RU2787494C1 - Double hydraulic ram preventor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: technical solution relates to equipment for servicing oil and gas wells, namely to ram preventers. The hydraulic double ram preventer contains a body made with a central passage channel with a technological cone and mechanisms for fixing technological inserts, two through ram cavities located across the passage of the body, two ram gates with four rams installed oppositely in the ram cavities, equipped with ram drive mechanisms with hydraulic and manual modes for controlling the movement of the dies, made in the form of a hydraulic cylinder with front and rear covers, a piston, a rod, at the end of which a T-shaped shank is made, connected to a T-shaped groove in the body of the die, a lead screw connected to the back cover, where the front and rear covers are connected by pins, equipped with hydraulic channels for supplying fluid to the piston cavity and draining fluid from the piston cavity, hydraulic adapters for connecting hydraulic lines, a switching bracket with a figured groove is installed in the rear cover, designed to block the longitudinal movement of the lead screw, equipped with an indicator of the operating mode of the die drive. The rod is one-piece, made of transitional diameter with a T-shaped shank at the end. The transverse dimension of the T-shank of the rod exceeds the diameter of the sealed opening of the front cover. The rod is made with the possibility of passing through the sealed holes in the front and rear covers. A lead screw with an external thread forms a screw pair with a stem. The lead screw is made with a channel designed to communicate with the external environment of the rod cavity containing an internal thread.

EFFECT: increasing reliability, non-failure operation, reducing the likelihood of breakdowns and the possibility of failure of the preventer.

5 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The field of technology.

The technical solution relates to equipment for maintenance of oil and gas wells, namely to blowout prevention equipment used to seal the mouth of oil and gas wells during their construction, development, overhaul and underground repairs, in order to ensure the safe conduct of work to prevent and eliminate oil and gas water manifestations and open fountains, for the protection of subsoil and the environment.

The level of technology.

Known double ram preventer with hydraulic and manual drive PPSG "guarantor-combi" (Source [1]: patent RU 54083 U1). The preventer contains a two-stage casing with flanges. In the case, a through axial channel is made, cylindrical in shape with a cone-shaped inlet (technological cone), and ram cavities. The body is equipped with a technological cone and a mechanism for fixing technological inserts. The ram cavities are oriented perpendicular to the through axial channel. The preventer contains two ram gates. The rams are oppositely mounted in the ram cavities with the possibility of movement by means of a drive, in the direction towards the axial channel and back, from the extreme open position to the extreme closed position. Each ram is equipped with an independent drive that provides hydraulic and manual control of the ram movement. The drive comprises a front cover, a rear cover, a hydraulic cylinder with a piston, the piston is equipped with a pusher (rod), a lead screw forming a movable screw pair with the pusher located inside the hydraulic cylinder. The pusher contains an axial cavity, which includes the end of the lead screw. The pusher at the end contains a T-shaped cutout for connection with the T-shaped groove of the die body. One end of the hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the front cover, and its other end is closed by a rear cover provided with a branch pipe made with a transverse slot. The pusher and the lead screw act as a piston rod in the hydraulic cylinder, the pusher exits through the hole in the front cover, the lead screw exits through the hole in the back cover. When assembling, the pusher is installed in the opening of the front cover from the side of the hydraulic cylinder, passing the end with a T-shaped cutout into the hole; for this, the transverse dimension of the T-shaped end of the pusher is made less than the diameter of the opening of the front cover. A lead screw moves in the branch pipe, provided with a restrictive annular collar located in the area of the end of the thread of its threaded head, which interacts with the pusher for moving the dies. The free end of the lead screw is provided with a shank for installing a handwheel used when the preventer is operated in the "manual drive" mode. In the transverse slot of the branch pipe, a plate moves, which is fixed after movement, and which is a means of switching the preventer to the “hydraulic drive” operating mode or to the “manual drive” operating mode, blocking or releasing the longitudinal movement of the lead screw relative to the branch pipe. The front covers of the drives are attached to the sides of the preventer body by means of studs, while to tighten the fastening, a spacer sleeve is put on the stud with a fixed end nut. The drive has hydraulic channels in covers and studs, with fittings for supplying working fluid to the piston cavity of the hydraulic cylinder and draining from the piston cavity.

The preventer [1] has the following disadvantages. Low strength and reliability of the connection of the pusher with the die. In this design, it is impossible to make the T-shaped end of the pusher with a transverse dimension exceeding the diameter of the opening of the front cover, since this does not ensure the assembly of the drive. In this case, the transverse size of the T-shaped end of the pusher is not enough to transfer the drive forces to the die when it freezes, without destroying the pusher. Leaky connections of studs with covers require adjustment of the position of the studs and the use of FUM tape when installing studs with hydraulic channels, there is a risk of depressurization of hydraulic connections. The lead screw and the pusher at the point of mating form a closed cavity of variable volume, the presence of lubricant or liquid, which prevents the mutual movement of the pusher and the lead screw, and the movement of the die to the extreme position. The connection of the pusher and the lead screw is movable, and when the piston moves (due to the inevitable deviations in the dimensions of the mating parts and misalignment, due to permissible deviations in the dimensions of the parts during manufacture), transverse movements (oscillations) of the pusher and the lead screw occur in the holes of the cover, which leads to breaking seals and leakage of hydraulic fluid. The means for switching drive modes, in the form of a plate, has a low visibility of the positions of the mode indicator, as a result of which personnel errors in operation are possible due to incorrect determination of the position of the plate during operation. Hydraulic connections are not protected from contamination and mechanical damage, which leads to damage to the connections and depressurization of the hydraulic drive system. All this degrades the performance of the preventer, reduces the reliability of the preventer, increases the likelihood of failure and the risk of incomplete opening/closing of the ram valve.

Known preventer ram hydraulic double technological cone (Source [2]: patent RU 167756 U1). The preventer with hydraulic control contains a body with a vertical cylindrical axial (through) channel with a technological cone bored from above, into which technological inserts are installed, and two horizontal through ram cavities, in which two ram gates equipped with hydraulic drives are placed. The preventer has four hydraulic cylinders for driving the sealing rams. The body is equipped with a mechanism for fixing technological inserts. Inside the upper flange there is a mechanism of sliders, which fixes the inserts with the help of at least two sliders. The die consists of a body with a vertical T-slot and seals. To connect to the rams, the hydraulic actuator has a T-shaped protrusion mating with the T-shaped groove of the ram body. The hydraulic cylinder is attached to the opposite end sides of the body with studs and nuts. Each die drive consists of a front cover, a back cover, a cylinder, a piston with a rod. The piston contains a rod with a T-shaped protrusion at the end, which acts as a plunger pusher. The die pusher (stem) passes through a hole in the front cover. The piston is connected to the second pusher with a T-shaped ledge, the second pusher (piston pusher) passes through the hole in the back cover. The pushers form a double-sided piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder. The second pusher forms a screw pair with a manual drive lead screw installed in the back cover. In the pusher, forming a screw pair with the lead screw, a cavity is made in which the grease is placed. The covers have hydraulic channels passing through the pin with holes when switching to the hydraulic control mode. A plate fixed with a bolt is installed in the rear cover, the plate is moved in the cover so that it takes the opposite position relative to the manual control mode and is fixed with a bolt.

Analog [2] has the following design flaws. The introduction of an additional pusher into the preventer design complicates the design and increases the number of malfunctions. As a result of the mobility of the connections of the pusher-piston-pusher-lead screw design, when the piston moves (due to inevitable deviations in the dimensions of the mating parts, misalignment), transverse movements of the pushers (oscillations) and the lead screw occur in the sealed holes of the covers, which leads to the breaking of seals, increased wear of mating surfaces, leakage of hydraulic fluid. We often have to replace the "extra" pusher, as it wears out intensively. During the repair, when replacing this small part (pusher), the preventer is not operational.

In the preventer [2], the transverse dimensions of the T-shank of the ram pusher are not sufficient to ensure a reliable connection with the ram. At negative temperatures, the ram body can freeze to the preventer body, due to the presence of liquids, condensate, water, etc., when the frozen ram moves in the hydraulic drive, extreme forces occur, including at the junction of the pusher with the ram body. There is a destruction of the T-shaped shank of the ram pusher, as a result of which the ram gate fails, and the preventer does not provide sealing of the well channel. The transverse dimensions of the T-shaped shank of the die pusher, connected to the T-shaped groove of the die body, are determined by the piston design and the condition for the collection of the die hydraulic drive. The piston with the pusher is made in one piece, and they are installed in the opening of the front cover, passing the T-shaped shank from the side of the hydraulic cylinder into the opening of the front cover. The dimensions of the T-shaped shank are limited by the transverse dimensions of the hole in the front cover of the hydraulic drive, since in this design of the hydraulic drive, during assembly, the pusher is installed with a piston, and the transverse dimension of the T-shaped shank of the pusher cannot be made larger than the hole in the front cover. Due to the limitation of the dimensions of the T-shaped shank of the die pusher, the force of the die drive when it is opened is applied in the center of the T-shaped groove of the die body, and is not distributed over the length of the groove. The limitation of the transverse size of the T-shank of the pusher does not allow for high reliability, the strength of the connection between the pusher and the die; under load, the connection is destroyed.

The second ram drive pusher in the preventer [2] is made separately from the piston, they are not one piece. The die drive pusher is connected to the piston by means of a T-shaped connection. During operation, the pusher is not separated from the piston, and they move together. The T-shaped connection of the pusher with the piston is designed to compensate for the inaccuracy of processing the parts of the die drive, and ensures the operability of the die drive when the piston is misaligned with the pusher and the second pusher. The presence of a second T-shaped connection in the drive reduces the reliability of the drive under extreme loads, since this connection is also subject to destruction.

The preventer hydraulic drive [2] has studs with and without hydraulic channels. Studs are involved in fastening the rear cover to the front cover of the hydraulic drive. Studs with hydraulic channels are involved in fastening the rear cover to the front cover of the hydraulic drive, and are part of the hydraulic system, ensure the flow of hydraulic fluid in the manual mode of the die drive. The hydraulic channeled stud must be in the exact position relative to the back cover of the hydraulic drive of the die to ensure tightness. The stud with hydraulic channels is screwed into the front cover of the hydraulic drive on a conical inch thread sealed with FUM tape. A stud without hydraulic channels is screwed into the front cover on a metric cylindrical thread with an emphasis on the thread run. This design does not ensure the exact position of the studs and the tightness of the joints. The studs have a hole for accommodating the cotter pin, which must be in exactly the specified place during assembly. The applied method of fixation does not provide accurate positioning of the studs during installation, since the standard economic tolerances for the length of the thread and the thread runs have values equal to the thread pitch or greater than the thread pitch, and when the thread is tightened, its turns are crushed. In order to ensure the accuracy of the given position of the stud with hydraulic channels, the connection on the tapered inch thread during assembly requires measurements and adjustments to ensure the correct position and tightness of the connection. During disassembly and subsequent assembly using studs with a conical threaded connection, the preload changes due to thread collapse, which complicates the assembly process, requires measurements and adjustments.

In the preventer [2], the second pusher of the manual drive mechanism of the hydraulic drive is connected through a screw pair to the lead (drive) screw, while the pusher is made with a cavity, the volume of which changes in the process of screwing in / unscrewing the lead screw. The closed volume of the cavity between the pusher and the lead screw does not have reliable communication with the external environment. A closed volume with air, liquid (ice), or grease, grease causes resistance to the mutual movement of the pusher and screw. Grease of the pusher-screw connection seals the cavity. There is no connection of the cavity with the external environment, and a mechanism for removing excess lubricants and liquids. With an excess of lubricant, it is impossible to screw the screw into the pusher to the extreme position, so the pusher does not occupy the extreme working position, and the die drive parts associated with it do not move the die to the open position.

In the preventer [2], the visibility of the position of the ram drive operation mode indicator is limited. Insufficient visibility of the die drive operating mode indicator is due to the fact that the operating mode is displayed by the letters "G" and "P", milled in the form of recesses on the plane of the switching bracket. The recesses are filled with light paint. Under operating conditions, the recesses with the letters "G" and "R" quickly become dirty and become indistinguishable. In manual and hydraulic modes of operation of the drive, the surfaces of the switching bracket protrude from the back cover, which are identical to the touch, which does not allow tactile discrimination of the switched on mode of operation of the drive, it is impossible to tactilely determine the positions of the switching bracket and the operating mode of the drive.

In the preventer [2], there is no protection for hydraulic connections. The nipples of hydraulic quick couplings protrude from the front and rear covers of the drive to the side, going beyond the dimensions of the body parts, and at the same time they are not protected from dirt and mechanical damage, which increases the risk of unintentional mechanical damage to the connections and depressurization of the hydraulic system.

Thus, the problem lies in the fact that the known preventers are not perfect and have shortcomings, require improved performance, increased reliability, fault tolerance. In the event of a faulty preventer, the repair / or operation of the well must be stopped, the preventer should be replaced or repaired, therefore this problem is significant for the industry, loss of well integrity is associated with significant economic and environmental losses. Improvement in the design of preventers is required to ensure successful sealing of wells, to prevent oil and gas intrusions and open fountains, to ensure safe work, and to protect the subsoil and the environment.

The essence of the technical solution.

The technical problem to be solved by the technical solution is to improve the performance of the preventer, increase the reliability of the double hydraulic ram preventer with a technological cone.

The proposed technical solution expands the arsenal of technical means for sealing the mouth of oil and gas wells during their construction, development and repair in order to ensure the safe conduct of work to prevent and eliminate oil and gas manifestations and open fountains, to protect the subsoil and the environment.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the double hydraulic ram preventer contains a body made with a central through channel with a technological cone and mechanisms for fixing technological inserts, two through ram cavities located across the body through passage, two ram gates with four rams installed oppositely in the ram cavities equipped with ram drive mechanisms with hydraulic and manual ram movement control modes, made in the form of a hydraulic cylinder with a front and rear cover, a piston, a rod, at the end of which a T-shaped shank is made, connected to a T-shaped groove in the ram housing, a lead screw connected to rear cover, where the front and rear covers are connected by studs, equipped with hydraulic channels for supplying fluid to the piston cavity and draining fluid from the piston cavity, hydraulic adapters for connecting hydraulic lines, a switch is installed in the rear cover locking bracket with a shaped groove designed to block the longitudinal movement of the lead screw, equipped with an indicator of the die drive operating mode. It differs in that the rod is one-piece, made of a transitional diameter with a T-shaped shank at the end, and the transverse size of the T-shaped shank of the rod exceeds the diameter of the sealed hole in the front cover, while the rod is made with the possibility of passing through the sealed holes in the front and rear covers; the lead screw with external thread forms a screw pair with the rod, and the lead screw is made with a channel designed to communicate with the external environment of the rod cavity containing the internal thread.

The technical result is to increase the reliability, reliability, reduce the likelihood of breakdowns and the possibility of failure of the preventer.

The design uses a transition diameter rod, increased the transverse size of the T-shaped shank. The stem at the front has a T-shank with a diameter larger than the seal diameter of the stem (the diameter of the sealed hole in the front cover). This makes it possible to distribute the forces of the drive of the die over a greater length of the groove, which reduces mechanical stress and increases the strength of the connection between the stem and the die, and the load capacity of the connection. The lead screw is made with a channel (axial and radial holes), due to this, reliable communication of the cavity of the variable volume of the rod with the external environment is ensured, which reduces the risk of incomplete opening of the ram valve, reduces the likelihood of breakage of the screw pair, failure of the manual drive mechanism of the ram. The implementation of a channel in the lead screw to communicate the cavity of the variable volume of the rod with the external environment allows you to move the rams to the open position in the presence of excess lubricant, liquid (which can turn into ice if it is not removed) in the cavity of the pusher.

Moreover, it is provided that the studs equipped with hydraulic channels are made with a metric cylindrical thread, installed with the end of the stud resting against the end face of the front cover through a rubber-metal seal, the studs without hydraulic channels are made with metric threads, installed with the stop of the end of the stud against the end face of the front cover.

It is envisaged that the switching bracket contains ends that differ in geometric shape, corresponding to the operating modes, additional holes and grooves for tactile identification of the hydraulic operating mode.

It is envisaged that the hydraulic adapters are closed with protective casings, and the casings are fixed by hydraulic adapters.

It is provided that seals are placed in the bracket holder, which is screwed into the rear cover from the outside.

The above also makes it possible to increase reliability, reliability, reduce the likelihood of breakdowns and the possibility of failure of the preventer, due to the following:

- eliminating the need to adjust the position of the studs (respectively, reducing the likelihood of incorrect adjustment and leakage) and the use of FUM tape when installing studs with hydraulic channels, due to the use of a metric cylindrical thread made with the end of the stud resting against the end of the front cover through a rubber-metal seal, USIT ring. Allows to reduce the risk of depressurization of hydraulic connections;

- eliminating the need to adjust the position of the studs (respectively, reducing the likelihood of incorrect adjustment and increasing the installation accuracy) when installing the studs, due to the metric thread, made with the end of the stud resting against the end of the front cover. Reduces the risk of breakage as a result of inaccurate positioning of the stud;

- providing the possibility of replacing the seals in the back cover, by placing the seals in the bracket holder, which is screwed into the back cover from the outside, reduces the risk of leakage of the cover seals;

- increasing the visibility of the positions of the operating mode indicator, the reliability of determining the operating mode of the die drive is achieved by changing the shape of the switching bracket, and eliminates personnel errors in work associated with incorrect determination of the position of the bracket during operation;

- providing protection of hydraulic connections from contamination and mechanical damage is achieved by installing casings on hydraulic adapters screwed into the parts of the ram drives, which reduces the risk of mechanical damage and depressurization of the hydraulic drive system.

The technical solution is illustrated by graphic materials:

Figure 1 - preventer side view in section (longitudinal section is shown);

Fig.2 - preventer general view in section (shown with a cutout ¼ part);

Fig.3 - drive mechanism in section (section shown in the horizontal plane) (manual mode);

Fig.4 - drive mechanism in section (section shown in the vertical plane) (hydraulic mode);

Fig.5 - preventer side view in section, example 5 (horizontal section along the drive mechanism of the rams);

Fig.6 - General view of the drive mechanism in the mode (manual mode);

Fig.7 - General view of the drive mechanism in the mode (hydraulic mode).

Specification:

1. case;

2. passage channel;

3. technological cone;

4. mechanisms for fixing technological inserts;

5. plate cavities;

6. ram shutter;

7. die;

8. drive mechanism.

9. hydraulic cylinder;

10. front cover;

11. back cover;

12. piston;

13. stem;

14. T-shank;

15. T-shaped groove of the die body;

16. lead screw;

17. channel;

18. cavity;

19. stud with hydraulic channel;

20. hairpin;

21. hydraulic channels;

22. hydraulic adapters;

23. holder;

24. switching bracket;

25. rubber-metal seal;

26. the end of the rectangular bracket;

27. the end of the round bracket;

28. hole for tactile recognition of the operating mode;

29. groove for tactile recognition of the operating mode;

30. protective covers;

31. top flange;

32. slider;

33. bottom flange;

34. cracker;

35. piston nut;

36. retainer;

37. guide ring;

38. castellated nut;

39. valve;

40. valve nuts;

41. nipple for hydraulic quick couplings;

42. Groove;

43. Seal.

Device implementation

Example 1 (Fig.1;3;4;5). Hydraulic double ram preventer with technological cone.

The hydraulic double ram preventer comprises a housing 1 with flanges, made with a central passage channel 2 with a technological cone 3. The upper flange has mechanisms for fixing technological inserts 4. The housing 1 is made with two through ram cavities 5 located across the passage channel 2 of the housing 1. The preventer contains two ram shutters 6 with four rams 7 installed oppositely in the ram cavities 5. The rams 7 are equipped with drive mechanisms 8 with hydraulic and manual modes for controlling the movement of the rams 7.

The drive mechanism 8 is made in the form of a hydraulic cylinder 9 with a front cover 10 and a rear cover 11, a piston 12, a rod 13. diameter. The transverse dimension of the end of the rod 13 with a T-shank 14 exceeds the diameter of the sealed hole of the front cover 10. The rod 13 passes through the sealed holes in the front cover 10 and the back cover 11 and is connected through a screw pair with the lead screw 16. The lead screw 16 is installed in the back cover 11 Lead screw 16 with an external thread forms a screw pair with the stem 13, and the lead screw 13 is made with a channel 17 designed to communicate with the external environment of the cavity 18 of the stem 13 containing the internal thread. The front 10 and rear 11 covers are connected by studs 19 and 20. The studs 19 and covers 10, 11 are made with hydraulic channels 21 for supplying fluid to the piston cavity and draining fluid from the piston cavity. Covers 10 and 11 have hydraulic adapters 22 for connecting hydraulic lines. In the back cover 11, by means of a holder 23, a switching bracket 24 with a shaped groove is installed, designed to block the longitudinal movement of the lead screw 16, equipped with an indicator of the die drive operating mode

Example 2 (Fig.1;3;4;5). Hydraulic double ram preventer.

The hydraulic double ram preventer comprises a housing 1 with flanges, made with a central passage channel 2 with a technological cone 3. The upper flange has mechanisms for fixing technological inserts 4. The housing 1 is made with two through ram cavities 5 located across the passage channel 2 of the housing 1. The preventer contains two ram shutters 6 with four rams 7 installed oppositely in the ram cavities 5. The rams 7 are equipped with drive mechanisms 8 with hydraulic and manual modes for controlling the movement of the rams 7.

The drive mechanism 8 is made in the form of a hydraulic cylinder 9 with a front cover 10 and a rear cover 11, a piston 12, a rod 13. diameter. The transverse dimension of the end of the rod 13 with a T-shank 14 exceeds the diameter of the sealed hole of the front cover 10. The rod 13 passes through the sealed holes in the front cover 10 and the back cover 11 and is connected through a screw pair with the lead screw 16. The lead screw 16 is installed in the back cover 11 Lead screw 16 with an external thread forms a screw pair with the stem 13, and the lead screw 13 is made with a channel 17 designed to communicate with the external environment of the cavity 18 of the stem 13 containing the internal thread. The front 10 and rear 11 covers are connected by studs 19 and 20. In the back cover 11, by means of a holder 23, a switching bracket 24 with a shaped groove is installed, designed to block the longitudinal movement of the lead screw 16, equipped with an indicator of the die drive operating mode. The holder 23 of the bracket 24 is screwed into the rear cover 11 from the outside. Studs 19 and covers 10, 11 are made with hydraulic channels 21 for supplying fluid to the piston cavity and draining fluid from the piston cavity. The studs 19, equipped with hydraulic channels 21, are made with a metric cylindrical thread, installed with the stop of the end of the stud 19 into the end of the front cover 10 through a rubber-metal seal 25. The studs 20 are made with metric threads, installed with the stop of the end of the stud 20 into the end of the front cover 21. covers 10 and 11 are equipped with hydraulic adapters 22 for connecting hydraulic lines.

Example 3 (Fig.1;3;4;5;6;7). Hydraulic double ram preventer with technological cone.

The hydraulic double ram preventer comprises a housing 1 with flanges, made with a central passage channel 2 with a technological cone 3. The upper flange has mechanisms for fixing technological inserts 4. The housing 1 is made with two through ram cavities 5 located across the passage channel 2 of the housing 1. The preventer contains two ram shutters 6 with four rams 7 installed oppositely in the ram cavities 5. The rams 7 are equipped with drive mechanisms 8 with hydraulic and manual modes for controlling the movement of the rams 7.

The drive mechanism 8 is made in the form of a hydraulic cylinder 9 with a front cover 10 and a rear cover 11, a piston 12, a rod 13. diameter. The transverse dimension of the end of the rod 13 with a T-shank 14 exceeds the diameter of the sealed hole of the front cover 10. The rod 13 passes through the sealed holes in the front cover 10 and the back cover 11 and is connected through a screw pair with the lead screw 16. The lead screw 16 is installed in the back cover 11 Lead screw 16 with an external thread forms a screw pair with the stem 13, and the lead screw 13 is made with a channel 17 designed to communicate with the external environment of the cavity 18 of the stem 13 containing the internal thread. The front 10 and rear 11 covers are connected by studs 19 and 20. The studs 19 and covers 10, 11 are made with hydraulic channels 21 for supplying fluid to the piston cavity and draining fluid from the piston cavity. Covers 10 and 11 have hydraulic adapters 22 for connecting hydraulic lines. In the back cover 11, by means of a holder 23, a switching bracket 24 with a shaped groove is installed, designed to block the longitudinal movement of the lead screw 16, equipped with an indicator of the die drive operating mode. The holder 23 of the clip 24 is screwed into the back cover from the outside. In the holder 23 of the bracket 24, seals are placed. Switching bracket 24 has ends differing in geometric shape: a rectangular end 26 with rounded edges and a round end 27, corresponding to manual and hydraulic modes of operation. Switching bracket 24 contains additional holes 28 and slots 29 for tactile recognition of the hydraulic mode of operation.

Example 4 (Fig.1;2;3;4). Hydraulic double ram preventer with technological cone.

The hydraulic double ram preventer comprises a housing 1 with flanges, made with a central passage channel 2 with a technological cone 3. The flanges are equipped with mechanisms for fixing technological inserts 4. The housing 1 is made with two through ram cavities 5 located across the passage channel 2 of the housing 1. The preventer contains two ram shutters 6 with four rams 7 installed oppositely in the ram cavities 5. The rams 7 are equipped with drive mechanisms 8 with hydraulic and manual modes for controlling the movement of the rams 7.

The drive mechanism 8 is made in the form of a hydraulic cylinder 9 with a front cover 10 and a rear cover 11, a piston 12, a rod 13. diameter. The transverse dimension of the end of the rod 13 with a T-shank 14 exceeds the diameter of the sealed hole of the front cover 10. The rod 13 passes through the sealed holes in the front cover 10 and the back cover 11 and is connected through a screw pair with the lead screw 16. The lead screw 16 is installed in the back cover 11 In the back cover 11, by means of a holder 23, a switching bracket 24 with a shaped groove is installed, designed to block the longitudinal movement of the lead screw 16, equipped with an indicator of the operating mode of the die drive 7. The lead screw 16 with an external thread forms a screw pair with the stem 13, and the lead screw 13 made with a channel 17 designed to communicate with the external environment of the cavity 18 of the rod 13 containing an internal thread. The front 10 and rear 11 covers are connected by studs 19 and 20. The studs 19 and covers 10, 11 are made with hydraulic channels 21 for supplying fluid to the piston cavity and draining fluid from the piston cavity. Covers 10 and 11 have hydraulic adapters 22 for connecting hydraulic lines. Hydraulic adapters 22 are covered with protective casings 30, and casings are fixed on covers 10 and 11 by hydraulic adapters 22.

Example 5 (Fig. 1;3;4;5;6;7). Hydraulic double ram preventer with technological cone.

The hydraulic double ram preventer comprises a housing 1 made with a central passage channel 2 with a technological cone 3 and mechanisms for fixing technological inserts 4, two through ram cavities 5 located across the through passage channel 2 of the housing 1, two ram gates 6 with four rams 7 installed oppositely in die cavities 5.

The body 1 of the metal (steel) preventer has the shape of a parallelepiped with a through passage channel 2 necessary for moving pipes and downhole equipment. Coaxial to the channel 2 on the housing there is an upper flange 31, in which the passage channel 2 is made in the form of a technological cone 3 to accommodate the inserts. In the upper flange 31, perpendicular to the passage channel 2, there are mechanisms 4 for fixing technological inserts, which fix the inserts in the body 1 of the preventer with two sliders 32. The slider extends into the passage channel 2 of the body 1 when the screw is rotated by the handle. The bottom flange 33 has oval holes for mounting studs. In the housing 1, upper and lower through parallel ram cavities 5 of rectangular cross section are made perpendicular to the passage channel to accommodate paired rams 7. Two pipe rams 7 are located in the upper ram cavity, designed to seal the outer surface of the pipe with the preventer housing. Dies 7 have the ability to move between the extreme working positions - open and closed. In the closed position, the pipe slips 7 shift the pipe to the center of the passage channel 2, block the channel 2, press against each other, against the pipe and against the body 1, providing sealing with their seals. In the open position, the pipe slips 7 are retracted from the passage channel and do not protrude into it. In the lower ram cavity there are two blind rams 7 designed for hermetic blocking of the through channel 2 of the preventer. Dies 7 have the ability to move between the extreme working positions - open and closed. In the closed position, the blind dies 7 block the passage channel 2, are pressed against each other and against the body, providing sealing with their seals. In the open position, the blind dies are removed from the through hole and do not protrude into it.

The preventer is equipped with drive mechanisms 8 rams 7 with hydraulic and manual modes for controlling the movement of rams 7, with an indicator of the operating mode (manual or hydraulic) of the ram drive 7. Drive 8 of the ram 7 has two modes of operation: manual and hydraulic with manual fixation. Each die 7 has an individual drive mechanism 8.

The die drive 8 consists of a front cover 10, a rear cover 11, a hydraulic cylinder 9, a rod 13, a piston 12, two crackers 34, a piston nut 35, a holder 23, a latch 36, a switching bracket 24, a lead screw 16, a guide ring 37, a stud 19 with 22 hydraulic ports, 20 studs, 38 castle nuts, 39 valves, 40 valve nuts, 22 hydraulic adapters, 41 hydraulic quick coupling nipples, seals and fasteners.

The drive mechanism 8 is made in the form of a hydraulic cylinder 9 with a front 10 and a rear cover 11, a piston 12, a rod 13 at the end of which a T-shaped shank 14 is made connected to a T-shaped groove 15 in the body of the die 7, a lead screw 16. The rod 13 is one-piece made transitional diameter, the transverse size of the end of the rod with a T-shank 14 exceeds the diameter of the sealed hole of the front cover 10, the rod 13 passes through the sealed holes in the front cover 10 and the rear cover 11. The lead screw 16 with external thread forms a screw pair with the stem 13, and the lead the screw 16 is made with a channel 17 intended for communication with the external environment of the cavity 18 of the rod 13 containing an internal thread. The lead screw 16 is connected to the back cover 11. In the back cover 11 there is a switching bracket 24 with a shaped groove designed to block the longitudinal movement of the lead screw 16. The holder 23 of the switching bracket 24 is fixed to the back cover 11 for this. In the holder 23 of the bracket 24, which screwed into the rear cover 11 from the outside, seals are placed. The switching bracket 24 has a shaped groove, the marking of the operating modes - the letters "G" and "P", allows you to determine the operating mode by touch. Switching bracket 24 includes geometrically shaped ends 26 and 27 corresponding to different modes of operation, additional holes 28 and grooves 29 for tactile recognition of the hydraulic mode of operation.

The front 10 and 11 rear covers are connected by pins 19 and 20, the covers 10 and 11 and the pins 19 are equipped with hydraulic channels 21 for supplying fluid to the piston cavity and draining fluid from the piston cavity. The studs 19, equipped with hydraulic channels 21, are made with a metric cylindrical thread, installed with the stop of the end of the stud 19 into the end of the front cover 10 through a rubber-metal seal 25. The studs 20 without hydraulic channels are made with metric threads, installed with the stop of the end of the stud 20 into the end of the front cover 10. Covers 10 and 11 are equipped with hydraulic adapters 22 for connecting hydraulic lines. Hydraulic adapters 22 are closed with protective casings 30, and casings are fixed by hydraulic adapters 22 to covers 10 and 11.

The rod 13 in the front part, where the T-shaped shank 14 is made, is made with a diameter D greater than the sealing diameter d of the rod 13, but less than the height of the body of the die 7. In the middle part of the rod 13, a groove 42 is made for crackers 34. In the rear part of the rod 13 there is a cavity 18 in the form of a blind axial hole with a running thread.

The piston 14 is fixed on the rod 13 with crackers 34 installed in the groove 42 of the stem 13 and in the bore of the piston 14. The piston nut 35 is screwed into the piston 14, the crackers 34 are placed in the bore of the nut. In the threaded groove of the piston 14, an elastomeric ring with an internal protrusion is installed, which fits into the groove of the piston nut 35 with an interference fit, keeping it from unscrewing.

There is a hydraulic channel 21 for the flow of hydraulic fluid between the cavities of the hydraulic cylinder, with manual operation of the drive 8 of the ram 7. The channel consists of holes in the front and rear covers 10 and 11, using valve 39, valve nut 40, studs 19 with hydraulic channels 21, seals . A valve nut 40 is screwed into the opening of the front cover 10 and fixed. A valve 39 with a seal is screwed into it. The valve 39 opens the channel 21 for the fluid to flow. The valve 39 has a hexagon protruding from the front cover 10.

The holder 23 of the bracket 24 is screwed into the back cover and fixed with a plate with bolts. A guide ring and a switching bracket 24 are installed in the holder 23.

The lead screw 16 is screwed into the stem 13, into a blind threaded hole in the stem, forming a cavity 18. The threaded part of the screw 16 has a channel 17 formed by an axial and a radial hole. The middle part of the screw 16 has a groove 42 for the switching bracket 34. The second end of the screw 16 has a square shank to accept a handwheel or extension.

Work description.

The preventer is installed at the mouth of an oil or gas well for its maintenance, in the process of well workover (WO) or during work. The preventer is operated at low temperatures and under the influence of precipitation, pollution, working environment (fluid - oil, gas, gas condensate, formation water, flushing fluid and mixtures thereof). These factors adversely affect the service life and performance of preventers.

The preventer is attached to the wellhead valve flange during development, research, perforating and blasting operations, during repairs, as well as during breaks in these works and in dangerous situations. To seal the well, the passage channel is blocked with 2 ram gates 6. In the absence of a pipe in the well, the lower blind ram gate 6, consisting of two blind rams, is closed. If there are pipes in the well, the upper pipe ram valve 6, which consists of two pipe rams, is closed.

To move the dies 7, in the direction perpendicular to the axial channel 2, on the body 1, drives 8 are used, attached to the opposite end sides of the body with the help of pins.

The ram valves 6 are closed remotely via hydraulic lines or in manual mode, using the drive mechanisms 8, force is applied to the rams 7 to open and close. As a result of the oncoming movement, under the action of forces from the side of the drive 8, the dies 7 block the passage channel 2.

To switch modes (manual - "P", hydraulic "G") use the switching bracket 24, moving it from one position to another.

Switching bracket 24 includes visually and tactile ends 26 and 27 that correspond to manual and hydraulic modes of operation of actuator 8. By observing the rectangular shaped bracket end 26 and feeling it with your hand, the user can be sure that manual mode is engaged. By observing the end 27 of the round brace and feeling it with the hand, the user can be sure that the hydraulic mode is on. At the same time, to control the reliability of evaluating the shape of the end of the bracket, the bracket contains two additional holes 28 to indicate the manual mode and two grooves 29 on the bracket to indicate the hydraulic mode, which together allows tactile identification of operating modes even in complete darkness, in the presence of pollution.

To turn on the manual mode of operation, move the bracket 24 with a groove to the “P” position. Bracket 24 prevents the longitudinal movement of the lead screw 16 and switches the drive 8 in manual control mode from the hydraulic control mode. With the bypass needle valve 39 open, the hydraulic fluid in manual control mode flows through the hydraulic channels 21 in the front 10 and rear 11 covers through the pin 19.

The movement of the piston 12 in manual mode from the extreme closed to the extreme open position of the ram gate 6 is carried out by the lead screw 16 by rotating the handwheel connected to the square shank. The lead screw 16 fixed by the bracket 24 from longitudinal movement through the screw pair moves the rod 13, which in turn moves the die 7. The rod 13 of the transitional diameter with an increased transverse dimension of the T-shank 14 allows you to distribute the forces of the drive 8 of the die 7 over a greater length of the groove 15, which provides a reduction in mechanical stress and increases the strength of the connection of the rod 13 with the die 7, the load capacity of the connection. The lead screw 16 is made with a channel 17 (axial and radial holes), due to this, a reliable communication of the cavity 18 of the variable volume of the rod 13 with the external environment is ensured, which reduces the risk of incomplete opening of the ram valve 5, reduces the likelihood of breakage of the screw pair, failure of the manual drive mechanism of the ram . The execution in the lead screw 16 of the channel 17 to communicate the cavity of variable volume 18 of the rod 13 with the external environment allows you to move the dies 7 to the open position in the presence of excessive lubricant, liquid (which can turn into ice if it is not removed) in the cavity 18 of the rod.

When switching to the hydraulic control mode, the bracket 24 is moved in the holder 23 so that it takes the opposite position "G" relative to the manual control mode and is fixed with a latch 36, the bypass needle valve 39 is closed, which allows you to move the piston 12 with the rod 13 using hydraulic liquid from the extreme closed to the extreme open position of the ram valves 6. In this case, the bracket 24 does not prevent the free longitudinal movement of the lead screw 16.

When hydraulic fluid is supplied to the piston cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 9, the piston 12, under the action of fluid pressure, moves along the longitudinal axis of the hydraulic cylinder 9 together with the rod 13, which is hermetically fixed to the piston 12. The rod 13, connected by a T-shank 14 to the ram 7, transmits forces and moves the ram 7 to the opening or closing position of the ram valve 6, depending on which piston cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 9 the liquid is injected. Hydraulic fluid is supplied and discharged through the nipples of hydraulic quick couplings 41, hydraulic adapters 22. Hydraulic channels 21 and the channel in the stud 19 are involved in operation only in manual mode, with the valve 39 open, for the flow of hydraulic fluid between the cavities.

The pin 20 is involved in fastening the back cover 11 to the front cover 10 of the drive 8. The pin 19 with hydraulic channels is involved in the fastening of the back cover 11 to the front cover 12, and is part of the hydraulic system, ensures the flow of hydraulic fluid in the manual mode of the drive 8 of the die 7. The pin 19 with hydraulic channels, to ensure tightness, must occupy an exact position relative to the back cover 11. This design ensures the exact position of the studs and the tightness of the connections. During assembly, disassembly does not require adjustment of the position of the studs (respectively, the probability of incorrect adjustment and leakage is reduced) and the use of FUM tape.

Hydraulic adapters 22 are covered with protective covers 30, which prevents contamination of the connections, unintentional mechanical damage to the connections 41 of the fasteners and hydraulic adapters 22.

The tightness of the connections is ensured by using a stud 19 with hydraulic channels 21, made with a metric cylindrical thread, installed with the end of the stud 19 resting against the end of the front cover 10 through a rubber-metal seal - USIT ring. Positioning accuracy is ensured through the use of a stud 20 without hydraulic channels, made with metric threads, installed with the stop of the end of the stud 20 against the end of the front cover 10.

The tightness of the connections is ensured by allowing the replacement of seals in the back cover 11, by placing the seals 43 in the holder 23, which is screwed into the back cover from the outside, reduces the risk of leakage of the cover seals.

Thus, the technical solution provides:

1. Increasing the failure-free operation and reliability of the preventer, reducing the likelihood of breakdowns, which, in particular, is achieved by increasing the diameter of the T-shaped stem shank.

2. The exclusion of adjustment and use of the FUM tape when installing the stud is achieved by using a metric cylindrical thread, and resting the end of the stud against the end of the front cover through a rubber-metal seal - the USIT ring.

3. Exclusion of adjustment when installing the stud due to the emphasis on the end of the front cover.

4. Reliable communication between the cavity of variable volume and the external environment is achieved by making axial and radial holes in the lead screw.

5. Facilitate the replacement of seals in the back cover by placing the seals in the bracket holder, which is screwed into the back cover from the outside.

6. Full retraction of the die to the extreme open position due to the execution of two holes in the lead screw of the drive to communicate the cavity of variable volume with the external environment.

7. Increasing the visibility of the operating mode indicator, increasing the reliability of determining the operating mode of the die drive, is achieved by changing the shape of the switching bracket.

8. Protection of hydraulic connections from contamination and damage is achieved by installing casings on hydraulic adapters screwed into the parts of the ram drives.

The claimed technical solution is implemented using materials produced by the industry, and can be used for its intended purpose.

Claims (5)

1. Double hydraulic ram preventer, containing a body made with a central passage channel with a technological cone and mechanisms for fixing technological inserts, two through ram cavities located across the body passage channel, two ram gates with four rams, oppositely installed in the ram cavities, equipped with mechanisms ram drive with hydraulic and manual control modes for ram movement, made in the form of a hydraulic cylinder with front and rear covers, a piston, a rod, at the end of which a T-shaped shank is made, connected to a T-shaped groove in the ram housing, a lead screw connected to the rear cover, where the front and rear covers are connected by studs, equipped with hydraulic channels for supplying fluid to the piston cavity and draining fluid from the piston cavity, hydraulic adapters for connecting hydraulic lines, a switching bracket with a figured shape groove is installed in the rear cover designed to block the longitudinal movement of the lead screw, equipped with an indicator of the operating mode of the die drive, characterized in that the rod is one-piece, made of transitional diameter with a T-shank at the end, and the transverse dimension of the T-shaped shank of the rod exceeds the diameter of the sealed hole of the front cover , while the rod is made with the possibility of passing through the sealed holes in the front and rear covers; the lead screw with external thread forms a screw pair with the rod, and the lead screw is made with a channel designed to communicate with the external environment of the rod cavity containing the internal thread. 2. The preventer according to claim 1, characterized in that the studs equipped with hydraulic channels are made with a metric cylindrical thread, installed with the end of the stud against the end of the front cover through a rubber-metal seal, the studs without hydraulic channels are made with a metric thread, installed with an end stop studs in the end of the front cover. 3. The preventer according to claim. 1, characterized in that the switching bracket contains ends that differ in geometric shape, corresponding to the modes of operation, additional holes and grooves for tactile identification of the hydraulic mode of operation. 4. The preventer according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic adapters are closed with protective casings, and the casings are fixed by hydraulic adapters. 5. The preventer according to claim 1, characterized in that the stem seals are placed in the bracket holder, which is screwed into the rear cover from the outside.

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