RU2788062C1 - Method for improving the efficiency of a reciprocating internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: internal combustion engines.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in internal combustion engines. A method for improving the efficiency of a reciprocating internal combustion engine consists in converting the rotational movement of the profiled cams (5), (12) of the cam shafts (4), (11) into the reciprocating movement of the spring-loaded rod (3) of the piston (2), resulting in In the cylinder (1) of the engine, the processes of filling, compression, combustion, the working cycle and the release of gases of combustion products are performed. At the beginning of the working cycle, the rollers (6), (13) of the rod (3) of the piston (2) slide off the top of the profiled cam (5), (12) and the rod (3) with spring-loaded rocker arms (7), (14) moves down. The rocker arms (7), (14) during movement contact with the top of the profiled cams (5), (12) and as the rod (3) moves down, they compress the springs (10), (16) of the rocker arms (7), (14). Throughout the entire path of movement of the rod (3), the rocker arms (7), (14) act on the tops of the cams (5), (12) due to the springs (10), (12), ensuring the rotation of the cam shafts (4), (11) connected to the shaft (20) of the load. At the beginning of the working stroke, the rollers (6), (13) mounted on the ends of the T-shaped rod (3) of the piston (2) roll off the tops of the profiled cams (5), (12) and, together with the spring-loaded rocker arms (7), (14) move down. During the entire movement of the T-shaped rod (3), the rocker arms (7), (14) due to the springs (10), (16) act on the tops of the cams (5), (12), providing rotation in opposite directions of the cam shafts (4), (11) connected to the load shaft (20) by gears (17), (18), (19). In the case of combining single-cylinder engines into a multi-cylinder engine, the automatic control system ensures the operation of the electric drives (25) of the springs (10), (16) of the T-shaped piston rods (3) in such a way that the single-cylinder engines that are part of the multi-cylinder engine operate either alternately, either in groups or at the same time.

EFFECT: preventing lateral pressure of the piston on the rod and reducing heat loss.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to power engineering, in particular, improves the method of converting internal energy into mechanical work, intended for power plants, for example, in power plants, ships, diesel locomotives, cars, aviation.

In engine building, a method of improving the efficiency of a reciprocating internal combustion engine with oppositely moving pistons (PDP) is widely known (Vansheidt, V.A., Marine internal combustion engines, Sudpromgiz.-L.: 1962, p. 525). The essence of the method lies in the fact that the processes in a single-cylinder engine are carried out by two pistons. This allows you to double the efficiency of the engine.

The disadvantage of this method is that the power take-off is performed by two load shafts located at a distance from each other.

Also known in engine building is a method for improving the efficiency of a reciprocating internal combustion engine (RF patent No. 2756153, publ. 28.09.2021, bull. No. 28). The essence of the method lies in the fact that the gear sectors fixed on the control shaft alternately raise the spring-loaded gear piston rod to the top dead center (TDC), as a result of which the fuel-gas mixture is burned in the engine cylinder. In this case, the pressure of the gases of the combustion products increases to P _z =250 kgf/cm ² . The high gas pressure presses on the piston rigidly connected to the toothed spring-loaded rod. The rectilinear movement of the gear rod is converted into rotational movement of the gear rims of the ratchet wheels connected to the load shaft.

The disadvantage of using toothed sectors for compressing the fuel-gas mixture is that at the moment of fuel combustion, the teeth of the sector experience heavy loads, and therefore can break.

Closest to the claimed method is the description of the invention (Pechkin engine) (RF Patent No. 2163681, publ. 27.02.2001, bull. No. 6). The essence of the method lies in the fact that when the compressed fuel-gas mixture is ignited, the roller rotating on the piston axis of the rod slides off the top of the profiled cam and the piston, together with the rod rigidly fixed to it, moves sharply down. A spring-loaded rocker arm, mounted on a rod, acts on the top of the profiled cam, ensuring the rotation of the cam shaft.

The disadvantage of this method is that during the working stroke the piston makes lateral pressure on the rod. This leads to the destruction of the parts of the cylinder of the piston group, as well as to a decrease in engine efficiency.

Based on the foregoing, the task was to develop such a method for improving the efficiency of a reciprocating internal combustion engine, in which the described disadvantages would be eliminated and the essential features of the known methods would be preserved.

The problem is solved by the claimed method for improving the efficiency of a reciprocating internal combustion engine, which includes converting the rotational movement of the profiled cam of the camshaft into the reciprocating movement of the spring-loaded piston rod, as a result of which the processes of filling, compression, combustion, working cycle and release of product gases are performed in the engine cylinder combustion, and at the beginning of the working stroke, the rollers mounted on the ends of the T-shaped piston rod slide off the tops of the profiled cams and, together with the spring-loaded rocker arms, move down until they come into contact with the cylindrical parts of the cams. Throughout the entire path of movement of the T-shaped rod, the rocker arms act on the tops of the cams due to the springs, providing rotation in opposite directions of the cam shafts connected to the load shaft by means of gears.

In the claimed method, the features of the invention common to it and to its closest analogue are:

- transformation of the rotational movement of the profiled cam of the camshaft into the reciprocating movement of the spring-loaded piston rod, as a result of which the processes of filling, compression, combustion, working cycle and the release of gases of combustion products take place in the engine cylinder;

- when the compressed fuel-gas mixture is ignited, the rod roller slides off the top of the profiled cam and the piston, together with the rod rigidly attached to it, moves sharply down;

- the rocker at the initial moment of the downward movement of the rod contacts the top of the cam and, as the rod moves down, compresses the spring, ensuring the movement of the rod smoothly, without shock, until the roller touches the cylindrical part of the cam;

- on the continuation of the entire path of movement of the rod with the roller and the rocker down, the rocker, due to the spring, acts on the top of the cam, ensuring the rotation of the camshaft.

In the claimed method, the features of the invention that distinguish it from its closest analogue are:

- at the beginning of the working cycle, the rollers installed at the ends of the T-shaped piston rod roll down from the tops of the profiled cams and move down together with the spring-loaded rocker arms;

- on the continuation of the entire path of movement of the T-shaped rod of the rocker, due to the springs, they act on the tops of the cams, providing rotation in opposite directions of the cam shafts connected to the load shaft by means of gears;

- in the case of combining single-cylinder engines into a multi-cylinder engine, the automatic control system ensures the operation of the electric drives of the springs of the T-shaped piston rods in such a way that the single-cylinder engines that are part of the multi-cylinder engine operate either alternately, or in groups, or simultaneously.

This set of distinguishing features of the invention, together with the general features of the claimed method for improving the efficiency of a reciprocating internal combustion engine and its closest analogues, provide a positive effect of the invention in all cases covered by the requested scope of legal protection.

In FIG. 1 shows a kinematic diagram of a device for implementing a method for improving the efficiency of a piston internal combustion engine; in fig. 2 shows a kinematic diagram of a device for implementing the method during the conversion of the rectilinear movement of the T-shaped piston rod into rotational movements of profiled cams; in fig. 3 shows a kinematic diagram of a device for implementing the method during the conversion of the internal energies of the rocker springs into rotational movements of profiled cams.

A device for implementing a method for improving the efficiency of a piston internal combustion engine comprises a cylinder 1, a piston 2 is rigidly connected to a T-shaped rod 3, at the ends of which the roller axes 6, 13 and the axes 8, 15 of the rocker arms 7, 14 are fixed with the possibility of swinging the rocker arms relative to their axes.

The constant moving contact of the rollers 6, 13 with the profiled surfaces of the cams 5, 12 is provided by the spring 9. When the compressed air-fuel mixture is ignited, the rollers 6, 13 roll off the tops of the oppositely rotating cams 5, 12 and the piston 2 together with the T-shaped rod 3 rigidly fixed to it move sharply down (see Fig. 2). The rocker arms 7, 14 at the initial moment of movement of the stem 3 downward contact with the tops of the cams 5, 12 and as the stem 3 moves down, they compress the springs 10, 16, providing a smooth, shock-free movement of the stem 3 until the rollers 6.13 come into contact with the cylindrical parts of the profiled cams 5.12. Throughout the entire path of the rod 3 downwards, the rocker arms 7, 14, due to the springs 10, 16, act on the tops of the cams 5, 12 (see Fig. 3), ensuring the rotation of the cam shafts 4, 11 in opposite directions associated with the load shaft 20 by gears 17, 18, 19. Using gear 17, which moves along the splines of the load shaft 20, you can change the rotation of the load shaft 20 by connecting gear 17 to gear 18 or to gear 19. Starter 21 is used to start the engine. On the top cover of cylinder 1 there are: inlet valve 22, exhaust valve 23, and fuel injector 24. Electric actuator 25 with a switching coil 26, which, when voltage is applied to it from the battery, by means of a rod 27, holds a spring-loaded T-shaped rod 3 with a piston 2 at TDC.

Before starting the engine (see Fig. 1), the driver supplies 12 volts to the coils 26 of electric drives 25 of rods 27 of single-cylinder engines that will stand during the start of a multi-cylinder engine. Then it spins the cam shafts 4, 11 in opposite directions using the starter 21. This will fix all the rods 3 with the pistons 2 by means of the rods 27 of the electric drives 25 at TDC, which will be inactive during engine start. During the start of the exhaust process in cylinder 1, exhaust valve 23 will open. This will allow gases from the cavity of cylinder 1 to exit through exhaust valve 23. During the movement of the piston from bottom dead center (BDC) to TDC by means of cams 5 and 12. In the TDC region of the piston stroke the exhaust valve 23 will close and the intake valve 22 will open. This will allow atmospheric air to fill the cavity of the cylinder 1 during the movement of the piston 2 from the top dead center (TDC) to the bottom dead center (BDC) by spring 9. At the bottom dead center (BDC), the intake will close valve 22. This will allow the piston 2 to compress the air using the rotational movements of the cams 5, 12. At the moment of the greatest air compression, fuel is injected into the cavity of the cylinder 1 using the nozzle 24. When the compressed air-fuel mixture is ignited, the rollers 6, 13 of the rod 3 slide off the tops of the oppositely rotating cams 5, 12, and the piston 2, together with the rod 3 rigidly attached to it, moves sharply down. The rocker arms 7, 14 at the initial moment of the downward movement of the rod 3 are in contact with the tops of the cams 5, 12 and, as the rod 3 moves down, they compress the springs 10, 16, ensuring smooth, shock-free movement of the rod 3 until the rollers 6, 13 come into contact with the cylindrical parts of the cams 5 , 12. Throughout the entire path of movement of the rod 3 with rollers 6, 13 and rocker arms 7, 14 down, the rocker arms, due to the springs 10, 16, act on the tops of the cams 5, 12, ensuring the rotation of the cam shafts 4, 11 in opposite directions. At the bottom dead center, the exhaust valve 23 will open. This will allow the gases of the combustion products from the cavity of the cylinder 1 to escape into the atmosphere while the piston 2 moves from the bottom dead center to the top dead center through cams 5 and 12. The exhaust valve 23 will close in the area of the TDC of the piston stroke and inlet valve 22 will open. This will allow atmospheric air to fill the cavity of cylinder 1 during the movement of piston 2 from top dead center to bottom dead center (BDC) by means of spring 9 of stem 3. Inlet valve 22 will close at bottom dead center. This will allow air to be compressed with piston 2 when the T-shaped rod 3 moves under the action of cams 5, 12. After starting a single-cylinder engine, starter 21 must be turned off. If the situation during the movement of the vehicle requires an increase in load, the driver turns off the 12 volt power supply to the coil 26 of the electric drive 25 of the spring-loaded rod 3 of the second single-cylinder engine as part of a multi-cylinder engine and thereby releases the spring-loaded rod 3 of the piston 2 through the rod 27. This will allow reciprocating movements spring-loaded rods 3 with pistons 2 in two engines at once and thereby double the output power of the engine.

Before proceeding to the presentation of technical and economic advantages, I will support the purpose of the invention with convincing examples.

The origin of the creation of heat engines dates back to the end of the 17th century (1680). Quantum theory was proposed at the beginning of the 20th century. This has led to the fact that most of the internal energy in heat engines is not used. This is due to the fact that with increasing temperature, the maximum emissivity shifts towards short waves. The working fluid (combustion products) of the internal combustion engine, having an initial temperature Tz=1700-2000K, emits short waves characteristic of the maximum emissivity. According to quantum theory, mutual transformations at such a high level proceed at a high speed (comparable to the speed of light, i.e. 300,000 km/s). It is currently not possible to perform work at such a speed.

The use of devices to implement a method for improving the efficiency of a reciprocating internal combustion engine will have the following advantages:

a). under the action of high pressure, the piston 2 moves down at high speed, dragging the T-shaped rod 3 with the rocker arms 7, 14. profiled cams 5, 12) (see Fig. 2). At points A, the rod 3 "freezes". This will allow the rocker arms 7, 14, relying on the cams 5, 12, to push them in different directions with the help of the springs 10, 16 (converting the mechanical energy of the springs into the rotational energy of the cams 5, 12) (see Fig. 3). Thus, the rectilinear motion of the piston was converted (accumulated) into the internal energy of the springs 10, 16, which was converted into a rotational force F by means of the rocker arms 7, 14 (performing a protracted working process);

b). “dead” zones will disappear, in which the internal energy (U) of the fuel combustion products is converted into thermal energy: in the cylinder walls, piston, cooling system, and high pressure up to P _z \u003d 210 kgf / cm ² destroyed the parts of the cylinder-piston group;

in). support processes will be carried out more perfectly;

G). the rectilinear movement of the T-shaped piston rod will be converted into the rotational movement of the cams located on opposite sides of the axis of movement of the rod;

e). it became possible to quickly accumulate the internal energy of combustion products into other types of energy (into the mechanical energy of springs, into the rotational energy of flywheels, generators, etc.).

Due to the above advantages, devices for implementing a method for improving the efficiency of a reciprocating internal combustion engine will have a large aggregate power with smaller engine sizes, which can be increased indefinitely, satisfying the growing need for using engines to solve numerous scientific and technical problems, as well as in the defense of the country. .

Claims (1)

A method for increasing the efficiency of a reciprocating internal combustion engine, which includes converting the rotational motion of a profiled cam of the camshaft into a reciprocating motion of a spring-loaded piston rod, as a result of which the processes of filling, compression, combustion, working cycle and exhaust gases of combustion products are performed in the engine cylinder, characterized by such feature that at the beginning of the working cycle, the piston rod roller slides off the top of the profiled cam and the rod with the spring-loaded rocker arm moves down, the rocker during movement contacts the top of the profiled cam and, as the rod moves down, compresses the rocker springs, while continuing the entire path of the rod movement, the rocker arm the spring count acts on the top of the cam, providing rotation of the cam shaft connected to the load shaft, characterized in that at the beginning of the working cycle, the rollers installed at the ends of the T-shaped piston rod roll off the tops of the profiles cams and, together with spring-loaded rockers, move down, during the entire movement of the T-shaped rod, the rocker arms act on the tops of the cams due to the springs, ensuring rotation in opposite directions of the cam shafts connected to the load shaft by means of gears, and in the case of combining single-cylinder engines into a multi-cylinder engine automatic control system ensures the operation of the electric actuators of the springs of the T-shaped piston rods in such a way that single-cylinder engines that are part of a multi-cylinder engine operate either alternately, or in groups, or simultaneously.

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