RU2785981C1 - Diver training simulator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: training equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to training equipment and can be used for the preparation and subsequent training of divers. The effect is achieved by introducing an artificial respiration device, a device for simulating the pressure of the external environment, an audio communication device, an automated workplace for an operator (instructor) with appropriate connections.

EFFECT: increasing the safety of training divers in the preparation (training) of divers to perform diving operations of various types in various conditions (diving search, diving inspection, sling and lifting of flooded cargo, shacks of ship-lifting pontoons and guinea hooks, ship diving operations), ensuring year-round training of divers, regardless of meteorological conditions, reducing the cost of training divers.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to training equipment and can be used for the preparation and subsequent training of divers.

Known stand-simulator diver [1] designed for initial education and training of divers, as well as for the selection of candidates for divers in the process of medical commissions. The diver simulator consists of a breathing circuit and a control and monitoring panel. The respiratory circuit includes a valve box with a half-mask (or mouthpiece), an inhalation tube with a built-in lung ventilation and respiratory rate sensor, a respiratory circuit resistance sensor for inhalation, a regulator-setter (throttle valve) with a remote electric drive, a breathing bag with a herbal safety valve, regenerative (absorption ) a cartridge, an exhalation tube with an exhalation resistance sensor, a regulator-setter (throttle valve) with a remote electric drive. The breathing circuit also includes a cylinder with a supply of diving air, an air reducer, a nozzle block for constant air supply and a lung machine. Elements of the breathing circuit are located in the housing. The control and monitoring console consists of a housing on the front panel of which there is a throttle position indicator in the exhalation tube, devices showing the value of expiratory resistance, pulmonary ventilation, respiratory rate, inhalation resistance value, inhalation throttle position indicator, controls and regulators-setters, indicators of the air pressure in the cylinder and behind the reducer, a voltmeter and a toggle switch for turning on the power supply. The console is connected by a cable to the power supply, and by tubes to the pipeline for supplying air from the cylinder to the breathing circuit. The sensors and solenoid valves of the breathing circuit are connected to the console by cables.

The disadvantage of the diver simulator is the lack of the possibility of simulating diving operations in conditions of limited visibility, as well as the lack of the possibility of simulating a failure of diving equipment, means for practicing diver actions when simulating a failure of diving equipment.

A well-known simulator for training divers to act in emergency situations [2] consisting of a collapsible pool with an additional tank located under the bottom module with hermetically sealed valves equipped with pneumatic locks for their emergency opening, drain and fill pipes for supplying and draining water, radiators water cooling and heating, a full-wall multimedia screen installed on the outside of the front wall of the pool, training stands and their fasteners located along the perimeter of the pool, overhead cranes with a lifting mechanism, a working platform with a railing and a removable ladder, a lifting boom for lowering the diver's equipment and equipment into the pool, a medical post and a pressure chamber connected to the diving console, an operator's workplace, including a computer connected to a multimedia screen, video surveillance cameras, night vision devices and lighting devices installed in different areas of the pool, a monitor, a diving communication station, a diving console, a water pump control panel, a control panel for water cooling and heating radiators, sensors for recording a person’s physical condition located on a diving suit and equipment of a diver and connected to a computer at the operator’s workplace, monitors for monitoring actions diver.

The disadvantage of the simulator for preparing divers for actions in emergency situations is the limited ability (only at the natural depth of the collapsible pool) to simulate the external pressure of the environment on the diver when performing work in emergency situations, as well as the lack of the ability to simulate audio communication.

Known simulator for the training of divers [3] consisting of two high-pressure cut-off chambers, each of which has a residential and sanitary compartments, a diving bell and a hydrochamber located under the bell, lock devices with covers designed to transfer divers from the chambers to the bell and back. On the lower part, the bell has an outlet shaft with covers connecting it to the hydrochamber.

The disadvantage of the simulator for training divers is its unsuitability for initial training and initial training of divers, the lack of the possibility of simulating diving operations in various conditions, including the conditions of working out the technology of working underwater in non-standard and extreme conditions, the lack of a medical post for working out work in extreme conditions.

A well-known simulator for training divers [4] consisting of a pool, communicating with him the camera, made with a height of not more than 1.2 meters, which made the observation window, stand for practicing diving skills and ascent in cramped conditions with overcoming obstacles; a stand for practicing skills of moving in a horizontal position in cramped conditions with overcoming an obstacle; stand for working out the skills of sealing a hole; stand for practicing skills in underwater cutting and destruction of structures, stand for developing skills in assembling and disassembling pipelines, stand for practicing skills in plumbing work.

The disadvantage of the simulator for the training of divers is the lack of the possibility of simulating diving operations in various conditions, including those with a high degree of risk.

Diving work in various conditions, including conditions of increased risk, includes work on the current (meaning the flow of water - a professional term), in conditions of limited visibility and low temperatures, in an uncomfortable spatial position and in cramped conditions, as well as negative visual and auditory impact.

Known Simulator for preparing divers to work with rescue tools [5] consisting of training stands, collapsible pool with lighting, made of at least one front end module, at least one rear end module, at least four side and at least one bottom module and equipped with at least one video camera and a removable working platform with two removable ladders and railings, while in the extreme vertical posts and in the lower horizontal beam of the side and end modules, as well as in the beams located along the perimeter of the bottom module , holes are made in which fasteners are installed, in addition, observation windows are made in the side and front end modules, and the training stands are fixed on the bottom module in the area of their visibility from the observation windows, the operator's workplace including a two-post mobile-stationary diving communication station, diving console, monitor, high pressure bottle.

The disadvantage of the simulator for preparing divers to work with rescue tools is the limited functionality of the simulator, which is expressed in the inability to simulate diving operations in various conditions, including those with a high degree of risk, the lack of devices and devices to ensure the safety of a working diver when simulating a failure. diving equipment and equipment and practicing actions in emergency situations, the lack of a medical post necessary for the safe conduct of training descents and practicing first aid skills for an emergency diver.

Known training complex for divers [6] consisting of a pool equipped with ladders, targets for underwater shooting and stand layouts, the complex is also equipped with a workplace for the instructor, a video surveillance and control system, characterized in that it is collapsible and made of modules of the same type installed on top of each other and forming functional compartments, the upper of which is a control compartment and is equipped with a workplace for an instructor, lifting equipment, a video monitoring system, and a ladder for descending into the pool, which is a combination of at least two lower modules , forming a single bowl of the pool, stand-models for underwater technical work, observation windows are installed in the pool. Also, the upper module can be equipped with a model of the ship's freeboard, and the existing model of the torpedo tube and/or the propeller-steering group of the ship can be used as stand models.

The disadvantage of the training complex for divers is its limited ability (only at the natural depth of the pool) to simulate the external pressure of the environment on the diver during work, the lack of the ability to simulate audio communication, the lack of a medical post necessary for the safe conduct of training descents and practicing first aid skills. assistance to an emergency diver.

Also known complex is a special training divers "simulator VV", a special training divers "simulator KST" of the company JSC "KAMPO" with the above disadvantages, for example, the inability to simulate the external pressure of the environment on the diver when performing work.

Closest to the proposed device, that is, the prototype, is [7] a device that implements a way to immerse the user in virtual reality. The device for immersing the user in virtual reality contains an interconnected shell with an access hatch (1), having an inner surface and being a sphere, that is, a closed convex surface with holes, a means for forming a virtual space (2) containing virtual objects, a means for displaying the generated virtual space to the user (3) and associated with the means for generating the virtual space (2), a block for changing the virtual space in accordance with the physical movements of the user, taking into account the interaction of the user with objects in the virtual space (4), means for determining the value and the direction of the user's movement relative to the center of the shell (5), and the means for determining is associated with a block for changing the virtual space in accordance with the physical movements of the user, taking into account the interaction of the user with objects in the virtual space space (4), a means for rotating the shell, connected to the support means (6) sensors that determine the position of the arms, legs, head of the user (7), the user (8), it can also be a manipulator (9), usually located in the user's hand .one.

In FIG. 3 shows the appearance of the device for immersing the user in virtual reality.

The means for rotating the shell connected to the support means (6) is designed to reduce the deviation of the user's center of gravity from the vertical axis passing through the center of the shell (at least three ball bearings). The shell (1) is made of a transparent material with the possibility of rotation, in which the shell rotates, when the center of gravity of the user inside it is shifted relative to the vertical axis passing through the center of the shell, the shell rotates in the direction opposite to the direction of the user's movement.

The disadvantage of the prototype is that it is not suitable for training divers. The training of divers should cover both the initial training of a diver and the performance of diving operations in various conditions, including those with an increased degree of risk, the development of work technology in non-standard and extreme conditions, the training of divers to work with rescue tools, and the performance of welding operations. , special training, for example, underwater shooting.

The invention is based on the task of improving the safety of training divers in the preparation (training) of divers to perform diving operations of various types in various conditions (diving search, diving survey, stropping and lifting of flooded cargo, stropping of ship-lifting pontoons and guinea hooks, ship diving operations), providing year-round training of divers regardless of meteorological conditions, reducing the cost of training divers.

The task is achieved by introducing an artificial respiration device (10), a device for simulating the pressure of the external environment (11), an audio communication device (12), an automated workplace of the operator (instructor) (13), a medical post (14) into the circuit of the prototype.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows a structural diagram of a simulator for training divers.

The proposed training simulator for divers consists of a shell with an access hatch (1) having an inner surface and being a sphere, that is, a closed convex surface with holes, a means for forming a virtual space (2) containing virtual objects, a means for displaying the generated virtual space to the user (3) and associated with the virtual space generation means (2), a unit for changing the virtual space in accordance with the user's physical movements, taking into account the user's interaction with objects in the virtual space (4), a means for determining the magnitude and direction of the user's movement relative to center of the shell (5), wherein the means for determining is connected to the block for changing the virtual space in accordance with the physical movements of the user, taking into account the interaction of the user with objects in the virtual space (4), the means for rotating I of the shell connected to the support means (6), sensors that determine the position of the arms, legs, head of the user (7), the user (8), there may also be a manipulator (9), usually located in the user's hand, artificial respiration devices (10) , devices for simulating the pressure of the external environment (11), audio communication devices (12), an automated workplace for the operator (instructor) (13).

The proposed simulator for training divers works as follows: A shell with an access hatch (1) forms a closed space in the form of a sphere that limits the physical space. The shell with an access hatch (1) is placed on the shell rotation means connected to the support means (6), thus making it possible to rotate the shell with an access hatch (1) around its center in three directions of freedom of movement. The user (9) is placed through the hatch into the shell with the access hatch (1). A virtual space in which objects such as structures, terrain, ship hulls, swimmers, divers, etc. appear and move in a predetermined or random form, are formed using a means for forming a virtual space (2).

The generated virtual space, in which the user (8) sees a three-dimensional image of the virtual world, is displayed to the user (8) in the means for displaying the generated virtual space to the user (3), while the means for displaying the generated virtual space to the user (3) is located on the user's head ( eight). The user (8), taking real steps in the shell with an access hatch (1), approaches or moves away from objects in virtual space, making movements of arms, legs and head in real space, changes the positions of objects in virtual space, thereby determining the magnitude and direction of the user's movement relative to the center of the shell (5) measures the position of the user (8) in the real space of the shell with an access hatch (1), and the block for changing the virtual space in accordance with the physical movements of the user, taking into account the interaction of the user with objects in virtual space (4), the position of the user (8) and objects in the virtual space changes. Continuous transformation of virtual space, terrain, objects is performed in accordance with the program set at the automated workplace of the operator (instructor) (13). Data for determining the magnitude and direction of the user's movement (8) relative to the shell with an access hatch (1), according to which the means for determining the magnitude and direction of the user's movement relative to the center of the shell (5) determines the movement of the user (8) are transmitted from the sensors determining the position of the arms, legs, head of the user (7) and the manipulator (9).

The manipulator (9) is used to simulate in virtual space and track its movement of the diver's equipment, which ensures the performance of underwater work - for example, a tool from the IYA-365 or Gks-Zm tool kit, an underwater television installation, for example, APT-2p, diving scissors of the VNRT type , a pistol or an assault rifle for destroying underwater targets, a tug for reconnaissance divers.

Permissible diving depths, in accordance with the requirements of diving professions, are mainly from 20 m to 60 m, only specialists "deep-water diver" can dive up to 300 m [8].

Therefore, the simulator should provide training up to a practical depth of 60 m.

When a diver dives, the water exerts pressure on him, calculated by the formula

Р = ρ × g × h

where P is the pressure at depth h, ρ is the density of the liquid, h is the depth of immersion, g is the acceleration of free fall.

Devices for simulating the pressure of the external environment (11) externally simulate the pressure of water of a given depth.

If the simulated pressure differs from the set (calculated) pressure by more than 0.02 MPa (20000 Pa), the ambient pressure simulator (11) corrects it to the calculated set (calculated).

The practical implementation of the device for simulating the pressure of the external environment (11) can be carried out based on the ideology of a high-altitude compensating suit. The high-altitude compensating suit is a jumpsuit with gloves and socks, which is tightly adjusted to the figure of a person with lacing, put on and taken off with the help of zippers and is made of low-stretch fabric. Uniform pressure on the entire surface of the human body is ensured by supplying air under pressure to the tension devices - pneumatic tubes running along the sides of the sleeves, legs and along the back of the high-altitude compensating suit and into the breathing-compensating chamber (the so-called abdominal compensator, located under the overalls shell in the chest area). and abdomen and connected to the respiratory system). Pneumotubes increase in diameter when pressure is applied to them, tighten the ribbons, which tighten the overalls shell and create mechanical pressure on the human body.

For the purposes of its use as an environmental pressure simulation device (11), the suit must provide pressure simulation up to 3031.29 kPa (sea water pressure at a depth of 300 m), have a device for applying pressure, a valve for regulating pressure and for simulating ambient temperature, be able to use a working substance with sufficient heat transfer efficiency.

The calculated value of the pressure to be simulated is set by the automated workplace of the operator (instructor) (13). The pressure in the device for simulating the pressure of the external environment (11) can also be changed by the artificial respiration device (10).

The water temperature at depth depends on the type of reservoir (river, lake, sea, ocean), its geographical location, thermal regime, season, etc. In FIG. Figure 4 shows the dependence of the water temperature at depth for the ocean. If necessary, to simulate the ambient temperature, the temperature value is set by the automated workplace of the operator (instructor) (13).

The automated workplace of the operator (instructor) (13) is based on a personal computer and makes calculations to simulate the underwater environment, payload, training scenario and other elements, parameters and conditions necessary for training in virtual reality. The artificial respiration device (10) ensures the breath of the trainee (trained person) with a mixture of gases containing oxygen. The audio communication device (12) provides tonal (voice) communication of the trainee (trainee), while simulating the attenuation (in relation to normal) sound intensity up to 60 dB.

The user (a trained diver), who has the ability to move freely along the inner surface of the shell, is placed in the shell. Due to the influence of the moment of force created when the user's center of gravity is displaced relative to the vertical passing through the center of the shell, the shell rotates in the direction opposite to the direction of the user's movement. The generated virtual space in which objects appear and move is displayed to the user, and its continuous transformation is carried out in accordance with the actual physical movements of the user's hand, foot and head in real space, taking into account the interaction with objects in the virtual space. The pressure of the external environment is simulated by compressing the user's body.

Training (training) of divers on the proposed simulator for training divers will increase the safety of training divers during their training (training) to perform diving operations of various types in various conditions (diving search, diving survey, sharpening and lifting of flooded cargo, sharpening of ship-lifting pontoons and guinea hooks , ship diving operations), will ensure year-round training of divers, regardless of meteorological conditions.

Sources of information:

1. Patent No. 2094300 “Diver simulator”, publication date 10/27/1997.

2. Utility model No. 127713 "Simulator for preparing divers for actions in emergency situations", publication date 10.05.2013 Bull. No. 13.

3. Author's certificate No. 617322 "Diver training simulator", publication date 07/30/1978 Bull. No. 28.

4. Useful model No. 110063 "Simulator for training divers", publication date 10.11.2011 Bull. No. 31.

5. Useful model No. 98735 "Simulator for preparing divers to work with rescue tools", publication date 27.10.2010 Bull. No. 30.

6. Utility model No. 66505 "Educational and training complex for divers", publication date 10.09.2007 Bull. No. 25.

7. Patent No. US5846134A "Method and apparatus for immersion of a user into virtual reality", publication date 12/8/1998.

8. Guidelines for conducting preliminary and periodic medical examinations (examinations) of divers and other workers working under high pressure conditions. Approved by the Deputy Head of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Chairman of the Central Diving Medical Commission at the Federal Medical Biological Agency V.A. Rogozhnikov March 14, 2011

Claims (1)

The training simulator for divers consists of an interconnected shell with an access hatch having an inner spherical surface, which is a closed convex surface with holes, means for forming a virtual space containing virtual objects, means for displaying the generated virtual space to the user, means for forming a virtual space, block for changing the virtual space in accordance with the physical movements of the user, with the ability to interact with the user with objects in the virtual space, means for determining the magnitude and direction of the user's movement relative to the center of the shell, means for rotating the shell connected to the support means, the user, sensors that determine the position of the arms, legs, head of the user, the manipulator located in the user's hand, characterized in that the simulator for training divers includes a device for simulating pressure environment, which is a height-compensating suit with gloves and socks, adjusted to the user's shape, on the sides of the sleeves, legs and back containing pneumatic tubes through which air is supplied under pressure, while a respiratory - compensating chamber, which is connected to the breathing system, and the calculated pressure value is set using the workstation of the instructor operator, based on a personal computer, which is configured to perform calculations to simulate the underwater environment, payload, training scenario and parameters necessary for training in virtual reality, also the training simulator includes an artificial respiration device and an audio communication device.

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