RU2782453C2 - Secondary steam recycling unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: processing of waste.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of waste processing equipment and is intended for recycling secondary steam generated in the process of processing animal biological waste. Secondary steam recycling unit, containing, series-connected, a boiling vessel, a precipitation cyclone, a condenser, and a secondary steam condensate collection tank equipped with a condensate drainage unit, is characterised by the condenser being represented by an air-heater type air heat exchanger and consisting of a secondary steam intake chamber and an exhaust chamber for the resulting condensate, interconnected by a tube bank, wherein the tubes are provided with fins.

EFFECT: possibility of increasing the reliability of the secondary steam recycling unit.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of waste processing equipment and is intended for the disposal of juice vapors generated during the processing of biological waste of animal origin (slaughterhouse waste, bones, crushed carcasses of dead animals and birds) in poultry farms, livestock complexes, meat processing plants and veterinary and sanitary recycling plants through their condensation and removal of the resulting condensate into the sewer.

State of the art

A system for collecting juice vapors in fodder digesters is known, disclosed in RF patent No. 2733435 (publication date: 10/01/2020). The known system contains a centrifugal-type cyclone precipitator, a fodder digester, a tubular condenser, a cooling tower, a chilled water collection tank, a juice vapor collection tank, a circulation pump and a vacuum pump to reduce pressure.

Known installation for the production of meat and bone meal, disclosed in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 36944 (publication date: 10.04.2004). The known installation contains a vacuum boiler connected in series with a precipitator, a heat exchanger, a vacuum pump, and a circulating water supply system for cooling the heat exchanger, while it contains a vacuum collector of juice vapor condensate connected to a heat exchanger, which is used as a multi-pass tubular condenser.

A known system for the collection and disposal of juice vapors ("Econmax-Partner", http://sc-ecomax.ru/sistema-sbora-i-utilizacii-sokovyh-parov, accessed: April 2021). The known system is installed in blocks: each horizontal vacuum boiler is connected to a cyclone-precipitator, a shell-and-tube condenser and a vessel for collecting condensate. Shell and tube condensers are cooled by a closed cooling circuit. The condensate obtained from the juice vapor is cooled in the condensate collection tank or in the mixer to lower temperatures, allowing it to be discharged into the sewer.

A known system for the utilization of juice vapors of boilers (JSC Energomash, http://www.energomash-tver.ru/Sites/content/Uploads/sistema_utilizacii_parov_kotlov_kb46m.6A7A677BD94642AF83D92E9CDB379E8D.pdf, accessed: April 2021) is a prototype. The known system contains a vacuum boiler, a cyclone-precipitator to protect the steam condenser from ingress of solid particles that are part of the juice vapors, a shell-and-tube condenser for cooling, condensing juice vapors, a tank for collecting juice vapor condensate, which allows draining the condensate into the sewer. Shell and tube condensers are cooled by a closed cooling circuit.

A common disadvantage of the known solutions is the low reliability due to the vapor condensation means used. This is due to the fact that the use of water-cooled condensers can cause a shutdown of the unit due to freezing of water in the circulating water supply system in winter at negative outdoor temperatures, and the use of water cooling over time significantly reduces the operability and efficiency of the unit due to deposits of hardness salts on the heat exchange surfaces of the condenser, which can lead to unit failure.

Disclosure of the essence of the invention

The technical problem underlying the present invention is to ensure the utilization of juice vapors to prevent them from entering the environment.

The technical result achieved in the implementation of the invention is to increase the reliability of the installation for the utilization of juice vapors. The invention discloses a plant for the utilization of juice vapors, containing a digester connected in series, a cyclone-precipitator, a condenser, a juice vapor condensate collection tank, equipped with a condensate drain unit. The proposed solution differs from the prototype in that the condenser is represented by an air heater-type heat exchanger.

In the invention, the increase in reliability is ensured by preventing water freezing and hardness salt contamination of the condenser heat exchange surfaces, which increases the service life of the unit, increases its efficiency, reduces installation, maintenance and repair costs, and allows the unit to be used regardless of the outside air temperature.

The need to use the invention is due to the fact that the release into the atmosphere of vapors with a characteristic odor that occurs during the digestion of raw materials of animal origin can adversely affect the environment near poultry farms, livestock complexes, meat processing plants and veterinary and sanitary recycling plants. Utilization of such vapors makes it possible to prevent their release into the atmosphere.

Implementation of the invention

The drawing shows a block diagram of the installation for the disposal of juice vapors. The following designations are used in the drawing:

1 - digester;

2 - cyclone-precipitator;

3 - condenser (air heater type heat exchanger);

4 - tank for collecting condensate of juice vapors.

In accordance with the drawing, the installation consists of a digester 1, which is a cylindrical body with a steam jacket covering the boiler body from all sides and having its own outer wall, and an agitator with an electric drive and a gearbox. The digester is connected by a pipeline to a cyclone-precipitator 2, designed to separate solid particles from the juice vapors.

The cyclone precipitator 2 is represented by a typical centrifugal type unit and contains a cylindrical body, an accumulator made in the form of a truncated cone, and a branch pipe with a tangential supply. The cyclone-precipitator is connected by a pipeline to the condenser 3, represented by an air heater-type heat exchanger.

Condenser 3 consists of a receiving chamber for juice vapors and an outlet chamber for the resulting condensate. These chambers are interconnected by a tube bundle. The tubes are finned in steel or aluminum to increase the heat transfer surface. Cooling air is supplied to the annular space by air fans.

The air heat exchanger 3 is connected by a pipeline to the juice vapor condensate collection tank 4, which is a container where the condensed juice vapors are drained. After cooling, the condensate is removed to the sewer. Condensate is drained from the tank by periodically opening the shut-off valve on the drain pipe.

Installation for recycling juice vapor works as follows.

Raw materials are loaded inside the digester 1, heating steam is supplied to the steam jacket. Further, in the digester 1, heat treatment and drying of raw materials of animal origin takes place: heating of raw materials, sterilization under pressure and drying to obtain meat and bone meal with a moisture content of 8-10%. Raw materials are slaughterhouse waste from poultry farms, meat processing plants, crushed carcasses of animals and poultry. In the process of processing, the raw materials are mixed with the help of an agitator with an electric drive and a gearbox. Juice vapors formed during the cooking and drying of raw materials from the digester 1 enter the cyclone-precipitator 2, the inlet of which is connected by a pipeline with the digester, and the outlet with the receiving chamber of the air heat exchanger 3.

In the cyclone-precipitator 2, the juice vapors are cleaned from large solid particles and heavy impurities due to the centrifugal separation of suspended particles. The purified juice vapors are discharged from the top of the cyclone-precipitator 2 through the pipeline to the heat exchanger 3 due to the fact that steam continues to flow from the digester, and the volume of vapors decreases in the heat exchanger during condensation. Separated particles and impurities are removed through the lower nozzle of the cyclone-precipitator 2.

Getting into the air heat exchanger 3, the juice vapors are cooled and condensed and then, in a liquid state, merge into the condensate collection tank 4.

After the juice vapors are cooled, they are drained from the juice vapor condensate collection tank 4 into the sewerage system by periodically opening the shut-off valve on the drain pipe.

Claims (1)

Installation for utilization of juice vapors, containing connected in series a digester, a cyclone-precipitator, a condenser, a tank for collecting juice vapor condensate, equipped with a condensate drain unit, characterized in that the condenser is represented by an air heat exchanger of the calorific type and consists of a receiving chamber for juice vapors and an outlet chamber for the resulting condensate, which are interconnected by a tube bundle, while the tubes have fins.

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