RU2782078C1 - Heater with built-in thermoelectric generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to auxiliary means of heating and can be used to facilitate the start of internal combustion engines. A heater with a built-in thermoelectric generator (TEG) (3) contains a burner device (1), a device (2) for supplying air to the burner device; fuel equipment (5); electronic control unit (6) (ECU). TEG (3) is electrically connected through the ECU (6) to the storage battery (25). It also contains a system (4) for the removal of combustion products, a means (7) for supplying a coolant to the heating object, temperature sensors and electric heaters connected to the computer (6). It contains an oxygen sensor (48) in the combustion products connected to the electronic control unit (6) and a burner device (1) consisting of a combustion chamber (120), a nozzle (121), a candle (122). The combustion chamber (120) is a monolithic structure with a cylindrical inner surface and a prismatic outer surface. Inside the combustion chamber (120), with an open part towards the inlet of the fuel-air mixture flow, a splitting glass (123) is installed.

EFFECT: increasing the service life, reducing fuel consumption, as well as generating additional electric power.

14 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to auxiliary means of heating and can be used to facilitate the start of internal combustion engines of vehicles (VH) that are in long-term storage while maintaining high readiness of the vehicle for movement during the entire storage period, for heating cabs, vans, passenger compartments and compartments of the vehicle , heating of stationary or temporary premises, collapsible houses, tents (hereinafter referred to as the Heating Object), as well as power supply to devices installed on the Vehicle and the Heating Object by creating a heated air flow with the simultaneous generation of electrical energy from a heating source of a liquid or air coolant without starting the internal engine combustion and consumption of electrical energy stored in the storage battery (ACB) of the vehicle with simultaneous monitoring of the state of the systems of stored vehicles maintained in a state of full readiness during the entire period of storage.

A known system for heating gasoline engines of ZIL vehicles, containing a boiler-heater with a gas exhaust pipe, an electric fan, a fuel tank, an electromagnetic shut-off valve, connecting pipelines and a control panel. The water heated in the heater, which is used as the coolant of the liquid cooling system, flows by gravity into the engine cooling jacket and then back into the heater. The electric fan is designed to blow air into the burner device of the boiler-heater. The engine crankcase is heated by the products of fuel combustion. The power supply of the heating system is provided by a standard car battery. (V.A. Rodichev. Device and operation of trucks. M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2004, pp. 47-48). The known device is characterized by the complexity of operational maintenance, low efficiency, requires the consumption of electric energy of the vehicle battery without recharging it, does not provide a modern level of automation and control of operation during operation.

Known pre-heaters of engines, in which for pre-heating it is proposed to use heat accumulators that store the heat of exhaust gases during engine operation (RF patent No. , patent of the Russian Federation No. 2153098 for the invention "METHOD AND SYSTEM OF HEATING AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE", IPC F 02 N 17/00, publ. 00, publ. 06/10/2000, RF patent No. 2022154, for the invention "PRE-START HEATING SYSTEM OF THE VEHICLE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE", IPC F 02 N 17/00, publ. 10.30.1994). It is expedient to use known devices only during short breaks in the operation of vehicle heat engines. The use of the above starting preheaters to ensure the long-term readiness of vehicles is impossible due to the limited thermal energy stored in a thermal accumulator having allowable weights and dimensions for its installation on the vehicle, as well as the lack of the possibility of recharging the battery of the vehicle used for pumping the coolant.

A heating plant with a built-in thermogenerator is known, containing a combustion chamber with a fuel ignition source, an air supply device, a fuel pump, an electronic control unit with a DC-DC converter, a thermoelectric generator as part of thermoelectric generator modules, a cold liquid heat exchanger and a hot heat exchanger in the form of a reservoir of heat-conducting alloys with a thermal conductivity of at least 200 W / (m * K), as well as a coolant heat exchanger, temperature and combustion sensors, a coolant pump (RF patent No. 7/18, F02N 19/04, published 09/10/2019). The disadvantages of the known device are insufficiently high reliability and instability of generation indicators due to the absence of a protective cover on thermoelectric generator modules, as well as the large weight of the device due to the presence of reinforcing structures that ensure the absence of warpage in the "heating" - "cooling" cycles. In addition, the known device does not provide heating of the vehicle interior, and also cannot be used to heat a permanent or temporary premises.

Known heater with a thermoelectric generator containing a housing; air blower, fuel pump, burner and combustion chamber, thermoelectric generator, liquid cooling system, liquid pump, liquid-air heat exchanger, control device. converter (US patent No. US5450869A for the invention "Heater mechanism including a light compact thermoelectric converter", IPC B60H 1/22; F23D 11/00; F23D 11/04; F24H 1/00; H01L 035/32, publ. 19.09. 1995). A disadvantage of the known heater is the need to vacuumize the entire volume occupied by thermoelectric modules, the absence of combustion control devices in the composition that increase the efficiency of the device as a whole, and the impossibility of useful use of the generated electrical energy after the battery is fully charged.

A preheater for an internal combustion engine is known, containing a burner assembly, a heat sink with an outer surface made in the form of a polyhedral prism, thermoelectric batteries located on the edges of the heat sink, a heat exchanger for cooling the batteries, an additional heat exchanger and a mechanism for pressing the batteries to the heat sink. The clamping mechanism is equipped with rings covering the heat exchanger, pads and bushings installed between the pads and the heat exchanger. (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2006660 for the invention "PRE-START HEATER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE", IPC F02N 17/04, publ. 30.01.1994). The disadvantages of the known technical solution are the lack of separate temperature control of various engine components that require heating and are in different temperature conditions, the impossibility of heating the oil in the engine crankcase, the absence of a battery heating unit, fuel lines and fuel in the vehicle tank.

Known closest to the claimed solution in terms of essential features and selected as a prototype heater with a built-in thermoelectric generator, containing: a burner; device for supplying air to the burner; fuel equipment; thermoelectric generator (TEG) electrically connected to the storage battery; electronic control unit; combustion products removal system; a means for supplying a coolant to the heated parts; posistor heater installed in the fuel tank, oil and engine coolant temperature sensors connected to the inputs of the control unit; solenoid valves with actuators installed at the inlet to the coolant supply pump and at the outlet of the cold junction heat exchanger. The posistor heater, drives of the fuel pump, coolant pump, air supply device and electromagnetic valves are electrically connected to the voltage converter of the thermoelectric generator, the first, second and third outputs of the electronic control unit are connected to the drives of the fuel pump, coolant pump and air supply device, respectively, with the possibility regulation of their performance, the fourth and fifth outputs of the electronic control unit are connected to the actuators of electromagnetic valves with the ability to control the flow of engine coolant, and the outlet of the flue is located under the engine crankcase. (RF patent No. 2268393 for the invention "DEVICE FOR EASIER START OF THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE", IPC F02N 17/04, publ. 20.01.2006) . The device ensures the autonomy of the launch system due to the built-in power source of the thermoelectric generator, the heat and electricity generated by it are fully used in the systems of the internal combustion engine. However, the known device cannot be used for heating the interior of the vehicle, temporary or permanent premises, does not provide heating of all units of the vehicle and does not optimize fuel combustion.

The task to be solved by the claimed technical solution is the development of a highly efficient heater with a built-in thermoelectric generator for heating various Heating Objects without starting the internal combustion engine and consuming electrical energy stored in the vehicle battery.

The technical results achieved as a result of solving the task, in all cases of execution of the claimed technical solution, are:

- increasing the reliability of the device and increasing the resource of its work;

- reduction of fuel consumption;

- generation of the necessary electric power, providing compensation for the discharge and self-discharge of the battery;

- generation of additional electrical power.

The technical results achieved as a result of solving the task, in the preferred cases of the execution of the claimed technical solution, are:

- expansion of functionality by providing the possibility of using without using the resource of the internal combustion engine of the vehicle and the electric capacity of the battery of the vehicle, including for heating both vehicle units and premises.

- increasing the efficiency of monitoring the state of complete readiness of vehicles during long-term operation of the Heater in the conditions of their storage in open parking lots and / or unheated shelters of motor transport parks;

These technical results are achieved by the fact that the heater with a built-in thermoelectric generator contains: a burner; device for supplying air to the burner; fuel equipment; electronic control unit; thermoelectric generator (TEG), electrically connected through the control unit with the vehicle battery (TS); combustion products removal system; means for supplying heat carrier to the Heating Object, heaters, temperature sensors and electric heaters connected to the inputs of the electronic control unit. In the exhaust pipe of the combustion products removal system, a sensor for the concentration of residual oxygen in the combustion products (λ-probe, Lambda probe) is installed, connected to the electronic control unit. The burner device consists of: a combustion chamber, a nozzle, a candle for igniting the fuel-air mixture. The combustion chamber is a monolithic thick-walled structure, the inner surface of which has a cylindrical shape, and the outer surface is prismatic. Inside the combustion chamber, with an open part to the inlet of the fuel-air mixture flow, a dissecting cup is installed, on the side and end surfaces of which holes are made.

In the preferred embodiment, the fuel equipment comprises: a through-flow fuel tank, a fuel pump, fuel lines, a filter for the fuel line supplying the burner.

In the preferred embodiment, the TEG contains thermoelectric generator modules, fastening units for spring temperature compensation, a cold heat exchanger, and electrical fittings.

TEG may contain the first section, including thermoelectric generator modules installed on the outer surface of the combustion chamber, having a flat design and placed in a sealed thin-walled stainless steel case containing internal electrical insulating gaskets and filled with an inert gas.

The TEG can also contain a second section, including thermoelectric generator modules installed on the exhaust pipe of the combustion products removal system, having an annular design and placed in a sealed thin-walled stainless steel case containing internal electrical insulating gaskets and filled with an inert gas.

In the preferred embodiment, the Heater also contains an electric heater of the air supplied to the Heating Object, connected to the electronic control unit.

In a preferred embodiment, the device for supplying air to the burner device contains: an air blower, an inlet air manifold, a preheated air duct, a heat exchanger for preheating the inlet air, and an inlet air pipe.

In the preferred embodiment, the electronic control unit contains power interface units: for connecting the battery, TEG outputs, heaters, fans, valves and pumps; high-voltage interface power supply unit for the fuel-air mixture ignition plug; blocks of input interfaces of sensors and additional power supply with a connector for distributing additional power; the control controller of the device for monitoring and controlling the operation of the Heater; control panel and indication of the heater operation modes; additional remote control; transceiver; cables and electrical fittings.

In the preferred embodiment, the Heater contains: a temperature sensor of the heated air of the Heating Object; fuel pump housing temperature sensor Heater; heater fuel line temperature sensor; temperature sensor of the fuel line filter supplying the burner device of the Heater; fuel tank temperature sensor; TEG cold heat exchanger temperature sensor; battery temperature sensor; electric heater battery TS; electric heater of the vehicle fuel pump; electric fuel heater in the vehicle tank; electric heater of the fuel line of the vehicle; electric heater of the fuel line filter of the vehicle.

In some cases, the air environment can be used as a heat carrier for heating the Heating Object, while air radiators are used as cold TEG heat exchangers, which provide heating of the heat carrier; The heater additionally contains an electric heater of the liquid cooling system (LCS) of the TS, installed in the liquid radiator of the TS, and the means for supplying the heat carrier to the Heating Object includes: an inlet air diffuser of the Heating Object; air channel; inlet air duct of the Heating Object; air supply pipe; an air controlled damper that provides mixing of cold ambient air through the air supply pipe into the air flow entering the inlet of the blowing air fan.

In other cases, as a heat carrier for heating the Heating Object, a liquid heat carrier is used such as a coolant (coolant) of an internal combustion engine (ICE) of the vehicle, while liquid radiators are used as cold heat exchangers of the TEG, providing heating of the coolant; The heater additionally contains an electric air heater of the Heating Object, and the means for supplying the coolant to the Heating Object contains: a pump for pumping coolant in the Heater and the vehicle engine; pipelines for pumping coolant in the heater and pipeline fittings.

In some cases, electric heaters can be installed on the outer surfaces of the heated units.

In other versions, electric heaters can be built into the heated units.

The Object of Heating can be: either TS units, and/or TS compartments, and/or stationary premises, and/or temporary premises.

A comparative analysis of the claimed invention with the prototype showed that in all cases of execution it differs from the known, closest technical solution:

- the presence of a residual oxygen concentration sensor in the combustion products (λ-probe, Lambda probe) installed in the exhaust pipe of the combustion products removal system and connected to the electronic control unit;

- the implementation of the burner device containing: a combustion chamber, a nozzle, a candle to ignite the fuel-air mixture;

- the execution of the combustion chamber, which is a monolithic thick-walled structure, the inner surface of which has a cylindrical shape, and the outer surface is prismatic;

- the presence of a dissecting cup installed inside the combustion chamber, with an open part to the inlet of the fuel-air mixture flow;

- the presence of holes on the side and end surfaces of the glass.

A comparative analysis of the claimed invention with the prototype showed that in the preferred case of execution it differs from the known, closest technical solution:

- the implementation of fuel equipment, containing: a through-flow fuel tank, a fuel pump, fuel lines, a fuel line filter for supplying a burner device;

- execution of TEG containing thermoelectric generator modules, fastening units of spring temperature compensation, cold heat exchanger, electrical fittings;

- execution of TEG, containing the first section, including thermoelectric generator modules installed on the outer surface of the combustion chamber, having a flat design and placed in a sealed thin-walled stainless steel case containing internal electrical insulating gaskets and filled with an inert gas;

- execution of a TEG containing a second section, including thermoelectric generator modules installed on the exhaust pipe of the combustion products removal system, having an annular structure and placed in a sealed thin-walled stainless steel case containing internal electrical insulating gaskets and filled with inert gas;

- the presence of an electric air heater connected to the electronic control unit, supplied to the Heating Object;

- the implementation of the device for supplying air to the burner device, containing: a blowing air fan, an inlet air manifold, a heated air duct, a heat exchanger for heating the inlet air, an inlet air pipe;

- implementation of an electronic control unit containing: power interface blocks for connecting the battery, TEG outputs, heaters, fans, valves and pumps; high-voltage interface power supply unit for the fuel-air mixture ignition plug; blocks of input interfaces of sensors and additional power supply with a connector for distributing additional power; the control controller of the device for monitoring and controlling the operation of the Heater; control panel and indication of the heater operation modes; additional remote control; transceiver; cables and electrical fittings;

- the presence of: a temperature sensor of the heated air of the Heating Object, a temperature sensor of the body of the fuel pump of the Heater, a temperature sensor of the fuel line of the Heater, a temperature sensor of the filter of the fuel line of the burner device of the Heater, a temperature sensor of the through-flow fuel tank, a temperature sensor of the TEG cold heat exchanger, a temperature sensor of the vehicle battery, electric heater of the battery of the vehicle, electric heater of the fuel pump of the vehicle, electric heater of fuel in the tank of the vehicle, electric heater of the fuel line of the vehicle, electric heater of the filter of the fuel line of the vehicle;

- use of air as a heat carrier for heating the Heating Object, and as cold TEG heat exchangers - air radiators that provide heating of the heat carrier, the presence of an electric heater of the liquid cooling system (LCS) of the TS installed in the liquid radiator of the TS; execution of means for supplying heat carrier to the Heating Object, including: an inlet air diffuser of the Heating Object, an air duct, an inlet air duct of the Heating Object, an air supply pipe, an air controlled damper that provides mixing of cold ambient air through the air supply pipe into the air flow entering the inlet blowing air fan;

- use of a liquid heat carrier (such as an ICE ICE coolant) as a heat carrier for heating the Heating Object, and as cold TEG heat exchangers - liquid radiators that provide heating of the coolant, the presence of an electric air heater of the Heating Object; implementation of the means for supplying the coolant to the Heating Object, containing: a pump for pumping coolant in the Heater and the engine of the vehicle, pipelines for pumping coolant in the Heater and pipeline fittings;

- the implementation of electric heaters installed on the outer surfaces of the heated units;

- the implementation of electric heaters built into the heated units;

- use as a Heating Object: or TS units, and/or TS compartments, and/or stationary premises, and/or temporary premises.

The presence of a splitting cup installed inside the combustion chamber, with its open part towards the inlet of the fuel-air mixture flow, increases the heating efficiency of hot TEG heat exchangers, the thermoelectric generator modules of which are installed on the outer surface of the combustion chamber.

Combustion products of the fuel-air mixture pass through holes in the side and end surfaces of the splitter cup into the cavity between the outer side of the splitter cup and the inner surface of the combustion chamber, providing its heating. Additional heating of the inner surface of the combustion chamber, which ensures an increase in the efficiency of generating electric energy in the TEG, is carried out due to infrared radiation emitted by the outer surface of the dissecting cup, which is formed due to its heating by the gaseous combustion products passing through it.

Using the output signal of the λ-probe installed in the exhaust pipe of the combustion products removal system, the electronic control unit generates supply voltages for the air blower and the heater fuel pump, which ensure the optimal mode of combustion of the fuel-air mixture.

The supply of air prepared in the inlet air heating chamber to the combustion chamber inlet increases the combustion efficiency of the fuel-air mixture and the overall efficiency of the heater.

The electronic control unit ensures the optimum mode of heating the fuel in the vehicle tank, the vehicle fuel line, the vehicle fuel pump body, the vehicle battery, the coolant of the vehicle cooling system, the air in the Heating Object, the optimal charging of the vehicle battery, the optimal fuel consumption in the heater, as well as the generation of additional electrical energy that can be used for other needs.

The implementation of thermoelectric generator modules placed in a sealed thin-walled stainless steel case containing internal electrical insulating gaskets and filled with an inert gas, as well as the presence of individual spring compensatory clamps of thermoelectric generator modules installed on TEG heat exchangers, increases the reliability and service life of the Heater.

The proposed heater with a built-in thermoelectric generator is illustrated by schematic drawings shown in Fig. 1-4.

In FIG. 1 shows a schematic drawing of a heater with a built-in thermoelectric generator, a general view.

In FIG. 2 shows a schematic drawing of a heater with a built-in thermoelectric generator with air as a heat carrier, general view.

In FIG. 3 shows a schematic drawing of a heater with a built-in thermoelectric generator with a liquid medium as a heat carrier, general view.

In FIG. 4 shows the callout of element A in FIG. 2, 3.

The heater with built-in thermoelectric generator contains: burner device 1; device 2 for supplying air to the burner; thermoelectric generator (TEG) 3, combustion products removal system 4; fuel equipment 5; electronic control unit 6; means 7 for supplying coolant to the Heating Object, temperature sensors and electric heaters connected to the inputs of the electronic control unit 6. Thermoelectric generator (TEG) 3 is electrically connected through the control unit 6 to the vehicle battery 25. The burner device 1 contains: a combustion chamber 120, a nozzle 121, a candle 122 for igniting the fuel-air mixture. The plug 122 for igniting the air-fuel mixture can be a spark plug or a glow plug. In the exhaust pipe 125 of the combustion products removal system 4, a sensor 48 for the concentration of residual oxygen in the combustion products (λ-probe, Lambda probe) is installed, connected to the electronic control unit 6. The combustion chamber 120 is a monolithic thick-walled structure, the inner surface of which has a cylindrical shape , and the outer one is prismatic. Inside the combustion chamber 120 with an open part to the inlet of the flow of the fuel-air mixture, a dissecting cup 123 is installed, on the side and end surfaces of which holes of small diameter (up to 1 mm) are made. The burner 1 is installed inside the housing (not shown) of the heater.

The heater contains lines 8 for supplying electrical energy, bus 9 data and control.

The fuel equipment of the Heater contains a filter 130 of the fuel supply line of the burner, a fuel pump 131, a through fuel tank 132, fuel lines 133, 134 and 135. In some cases, the fuel equipment may contain an additional solenoid valve (not shown in the drawing) that provides connection or shutdown of the through-flow fuel tank 132 and the fuel pump 131, included in the break of the fuel line 134.

Thermoelectric generator (TEG) 3 contains thermoelectric generator modules (60 and 63), hot heat exchangers (61 and 65), cold heat exchangers (62 and 64), attachment points for thermogenerator modules with spring clamps to compensate for thermal expansion and electrical fittings (not shown in the drawing). shown).

Thermoelectric generator 3 may contain two sections. Section No. 1 of the TEG covers the outer side of the combustion chamber 120, section No. 2 of the TEG is installed on the exhaust pipe 125 of the system 4 for removing combustion products.

The hot heat exchanger 61 of section No. 1 of the TEG is a flat outer face of a thick-walled monolithic metal combustion chamber 120. The hot heat exchanger 65 of section No. 2 of the TEG is the outer cylindrical surface of the exhaust pipe 125 for removing combustion products from the exhaust manifold 124.

Cold heat exchangers 62 and 64 of the TEG of the Heater with a liquid heat carrier is a finned closed cavity, through the fins of which the heat removed from the hot junctions of the thermoelectric generator modules is discharged into the pumped coolant. If necessary, the outer surface of cold heat exchangers can be additionally thermally insulated.

Thermoelectric generator modules 60 of section No. 1 of the TEG consist of flat thermoelectric generator batteries placed in a sealed thin-walled stainless steel case containing internal electrical insulating gaskets and filled with an inert gas (not shown in the drawing).

Thermoelectric generator modules 63 of section No. 2 of the TEG consist of ring thermoelectric generator batteries placed in a cylindrical sealed thin-walled stainless steel case containing internal electrical insulating gaskets and filled with an inert gas (not shown in the drawing).

The spring clamp to compensate for thermal expansion for thermoelectric generator modules of section No. 1 of the TEG has a flat design, for thermoelectric generator modules of section No. 2 of the TEG it has an annular design (not shown in the drawing).

System 4 removal of combustion products includes an exhaust manifold 124 of the combustion chamber 120 and an exhaust pipe 125 for the removal of combustion products from the exhaust manifold 124. Structurally, the exhaust manifold 124 has a complex, preferably cone-shaped shape, providing pairing of the combustion chamber 120 and the exhaust pipe 125, and is located at the outlet combustion chamber 120. Consistently in the direction of the exhaust gases behind the exhaust manifold 124 is the exhaust pipe 125.

The electric heater 70 of the air supplied to the Heating Object is connected to the electronic control unit 6.

The device 2 for supplying air to the burner device 1 contains a blowing air fan 110, an inlet air manifold 111, a preheated air duct 112, an inlet air preheating chamber 113, an inlet air preheater 114, an inlet air pipe 115. The inlet air preheating chamber 113 is a closed cavity , through which the intake air fan 110 is pumped through the inlet air entering through the inlet air pipe 115 into the combustion chamber 120 of the burner. The heating of the incoming air is carried out by exhaust gases through the heat exchanger 114 for heating the inlet air. The heat exchanger 114 is located on the exhaust manifold 124 of the combustion chamber 120 or on the exhaust pipe 125 of the system 4 for removing combustion products behind section No. 2 of the TEG (not shown in the drawing).

The heated air duct 112 is connected at one end to the inlet air manifold 111, the other end to the inlet air preheating chamber 113, located around the inlet air preheater 114, which, in turn, is located on the exhaust manifold 124 of the combustion chamber 120 or the exhaust pipe 125 of the system 4 outlets of combustion products after section No. 2 of the TEG.

The electronic control unit 6 contains: power interface unit 140 for connecting the battery; power interface block 141 for connecting the outputs of sections No. 1 and No. 2 of the thermoelectric generator; high-voltage interface unit 142 power spark plugs of the air-fuel mixture; block 143 input interfaces of the sensors; power interface block 144 for connecting heaters, fans, valves and pumps; remote control 145 for control and indication of heater operation modes; block 146 additional power supply with a connector for the distribution of additional electricity; transceiver 147; the control controller 148 of the electronic control unit 6 of the Heater control, as well as additional electrical fittings. Additional electrical fittings include: a bus 149 of signals from sensors, a cable 150 for supplying heaters, fans, pumps and switches, a cable 151 of high-voltage pulsed voltage to the spark plug, power cables 152 of sections No. 1 and No. 2 of the thermoelectric generator, a power cable 153 for battery charging, cable 154 for controlling the liquid controlled valve, cable 155 for controlling the air mixer of the passenger compartment of the vehicle or another Heating Object, additional remote control 156, connecting connector 157.

Communication of the control controller 148 of the Heater with the sensors is carried out through the block 143 of the input interfaces of the sensors via the bus 149 signals from the sensors; control of power peripheral devices (electric heaters, pumps, fans) - through the power interface unit 144 through the power cable 150 for heaters, fans, pumps and switches.

By means of the power interface unit 141 for connecting the outputs of sections No. 1 and No. 2 of the thermoelectric generator and the cable 152, the generated electric voltage is converted, and the vehicle battery is recharged through the power interface unit 140 and the power cable 153.

The high-voltage power supply 142 and cable 151 provide ignition of the air-fuel mixture.

Using the control and indication panel 145 and an additional remote control 156, the operation of the Heater is controlled. The transceiver 147 provides automatic transmission of a radio signal containing information about the operation of the Heater and the malfunctions that have occurred in automatic mode at a specified interval. Through block 146, additional power supply to consumers is carried out, connecting connector 157 provides connection of sensors and equipment of the Heater in case it is performed outside the engine compartment of the Vehicle or another Heating Object.

The composition of the sensors that ensure the operation of the Heater includes: oxygen concentration sensor 48 (Lambda probe, λ probe), temperature sensor 49 of the heater's fuel pump housing, temperature sensors 50, 51, 53 of the fuel lines of the Heater, fuel temperature sensor 52 in the through fuel tank 132 Heater, fuel line filter sensor 56 Heater, TEG cold heat exchanger temperature sensor 55, vehicle battery temperature sensor 41.

The composition of the heating devices that ensure the operation of the Heater includes: electric heaters 71, 79, 82 of the fuel lines of the Heater, electric heater 80 of the fuel pump body of the Heater, electric heater 81 of the through-flow fuel tank of the Heater, electric heater 84 of the fuel filter of the Heater.

The heating devices that ensure the fulfillment of the requirements for the purpose of the Heater include: electric heaters 72 and 78 of the fuel lines of the vehicle, electric heater 73 of the battery, electric heater 74 of the LSS of the vehicle, electric heater 75 of oil in the crankcase of the engine of the vehicle, electric heater 76 of the body of the fuel pump of the vehicle, electric fuel heater 77 in the vehicle tank, electric heater 83 of the fuel line filter of the vehicle.

For the Heater with a liquid heat carrier, the composition of the heating devices includes an electric heater 70 of the passenger compartment air of the Vehicle or another Heating Object. In the case of using a liquid heat carrier, the means 7 for supplying the heat carrier to the Heating Object contains liquid pipelines 100, 102, 103, 104, a liquid controlled valve 101, a pump 105.

In the case of using air as a heat carrier, the composition of the means 7 for supplying the coolant to the Heating Object includes: a blowing air fan 90 of the coolant, an air fan 91 of the passenger compartment of the vehicle or another Heating Object, an inlet diffuser 92 of the air of the passenger compartment of the vehicle or another Heating Object, an air channel 93, inlet air duct 94 of the passenger compartment of the vehicle or other Heating Object, branch pipe 95 of the air supply, air controlled damper 96, outlet air duct 97 of the air of the passenger compartment of the vehicle or other Heating Object, as well as a liquid controlled valve 101, coolant pump 105.

The valve 101 and the pump 105 are connected to the break in the line of the vehicle cooling system through the liquid controlled valve 101, providing the pumping by means of the Heater of the cooling liquid of the coolant coolant of the vehicle, heated by electric heaters.

To maintain the requirements for the gas composition of the air in the Heating Object, ambient air is mixed through the air supply pipe 95 and the air controlled damper 96 into the air flow entering the inlet diffuser 92.

The ambient air inlet 95 for the Air Heater is located in such a way as to avoid entering the inlet air duct 97 of the air of the passenger compartment of the vehicle or other Exhaust gas heating object from the exhaust pipe 125 to remove combustion products from the exhaust manifold 124.

Electric heaters can be installed on the outer surfaces of the heated units or built into the heated units.

Heating Objects can be: or TS units, and/or TS compartments, and/or stationary premises, and/or temporary premises.

In an air heater with a built-in thermoelectric generator, pre-heating is provided to facilitate the start of an internal combustion engine, heating and creating comfortable conditions in the vehicle compartments or other Heating Objects at low ambient temperatures is carried out by creating a heated air flow with simultaneous generation of electrical energy from the air flow heating source.

In a liquid heater with a built-in thermoelectric generator, pre-start heating is provided to facilitate the start of thermal engines, heating and creating comfortable conditions in the Heating Objects at low ambient temperatures are carried out by heating and pumping the coolant through the vehicle cooling system and the liquid-air radiator of the vehicle interior heater or liquid-air a heat exchanger installed at another Heating Object, with simultaneous generation of electrical energy from a source of heating the liquid heat carrier.

A heater with a thermoelectric generator is permanently installed either in the engine compartment of the Vehicle or in another Heating Object (built-in heater), or is a portable (mobile) device not structurally connected with the Heating Object (separate heater).

The built-in Heater does not have a connecting connector 157, and the temperature sensor 40 of the temperature of the heated air of the passenger compartment of the vehicle or another Heating Object, the temperature sensor 41 of the battery of the vehicle, the sensor 42 of the coolant temperature of the LSS of the vehicle, the sensor 43 of the temperature of the oil in the crankcase of the engine of the vehicle, the sensor 44 of the temperature of the body of the fuel pump of the vehicle , fuel line temperature sensors 45, 46, vehicle fuel temperature sensor 47 in fuel tank 31, vehicle fuel line filter temperature sensor 56 33, as well as electric heaters 72 and 78 of the fuel line of the vehicle, electric battery heater 73, electric heater 74 LSS TS, electric heater 75 of oil in the crankcase of the vehicle engine, electric heater 76 of the body of the fuel pump of the vehicle, electric heater 77 of the fuel in the tank of the vehicle, electric heater 83 of the filter of the fuel line of the vehicle are permanently connected directly to the electronic control unit 6. The pipelines 100, 104, the liquid controlled valve 101, the coolant pump 105 are constantly included in the rupture of the vehicle cooling system line, ensuring the pumping of the liquid coolant through the heater.

For the built-in Heater with air coolant, the air duct 94 of the air supplied to the passenger compartment of the vehicle is attached at one end to the outlet flange of the air duct of the Heater, and at the other end is included in the rupture of the air duct of the ventilation system of the vehicle interior.

In the portable Heater, the temperature sensor 40 of the heated air of the passenger compartment of the vehicle or another Heating Object, the temperature sensor 41 of the battery of the vehicle, the sensor 42 of the coolant temperature of the LSS of the vehicle, the sensor 43 of the oil temperature in the engine crankcase of the vehicle, the temperature sensor 44 of the body of the fuel pump of the vehicle, temperature sensors 45, 46 fuel line, fuel temperature sensor 47 of the vehicle in the fuel tank 31, temperature sensor 56 of the filter 33 of the fuel line of the vehicle, as well as electric heaters 72 and 78 of the fuel line of the vehicle, electric heater 73 battery, electric heater 74 LSS TS, electric heater 75 oil in the crankcase of the vehicle engine, electric heater 76 of the fuel pump body of the vehicle, electric heater 77 of the fuel in the tank of the vehicle, electric heater 83 of the filter of the fuel line of the vehicle are connected to the electronic control unit 6 through the connector 157. Pipelines 100, 104, liquid controlled valve 101, coolant pump 105 connect to r rupture of the line of the vehicle cooling system with flexible hoses with quick-release non-spill connectors (BRNS).

For a portable Heater with an air coolant, the air duct 94 of the air supplied to the passenger compartment of the vehicle is attached at one end to the outlet flange of the Heater air channel, and at the other end is fixed in the Heating Object.

Sensor signal bus 149, power cable 150 for heaters, fans, pumps, and switches, high voltage pulse voltage cable 151 to spark plug, power cable 152 for thermoelectric generator sections and battery charging power cable 153, additional control cable 154 for liquid controlled valve, and additional cable 155 for controlling the interior air mixer of the vehicle or another Heating Object is connected to the destination devices installed on the vehicle units (battery 25, radiator 26 of the vehicle cooling system, engine 27 of the vehicle and its parts 28, 29, fuel line 32, pump 30 and tank 31 TC) and electronic control unit 6.

The air fan 91 of the Heating Object, the electric heater 70 of the air of the Heating Object (for a liquid heater) and the temperature sensor 40 of the heated air of the Heating Object are installed in a separate localized volume, excluding the ingress of combustion products formed during the operation of the Heater into this volume, while the air fan 91 of the Heating Object , the air temperature sensor 40 of the Heating Object, as well as the electric heater 70 of the air of the Heating Object for the liquid Heater are structurally removed from the Heater housing.

The Fluid Heater Fan 91 is structurally integrated with the electric heater 70 and is located inside the passenger compartment of the Vehicle or other Heating Object at an arbitrary location.

The fan 91 for the Heater with air coolant is located at the outlet of the air duct 94 of the air of the Heating Object.

Temperature control inside the Heating Object is carried out using a remote control panel 156.

The proposed heater with built-in thermoelectric generator operates as follows.

By switching the switch on the control and indication panel 145 to the “On” position or by a radio start signal from the output of the transceiver 147 via cable 153 from the battery TS 25, voltage is applied to the input of the interface unit 140, the Heater is started into operation, while the control controller 148 is sequentially launched and checking the residual capacity of the battery TS 25 and transmitting a signal by the transceiver 147 to turn on the Heater.

If necessary, the control signal from the interface unit 144 turns on the solenoid valve (not shown in the drawing), which connects the through-flow fuel tank 132 and the fuel pump 131 of the Heater to the break in the fuel line of the vehicle.

In case of insufficient capacity of the battery TS 25, the control and indication panel 145 displays information about the impossibility of starting the Heater and the corresponding signal is transmitted by the transceiver 147.

When the battery 25 is sufficiently charged, the operability of the interface units 140-144 is checked, the operability of the sensors 48-53, the coolant temperature sensor 54 for the Heater with liquid heat carrier or the heating air temperature sensor 55, the oxygen concentration sensor 48, electric heaters 71, 72, 73 , 74, 75, 76, 77, 78.79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, fans 91, 110 for Fluid Heater or fans 90, 91,110 for Air Heater, pumps 105, 131, air controlled dampers 96, checking the serviceability of thermoelectric generator sections.

If the test result is negative, the control panel and display 145 displays information about the faulty node and transmits a radio signal with information about the faulty node.

If the test result is positive, the transceiver 147 transmits the corresponding radio signal, and then the electric power of the battery 25 is supplied through the interface blocks 140 and 144 to the electric heaters 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78.79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84.

The power supply of electric heaters is pulsed. Depending on the residual charge level of the battery TS 25, the duty cycle of the pulse sequence of the supply voltage generated by the control controller 148 may be different for different heaters.

First of all, the level of fuel temperature necessary for igniting the fuel-air mixture in the through fuel tank 132 and fuel lines 133 and 135 is provided, and secondly, in the fuel lines and the fuel tank of the vehicle. In case of low residual charge level of the battery, the electric heaters of the fuel line of the vehicle and the fuel in the fuel tank of the vehicle can be energized after the TEG of the Heater enters the mode of stable electric generation.

Temperature control of heated units is carried out by temperature sensors 40-48. The heaters are controlled by the control controller 148 according to the current consumption of each heater. In the event of an accident on any of the heaters, the transceiver 147 generates and transmits a radio signal containing information about the type of accident and the emergency node.

When the fuel temperature necessary for igniting the fuel-air mixture in the through tank 132 and fuel lines 133 and 135 is reached, the electronic control unit 6 electric heaters 78-84 provides the mode of maintaining the required temperature, the supply voltage is supplied from the battery TS 25 to the air blower fan 110 and the fuel pump 131, as a result of which a fuel-air mixture is formed at the inlet to the combustion chamber 120 by the nozzle 121 of the blower fan 110.

Monitoring the performance of the blower fan 110 and the fuel pump 131 is carried out in the electronic control unit 6 for consumption currents.

After the formation of the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber 120, a high-voltage pulse sequence is supplied from the output of the interface power supply unit of the spark plug 142 of the fuel-air mixture, which ensures its ignition by the spark plug 122. When using a glow plug, a constant voltage is applied from the output of block 142.

Combustion of the fuel-air mixture is controlled by the TEG output voltage

In the event of a breakdown in the combustion of the fuel-air mixture, the control controller closes the solenoid valve of the fuel line 134 and the transmission of a signal of the breakdown of combustion by the transceiver 147.

Simultaneously with the ignition of the fuel-air mixture by the electronic control unit 6, using the liquid control valve 101, the coolant pump 105 is turned on, the liquid lines 102 and 103 of the Heater with liquid heat carrier are connected to the liquid line of the vehicle or the air blower 90 for the air heater.

During the operation of the Heater, the fuel stored in the through-flow fuel tank of the Heater 132 is supplemented by refilling or fuel coming from the fuel tank TC 31.

As the fuel-air mixture burns in the combustion chamber 120, the temperature of the hot heat exchangers 61, 65 of the TEG 3 sections rises, a temperature difference is formed between the hot and cold sides of the thermoelectric generator modules 60, 63, which causes the generation of electric energy.

As the temperature difference between the hot and cold sides of the thermoelectric generator modules 60, 63 increases, the amount of electrical energy generated increases.

When the output voltage of the TEG reaches the lower threshold level, a pulsed charging current of the battery TS 25 is formed in the power interface unit 140.

Constantly, in the process of charging the battery TS 25, the electronic control unit 6 monitors the battery charge level and sets the optimal duty cycle of the charging current.

When the battery TC 25 reaches a sufficient level of charge, for example, not less than 80% of the full charge level of the battery, the electronic control unit 6 supplies a pulsed voltage to the electric heaters 72.78 of the fuel line of the vehicle, the electric heater 73 of the battery, the electric heater 74 of the SZhO TS, electric heater 75 of oil in the crankcase of the vehicle engine, electric heater 76 of the fuel pump of the vehicle, electric heater 77 of the fuel in the tank of the vehicle.

If necessary, the control controller 148 additionally turns on the air fan 91 of the passenger compartment of the vehicle or another Heating Object.

The setting of the required air temperature in the passenger compartment of the Vehicle or another Heating Object is provided through the control panel 145 and indication of the Heater operation modes or via a radio channel through a transceiver 147 or through an additional remote control 156.

The required temperature in the vehicle cabin or other Heating Object is provided for the Heater with a liquid heat carrier by adjusting the electric heater 70 on the signal of the temperature sensor 40 and the air fan 91 and supplying heated air through the air inlet duct 94 of the vehicle cabin or other Heating Object.

In a heater with an air coolant, to control the air temperature and partially update it in the cabin of the vehicle or the Heating Object, a controlled air damper 96 is used, with the help of which cold air is mixed into the air stream entering the inlet of the blowing air fan 90 at the outlet through the air supply pipe 95. to the air duct 97 of the passenger compartment air of the vehicle or the Heating Object.

The optimal composition of the fuel-air mixture for the current values of temperature and air humidity is provided by regulating the air flow by controlling the speed of rotation of the blower fan 110 and the fuel consumption by controlling the fuel pump of the Heater 131. The formation of the optimal composition of the fuel-air mixture is carried out according to the signals of the sensor 48 of the residual oxygen concentration in exhaust gases.

Temperature control of the battery TS 25, coolant of the LLS TS in the radiator 26 of the LLS TS, oil in the crankcase of the engine TS 29, the temperature of the fuel pump housing TS 30, the fuel line TS 32, the fuel of the vehicle in the fuel tank 31, as well as the temperature of the fuel equipment of the Heater - fuel lines 133,135, filter 130 and fuel pump 131, the fuel in the through fuel tank 132 is provided by the signals of the temperature sensors 49-57.

The control of non-exceedance of the coolant temperature in cold TEG heat exchangers 62, 64 of the maximum allowable values is provided by coolant temperature sensors 54 at the TEG outlet for the Heater with liquid coolant and temperature sensor 55 for the Heater with air coolant. If the temperature of cold heat exchangers is close to critical, then the control controller reduces the supply of fuel-air mixture to the combustion chamber, which leads to a decrease in the amount of heat passing through the TEG and to a decrease in temperature on the cold heat exchanger.

When the temperatures of the battery TC 25, the coolant in the radiator 26, the oil in the engine crankcase 29, the fuel in the fuel tank TC 31 reach the required values, the electronic control unit 6 increases the duty cycle of the supply voltage of the corresponding electric heater 72-78. If necessary, the duty cycle of the supply voltage of the electric heaters of the fuel equipment of the Heater 71, 79-84 is also changed. In addition, when the battery TS 25 approaches the level of full charge, the electronic control unit 6 increases the duty cycle of the pulsed charge current.

The released electrical energy can be used to increase the intensity of heating the air in the vehicle cabin or the Heating Object, or transferred through the connector of the additional power supply unit 146 to other additional consumers.

In the event that, with a decrease in the average power supply of electric heaters 71-84, excess electric power generation is not required, the electronic control unit 6 additionally reduces the air flow by the blower fan 110 and the fuel supply by the fuel pump 131 of the Heater while maintaining the residual oxygen in the exhaust gases at zero or close to zero.

If it is necessary to increase the generated electric power or the temperatures of the battery TC 25, the coolant in the radiator 26, the oil in the crankcase 27 of the TC engine, the fuel in the fuel tank TC 30, as well as the units 130-135 of the fuel equipment of the Heater, the electronic control unit 6 increases the air supply to the fan 110 and the fuel supply by the fuel pump 131, which leads to an increase in the calorific value of the fuel-air mixture and an increase in the generated electrical energy.

When the switch on the control panel and indication of operating modes 145 is switched to the “Off” position or a radio signal arrives to turn off the Heater of the output of the transceiver 147, the fuel pump 131, the blower fan 110, the coolant pump 105 are turned off. 104 LSS of the vehicle engine, transceiver 147 transmits a radio signal about the successful shutdown of the Heater, the control voltage of the electronic control unit 6 is removed.

For a remote Heater, it is necessary to manually disconnect the means of supplying the heat carrier to the Heating Object 7 and connecting connector 157.

The present invention relates to auxiliary means for heating and facilitating the start of internal combustion engines and can be used with any vehicles containing a heat engine, both in the form of a built-in preheater, and as a separate portable device, with virtually no limitation of operating time, subject to periodic replenishment of the fuel tank of the vehicle or the through-flow fuel tank of the starting preheater with the built-in thermoelectric generator.

The invention can be used as a heater for saloons, cabins, vans and compartments of various vehicles, premises, both stationary and easily erected, foldable and transportable, as well as tents, sheds and other structures used for living in the field.

Claims (14)

1. A heater with a built-in thermoelectric generator, containing: a burner; device for supplying air to the burner; fuel equipment; electronic control unit; thermoelectric generator (TEG), electrically connected through the control unit with the vehicle battery (TS); combustion products removal system; means for supplying the coolant to the heating object, temperature sensors and electric heaters connected to the inputs of the electronic control unit, characterized in that it contains a residual oxygen concentration sensor in the combustion products (λ-probe, Lambda probe) connected to the electronic control unit, installed in the exhaust branch pipe of the combustion products removal system, and a burner device, consisting of a combustion chamber, a nozzle, a candle for igniting the fuel-air mixture; at the same time, the combustion chamber is a monolithic thick-walled structure, the inner surface of which has a cylindrical shape, the outer surface is prismatic; and inside the combustion chamber, with an open part to the inlet of the fuel-air mixture flow, a dissecting cup is installed, on the side and end surfaces of which holes are made. 2. The heater according to claim. 1, characterized in that the fuel equipment contains: fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel lines, fuel line filter to supply the burner. 3. The heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the TEG contains: thermoelectric generator modules, spring temperature compensation fasteners, cold heat exchanger, electrical fittings. 4. The heater according to claim 3, characterized in that the TEG contains the first section, including thermoelectric generator modules installed on the outer surface of the combustion chamber, having a flat design and placed in a sealed thin-walled stainless steel case containing internal electrical insulating gaskets and filled with an inert gas . 5. The heater according to claim 3, characterized in that the TEG contains a second section, including thermoelectric generator modules installed on the exhaust pipe of the combustion products removal system, having an annular design and placed in a sealed thin-walled stainless steel case containing internal electrical insulating gaskets and filled with inert gas. 6. The heater according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an electric heater of the air supplied to the heating object connected to the electronic control unit. 7. The heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for supplying air to the burner device contains: an air blower, an inlet air manifold, a heated air duct, a heat exchanger for heating the inlet air, an inlet air pipe. 8. Heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the electronic control unit contains: power interface blocks for connecting: batteries, TEG outputs, heaters, fans, valves and pumps; high-voltage interface power supply for the ignition plug of the air-fuel mixture; blocks of input interfaces of sensors and additional power supply with a connector for distributing additional power; the control controller of the device for monitoring and controlling the operation of the heater; control panel and indication of heater operating modes; additional remote control; transceiver; cables and electrical fittings. 9. The heater according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains: a temperature sensor of the heated air of the heating object, a temperature sensor of the heater fuel pump body, a temperature sensor of the fuel line of the heater, a temperature sensor of the filter of the fuel line supplying the burner device of the heater, a temperature sensor of the through-flow fuel tank, TEG cold heat exchanger temperature sensor, vehicle battery temperature sensor, vehicle battery electric heater, vehicle fuel pump electric heater, vehicle fuel electric heater in the vehicle tank, vehicle fuel line electric heater, vehicle fuel line filter electric heater. 10. The heater according to claim 1, characterized in that air is used as a heat carrier for heating the heating object, while air radiators are used as cold heat exchangers of the TEG, providing heating of the coolant, while the heater additionally contains an electric heater of the liquid cooling system (LCS ) TS installed in the liquid radiator of the TS, and the means of supplying the coolant to the object of heating includes: an inlet air diffuser of the object of heating, an air channel, an inlet air duct of the object of heating, an air supply pipe, an air controlled damper that provides mixing of cold ambient air through the supply pipe air into the air stream entering the inlet of the blowing air fan. 11. Heater according to claim 1, characterized in that a liquid coolant of the type of coolant (coolant) of an internal combustion engine (ICE) of the vehicle is used as a heat carrier for heating the heating object, while liquid radiators are used as cold heat exchangers of the TEG, providing heating of the coolant , the heater additionally contains an electric air heater of the heating object, and the means for supplying the coolant to the heating object contains: a pump for pumping coolant in the heater and the engine of the vehicle, pipelines for pumping coolant in the heater and pipeline fittings. 12. Heater according to claim 10, characterized in that electric heaters are installed on the outer surfaces of the heated units. 13. Heater according to claim 10, characterized in that electric heaters are built into the heated units. 14. The heater according to claim. 1, characterized in that the object of heating are: either units of the vehicle, and / or compartments of the vehicle, and / or stationary premises, and / or temporary premises.

Images