the platforms of the shaker 7. The programs are used for the most common checks for quickly setting the shaker 6 to simulate the necessary road conditions. If none of the eight programs allows you to find a fault, the vibration stand 6 is manually adjusted by the operation of the control cabinet 9 to the required values of amplitude, frequency and synchronization, at which the fault will appear. The frequency changes due to a change in the number of revolutions of the electric motor 16, and the amplitude - due to a change in the position of the vehicle wheel on the movable platform 12: if the wheel is located in close proximity to the swivel joint 11, then the oscillation amplitude of the movable platform 12 with the vehicle wheel is of little importance, if If the wheel moves away from the swivel 11 along the surface of the movable platform 12, then the oscillation amplitude of the movable platform 12 with the vehicle wheel increases, approaching its maximum possible value.

Before starting the work of the post of complex diagnostics, the car is placed on the ramps 3, while the axle of the car under test (front or rear) is placed on the movable platforms 12 of the vibration stand 6. By means of the control cabinet 9, the parameters of the vibration stand 6 are set and the electric motor 16 is turned on, through the electric motor pulley 19, large 21 and small 22 pulleys of the intermediate shaft driving the intermediate shaft 17 and then the eccentric shaft 15 through the eccentric shaft pulley 20.

By means of the connecting rods 14 fixed through the silent blocks 13 on the eccentric shaft 15, the movable platforms 12 are actuated, thereby bringing the car's suspension into a state of controlled oscillation.

Through said computer, one of eight programs is run, each of which corresponds to different combinations of oscillation frequencies and synchronization of the platforms of the shaker 7, through which the most common checks are carried out for quickly setting the shaker 6 to simulate the necessary road conditions. In case of non-compliance of any of the eight programs with the conditions of troubleshooting, the vibration stand 6 is manually adjusted by the operation of the control cabinet 9 to the required values of amplitude, frequency and synchronization, at which a malfunction occurs.

The presence of basic programs allows, through the operation of the computer, to quickly configure the shaker 6 and speeds up the diagnostic process; indication by means of an information screen (not shown in the figures) of the oscillation frequency of the movable platforms 12 allows you to quickly develop the skill of effective work with the master diagnostician by the method of comparative analysis.

Examples of diagnostics of various functional elements of the car.

Check shock absorbers carried out at three values of the amplitude of oscillation of the movable platforms 12, for example 10 mm, 30 mm and 50 mm with a smooth increase in frequency from 0 to 375 vibrations per minute. Each wheel is checked separately. Assessment of the condition is carried out by ear, visually, by touch. Possible manifestations of a malfunction: knocking, creaking, shocks from the shock absorber, loss of contact between the wheel and the vibration platform is possible, which manifests itself as a patting of the wheel on the vibration platform. The most complete information is provided by checks in the entire range of frequencies and amplitudes, since, due to the design of the shock absorber, malfunctions can only appear at a specific regime point.

Simultaneously with the check of the shock absorbers, the condition of the shock absorber supports is checked. Most often, support failures occur at an oscillation frequency of 150 to 300 and are manifested by a distinct knock and shock in the upper part of the shock absorber, as well as visual observation of vibrations of the support damping layer, where possible. At the same time, anthers and chippers are monitored, since extraneous sounds from these elements can appear at different frequencies and amplitudes.

The bushings and stabilizer struts are checked simultaneously with asynchronous movement of the left and right movable platforms 12 at a low frequency, up to 60 vibrations per minute. In this case, the car body is subjected to rocking from side to side, in which backlashes are clearly manifested in the nodes of the anti-roll bar. The knock from the stabilizer struts also manifests itself at a high oscillation frequency of 150 oscillations per minute. The oscillation amplitude for checking the stabilizer elements is chosen to be maximum: the greater the swaying of the body, the more clearly the defects appear.

Silent blocks are checked at the maximum amplitude with asynchronous movement of both movable platforms 12. The frequency of one platform of the vibration stand 7 remains unchanged in the region of 20-30 vibrations per minute, and the frequency of the other vibration platform is smoothly changed from 0 to 200 vibrations per minute until the symptoms of the defect appear. Then the test is carried out for another wheel in the same way. Asynchronous movement is necessary to prevent synchronization of suspension elements: synchronization occurs after some time of operation without changing the frequency, since all suspension elements are brought to a stable position, and diagnostics become uninformative. Silent block defects are manifested by excessive mobility, knocking, creaking, visual observation of tears and extrusion of rubber.

Diagnostics of the steering rack is carried out at a small or medium amplitude of oscillations of the movable platforms 12 with asynchronous movement of the platforms of the shaker 7 with a smooth increase in frequency up to 250 oscillations per minute, while the oscillation frequency of both vibration platforms is chosen the same. The defect is manifested by a knock in the steering rack and is felt tactilely, or manifested by acoustic effects.

Checking the engine mounts of the car and the gearbox is carried out at an average amplitude of oscillations of the movable platforms 12 with a smooth increase in frequency separately for each wheel, while the oscillation frequency is from 0 to 250 oscillations per minute. The oscillation frequency is increased or decreased until the power unit enters resonance and acquires the maximum amplitude of oscillations relative to the body, at which point the defects in the supports are manifested by knocking or increased displacement. There are also cases when the power unit at all frequencies shows little mobility relative to the body, which is also a sign of a malfunction.

Simultaneously with checking the engine mounts of the car, the exhaust system and its suspensions are checked for touching the body, extraneous sounds inside the exhaust system, the integrity of heat shields, and movable joints. The exhaust system perceives vibrations from the power unit to the flexible connection and from the body through suspensions, while defects are manifested by knocking and creaking.

With the help of the vibration stand 6, weakly fixed or unadjusted body elements are detected, such as headlights, bumpers, hood knock, etc., as well as interior elements for squeaks and knocks. Checks are carried out at small amplitudes with a smooth increase in the oscillation frequency to maximum values. Depending on the weight of the element, a knock or creak appears at different frequencies.

The knock of the brake calipers is detected with a small and medium amplitude of vibrations of the movable platforms 12 with an increase in frequency from 120 to 300 vibrations per minute separately for each wheel.

A backlash detector is used to check suspension elements that are poorly detected by a vibration stand, mainly swivel joints and some silent blocks. To do this, the vehicle suspension wheel is forcibly moved and the corresponding backlashes are visually determined. Also, by means of a backlash detector, the list of faults is clarified in case of multiple faults on one axle of the vehicle.

The hydraulic traverse 8 is used to hang the axles of the car and detect faults associated with bearings, and some silent blocks, mainly on the rear suspension, which cannot be detected by any other means, except for hanging with a loaded suspension and creating a certain load on the wheel. To do this, the frame of the hydraulic traverse 8 is moved in a horizontal plane along the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and, if necessary, the required part of the vehicle is raised or lowered by means of a lifting mechanism and power hydraulics.

The claimed technical result - expanding the functionality of the post of complex diagnostics of cars - is achieved due to the fact that the claimed technical solution allows for complex diagnostics of the car, including checking shock absorbers, shock absorber mounts, bushings and struts of stabilizers, silent blocks, steering rack diagnostics, checking engine mounts, boxes gear shifting and other components and assemblies of the car. The possibility of forming vibrations by the vibration stand, simulating road irregularities with an amplitude of 5 mm to 50 mm, and an oscillation frequency of 0 to 380 vibrations per minute, allows simulating the movement of a car on various surfaces. The range of oscillation amplitudes from 5 mm to 50 mm is justified by the fact that during oscillations with an amplitude below 5 mm, no defects in the operation of the car appear, since in this mode an imitation of an almost ideal roadway is realized; when vibrations with an amplitude of more than 50 mm, uncharacteristic defects of the suspension elements and other components and assemblies appear, and premature wear of the parts of the tested car occurs due to the fact that structurally non-specialized cars are not designed to be affected by vibrations of such an amplitude.

The range of oscillation frequencies is limited to 380 oscillations per minute, which is justified by the fact that when the car is moving along roads of different quality, the maximum possible oscillation frequency on average can take exactly this value (established experimentally), respectively, an increase in frequency to values of more than 380 oscillations per minute is impractical.

The presence of the tension roller 18 allows you to maintain the required level of tension of the belt drive for the possibility of operating the shaker with the specified values of the frequency and amplitude of vibrations.

Unlike the proposed technical solution, all known vibration stands are tested at one fixed amplitude with a variable frequency, which does not give a complete picture of the state of the suspension elements and other vehicle elements. In addition, the amplitude of the known shakers is too small to evaluate such elements as silent blocks, bushings and stabilizer struts, shock absorber strut supports, etc.

The proposed vibration stand 6 allows you to change the amplitude of vibrations due to the positioning of the car on the movable platforms 12. The eccentric shaft 15 through the connecting rod 14 and the silent block 13 is rigidly connected to the movable platform 12, which does not allow you to influence the nature of its movement depending on the weight and condition of the vehicle suspension. Due to the absence of various gearboxes and the use of a belt drive, the operation of the installation is realized with a low noise level, which makes it possible to hear defects and thus implement the declared functionality of the technical solution.

In 2022, the applicant produced experimental and commercial samples of the claimed technical solution, the testing and trial operation of which confirmed the claimed technical result.

In particular, the post of complex diagnostics of cars has shown its effectiveness in diagnosing the following functional elements of a car: shock absorbers, bushings and stabilizer struts, steering rack, engine mounts, gearbox, exhaust system and its suspensions, as well as brake calipers. Through the work of the mentioned samples, during the tests, weakly fixed or unadjusted body elements, such as headlights, bumpers, hood, as well as elements of the interior lining of the car, were reliably detected.

In cases that required clarification of the nature of the malfunctions of the suspension elements (in particular, constant velocity joints and silent blocks of the front axle), a backlash detector was used. In the mentioned cases, the suspension of the axles of the car to detect malfunctions was carried out using the mechanisms of the hydraulic traverse 8.

The completeness and reliability of information on the state of the tested vehicle systems, obtained as a result of diagnostics, in all cases guaranteed a reduction in time, resources and the likelihood of errors during diagnostics and subsequent scheduled repairs and, as a result, a decrease in the number of repeated warranty claims.

Thus, during the tests, the possibility of conducting a comprehensive comprehensive diagnostics of vehicle systems through the operation of a single device was confirmed.

Claims (1)

The post of complex diagnostics of cars, consisting of an inspection pit with ladders, a vibration stand is mounted in the central part of the inspection pit, an electric motor is fixed under the ladders, connected to the intermediate shaft and the eccentric shaft by means of a belt drive, a tension roller is located between the intermediate shaft and the eccentric shaft, connecting rods, configured to drive the movable platforms through silent blocks, the electric motor is connected to a control cabinet, configured to supply control commands to the electric motor for generating vibrations by the vibration stand, characterized in that the vibration stand includes platforms with movable platforms installed in the gangways on the same axis on the left and to the right relative to the direction of movement of the car, and the vibrations generated by the vibration stand, simulating road bumps, are produced with an amplitude of 5 to 50 mm and a frequency of 0 to 380 vibrations per minute.

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