RU2782055C1 - Body of the habitable apparatus for deep-sea diving - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: sports equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices designed for swimming underwater and diving to great depths. The body of the habitable deep-sea diving apparatus consists of an internal impermeable body and an external permeable body. The impenetrable body is made prestressed by a cable system external to it or a support shell.

EFFECT: reduction of compressive stresses appearing in an impermeable body during deep-sea diving is achieved.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices designed for swimming under water and diving to great depths.

Existing deep-sea diving devices usually have two hulls cylindrical in cross section: outer and inner [1].

The inner hull - to accommodate the crew and related devices - is made of a special material that can withstand significant external influences. The outer case serves to protect against mechanical damage various kinds of communications located between the inner and outer case. In this case, the outer casing is permeable and the water pressure on the outer and inner surfaces of the outer casing is the same. In addition, the outer casing gives additional rigidity to the inner casing.

Another example is the bathyscaphe (Diomidov M.N., Dmitriev A.N. Underwater vehicles. Leningrad.: Shipbuilding. 1966.). It consists of a light body - a float filled with a filler lighter than water (gasoline) and a steel ball - a gondola, which houses the crew, control equipment, air regeneration system, etc. The float also contains ballast tanks and batteries. The buoyancy of the bathyscaphe is regulated by dropping solid ballast and releasing gasoline from the shunting tank.

The disadvantage of the existing design is the limited depth of immersion. To increase the depth of immersion, you must either:

a) reduce the diameter of the inner case (in this case, the performance data deteriorates and the device will not be able to perform the tasks assigned to it);

b) increase the thickness of the inner hull (increasing the wall thickness over 100 mm is impossible for technical reasons);

c) the search for new materials with a high value of the shear modulus G and a low value of Poisson's ratio μ (so far, these indicators for the hard alloys used are not very high compared to ordinary steel).

The claimed object contains an impermeable body, made pre-tensioned by external devices in relation to it.

The technical result obtained in the implementation of the proposed object is to reduce the compressive stresses that appear in the impermeable housing during deep diving.

Limiting features: outer permeable body and inner impervious body.

Distinctive features: internal permeable shells with tension devices on the internal impermeable casing.

The causal relationship between the set of essential features of the claimed object and the achieved technical result is as follows.

With the help of a cable system connecting the inner and outer hulls or permeable shells having a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the impermeable hull, a tensile stress state of a certain magnitude is created, which, when submerged, reduces the compressive stresses caused in the capsule by the external pressure of the surrounding water. If necessary, a system of shells of a larger diameter than the former can be used, stretching the latter with similar bolted connections, and thereby increasing the tensile force of the capsule surface.

In FIG. Figures 1 and 2 show the schemes of devices and the results of numerical calculations. In FIG. 1a shows the external diagram of a device with one penetrating support shell; in fig. 1b - fragment of the surface in the longitudinal direction; in fig. 1c - fastening of the penetrating support shell to the capsule body; in fig. 1d - scheme for calculating the device. In FIG. Figure 2 shows a diagram of the stretching of the inner body by a rope system (Fig. 2a) and the results of calculations (Fig. 2b).

Housing for deep diving habitable vehicle consists of an inner impermeable housing 1, a permeable support shell 2 (several shells or a cable system), an outer permeable housing 3, tension elements 4 (Fig. 1, 2).

Device operation.

The impermeable body 1 is resiliently stretched by the tension elements 4 through the supporting permeable shell 2, which create a prestressed state of tension in the walls of the capsule.

When submerging a deep submersible, water penetrates through the outer casing 3 and shells 2 to the impermeable casing 1, exerting all-round compression in the walls of the casing. But, since the walls of the hull previously had a stressed state of tension, the magnitude of the compressive stresses in the walls of the hull will be less than if the underwater vehicle did not have a preliminary tensile load, and, therefore, it is possible to carry out accident-free diving to great depths. The permeable support shell can be hoops of various widths located at a calculated distance along the capsule, if it is cylindrical.

Let us give an example of the calculation of the submarine hull in the case of using a permeable support shell. In view of symmetry, we consider in cross section a part of the ring with a central angle α (Fig. 1d), bearing in mind that the next bolt in the section is at a distance corresponding to the angle 2α, we will assume that there is no movement along x ₃ , that is, a flat deformed state, according to which U ₃ =0, σ ₃₁ =σ ₃₂ =0; ε _13x =ε ₂₃ =ε ₃₃ =0, where U3 - displacement along the x ₃ coordinate, σ _ij - stresses; ε _ij - deformations. In FIG. 1d: I - the shell of the impermeable body, II - the area filled with water, in which the pressure is equal to the external one, III - the supporting permeable shell.

In accordance with the linear theory of elasticity in the Euler coordinate system, we write the following equations:

1. Balance equation

2. Equation of state (Hooke's law)

3. Mass conservation equation

where G is the shear modulus, k is the compression volume factor, σ is the gyrostatic stress; tensor notation is adopted (summation over repeated indices i, j;

Boundary conditions (Fig. 1d)

Here P ₀ is the pressure in the habitable vehicle, P ₁ is the water pressure, P ₂ is the pressure on S ₉ , P ₃ is the pressure on S ₁₁ . The pressure P ₂ is formalized as the tensile pressure exerted on the body through the bolted connection 4 (Fig. 1c), P ₃ is the pressure of the nut of the bolted connection (Fig. 1c) on the surface S ₁₁ of the permeable support shell.

The solution of system (1, 2, 3), taking into account the boundary conditions (4), was carried out numerically using algorithms [2] and programs [3].

Results of the problem solution.

Accepted: R=5000 mm; H ₁ =70 mm; H ₂ =20 mm; Δ=5 mm; d _b =40 mm; d _w \u003d 80 mm; α=2.9°. Immersion depth 1000 m.

Here R is the inner radius of the impermeable shell, H ₁ is the thickness of the impermeable shell, H ₂ is the thickness of the permeable support shell, Δ is the gap between shells 1 and 3, d _b is the diameter of the bolt, d _w is the diameter of the washer, material (alloy "AK- 32"): G=18000 kg/ ^mm2 , k=0.0139.

For simplicity, it is assumed that the impermeable body, the permeable sheath and the bolt are made of the same material.

On the lower boundary, we accept that when tightening in the bolt cross section, the tensile stress will be σ _b \u003d 5 kg / mm ² , then on the washer, with given dimensions, the average pressure will be 3 times less. Hence, we get: P ₂ \u003d σ _b -P ₁ ; P ₃ \u003d σ _w + R ₁ ;

In FIG. 2b shows some calculation results for P ₀ =0.01 kg/mm ² , P ₁ =1 kg/mm ² , P ₂ =4 kg/mm ² , P ₃ =2.6 kg/mm ² .

The highest compressive stress is σ ₂₂ . The dotted line shows the diagram σ ₂₂ across the section of the impermeable shell, when the submarine has only the outer and inner hulls (as in the prototype). It is approximately the same throughout the cross section and is 43 kg/mm ² (the numbers in Fig. 2b are given in kg/mm ² ).

The solid lines in Fig. 2b shows diagrams of σ ₂₂ along the section of the body in the presence of a supporting permeable shell. We see that the compressive stresses σ ₂₂ is much less (in absolute value) by the proposed method using a penetrating shell than by the method and device of the prototype.

LITERATURE

1. Barabanov N.V. The design of ship hulls: Shipbuilding, 1985. - 540 p.

2. Odinokov V.I., Kaplunov B.G., Peskov A.V., Bakov A.A. Mathematical modeling of complex technological processes. M.: Nauka, 2008. - 176 p.

3. Certificate of state registration of the computer program No. 2012661389. ODYSSEY // Odinokov V.I., Prokudin A.N., Sergeeva A.M., Sevastyanov G.M. Registered in the Register of Computer Programs on 12/13/2012.

Claims (4)

1. Housing habitable apparatus for deep diving, consisting of an inner impermeable housing and an outer permeable housing, characterized in that the impermeable housing is made prestressed in tension by an external cable system or support shell. 2. The housing according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer surface of the impermeable housing is encircled with a gap by a permeable support shell provided with devices for stretching the surface of the impermeable capsule. 3. The housing according to claim 2, characterized in that metal hoops located along the apparatus, equipped with a device that stretches the surface of the impermeable housing, can be used as a permeable support shell. 4. Housing according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner and outer housings of the apparatus are interconnected by a system of ropes having tension mechanisms.

Images