RU2785856C1 - Heat loss recovery device for buildings and structures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction industry.

SUBSTANCE: device relates to heat loss recovery and can be used as an energy-saving air conditioning and heating system for a detached or a group of closely located buildings and structures in the presence of year-round heat surpluses in one of them. Outdoor units of the building’s air conditioning system operating in the cooling mode of the interior of the building with year-round heat surpluses, and outdoor units of air conditioning systems operating in the heating and/or cooling mode of the interior of this or neighboring buildings during the transitional and heating periods of the year, are placed outside the building in one common container with air inlet and outlet louvred grids with servos or placed in separate containers, which are connected by insulated ducts.

EFFECT: recovery of heat emitted by the outdoor units of air conditioning systems in the cooling mode of rooms with heat surpluses, thereby reducing the environmental burden on the ambience and reducing energy consumption for heating the building.

5 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The claimed device relates to the construction of energy-efficient buildings with heat loss recovery, and can be used for the construction of new and reconstructed buildings.

In a particular case, the claimed device relates to air conditioning systems with heat recovery and can be used as an energy-saving air conditioning and heating system for a separate or a group of closely spaced buildings and structures in the presence of year-round heat surpluses in one of them.

The priority areas of application of the proposed device are energy-intensive public, industrial and administrative buildings and structures with premises with year-round heat surpluses, for example, buildings of banks, central control centers, data centers, IT buildings and institutions, multifunctional buildings containing server rooms or other large consumers of electrical energy .

VRF and VRV multi-zone air conditioning systems with recuperation are widely known, allowing the use of excess heat in one refrigerated room for heating another room, see, for example, the book by S.V Bruch “VRF air conditioning systems. Features of design, installation and service.", 2017, https://rusneb.ru/catalog/000199_000009_009470155/

The disadvantages of these air conditioning systems are:

- narrow operating range of outdoor temperatures, limited by outdoor temperature minus 20°C,

- a sharp decrease in energy efficiency with a decrease in outdoor temperature.

VRF and VRV multi-zone air conditioning systems allow distances between outdoor and indoor units up to 150 meters with height differences between them up to 50 m.

A device for air conditioning is known from the prior art, patent RU 2415349 C1, according to which a remote air-cooled condensing unit with a fan (outdoor unit) is placed in a container with inlet and outlet windows for air, which are made with an adjustable flow area and are equipped with louvres with servo drives, moreover, the inlet window is located in the lower part of the front wall of the container, and the outlet window is located in the upper part of the front wall of the container.

This device expands the operating temperature range of the outdoor air of VRF and VRV multi-zone air conditioning systems in cooling mode to minus 50°C and is commercially produced by the domestic industry under the brand name "VSM-1 complex".

This invention, in terms of the totality of features, is a prototype of the claimed device for thermal insulation of buildings and structures.

The disadvantage of this device is the release into the environment of the heat removed from the premises of the building.

From the prior art, a thermal insulation device for buildings and structures is also known (application for invention dated February 18, 2021, reg. No. 2021104091), known in the public press as “active thermal protection of buildings” (see the article “Active thermal protection of passive buildings - a promising solution for the development northern regions of Russia”, V.P. Kharitonov, ABOK, Energy Saving, No. 6, 2021, pp. 18-22.).

This device recuperates heat losses through the fences and allows you to return the heat that has left the building to the building by using a heat pump, the compressor and condenser unit of which is located inside the building in a special engine room.

The disadvantage of this device is the need for a special machine room that combines elements of various HVAC engineering systems of the building, which increases the cost of its construction.

The technical task of the proposed device is to eliminate these shortcomings.

The technical result of the proposed device is the recovery of building heat losses through fences and the recovery of heat emitted by outdoor units of air conditioning systems in the mode of cooling rooms with heat surpluses, and the use of this heat for heating other rooms, resulting in a reduction in the environmental load on the environment and a reduction in energy costs for heating building.

The solution of the stated technical problem and the achievement of the desired result are ensured by the fact that in the claimed device for heat loss recovery of buildings and structures containing rooms with year-round excess heat, cooled by air conditioning systems, the outdoor units of which are located outside the building in containers with inlet and outlet air louvres with servo drives , the outdoor unit of the building's air conditioning system, operating in the mode of cooling the interior of the building with year-round heat surpluses, and the outdoor unit or units of the air conditioning systems, operating in the heating and / or cooling mode of the interior of this or neighboring buildings during the transitional and heating periods of the year, are located outside buildings in one common container with air inlet and outlet louvres with servo drives, or placed in separate containers, which are connected by heat-insulated air ducts. Moreover, a folding partition with a manual or automatic servo drive is installed between the blocks inside the common container, and in the presence of an active thermal protection system of the building for the recovery of heat losses through its fences, the compressor-condensing unit of the active thermal protection system is located in the common container. At the same time, a common container with outdoor units serving neighboring buildings is placed between these buildings.

The technical result of the proposed device consists in the recovery of heat removed from the building during the heating season by air conditioning systems and active thermal protection and in the use of this heat for heating neighboring rooms and neighboring buildings.

The reason for the expediency of using the proposed device is the need to reduce the consumption of energy resources for heating buildings and structures while reducing the environmental burden on the environment in the form of thermal energy emissions in accordance with the State Policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic for the period up to 2035.

The advantages of the proposed device are:

- reduction of heat losses of buildings and structures,

- reducing the cost of energy resources for heating buildings and structures,

- reduction of ecological load on the environment.

The essence of the invention is illustrated in the figure.

The figure shows a diagram of the proposed device.

The figure shows: 1 - indoor unit in heating mode, 2 - heated room, 3 - neighboring building, 4 - indoor unit in cooling mode, 5 - room with year-round heat excess (server room), 6 - indoor unit in heating mode, 7 - heated room (office), 8 - main energy-intensive building (heat donor), 9 - outdoor unit in heating mode, 10 - folding partition (accordion), 11 - outdoor unit in cooling mode, 12 - compressor and condenser unit of the active thermal protection system of the building , 13 - outdoor unit in heating mode, 14 - refrigerant pipe, 15 - sheet-pipe evaporator of the active thermal protection system of the building, 16 - VSM-1 complex without a side wall, 17 - VSM-1 complex without two side walls, 18 - VSM-1 complex without two side walls, 19 - VSM-1 complex without one side wall, 20 - louvered grilles with servo drives (all VSM-1 complexes are docked in a line into a common container).

The device works as follows.

During the heating season (cold period of the year) and during transitional periods (spring, autumn), the air conditioning system 4, 11 and the active thermal protection system 15, 12 operate in cooling mode, supplying heat removed from room 5, respectively, and heat loss through the protected area of the outdoor fences of the building 15, inside the complexes 16-19, moreover, the folding partitions 10 are removed. At the same time, the air conditioning and heating systems of rooms 8 of the main building (heat donor building) and rooms 3 of the neighboring building (heat recipient building) operate in the heating mode of the serviced premises, removing the necessary amount of heat from the internal volume of the complexes 16-19. At the same time, the temperature of the internal air in the complexes 16-19 is maintained at an optimal level, for example, 20°C, due to the smooth or on-off control of the blinds with the servo drive 20. This maintains the conditions for the highest energy efficiency of the air conditioning systems 1; 9 and 6; 13 in heating mode at low outdoor temperatures.

If the total amount of heat supplied inside complexes 16-19 by systems 4, 11 and 12, 15 does not fully satisfy the needs of the heating systems of the premises of the main and neighboring buildings, then the premises of the donor building are served as a priority, and the lack of heat is compensated by regular heating systems.

In the same case, if the total amount of heat supplied inside the complexes 16-19 by systems 4, 11 and 12, 15 exceeds the needs of systems 1, 9 and 6, 13, the servomotors 20 open the louvered grilles of the complexes 17 and 18, and the excess heat is thrown out into the environment. Thus, the claimed device performs heat recovery in the amount in which it is consumed by the heating system of two (or more than two) buildings.

During the summer period, when there is no need for space heating, air conditioning systems 1, 9 and 6, 13 are switched to room cooling mode, folding partitions 10 move apart, separating the POLYUS VSM-1 complexes (16, 17, 18 and 19) from each other , and normal operation of all air conditioning systems in cooling mode is restored.

In summer, the active thermal protection of buildings is disabled, and the air conditioning system 4, 11 operates as in the heating season, in cooling mode, while the heat removed from rooms 5 is removed to the environment.

Example

In a 12-story IT building in the center of Moscow, all office, administrative and technical premises are equipped with heat exchangers for the heating system, indoor units of a comfort air conditioning system or a precision (technological) air conditioning system: in each room, according to the project, the devices of these systems operate automatically.

The heat output of the heating system of one floor is on average 80 kW (the total capacity of the heating system of the entire building exceeds 900 kW).

The power of heat surpluses discharged into the environment by the precision process air conditioning system for servers, which operates continuously, all year round, exceeds 1350 kW.

The comfort air conditioning system serves all the premises of the building (offices, administrative, service, production and technical premises, assembly and dining rooms, classrooms, meeting rooms, etc.). The heat output of the comfort air-conditioning system in the space heating mode exceeds 2 MW (this power is practically not used, since during the heating period the regular building heating system in the traditional version with adjustable heaters is turned on).

Thus, the total heat load on the environment during the heating period exceeds 2250 kW (heat losses through the building fences, equal to the heating system capacity, plus heat surpluses removed to the environment by the precision technological air conditioning system)

The use of the proposed device in this example, for example, through reconstruction, would reduce the environmental load on the environment during the heating period by 1350 kW, that is, by 60%, while reducing the cost of heating the building: regular heating systems of this and neighboring buildings total with a power of 1350 kW could be turned off, or kept in standby mode.

Note: all outdoor units of the comfort air conditioning system of this building are located in VSM-1 complexes.

Claims (6)

1. A heat loss recovery device for buildings and structures containing rooms with year-round excess heat, cooled by air conditioning systems, the outdoor units of which are located outside the building in containers with air inlet and outlet louvres with servo drives, characterized in that outdoor units of the building air conditioning system operating in the mode of cooling the interior of the building with year-round heat surpluses, and outdoor units of the air conditioning systems operating in the heating and / or cooling mode of the interior of this or neighboring buildings during the transitional and heating periods of the year, are located outside the building in in one common container with air inlet and outlet louvres with servomotors or placed in separate containers, which are connected by heat-insulated air ducts. 2. The heat loss recovery device of buildings and structures according to claim 1, characterized in that the compressor-condenser units of the active building thermal protection system are placed in a common container. 3. The heat loss recovery device of buildings and structures according to claim 1, characterized in that folding partitions are installed between the blocks inside the common container. 4. The heat loss recovery device for buildings and structures according to claim 1, characterized in that the common container is equipped with active thermal protection or thermal insulation. 5. The heat loss recovery device of buildings and structures according to claim 1, characterized in that a common container with outdoor units serving neighboring buildings is placed between these buildings.

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