RU2787735C2 - Set of rail wheels and cart - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: car industry.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to the field of wheels of vehicles, in particular to a set of wheels with the possibility of movement along a rail and floor, as well as to carts equipped with such wheels. The set of wheels contains two rolling wheels installed in a case with a wheel suspension. Wheels contain a surface of rolling along a rail and a surface of rolling along a floor. Rolling surfaces are made with the possibility of rolling, independently of each other, along a rolling surface of a rail or along a floor. Surfaces of rolling along a floor are completely made on a corresponding outer edge of surfaces of rolling along a rail.

EFFECT: labor costs during installation of a rail system are reduced.

11 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to a set of rail wheels for a bogie, which is movable on a rail of a rail system, in accordance with the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to a trolley.

Conventional rail wheels and trolleys equipped with such rail wheels are generally used to transport heavy objects in factory buildings. In the floor of the building of the production hall, a rail system is laid, for example with round rails, on which the rail wheels can roll with low friction.

In order to be able to change the direction of movement of bogies guided on such a rail system, various designs of rail wheels and rail systems are known.

For example, it is known to attach a cross chassis to bogies, which makes it possible to change the direction of travel at an intersection in a rail system by raising or lowering the corresponding chassis, which is very costly due to the two chassis to be attached to each bogie and the intersections in the rail system.

It is also known to perform rotating wheel sets in combination with rotating rail crossings, so-called turning circles, which must be laid in the floor and must be exactly aligned with the position and axis of rotation at least four points with the wheel sets located above them.

This option is also costly and requires a lot of labor in the installation, in particular of the rail system due to the presence of turning circles. In addition, turntables tend to get dirty because they are built into the floor of the production hall.

It is also known to attach rotating wheel sets to a bogie and to lift the bogie off the rails to change direction.

The disadvantage of this option is the change in the height of the trolley to effect a change in direction of movement, which is also very difficult to implement, especially in the case of transporting heavy components on the trolley.

It is also known to install a so-called turntable in the workshop floor as part of a rail system. The trolley moves onto the turntable and rotates along with the turntable while on it. It then leaves the turntable in the other direction of travel.

Another disadvantage of the bogies and rail wheels known from the prior art is that solid rail wheels in the contact zone with the rail, especially in the case of round rails with concave rail rolling surfaces, are under load in the area of ​​the so-called pressure ellipse with both sides from the center of the wheels on the rail. which leads to an increase in the friction of the rolling surfaces along the rail and the rolling surfaces of the rail wheels, especially when cornering.

The object of the present invention is to provide a set of rail wheels for a bogie capable of moving along a rail of a rail system, as well as a bogie that overcomes the above disadvantages.

This problem is solved by means of a set of rail wheels for the bogie, made with the possibility of moving along the rail of the rail system, having the characteristics of paragraph 1 of the formula.

The problem is also solved by means of a trolley with the features of paragraph 11 of the formula.

The set of rail wheels according to the invention has a rolling surface along the rail, the shape of which corresponds to the contour of the rolling surface of the rail, and a supporting body with wheel suspension for connecting the set of rail wheels to the bogie.

The set of rail wheels also has two rolling wheels rotatably mounted on the support body and having a corresponding rolling surface along the rail and a corresponding rolling surface along the floor, and the rolling wheels can roll independently of each other along the rail rolling surface or along the floor.

The design of the rail wheel set with two rolling wheels mounted on a rotatable support housing allows for simple, low friction rolling over curved rail sections, since now the wheel on the inside of the bend can roll slower than the wheel on the outside of the bend, depending on the section. , along which rolling takes place.

The integral formation of the rolling surface on the rail and the rolling surface on the floor allows the use of such a set of rail wheels on a rail system in which there is no rail at the intersection of two rail lines, and the set of rail wheels thus stands on a flat floor surface and can continue to roll on the surfaces rolling on the floor on this flat floor.

This allows the trolley or sets of rail wheels built into the trolley to rotate about a respective vertical central axis without having to lay additional costly rail crossings in the floor of the production hall, such as lifting and/or turntables and the like, or to build suitable lifting mechanisms into the trolley. .

Preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the rolling wheels are arranged on the support body at an angle to each other.

This makes it possible to improve the rolling of the rolling wheels by reducing differential slip.

Preferably, the rolling wheels are arranged on the support body at an angle of 40° to 80° relative to each other, in particular at an angle of 60°.

According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the rolling wheels are arranged parallel to each other.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the rolling surfaces on the rail, when considering the cross-sectional diameter of the corresponding wheel, are in the form of a segment of a circle, which is an optimal shape with respect to a circular rail.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the wrap angle formed by the two rolling surfaces on the rail of the rolling wheels is less than 180°, or exactly 180° when considering the diameter cross-section of the corresponding wheel.

This means that the rolling wheels can be placed on the corresponding rail and can be easily removed again perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the rail.

According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, this wrap angle is greater than 180° such that the set of rail wheels is fixedly attached to the rail after being attached to the rail.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the straight floor rolling surface, when considering the diameter cross-section of the corresponding wheel, is provided at the edge of the rail rolling surfaces.

According to another preferred embodiment of the set of rail wheels, a plate for connection to the bogie is located on the support body.

This plate is preferably rotatably attached to the support body.

A trolley according to the invention for transporting objects on a rail system, comprising a chassis and sets of rail wheels attached to the chassis, is characterized by the presence of the sets of rail wheels described above.

The following describes exemplary embodiments of the invention in more detail using the accompanying drawings, in which:

- Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a set of rail wheels mounted on a rail;

- FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the set of rail wheels and rail shown in FIG. 1;

- figure 3 schematically shows a section of the rail system with a rotating rolling surface;

- figure 4 shows a perspective view of a set of rail wheels, located at the point of intersection of the rail system;

- figures 5 and 6 show different perspective views of the truck with the sets of rail wheels located on it.

In the following description of the figures of the drawings, terms such as above, below, left, right, front, back, etc. refer solely to the exemplary views and positions of the set of rail wheels, rail, bogie, support housing, rolling wheels and other elements shown in the respective figures of the drawings. These terms are not to be understood in a limiting sense, i. these references may change due to different operating positions, mirror-symmetrical design, etc.

In Figures 1-4 and 6, reference number 2 designates in general an embodiment of a set of rail wheels for a bogie 1 that can move along rail 9 of the rail system 12.

As shown in particular in figures 1 and 2, a set of 2 rail wheels has a support housing 6 with two axial fasteners 61 to provide hinged support for the two wheels 4, 5 rolling.

The rolling wheels 4, 5 rotatably mounted on the support body 6 each have a rail rolling surface 41, 51 and a floor rolling surface 42, 52.

The two rolling wheels 4, 5 can roll independently on the rolling surface 91 of the rail 9 or on a flat floor.

The rail rolling surfaces 41, 51 of the rolling wheels 4, 5 have a shape which corresponds to the contour of the rolling surface 91 of the rail 9. In the exemplary embodiment shown in the figures of the drawings, the rail 9 is in the form of a circular rail embedded in the rail support 11, which can be installed on the floor of the production hall, etc.

Accordingly, the rolling surfaces 41, 51 along the rail of the two rolling wheels 4, 5 have the shape of a segment of a circle in cross section along the diameter of the corresponding rolling wheel 4, 5, as shown in figure 2, where a set of 2 rail wheels is shown in such a cross section mounted on rail 9.

In this case, the two rolling wheels 4, 5 are rotatably mounted by means of bearings, preferably roller bearings 10, on the axial fasteners 61 of the support housing 6.

As shown in figures 1 and 2, the wheels 4, 5 rolling are located at an angle to each other on the support housing 6.

Accordingly, the axial fasteners 61 of the support body 6 are not horizontal, but inclined.

The angle of the rolling wheels 4, 5 is preferably between 20° and 40° with respect to the vertical axis of the set of 2 rail wheels. The rolling wheels 4, 5 are arranged at an inclination, in particular at an inclination angle α of 30° relative to the vertical and accordingly at an inclination angle of 60° to each other.

The rolling wheels 4, 5 are fixed by means of the corresponding bolts 63 in the mounting holes of the axial fasteners 61.

It is also possible to align the rolling wheels 4, 5 parallel to each other.

As further shown in FIG. 2, the wrap angle β formed by the angular distance of the outer edges of the rail rolling surfaces 41, 51 is less than or exactly 180°, preferably in the range of 90° to 130°, allowing a set of 2 rail wheels to be placed on the surface. 91 rolling rail 9.

In principle, it is also possible to make the rolling surfaces 41, 51 on the rail so shaped that they encircle the rail 9 with a wrap angle β greater than 180°, which would lead to a secure mounting of the set of rail wheels 2 .

The rolling surfaces 42, 52 on the floor of the corresponding rolling wheel 4, 5 are preferably integrally formed at the edge of the rolling surfaces 41, 51 on the rail.

In the embodiment described here of a set of 2 rail wheels rolling on a circular rail, the floor rolling surfaces 42, 52 are integrally formed on the corresponding outer edge of the rail rolling surfaces 41, 51.

The floor rolling surfaces 42, 52 are straight or slightly convex in cross-section along the diameter of the corresponding rolling wheel 4, 5 as shown in FIG. 2 to provide a sufficient contact surface with a flat floor.

As shown by way of example in FIGS. 5 and 6, in order to fasten the set of rail wheels 2 to the bogie 1, the support body 6 has a plate support holder 62 for receiving a plate 7 which can be attached, in particular screwed, to the chassis 3 of the bogie. 1.

In this case, several holes 73 are made in the plate 7 for the screw connection of the plate 7. These holes 73 are used for the passage of bolts and can be used to screw the plate 7 to the chassis 3, for example, to the mounting plates 32 of the chassis 3.

As shown in FIG. 2, the plate 7 is attached to the support body 6, preferably rotatably, by means of a pivot bearing 8. The plate 7 is preferably supported by roller bearings 10 both about a vertical axis of rotation in the plate support holder 62 and through a horizontally aligned swivel bearing on support housing 6.

In FIG. 3 shows a section of a rail system 12 with rails 9 extending at equal angles to each other and joining at respective intersection points 14 .

In the area where these intersection points 14 are located, there is not a rail, but a flat plate 15.

From this intersection point 14 with the centrally located flat plate 15 both the rails 9 and the rotating track 13 with a flat rolling surface extend.

The rotating path 13 and the distances between the points of intersection 14 are adapted to the dimensions of the positions of the rail wheel sets 2 on the bogie 1.

In the embodiment of the invention shown in figures 3, 5 and 6, the sets of rail wheels 2 are arranged in relation to each other in the form of a square, so that only four such points 14 of intersection are needed for the rotary cross shown in figure 3 as an example.

It is also possible to perform, for example, a rectangular arrangement of sets 2 of rail wheels on the truck 1, for which four or more points 14 of intersection should be provided in the rotary cross shown in figure 3.

In order to turn the cart 1, the rail wheel sets 2 must be pushed off the rail 9 onto the flat plate 15, as shown in FIG. 4 by way of example.

On this flat plate 15, the floor rolling surfaces 42, 52 now rest on the surface of the plates 15 and can be easily rotated around the vertical central axis of the respective set of rail wheels 2 to effect a rotational movement so that the alignment of the set of rail wheels 2 is in the direction of the rotating track 13 or an angled rail 9. During this rotation of the respective sets of rail wheels 2, the rolling wheels 4, 5 rotate in opposite directions.

The cart 1 can then be rotated on the pivot cross 16 so that the rail wheel sets 2 move from the first intersection point 14 to an adjacent second intersection point 14 along the rotating paths 13.

As an alternative to rotating the cart, it can be moved further by moving the wheel sets 2 transversely at the corresponding intersection point 14 on the transverse rail 9.

After reaching the next intersection point 14, the sets of rail wheels 2 are again rotated about their vertical axis until they are oriented parallel to the rail 9, so that the cart 1 can then be moved along an imaginary line of continuation of the parallel rails 9 in a direction different from the original direction.

In addition to the location of the plates 7 on the support body 6 in the center relative to the wheels 4, 5 rolling, shown as a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is also possible to position the axis of rotation of the plate 7 with an offset on the support body 6.

Another advantage of the angled rolling wheels 4, 5 compared to solid rolling wheels placed on a rail is the reduced friction between the rolling wheels and the rail. As a result of the regular occurrence of large forces when using such trucks 1 when transporting heavy objects, during the rolling of wheels with a concave rolling surface along the rail, a pressure ellipse is always formed, which corresponds to the displacement of the rolling radius within the rolling surface along the rail.

Since in a solid rolling wheel the force is applied in the vertical direction (the direction of the weight force), a larger displacement of the rolling radius is generated than in a set of rail wheels with two rolling wheels, in particular with the rolling wheels 4, 5 arranged at an angle to each other, as shown as an example in figure 2, since here the force is applied at an angle to the vertical of the rail 9.

In the case of a pressure ellipse that is formed symmetrically to the point of application of the force, the resulting displacement of the rolling radius relative to the rail wheel with the rolling wheel vertical on the rail is significantly reduced.

Another advantage of the inclined rolling wheels 4, 5 is that, compared to a vertical rolling wheel system, larger rolling diameters are possible with the same height of the set of rail wheels, or with the same rolling diameter of the rolling wheels, a flatter, more compact height is possible, compared to with rolling wheels standing vertically on a round rail.

Position number list

1 Trolley

2 set of rail wheels

3 Chassis

31 - Wheel mounting

4 Rolling wheel

41 - Rolling surface along the rail

42 - Rolling surface on the floor

5 Rolling wheel

51 - Rolling surface along the rail

52 - Rolling surface on the floor

6 Support body

61 - Axial fastener

62 - Insert holder

63 - Bolt

7 Plate

71 - Upper side

72 - Bottom side

73 - Hole

8 Slewing bearing

9 Rail

91 - Rolling surface

10 Roller bearing

11 Rail support

12 Rail system

13 Revolving path

14 Intersection area

15 Plate

16 Swivel cross

α - Angle of inclination

β - Wrap angle

Claims (11)

1. A set (2) of rail wheels for a bogie (1) configured to move along a rail (9) of a rail system (12), containing a rolling surface (41, 51) along the rail, the shape of which corresponds to the contour of the rail rolling surface (91) (9), and a support body (6) having a wheel suspension for connecting a set (2) of rail wheels with a bogie (1), characterized in that the set (2) of rail wheels contains two rolling wheels (4, 5) mounted on supporting body (6) with the possibility of rotation and having a corresponding rolling surface (41, 51) along the rail and a corresponding rolling surface (42, 52) along the floor, which are made with the possibility of rolling independently from each other along the rolling surface (91) of the rail (9 ) or along the floor, wherein the floor rolling surfaces (42, 52) are integrally formed on the corresponding outer edge of the rail rolling surfaces (41, 51). 2. A set (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the rolling wheels (4, 5) are located on the support body (6) with an inclination at an angle to each other. 3. Set (2) according to claim 2, characterized in that the rolling wheels (4, 5) are each inclined relative to each other at an inclination angle (α) of 40 to 80°, in particular at an inclination angle (α) of 60 °. 4. Set (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the rolling wheels (4, 5) are parallel to each other. 5. Set (2) according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that the rolling surfaces (41, 51) along the rail have the shape of a circle segment in cross section along the diameter of the corresponding rolling wheel (4, 5). 6. Set (2) according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, characterized in that the wrap angle (β) formed by the two rolling surfaces (41, 51) along the rail of the rolling wheels (4, 5) is less than 180° or equal to 180° when considering the cross section along the diameter of the respective wheel ( 4, 5) rolling. 7. Set (2) according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, characterized in that the wrap angle (β) formed by the two rolling surfaces (41, 51) along the rail of the rolling wheels (4, 5) is greater than 180° when considering the cross section along the diameter of the corresponding wheel (4, 5) rolling. 8. Set (2) according to any one of paragraphs. 1-7, characterized in that the rolling surfaces (42, 52) on the floor, when considering the cross-section along the diameter of the corresponding rolling wheel (4, 5), are made straight. 9. Set (2) according to any one of paragraphs. 1-8, characterized in that on the support body (6) there is a plate (7) for connection with the trolley (1). 10. Set (2) according to claim 9, characterized in that the plate (7) is rotatably attached to the support body (6). 11. Trolley (1) for transporting objects on a rail system (12), containing a chassis (3) and sets (2) of rail wheels attached to the chassis (3), characterized in that the sets (2) of rail wheels are made according to any of pp.1-10.

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