RU2781397C1 - System for determining the optical characteristics of a precious stone - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: testing.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a system for inspecting precious stones and determining the optical characteristics of precious stones. Claimed system for inspecting and determining the optical characteristics of precious stones comprises the following: a first and a second integrating spheres, wherein the integrating spheres are in optical communication with each other and have a dividing section located between the spheres; a first light source engaged with the first sphere and lighting the inside of the first sphere, and a second light source engaged with the second sphere and lighting the inside of the second sphere; at least one apparatus for obtaining an optical image in communication with the inside of one of the spheres for obtaining an optical image of the precious stone located in the area between the spheres; a transparent platform for supporting the precious stone between the two integrating spheres; a control module in communication with the apparatus for obtaining an optical image for controlling the process of obtaining optical images of diamonds, wherein said optical image of the precious stone is processed by a processor in order to determine one or multiple optical characteristics of the precious stone; a mechanical lever controlled by the control module for delivering the precious stone from outside of the integrating spheres to the platform so as to support the precious stone between the two integrating spheres; and a mobile door located on the dividing section, configured to open to allow movement of the precious stone to and from the support platform by a mechanical lever.

EFFECT: provided system for inspecting a precious stone and determining the optical properties of a precious stone, namely, system for determining the category of colour and purity of a precious stone, in particular, of a diamond.

20 cl, 9 dwg

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY TO WHICH THE INVENTION RELATES

The present invention relates to a system for viewing gemstones and determining the optical characteristics of gemstones. More specifically, the present invention provides a system for determining the optical characteristics of a diamond.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Gemstones, especially diamonds, are key ingredients used in luxury goods, particularly jewelry, and can be very valuable. The value of a diamond depends on several physical properties of the diamond.

There are four generally accepted standards used to rate the quality of a diamond, commonly known as the 4Cs, namely clarity, color, cut and carat weight.

Color category

For a diamond, with the exception of the color of a diamond, which can be a specific or fancy color, the value of a diamond is highly dependent on what is known as its colorlessness. The more colorless the diamond, the higher it is.

For example, the American Gemological Institute (GIA) has a D to Z color scale, for which the D grade denotes a diamond that is completely colorless, and varies up to the Z grade, which denotes a diamond that has a significant amount of unwanted color.

Fig. 9a illustrates the Gemological Institute of America (GIA) color chart on which color grading is applied, with degrees shown from colorless to light.

While human visual recognition of the different colors of a diamond is not particularly sensitive, particularly for diamonds of similar grades, only a slight change in color can significantly affect the value of a diamond.

Several factors contribute to the color of a diamond, with the most common and important factor being impurities within the diamond. Impurities can easily be introduced during the diamond formation process. Nitrogen is the most common impurity found in natural diamonds that produces an unwanted yellow color. The higher the nitrogen content of a diamond, the deeper the color and therefore the lower the color category of the stone. Boron can also affect the color of a diamond, but is less common. Boron diamonds are light blue in color. There are other impurities that also affect the color of a diamond, but they are rare.

In addition to impurities, vacancy defects within the diamond also contribute to the color of the diamond. There are various forms of vacancies, such as an isolated vacancy, a complex of multivacancies, and a vacancy combined with impurities, etc.

In some diamonds, due to the environmental pressure conditions during the formation process deep in the earth, the carbon atoms may not form perfect tetrahedral structures, and the tetrahedral structures may deform. Such crystal deformation residues in a natural diamond can also cause discoloration. For diamond color assessment, the most accepted industry standard and practice for diamond color determination is trained human eyes.

Using the GIA as an example, color grading personnel are trained over several months using standard reference stones from a set of reference stones with different color categories. In addition, during the color grading process, the graded diamond is compared in close proximity to reference stones in a controlled environment.

The controlled environment is a standard light box with white tiles to place behind the reference stones and a diamond for examination as a background. In this standardized environment, it is possible to categorize a diamond's color by assigning it to a reference stone of the closest color.

The diamond is typically viewed from below at an angle of about 45 degrees to the pavilion, with the color sorter generally looking in the direction of the diamond seat.

Re-training of color sorters is applied so that different sorters can reproduce the same evaluation results in order to ensure uniformity and consistency between personnel in determining the color category. Although this color grading process is widely used and in accordance with these strict color grading procedures, the reliability and repeatability of the color grading methodology is still subject to inconsistencies, and such inconsistencies can lead to incorrect grading, which can adversely affect the value of a diamond.

purity scale

For example, the Gemological Institute of America (GIA) has a purity scale as shown in FIG. 9b.

To assess the clarity of a diamond, it is necessary to determine the number, size and position of defects within the stone.

From the conditions of diamond formation underground to the applied processes performed by a person on a diamond, various defects can form.

Inside the body of a diamond, there may be impurities, voids and cracks, which are considered internal defects. On the surface of a diamond, there may be underpolished bumps and scratches, which are considered external defects.

These internal and external characteristics are also important in relation to a diamond, as they may be one of the unique identification marks or "birthmarks" that can be used to identify a diamond.

Currently, the most accepted practice for determining the clarity of a diamond is with trained human eyes at 10x microscope magnification. Gemologists are trained over several months on standard samples with various types of defects so that the stone, when evaluated by different people, reproduces the same evaluation result.

However, even with standardized training and evaluation procedures, repeatability cannot be guaranteed due to inevitable human subjective judgment.

The evaluation of the same diamond by the same person at different times may also result in different clarity grades being applied to the same diamond. Due to the fatigue of human vision, different judgments can be made about the same diamond before and after the evaluation of many different stones.

Therefore, even trained and experienced professional gemologists still have difficulty ensuring repeatability in grading clarity.

The task of the invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide a system for viewing a gemstone and determining the optical properties of a gemstone, and more specifically, a system useful for categorizing the color and clarity of a gemstone, in particular a diamond, that overcomes or at least partially eliminates at least some disadvantages associated with the prior art.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A system for viewing and determining the optical characteristics of gemstones, said system including first and second integrating spheres, where each integrating sphere is in optical communication with each other and has a separating section located between them, the first light source coupled to the first sphere and for providing light to the inside of the first sphere, and a second light source coupled to the second sphere, and for providing light to the inside of the second sphere; at least one optical imaging device in communication with the inside of one of the spheres to obtain an optical image of a gem located in the region between the spheres; a transparent platform to support the gem between two integrating spheres; and a control module in communication with the optical imaging device for controlling optical imaging of gemstones, wherein said optical image of the gemstone is processed by the processor to determine one or more optical characteristics of the gemstone.

The internal parts of the integrating spheres are coated with a diffuse reflective coating so that the light rays incident on any point of the inner surface are distributed evenly over all other points by multiple scattering reflections, and the influences of the original direction of the light sources are minimized.

The system may further include a mechanical arm controlled by the control module for delivering a gem from outside the integrating spheres to a gem support platform between the two integrating spheres.

The mechanical arms allow vertical movement to grab and release the gem, and rotation around the axis to move the gem from one position to another.

The system may further include a movable door located on the separating portion that is configured to open to allow the gemstone to be moved to and from the support platform by a mechanical lever.

The system may include one of a variety of optical imaging devices in communication with the interior of at least one of the spheres.

The system may include a first optical imaging device in communication with the interior of the first sphere at the pole of the sphere.

The system may include an additional optical imaging device in communication with the interior of the second sphere at the pole of the sphere.

The system may include one or more optical imaging devices for acquiring a lateral gemstone image, wherein the one or more optical imaging devices acquire said lateral gemstone image through an opening extending through the separating portion.

The system may include one or more optical imaging devices for oblique imaging of the gemstone, wherein the one or more optical imaging devices are directed toward the gemstone and tilted to an axis passing through the poles of the spheres.

One or more optical imaging devices may be directed towards the gem and tilted at an angle ranging from 40 degrees to 50 degrees to an axis passing through the poles of the spheres.

At least one optical imaging device may be located at a distance from the gem in the range of 100 mm to 300 mm.

At least one optical imaging device may be located at a distance of about 200 mm from the gemstone.

At least one optical imaging device may be located at a distance from the gemstone in the range of 20 mm to 100 mm.

The light sources preferably provide the specified predetermined constant level of light with a color temperature of 6500 K.

The light source may be selected from the group including an LED (light emitting diode) light source, a xenon lamp light source, and an incandescent lamp light source, and a fluorescent lamp light source, solar simulator or the like.

The platform may be rotatable about a central axis extending between the poles of the spheres and within the system of integrating spheres, and rotates the gem about the central axis so that a plurality of optical images of the gem can be acquired by at least one of the acquisition devices. optical image.

The optical imaging device is a digital camera. The optical imaging device may be monochrome or polychrome.

The system may provide a determination of the color of the gemstone, or may provide a determination of the clarity of the gemstone.

Preferably, the gemstone is a diamond.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to obtain a more accurate understanding of the above invention, a more specific description of the invention, briefly described above, will be presented with reference to specific embodiments of its implementation, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The drawings presented herein may not be drawn to scale, and any reference to dimensions in the drawings or in the following description is specific to the disclosed embodiments.

Fig. 1a shows a schematic representation of the system according to the present invention;

Figures 1b-1d show schematic representations of the system of FIG. 1, where a gemstone, in this example a diamond, moves from the outside into a system of integrating spheres;

Fig. 2 shows a schematic plan view of an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an integrating sphere system according to the present invention;

Fig. 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of an integrating sphere system according to the present invention;

Fig. 5 shows a reference photographic representation of a separating portion in a preferred embodiment according to the present invention;

Fig. 6 shows a reference photographic representation of an optical imaging apparatus in a preferred embodiment according to the present invention;

Fig. 7 shows a reference photographic representation of a mechanical arm assembly in a preferred embodiment according to the present invention;

Fig. 8 shows an enlarged reference photographic representation of the claw portion of a mechanical arm in a preferred embodiment according to the present invention; and

Fig. 9a shows the Gemological Institute of America (GIA) color scale that is used to determine the color category, with categories shown from colorless to light; fig. 9b shows that the American Gemological Institute (GIA) has a purity scale.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present inventors have identified shortcomings in the method by which grading of color and clarity of diamonds is performed, and after identifying problems with the prior art, proposed a system that is more consistent and reliable and overcomes the problems of the prior art.

Referring to Figure 1a, which is a schematic representation of a system 100 in accordance with the present invention, the system 100 provides an optically driven environment for optical imaging to determine the optical properties of a gemstone, such as categorizing the color and clarity of diamonds.

As shown in FIG. 1a, system 100 includes two hollow integrating spheres 150 and 150a in optical communication with each other, adjacent to separation region 116 and spaced apart by separation region 116. Light sources 118 and 118a are located on each sphere to provide a predetermined constant light level. within the system of integrating spheres.

The spacer portion 116 is suitably sized to provide a delivery and holding area for the imaging gem, and may be 100 mm high, or about 50 mm high, or less or more, depending on the device, for example.

The inside of the integrating spheres 150 and 150a is coated with a diffuse reflective coating so that the light rays incident on any point of the inner surface are, by multiple scattering reflections, distributed evenly to other points, and the influences of the original direction of the light sources 118 and 118a are minimized.

The device 110 for obtaining an optical image in the system of integrating spheres is in communication with the device 120 of the control. The control device 120 can control the acquisition of optical images of a gemstone, which is depicted as a diamond 115, for example, when positioned between the integrating spheres 150, 150a, as shown in FIG. 1c and as described below with reference to Figure 1d.

An image can be acquired with a given angle and a given side of the gemstone, depending on where the optical imaging device 110 is located, which is shown in this example as positioned below the gemstone and directed outward at an angle to the central axis of the diamond 115. Alternatively, it may be more than one optical imaging device 110 at different angles above, below, or both above and below the diamond 115.

The resulting images can be further analyzed to determine the gem's optical properties, such as the color category and clarity of the diamonds.

System 100 may also include, as shown in FIG. 1a-1d and figs. 2, a mechanical lever assembly 130 for moving a gemstone such as a diamond 115 automatically to and from the integrating spheres, and an actuator device such as a pneumatic system for operating the mechanical lever 130a.

Referring to FIG. 1a, the mechanical arm 130a is movable in the vertical direction to grip and release the diamond 115, and is also rotatable about the central axis 131 to move the diamond 115 from one position to another.

Such movement and position accuracy of the mechanical arm 130a is controlled and determined by the control module 120 .

To initiate the imaging process of the system 100, a technician or another automated device is required to first place the diamond 115 on the surface 140, which is located outside the integrating spheres 150 and 150a, as is evident from Figure 2, which is described further below.

The diamond 115 is typically placed face down on the surface 140, with the pavilion pointing upwards, although it may be placed in alternative orientations in other embodiments.

After placing the diamond 115 on the surface 140, the mechanical arm 130a is then rotated about the axis 131 until the claw portions 135 of the mechanical arm 130a are directly above the diamond 115. The diamond 115 is then ready to be gripped by the claw portion 135 of the mechanical arm 130a.

The diamond gripping process 115 is illustrated in FIG. 1b, where the two claws 135a and 135b of the mechanical arm 130a are moved outward from each other, again which may be pneumatically controlled, while the mechanical arm 130a is lowered to reach the same horizontal level as the diamond 115 on the surface 140.

The two claws 135a and 135b are then forcibly moved inward towards the diamond 115 to secure the diamond 115 therein, and the mechanical arm 130 is moved vertically upwards to lift the diamond 115 vertically off the surface 140.

When the diamond 115 is gripped by the mechanical arm 130, the sliding door 119 slides horizontally towards the integrating sphere system and opens an opening 124 in the separating portion 116 through which the diamond 115 is allowed to move into the integrating spheres 150 and 150a. The movement of the sliding door 119 can be controlled by the control module 120 and, for example, by a pneumatic actuator, or alternatively, manually or through another system.

For example, such movement of the diamond 215 is further shown in the embodiment of FIG. 2, in which the mechanical arm 230 is rotated about an axis and the diamond 215 is moved from position A on the surface 240 to a predetermined position B just above the rotating platform 217, within the system of integrating spheres.

The claws 235a and 235b of the mechanical arm 230 then move outward from each other to release the diamond 215 to position B onto the rotating platform 217, which is typically the center of the rotating platform 217.

Referring again to FIG. 1a-1d, the rotating platform 117 is located in the separating portion 116 where two integrating spheres 150 and 150a adjoin.

The rotating platform 117 is configured to rotate about the central axis of the system and thus the diamond 115, and within the integrating spheres 150 and 150a, so that multiple optical images of different types of diamond 115 can be obtained by the optical imaging device 110, in some embodiments.

The rotating platform 117 is optically transparent so that it does not optically block light rays from either side of the platform 117.

The movement control of the turntable 117 can be performed by the control module 120 .

This automatic movement of the diamond 115 by the mechanical arm 130a allows the diamond 115 to always be placed exactly in position on the rotating platform 117, and thus provide the most desirable lighting conditions for the diamond 115 when optical images are taken for viewing and categorization.

Additionally, since the mechanical arm 130a is mechanically controlled by the control device 120 without human factors involved, the misalignment or misposition of the diamond and the position of the diamond 115 on the rotating platform 117 are always consistent and highly repeatable, and thus provide a controlled environment for research on various diamonds.

Due to the visual nature of the optical properties of clarity and color, the clarity and color evaluation of a diamond must be performed in a controlled environment. The computerized system 100 provides the same and constant lighting conditions and background for each diamond.

Referring now to FIG. 1c shows a diamond 115 placed precisely on a rotating platform 117 within a system of integrating spheres. The mechanical arm 130a then rises and rotates about the central axis 131 to move from the integrating spheres 150 and 150a, through the opening 124.

When the mechanical arm 130a is moved from the integrating spheres 150 and 150a, the sliding door 119 slides horizontally to the integrating sphere system and closes the opening 124 so that the opening 124 is covered by the sliding door 119 again, as illustrated in FIG. 1d, forming a closed system there, ready for the imaging process of diamond 115.

Referring now to FIG. 3 shows a sectional view of a system 300 in one embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 3, system 300 includes two integrating spheres 350 and 350a adjacent to separation region 316 and separated from each other by separation region 316.

The optical imaging device 310 in the system of integrating spheres is in communication with the control device 320 . The controller 320 controls optical imaging of a diamond tilted at an angle, such as 45 degrees, with respect to the central vertical axis of the diamond 315.

The resulting images will be further analyzed to determine the optical properties of the gemstone, such as the color and clarity category of the 315 diamond.

The optical imaging devices 310 may be located at a distance of about 200 mm from the diamond 315, or less, or more, depending on the requirements of the system and the specific integers and characteristics used to form the system 300.

System 300 includes two light sources 318 and 318a providing a predetermined constant level of light with a color temperature of 6500K within each integrating sphere 350 and 350a. The light source is selected from the group including an LED (light emitting diode) light source, a xenon lamp light source, and an incandescent lamp light source, and a fluorescent lamp light source, a solar simulator, or the like, to provide a predetermined constant light level. within spheres 350 and 350a with a color temperature of 6500 K.

Similarly, the two light sources 118 and 118a of Figures 1a-1d also provide a predetermined constant level of light and may have a color temperature of 6500 K within each integrating sphere 150 and 150a. The light source may be selected from the group including an LED (light emitting diode) light source, a xenon lamp light source, and an incandescent lamp light source, and a fluorescent lamp light source, a solar simulator, or the like, to provide a predetermined constant light level within spheres 150 and 150a with a color temperature of 6500 K.

Referring again to FIG. 3, the system 300 further includes a rotatable platform 317 rotatable about the central axis of the diamond 315 and within the integrating spheres 350 and 350a, the rotatable platform 317 causing the diamond to rotate about the central axis so that multiple optical images of the diamond 315 can be obtained. an optical imaging device 310 .

Now, referring to FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of yet another embodiment of a system 400 in accordance with the present invention.

System 400 also includes two integrating spheres 450 and 450a adjacent to separation region 416 and spaced apart by separation region 416. Light sources 418 and 418a are located on each sphere to provide a predetermined constant level of light within the system of integrating spheres, and provide a predetermined constant level of light with a color temperature of 6500 K within each integrating sphere 350 and 350a. The light source is selected from the group including an LED (light emitting diode) light source, a xenon lamp light source, and an incandescent lamp light source, and a fluorescent lamp light source, a solar simulator, or the like, to provide a predetermined constant light level. within spheres 450 and 450a with a color temperature of 6500 K.

The light sources 450 and 450a may be controlled by the control module 420.

The system 400 further includes a plurality of optical imaging devices 410, 410a, and 410b, wherein one optical imaging devices 410a are perpendicular to the rotating platform 417, movable in the vertical direction to change the distance between the diamond 415 and the optical imaging devices 410a .

In this embodiment, there are also optical imaging devices 410b arranged perpendicular to the central axis of the diamond and movable in a horizontal direction to change the distance between the diamond 415 and the optical imaging device 410b.

As will be appreciated, the optical imaging device 410b, although provided as a pair on opposite sides of the spheres 450, 450a, may be the only device on one side.

A plurality of optical imaging devices 410, 410a, and 410b control a control module 420 that can acquire a plurality of optical images of the diamond 415 from different angles to determine the color category and clarity of the diamonds, as well as above and below the diamond 415.

The height of the diamond 415 can be determined by an optical image obtained through an additional optical imaging device 410b located perpendicular to the central axis of the diamond.

When obtaining an image above or below the 415 diamond, the observed Dapparent focus depth is corrected for focusing according to the formula:

D_apparent=D_real/n_diamond

where ndiamond ≈ 2.42

Given the height of the diamond inferred from the side view image, multiple images with different depths of focus of the diamond can be captured perpendicular to the site for flaw detection.

This can be done by dividing the height by the corresponding focus depths. However, since the side view image is captured in the air, and images perpendicular to the ground must be captured in the diamond, the difference in refractive indices in air (nair ≈ 1) and diamond (ndiamond ≈ 2.42) will affect the determination of depths of focus. If the approximation of the angle of incidence of the light beam is small relative to images captured perpendicular to the site, then the observed depth Dapparent for focusing can be corrected as follows:

D_apparent=D_real/n_diamond

instead of the real depth of Dreal.

Referring to Figure 5, there is shown a photographic representation of a separating portion 516 where two integrating spheres are adjacent and spaced apart, in a manner similar to that discussed above with reference to Figures 1a-1d and as such can be immediately implemented in the systems of the present invention.

Sliding door 519 is opened to the side to reveal opening 524 in spacer portion 516 to allow the diamond to move in and out of the integrating sphere system in a manner similar to that described above with reference to FIG. 1a-1d.

Within the separating integrating sphere portion 516, a transparent rotating platform 517 is shown which allows the diamond to be placed during the imaging process. The diamond images are taken by an optical imaging device 510, which may be a digital camera, and placed perpendicular to the transparent platform 517.

The optical imaging device 510 is located at an appropriate distance from the diamond, for example, about 20 mm to 60 mm from the diamond, and is movable in the vertical direction to change the distance from the diamond.

The transparent platform 517 is rotated by the scale 521 outside of the integrating sphere system, which can be controlled by an external control device, so that images of different types of diamond can be obtained by the imaging device 510.

Now, referring to FIG. 6, a photographic representation of the side view imaging device 610 is shown, which is positioned perpendicular to the central axis of the diamond on a rotating platform within the separating area.

The optical imaging device 610 is located outside the system of integrating spheres, at an appropriate distance from the diamond.

The side view imaging device 610 is connected to the dividing section 616 of the integrating sphere system by an opaque tube that extends through the dividing section 616, which allows the imaging device 610 to only capture an image of a diamond located within the integrating sphere system and is not optically influenced by the external environment. .

Fig. 7 shows a photographic representation of an example of a mechanical arm 730 applicable for use in the system of the present invention, located near a similar horizontal level of the dividing section 716 of the system of integrating spheres.

The 730 mechanical lever allows the diamond to move automatically in and out of the integrating spheres. The mechanical arm 730 is movable in a vertical direction to grip and release the diamond, and rotate around a central axis to move the diamond from one position to another.

When the diamond is placed on the surface 740, the claw portion 735 of the mechanical arm 730 picks up the diamond from the surface 740, which then rotates and moves the diamond into the integrating sphere separating portion 730, in a manner similar to that described above with reference to FIG. 1a-1d.

Sliding door 719 is closed when there is no movement of diamonds in and out of the integrating sphere system. This protects the interior of the integrating spheres and provides an optically closed system for imaging diamonds.

Fig. 8 shows an enlarged photographic representation of a mechanical arm 830 which consists of two claws 835a and 835b for gripping and securing the diamond therein.

Since the metal is relatively softer than a diamond, during contact with each other, there is a possibility that metal impurities will adhere to the surface of the diamond, which can contaminate or even create scratches on it.

It is highly undesirable for gemstones, such as diamonds, to be scratched or contaminated during the grading process. Any flaws inflicted on a diamond can devalue the diamond and cause great economic loss.

To prevent any metallic impurities from adhering to the surface of the diamond during the gripping process of the metal claws 835a and 835b, the coating 821 is applied to the surface of the metal claw portion 835 of the mechanical arm 830, especially the surface where the claws are in direct contact with the diamond.

In FIG. 8, it can be shown that the surface of the claw portion 835 appears lighter in color, which refers to the coating on it to protect any diamonds in contact with the claws from contamination.

The coating may be a metal oxide layer, quartz, or the like, which prevents metal impurities from the claws from adhering to the surface of the diamond during the gripping procedure.

The computerized system according to the present invention is advantageous over the prior art by removing the problem of eye fatigue, and having an algorithm for analyzing color and imperfections can provide a good alternative with high reproducibility, and allows the processor to determine the optical properties of a gemstone, such as a diamond, such as color and clarity using the system's electronic images of the diamond.

It can also reduce the cost and time of making a set of reference stones and training a professional gemologist. It can also reduce the preparation time for a professional gemologist.

The system of integrating spheres helps to fulfill this role as light intensity, spectrum and uniformity can be well controlled and repeated.

A system of integrating spheres can play this role because light intensity, spectrum and uniformity can be well controlled and repeated. The system can serve to evaluate the clarity and color of a diamond.

Claims (28)

1. A system for viewing and determining the optical characteristics of precious stones, containing: the first and second integrating spheres, each integrating sphere being in optical communication with each other and having a separating section located between them, a first light source coupled to the first sphere and providing light to the inside of the first sphere, and a second light source coupled to the second sphere and providing light to the inside of the second sphere; at least one optical imaging device in communication with the interior of one of the spheres to obtain an optical image of a gem located in the region between the spheres; a transparent platform to support the gem between two integrating spheres; a control module in communication with the optical imaging device for controlling optical imaging of the diamonds; wherein said optical image of the gemstone is processed by a processor to determine one or more optical characteristics of the gemstone; a control module controlled mechanical arm for delivering a gem from outside the integrating spheres to the platform to support the gem between the two integrating spheres; and a movable door located on the separating section, which is configured to be opened to allow the precious stone to move to and from the support platform by a mechanical lever. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner part of the integrating spheres is covered with a diffusion reflective coating so that the light rays incident on any point of the inner surface are multiple scattering reflections, distributed evenly over all other points, and the influence of the original direction of the light sources have been minimized. 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that said mechanical lever allows movement in the vertical direction to capture and release the gemstone and rotation around the axis to move the gemstone from one position to another. 4. The system according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that it contains a plurality of optical imaging devices in communication with the interior of at least one of the spheres. 5. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a first optical imaging device in communication with the interior of the first sphere at the pole of the sphere. 6. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that it contains an additional device for obtaining an optical image in communication with the inside of the second sphere at the pole of the sphere. 7. The system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it contains one or more optical imaging devices for obtaining a side image of a precious stone, and one or more optical imaging devices receive the specified side image of the gem through an opening passing through the separating section. 8. The system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it contains one or more optical imaging devices for obtaining an oblique image of a precious stone, wherein one or more optical imaging devices are directed towards the precious stone and inclined to an axis passing through the poles of the spheres. 9. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that said one or more optical imaging devices are directed towards the precious stone and inclined at an angle in the range of 40 to 50° to an axis passing through the poles of the spheres. 10. The system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one optical imaging device is located at a distance in the range from 100 to 300 mm from the gemstone. 11. The system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one optical imaging device is located at a distance of about 200 mm from the gemstone. 12. The system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one optical imaging device is located at a distance in the range from 20 to 100 mm from the gemstone. 13. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the light sources provide a predetermined constant level of light with a color temperature of 6500 K. 14. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the light source is selected from the group consisting of an LED (light emitting diode) light source, a xenon lamp light source and an incandescent lamp light source, and a fluorescent lamp light source, simulator solar radiation or the like. 15. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the platform is rotatable about a central axis extending between the pole of the spheres and within the system of integrating spheres, and rotates the gem about the central axis so that a plurality of optical images of the gem can be obtained by at least one of the optical imaging devices. 16. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one optical imaging device is a digital camera. 17. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one optical imaging device is monochrome or polychrome. 18. The system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it provides determination of the color of the gemstone. 19. The system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it provides a determination of the purity of the gemstone. 20. The system according to any of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the gemstone is a diamond.

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