RU2784687C1 - System for monitoring of fire safety of object in real time mode - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire protection.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a system for monitoring of fire safety of an object in a real time mode. In the claimed solution, a system of control and measurement means is provided, which contains surveillance cameras and sensors, as well as transmits the current state of reception-control fire devices; a source data unit for tracking of a number of people and localization of their location; a prediction unit; as well as a decision-making unit with the possibility of generation of a signal on an unsatisfying state of fire safety of the object.

EFFECT: provision of control of a state of fire safety at an object in real time mode.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a system for monitoring the fire safety of an object in real time and is designed to monitor the state of fire safety at an object in real time and automate the actions of dispatch services.

State of the art

A fire safety control system is known, RF patent No. 33248 dated 10.10.2003, containing detectors 1, group blocks 2, a central device 3 designed to receive and process data on the state of the system from detectors and signaling devices, display information about the state of the system and fire hazardous situations, issuing alarms, entering system control commands, storing information about the system configuration, however, the disadvantage of this system is that it is not able to predict in real time the possibility of a complete evacuation of personnel and assess whether the level of fire safety at a given facility at a given time is satisfactory.

The closest analogue to the invention under consideration is a system for automated control of fire and explosion protection at an agricultural grain processing enterprise, patent of the Russian Federation No. are sent to the block for comparing standard indicators that ensure labor safety with indicators characterizing the working conditions in real time of normative indicators coming from the database block that ensure labor safety. The disadvantage of this system is also the inability to predict in real time the possibility of a complete evacuation of personnel and assess whether the level of fire safety at a given facility at a given time is satisfactory.

Thus, the claimed invention solves the problem of monitoring the state of fire safety at the facility in real time and informing the competent persons if such a state is unsatisfactory.

EFFECT: providing real-time monitoring of the fire safety status at the facility and informing competent persons if such a state is unsatisfactory, as well as providing decision support.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the system for monitoring the fire safety of an object in real time, consists of a system of control and measurement tools, a block of initial data, a prediction block, a decision block and an automated workplace with a graphical user interface, and the control and measurement system contains measuring and other devices, at least such as a module for interfacing a system with fire control devices, a module for interfacing a system with a security and/or alarm system, video surveillance cameras; the prediction block is configured to simulate fire scenarios and the possibility of evacuating people from the facility based on the indicators coming from the system of control and measurement means through the block of initial data in real time; the decision block is connected to the prediction block and is configured to recognize the current state of the fire safety of the object as unsatisfactory, signal this to the competent persons, at least by means of an automated workplace with a graphical user interface, suggest ways to improve the level of fire safety of the object.

The fire safety monitoring system contains sensors and devices located on the territory of the facility, the readings of which are the basis for physical and mathematical modeling of the possibility of evacuating people by means of a forecasting unit, which in turn is one of the criteria for determining the fire safety status of the facility. The system has the ability to inform competent persons about the unsatisfactory state of the facility, both at the facility itself, and competent persons in the Ministry of Emergency Situations and other structures.

The essence of the claimed technical solution is illustrated by the drawings of Fig. 1, which shows a diagram of a fire safety monitoring system.

Below is an example of the invention:

The system for monitoring the fire safety of an object in real time contains a system of control and measurement tools 2.

Such a system 2 contains measuring and other devices (modules) that monitor indicators that affect the state of fire safety, and includes: leakage sensors (detects the presence of liquid in a given area) 21, sensors for monitoring leakage currents 22 in a controlled line, position sensors ( open / closed) elements 23 (such as doors, windows, hatches, gateways, etc.), 28 video surveillance cameras with the ability to work with tools for analyzing and processing video stream information in real time, GLONASS (GPS) 29 sensors showing the position of vehicles at the facility, a module for interface of the system with fire control devices 26, responsible for monitoring the status (serviceable, broken, disabled, quantitative control parameters (if applicable), etc.) of fire alarm sensors (smoke sensors, etc.) and fire protection ( smoke removal, fire extinguishing system), interface module of the system with security and (or) alarm 27, responsible for monitoring the alarm sensors (serviceable, broken, disabled, quantitative control parameters (if applicable), etc.), local weather station 24 (measures the current meteorological parameters of the atmosphere (temperature, pressure, wind force, etc.), system interface module with an automated control system technological process (APCS) 25 to obtain all quantitative parameters of technological processes and control equipment for APCS.

The fire safety monitoring system of the facility operates in the following modes: daily activities and increased threat.

Initially, the system operates in the mode of daily activities.

Elements of the system communicate with each other either by wired or by a combined method (wired, wireless, radio signal).

Mode of daily activities.

Readings of sensors and instruments are received in the source data block 3. The source data block 3 contains a data processing module 31, a geolocation module 32, a conversion module 33, a module with a database of the worst values 34 interconnected.

Data processing module 31 from video cameras connected to video surveillance cameras 28 and having special software for determining the number of people in the picture in real time. Module 31 receives the video stream from each of the cameras and, using special software, determines the number of people in the field of view of each of the cameras, correlates this with each of the cameras, and sends the data to the conversion module 33. In this case, it is possible to use cameras with a built-in video stream processing tool. The geolocation module 32 receives data (coordinates) from the Glonas/GPS 29 sensors located in vehicles on the territory of the object, correlates the coordinates with the vehicle and transmits the data to the conversion module 33.

The conversion module 33 receives readings from sensors and devices (modules) 21-27, as well as data from modules 31 and 32 for converting the data format of sensors and modules into the corresponding single format and subsequent transmission to prediction block 4. Also, the source data block contains a module with database of 34 worst values for each of the indicators. If for some reason the readings should have arrived at module 33, but did not, their worst value is taken from the module with database 34. Readings are received in block 3 either via a wired or wireless communication channel. The frequency of receipt can be changed manually depending on the specifics of the object and range from 1 second. Mandatory data collection includes: readings of the states (health/operability) of the fire alarm system, warning and evacuation control systems, readings of the module 31 of counting the number of people.

The prediction block 4 contains a module 43 with a database of the geometric dimensions of the object and the fire load of materials inside the object. The database contains information about the dimensions of corridors, rooms, ledges, stairs, etc.; their location, a map of the object (it is possible to perform it in the form of a three-dimensional model), as well as information about the fire load of materials inside the objects, in fact contains an information model of the building that reflects the actual geometric dimensions and space-planning solutions of the building. The prediction block 4 also contains a module for generating scenarios for the development of a fire 41 and a module for simulating the evacuation of people 42, connected to each other and to module 43.

Incoming readings from block 3, including weather conditions, parameters of technological processes and equipment (temperature, pressure, location, fire hazard class, etc.), leakage currents, fire alarm and fire protection status, fire load of materials, information about location and size of the elements of the object allows the module 41 to generate a fire development scenario, on the basis of which the possible place of the fire, the values of fire hazards at each calculated point at a given time is determined.

Based on the data received in module 41 and transmitted to module 42, module 42 simulates the evacuation process if it began right now. The conditions for safe evacuation of people are calculated for some (predetermined) design points in the building and are determined by the expression: the product of the time of blocking the evacuation path at the point in question and a certain safety factor must be greater than the estimated time of evacuation of people at the point under consideration. Settlement points are determined in advance by the user of the system. The result of the work of the module for assessing the conditions for the safe evacuation of people is a set of data that reflects for each calculated point the result of assessing the conditions for the safe evacuation of people (completed / not fulfilled), the quantitative value of people who do not have time to evacuate (for example, 10 people) and the quantitative values of the estimated evacuation time people at each calculated point (for example, 45 seconds).

Modules 41 and 42 make it possible to dynamically model fire and evacuation development scenarios, take into account the number of people and their distribution at the facility at the moment, the nearest distance to these exits, the width of passages, the operation of alarm and fire extinguishing systems, the location of transport, for example, are emergency vehicles blocking exits or entrance of fire trucks, other indicators described above. Simulation of evacuation "right now" occurs by calculating the initial data on physical and mathematical models of emergency processes based on well-known, proven methods, for example, those contained in the order of the Russian Emergencies Ministry of June 30, 2009 No. 382 "On approval of the methodology for determining the calculated values of fire risk in buildings , structures and buildings of various classes of functional fire hazard "or dated 10.07.2009 N 404" On approval of the methodology for determining the calculated values of fire risk at production facilities ", or other well-known methods.

For example, one way to calculate the time of evacuation of people can be as follows. Estimated time of evacuation of people (t _p ) is determined as the sum of the time of movement of the human flow along separate sections of the path t _i according to the formula:

where

t ₁ - the time of movement of the human flow in the first (initial) section, min;

t ₂,t ₃,...,t _i - the time of movement of the human flow on each of the following after the first section of the track, min.

The time of movement of the human flow along the first section of the path ( t ₁ ), min, is calculated by the formula:

where

l ₁ - the length of the first section of the path, m;

v ₁ , - the value of the speed of the human flow along the path in the first section, is determined from the reference data depending on the density of the human flow D , m/min.

The density of the human flow ( D ₁ ) on the first section of the path, m ² /m ² , is calculated by the formula:

where

N ₁ - the number of people in the first section, people;

f - the average area of the horizontal projection of a person, taken equal depending on the contingent of people, m ² ;

δ ₁ , - the width of the first section of the path, m.

Thus, knowing the density of the human flow in the area, the speed of its passage and, accordingly, the evacuation time in this area are determined. To determine the above parameters, a simplified analytical, simulation stochastic, individual flow or other model of human movement can be used.

One of the ways to calculate the time of blocking the escape route (t _bl ) is to determine the time of occurrence of one of the fire hazards at the design point using analytical relationships:

elevated temperature

,

,

by loss of visibility

,

,

low oxygen content

,

,

for each of the gaseous toxic combustion products

,

,

where

– размерный комплекс, зависящий от теплоты сгорания материала и свободного объема помещения, кг;

- dimensional complex, depending on the heat of combustion of the material and the free volume of the room, kg;

t ₀ - initial air temperature in the room, ° С;

n is the exponent taking into account the change in the mass of the burnable material over time;

A is a dimensional parameter that takes into account the specific mass burnout rate of the combustible material and the fire area, kg/s ⁿ ;

Z is a dimensionless parameter that takes into account the uneven distribution of RPP along the height of the room;

Q _n - lower calorific value of the material, MJ / kg;

С _р is the specific isobaric heat capacity of the gas, MJ/kg;

ϕ - heat loss coefficient (accepted according to reference literature, in the absence of data it can be taken equal to 0.3);

η is the coefficient of completeness of combustion (determined by formula P6.9);

V - free volume of the room, m ³ ;

a is the coefficient of reflection of objects on the evacuation routes;

E - initial illumination, lx;

l _pr - the maximum range of visibility in the smoke, m;

D _m - smoke-generating ability of the burning material, Np⋅m ² /kg;

L is the specific output of toxic gases during the combustion of 1 kg of material, kg/kg;

X - the maximum allowable content of toxic gas in the room, kg m ^-3 (X _CO2 \u003d 0.11 kg / m ³ ; X _CO \u003d 1.16 ⋅ 10 ^-3 kg / m ³ ; X _HCL \u003d 23 10 ^-6 kg / m ³ );

_LО2 – specific oxygen consumption, kg/kg.

Thus, the time of blocking the evacuation route at a point is determined as the minimum of the previously determined times for the onset of fire hazards, namely:

At the same time, the occurrence of critical values of dangerous fire factors (the time of their onset) can be determined using an integral, zone, field or other method of modeling the development of a fire.

As a result of calculating the value of the blocking time of the escape route (t _bl ) and the estimated time of evacuation of people at a given point, they are compared. If the evacuation route blocking time is less than the estimated evacuation time, it is assumed that this route is not safe for movement, and vice versa. The results of this comparison are passed to decision block 5.

Module 42 of block 4 transmits information to decision block 5, which contains a fire safety assessment module 51 and a decision support module 52 associated with each other.

The module for assessing the state of fire safety 51 of the object is designed to determine the current (at a particular point in time) the state of fire safety of the object. The fire safety status of an object is determined by a criterion that includes two indicators: the indicator "conditions for the safe evacuation of people inside the building" (defined in module 42) and the indicator "fire safety requirements". The “fire safety requirements” indicator includes a set of organizational and technical measures (for example, a fire safety training was conducted, evacuation routes were littered, etc.) to which a “Yes / No” response is provided. The answer is entered into the system either mechanically through a personal device (mobile phone, personal computer, workstation, etc.) or using video cameras with special software (artificial intelligence), which can automatically identify the execution / non-performance of the event, or by a combination of these methods.

After receiving data on the two previously given indicators, the criterion for the state of fire safety of the object at the current time is calculated. The criterion is calculated by module 51 according to the algorithms specified by the user and/or normative documents.

For example, for each “yes / no” answer, hitting numerical values in some given ranges, the corresponding points are awarded or calculated, then the criterion for the fire safety status of the object in this case will be the final score. At the same time, blocking criteria are also possible, for example, if the evacuation routes are cluttered - “yes” or the conditions for the safe evacuation of people - “not met”, then a certain number of points is assigned to the criterion, regardless of other answers.

Also, the building fire safety criterion ( S ) at the current time can be determined in another way, for example, by the expression:

where:

p _i is the value of the safe evacuation condition in the building at the design point, i =1,…, n , where n is the number of sections in the building;

r _i is the value of the indicator of fulfillment of fire safety requirements, i =1,…, n , where n is the number of fire safety requirements;

α, γ are weight coefficients that regulate the importance of design parameters.

Thus, at each moment of time, the fire safety criterion of the building ( S ) is determined, which characterizes the state of its fire safety.

This criterion is then compared with an acceptable criterion for the state of fire safety for this building, established by the user or regulatory documents. The result of the work of this module is the value of the criterion for assessing the current state of the object's fire safety. If the criterion is satisfactory, the user of the system is informed about this, for example, through the graphical interface of the workstation, and module 51 instructs the system to continue functioning in the mode of daily activities. If the criterion is unsatisfactory, then information about this, as well as information about the conditions for safe evacuation (calculated in block 4) and information about the indicator "fire safety requirements" (a complete list of measures indicating completed / not completed) is transmitted to the decision support module 52, and module 51 instructs the system to operate in increased threat mode.

High threat mode.

This mode is characterized by the fact that the current state of the fire safety of the object is unsatisfactory and people with the current parameters of the object will not have time to evacuate and (or) there is a threat to their lives from hazardous factors.

The decision support module 52 is designed to search for measures to improve the level of fire safety of the object based on the current value of the criterion for assessing the state of fire safety of the object and bringing it to an acceptable level. The search for measures is carried out on the basis of data on the conditions for the safe evacuation of people and the implementation of certain organizational and technical measures. The selection of measures is carried out from a pre-prepared array of possible measures to improve fire safety.

For example, based on the current state, module 52 selects a management decision aimed at improving the level of fire safety at the facility, for example, remove cars blocking the emergency exit, remove some people from the facility, widen passages, replace inoperative fire extinguishing systems, etc.

A prerequisite is to re-determine the conditions for the safe evacuation of people and calculate the fire safety criterion for the building using block 4 to test the effectiveness of the solution.

The fact of changing the state of the system to the increased threat mode and the selected management decision is communicated to the head of the facility (the person responsible for fire safety) through the AWP (Workstation) with a graphical user interface 1, who, in turn, must proceed to its implementation. If the solution is implemented and the recalculation of the current state has shown that it is satisfactory, then the system switches to the mode of daily activity.

If the head of the facility (the person responsible for fire safety) does not take any action and the criterion for assessing the state of fire safety of the facility is at an unacceptable level, for example, for more than 1 hour, then information about the threat to people's lives at the facility in question is transmitted to the territorial body of the EMERCOM of Russia and ( or) another department concerned (the signal can be transmitted in various ways, for example via cable or radio signal, or via the Internet), it is possible to activate a fire alarm.

Servers, computers and other various hardware and software systems can be used as blocks/modules.

Thus, due to the constant modeling of the evacuation of people by means of a prediction block 4 based on data received in real time from sensors and devices (modules) 21-29 of the control and measurement system 2 and the initial data block 3, the operation of the decision block 5 and means informing 1 provides real-time monitoring of the fire safety status at the facility and informing the competent persons if such a state is unsatisfactory, as well as decision support (methods are proposed to increase the fire safety level of the facility based on the current fire safety status).

Claims (8)

1. A system for monitoring the fire safety of an object in real time, consisting of a system of control and measurement tools, a block of initial data, a forecasting block, a decision block and an automated workplace with a graphical user interface, characterized in that: - the system of means of control and measurement contains a system interface module with fire control devices, a system interface module with an automated process control system, a system interface module with a security and / or emergency alarm, made with the possibility of receiving and subsequent transmission to the module for converting signals about the current state from the devices of the control and reception firefighters, from the automated process control system, from the security and / or alarm, respectively, and the system of control and measurement tools also contains leakage sensors, a local weather station, sensors for monitoring leakage currents, position sensors of elements made with the ability to transmit readings to the conversion module, GLONASS (GPS) sensors, configured to transmit their location to the geolocation module, video surveillance cameras; - the initial data block includes a data processing module that receives data from CCTV cameras and transmits data on the number of people in the field of view of each of the cameras at a given time to the conversion module, a geolocation module that transmits data on the location of each GLONASS (GPS) sensor to a conversion module, a conversion module configured to convert the signals incoming to it into a single format and transmitting them to the prediction unit, a module with a worst-case database, configured to transmit to the prediction unit the worst values of the signal readings that should have been received by the conversion module , but did not enter; - the prediction block contains a module with a database of the geometric dimensions of the object and the fire load of materials inside the object, a module for generating scenarios for the development of a fire and a module for simulating the evacuation of people connected to each other, and is configured to simulate the development based on the indicators coming from the block of initial data fire and the possibility of evacuating people from the object at the calculated points at a given time, and the module for simulating the evacuation of people is configured to determine whether the condition for the safe evacuation of people at the calculated points at a given time is met and to transmit signals about the fulfillment / non-fulfillment of the condition for the safe evacuation of people at the calculated points at a given time in the decision block; - the decision making unit contains a module for assessing the state of fire safety and a decision support module connected to each other, and the module for assessing the state of fire safety is made possible on the basis of signals received from the module for simulating the evacuation of people, and received data on the organizational and technical measures taken recognize the current state of the fire safety of the object as unsatisfactory, inform the competent persons about this, at least by transmitting a signal about the unsatisfactory state to an automated workstation with a graphical user interface, and the decision support module is configured to suggest ways to improve the level of fire safety of the object. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that if the fire safety assessment module recognizes the current fire safety status of the object as unsatisfactory and sends a signal about this to an automated workstation with a graphical user interface, and the user does not take any action within the set time , then the module for assessing the state of fire safety transmits a signal about the unsatisfactory current state of the fire safety of the object to the authorized state authorities. 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the surveillance cameras are made with the ability to independently determine the number of people in the frame at a given time.

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