RU2779178C1 - Spring harrow - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. The spring harrow contains a frame with a trailer device, supported by the rear part on pneumatic wheels. A central swivel bar is connected to the frame by two hydraulic cylinders, which is pivotally connected to the side swivel bars with impellers by means of clamps with detachable bushings. The central and side swivel bars contain sections of tooth harrows, the teeth of which are spring-loaded and adjustable in angle of attack by means of a tooth rotation mechanism. The spring harrow frame is designed to be held in an expanded rectilinear position by means of two stretching mechanisms, each of which is connected with one end to a side pivoting beam, and the other to the spring harrow frame. Short brackets are installed on the side pivoting bars in pairs and equidistant from each other, and two long brackets are installed on the central bar. Sections of tooth harrows are suspended on brackets with the help of frames. The section of the tooth harrow is a prefabricated structure consisting of a welded frame, in the eyelets of which frames are pivotally mounted, connected to each other by a spacer, forming a parallelogram mechanism. Pipes are installed at the bottom of the welded frame, on which spring teeth are fixed. The pipes are interconnected by means of levers and slats, which are connected to the welded frame by means of a jack with the possibility of changing the angle of attack of the spring teeth in rows with it, depending on the required degree of loosening of the soil. The jack is fixed on the plate and the extreme lever. All levers are connected in a chain by three bars. Three holes are made on the extreme slats, in one of which removable fingers are installed to change the angle of attack of the front and rear rows of spring teeth independently of the other rows of spring teeth by combining and fixing the necessary hole of the extreme slats with the holes of the central bar by rearranging the fingers. A relative scale is made on the jack for the possibility of setting the same angle of attack of the spring teeth on all sections of the tooth harrows. Each section of the tooth harrows includes a mechanism for adjusting the additional clamping force, including a spring block and an adjustment bolt. One end of the spring block is connected to the tooth harrow section, the other end through the adjusting bolt is connected to the spring harrow bar.

EFFECT: improvement of the quality of tillage in different soil conditions and for different processing depths is ensured.

1 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to tillage machines designed for loosening the soil, removing weeds and leveling the field surface.

A wide-spring spring harrow is known (patent for the invention of the Russian Federation RU 2546176 C1, application dated 01/09/2014, IPC A01V 23/04), containing a tow hitch connected to the frame, transport and impellers, an average swivel bar with working sections is installed on the rear tube of the frame , to which, through swivel joints in the form of cardan joints located at its ends, side swivel bars with working sections are attached. The working sections consist of movable pipes with brackets, on which paired spring teeth are mounted, the angle of inclination of which to the surface of the cultivated field is regulated by rearranging the fastening of the adjusting plate.

The disadvantage of this device is the inability to independently control the angle of attack of the rows of springs and the clamping force.

A heavy wide-cut tooth harrow with spring fingers is known (patent for a utility model of the Russian Federation RU 187113U1, application dated 26.07.2018, IPC A01B 19/00), containing a tow hitch connected to the frame, transport (working) wheels. A shortened middle beam is rigidly mounted on the rear part of the towing device, and swivel bars are attached to the middle beam through hinged joints, forming a U-shaped frame. Both side rails have articulated wheels. Hydraulic cylinders installed at the junction of the side bar and the wheel are responsible for the function of turning and folding the harrow, thanks to the directed turn of the side bars, the harrow always unfolds in the “needed direction” regardless of the field relief, and the system of flexible ties prevents the unit from folding during operation. Working spring sections are installed on the middle and side bars of the harrow by means of hinged engagement, lowering and raising the sections is carried out with the help of hydraulic cylinders installed on each section, a special locking mechanism is responsible for rigid fixation of the spring sections in the required position, driven by the same working hydraulic cylinders. sections.

The disadvantages of this harrow are the unreliable articulated transport (working) wheels, the complexity of the design of turning and folding the harrow and lifting the spring sections due to hydraulic cylinders, the impossibility of adjusting the angle of attack of the springs.

A tooth harrow is known (patent for a utility model of the Russian Federation RU 195217 U1, application dated 22.05.2019, IPC A01B 19/00), including a frame with a towing device, supported by the rear part on pneumatic wheels, an average swivel beam connected to the frame by a hydraulic cylinder, side swivel bars with impellers and braces, sections of toothed harrows with spring teeth mounted on the traverses of the section body, with each section of harrows with spring teeth equipped with a hydraulic mechanism for adjusting the angle of attack of the tooth, made in the form of a hydraulic cylinder mounted on one side of the section body, the rod of which is hinged is connected by means of the levers of each traverse to the drive rail, while the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the vehicle hydraulic pump by means of a flexible pipeline.

The disadvantages of this harrow are the presence of a complex hydraulic system for adjusting the angle of attack of the teeth, as well as the impossibility of its independent regulation.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a soil-cultivating harrow-hitch (patent for a utility model of the Russian Federation RU192367 U1, application dated 10.06.2019, IPC А01В 19/00), including a frame with a towing device, resting on the back of pneumatic wheels, a central swivel a bar connected to the frame by hydraulic cylinders, side swivel bars with working and transport wheels and sections of toothed harrows with braces, the middle swivel hitch bar connected to the frame by a hydraulic cylinder is pivotally mounted on the axis of the rear side of the frame using two additional levers-stops, while the articulated joint axles of the rear side of the frame with levers-stops are equipped with friction split bushings that do not require lubrication. The teeth of the harrow of each hitch section are spring-loaded, mounted on the frame swivel axles and adjustable in inclination angle by means of a tine rotation mechanism made in the form of a lever connected to the drive rail of each axle.

The disadvantages of this device is the low quality of tillage under different soil conditions and harrowing purposes due to the inability to independently control the angle of attack of the rows of springs and the clamping force.

The objective of the proposed device is to improve the quality of tillage and, as a result, increase the yield of crops, by improving the quality of tillage in different soil conditions and for different depths of processing.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that the harrow is spring, including a frame with a towing device, resting on pneumatic wheels with its rear part, a central rotary bar connected to the frame by two hydraulic cylinders, which is pivotally connected to the side rotary bars with working wheels, the central and side rotary bars contain sections toothed harrows, the teeth of which are spring-loaded and adjustable in angle of attack by means of a mechanism for turning the teeth, the frame of the spring-loaded harrow is made with the possibility of being held in a deployed rectilinear position by means of two stretching mechanisms, each of which is connected at one end to the side rotary bar, and the other - to spring harrow frame, in contrast to the prototype, the central swivel bar is pivotally connected to the side swivel bars using clamps with split bushings, short brackets are installed on the side swivel bars in pairs and equally spaced from each other, and short brackets are installed on the central bar there are two long brackets, sections of the tooth harrows are suspended on the brackets with the help of frames, the section of the tooth harrow is a prefabricated structure consisting of a welded frame, in the eyes of which the frames are hinged, connected by a spacer, forming a parallelogram mechanism, pipes are installed from the bottom of the welded frame, on which the spring teeth are fixed, the pipes are interconnected by means of levers and strips, which are connected to the welded frame with the help of a jack with the possibility of changing the angle of attack of the spring teeth in the rows depending on the required degree of loosening of the soil, the jack is fixed on the plate and the extreme lever, all levers are connected in a chain by three bars, and on the outer bars there are three holes, in one of which removable fingers are installed to change the angle of attack of the front and rear rows of spring teeth, regardless of the remaining rows of spring teeth by aligning and fixing the required hole of the outer bars with holes and the central bar by shifting the fingers, a relative scale is made on the jack to enable setting the same angle of attack of the spring teeth on all sections of the tooth harrows, and each section of the tooth harrows includes a mechanism for adjusting the additional clamping force, including a spring block and an adjusting bolt, one the end of the spring block is connected to the section of the tooth harrow, the other end through the adjusting bolt - to the bar of the spring harrow.

The set of essential features of the proposed technical solution allows you to change the angle of attack of the springs in the rows to the desired angle in the range from 0° to 36° by rotating the jack handle, and the first and last rows of spring teeth can be set to a different angle from the other rows by shifting the bars to one of the three adjusting holes; and also allows you to change the additional clamping force in the range from 3.90 kN to 8.20 kN by changing the length of the block of spring teeth by rotating the adjusting bolt.

As a result, the following advantages are achieved: adjusting the harrowing mode in accordance with the goals of harrowing and soil conditions will improve the quality of processing, create better conditions for the growth and development of cultivated plants and increase crop yields.

The invention is illustrated by the figures:

fig. 1 - harrow device;

fig. 2 - harrow section;

fig. 3-adjustment of the angle of attack of the springs;

fig. 4-adjustment of the clamping force;

fig. 5 - the mechanism of transfer to the transport position;

fig. 6 - view of the mechanism of the lock of the working position from the side of the central bar;

fig. 7 - view of the mechanism of the lock of the working position from the extension side.

The spring harrow (Fig. 1) consists of a frame 1, on which a towing device 2 is made, resting with its back on pneumatic wheels 3. The central rotary bar 4 is connected to the frame 1 of the spring harrow by two hydraulic cylinders 5. 8 wheels, with the help of clamps rigidly fixed on it with detachable bushings 9, are hinged to the central bar 4 and with the help of two stretching mechanisms 10 are held in a deployed rectilinear position by means of two stretching mechanisms, each of which is connected at one end to the side swivel bar 6, and the other - with a spring harrow frame 1. Two long brackets 11 are installed on the central beam, short brackets 12 are installed in pairs on the side beams, on which sections 15 are suspended using frames 13 and 14. The distance between pairs of brackets mounted on the central and side beams , corresponds to the width of one section of the harrow.

The harrow section (Fig. 2) is a prefabricated structure consisting of a welded frame 16, in the eyes of which the frames 13 and 14 of the parallelogram mechanism are pivotally installed, interconnected by a spacer 17. The parallelogram mechanism formed by the frames 13 and 14 and the spacer 17 provides copying the surface of the field with harrow sections along the width of the capture. From the bottom of the welded frame 16, pipes 18 are installed, on which spring teeth 19 are fixed. Pipes 18 are interconnected using levers 20 (Fig. 3) and strips 21, which are connected to the welded frame 16 using a jack 22 with the possibility of changing the angle with it attacks of spring tines in the rows depending on the required degree of soil loosening. The screw mechanism is made in the form of a jack 22 fixed on the plate 23 and the extreme lever 20.

All levers are located five pieces on both sides on each section and connect pipes 18 with three strips 21: central and two extreme, and on the extreme strips three holes are made. The levers 20 are fixed in the following way: the first and fifth levers are hinged on the extreme bars, the third lever is hinged on the central bar, the second and fourth levers connect the central bar with the help of fingers 24 through one of the holes by aligning and fixing the required hole of the outer bars with the holes the central bar by rearranging the fingers to change the angle of attack of the front and rear row of springs 19, regardless of the remaining rows of spring teeth. The jack can be mechanically or hydraulically actuated and has a relative scale to set the same spring angle on all sections. The range of adjustment of the angle of attack of the spring teeth α is within 0°-36°.

Each section of the harrow has a mechanism for adjusting the additional pressing force, which consists of a block of spring teeth 25 (Fig. 4) and an adjusting bolt 26. At one end, the block of spring teeth is connected to the section 15 of the harrow, the other - through the adjusting bolt with the harrow bar. The clamping force adjustment range is from 3.90 to 8.20 kN.

To fix the harrow sections in the transport position, plates with holes 27 and 28, respectively (Fig. 5), are welded on the frame 1 of the harrow harrow with spring and central rotary bar 4, into which, when they are combined, a transport pin is installed and fixed with a pin 29. In the rear of the frame 1 in the pivot point of the central swivel beam 4 has a flag 30 (Fig. 6), which is connected by means of a cable 31 to the lock 32 (Fig. 7), which, under the action of the spring 34, will fix the bracket 33 of the brace 10 in the working position.

The spring harrow works as follows:

The spring harrow is transferred to the transport position as follows: With the help of hydraulic cylinders 5, the central bar 4 of the spring harrow is turned into the transport position, until the holes 27 and 28 (Fig. 5) are aligned, into which the transport pin is installed and fixed with pin 29. When the hydraulic cylinders are retracted, the central bar 4 turns and presses the flag 30 (Fig. 6), which is connected by means of a cable 31 to the lock 32 (Fig. 7). When you press the flag 30, it turns and pulls the cable 31, which opens the lock 32 and releases the bracket 33 of the extension 10, allowing you to transfer the harrow to the transport position. In this case, the sections 15 of the harrow are installed vertically, and the side bars 6 rest on the transport wheels 8. They drive the tractor in a straight direction until the side bars stand behind the central bar 4 parallel to each other.

The transfer of the harrow to the working position is carried out as follows: The tractor is fed back so that the side bars 6 are in line. One end of the extension 10 should fit into the lock 32. The transport pins are removed by removing the pins 29. The central bar 4 of the harrow is turned by the hydraulic cylinders 5 into the working position, while it stops pressing on the flag 30. Under the action of the spring 34, the lock 32 will fix the bracket 33 in the working position , flag 30 will return to its original position.

To increase the degree of loosening, a more aggressive angle of inclination of the springs 19 (closer to 0 °) is set by rotating the handle of the jack 22, fixed on the plate 23 and the extreme lever 20 in the direction of increasing its length, while the strips 21 are shifted back in the longitudinal vertical plane and the levers 20 turn pipes 18 with spring teeth 19 attached to them until the spring teeth are brought to a vertical position; and increase the clamping force of sections 15 to the maximum (about 8.20 kN) by rotating the adjusting bolt 26 clockwise and stretching the block of spring teeth 25 connecting the welded frame 16 of section 15 with the harrow bar. In the presence of a large amount of plant residues on the field and the goal of harrowing is to evenly distribute them over the surface of the field, the angle of the front row of springs 19 is set less aggressive (closer to 36 °) by rearranging the removable pins 24 into the hole of the front bar 21 far in the direction of travel and reducing the clamping force of the sections to a minimum (about 3.90 kN) by turning the adjusting bolt 26 counterclockwise. When adjusting the additional clamping force, it is necessary to install the spring blocks in the same size for all sections. If one of the tasks of harrowing is to level the surface of the field, then the rear row of springs is set to a less aggressive angle by rearranging the removable pins 24 into the hole of the rear bar 21 farthest in the direction of travel.

Before starting work, the spring harrow, being in the transport position, is hung on the tractor with the help of frame 1 with a hitch 2, while the harrow rests on pneumatic 3 and transport 8 wheels. The tractor with the harrow is placed on the edge of the field, the spring harrow is transferred to the working position by combining split bushings 9 and turning with the help of hydraulic cylinders 5 of the central 4 and side bars 6. In the process of movement, the harrow rests on the impellers 7, and the springs 19 of the spring sections 15, mounted on bars with the help of frames 13 and 14 and brackets 11 and 12, cut into the soil and begin, due to the changing load on them, to vibrate, as a result of which lumps of earth are broken, accumulations of straw are distributed over the area and mixed with the soil. Two extensions 10 hold the side swivel bars 6 in a deployed rectilinear position. When sections 15 of the harrow hit lower or elevated areas of the field, the parallelogram mechanisms of the sections, due to the hinged fastening of the frames 13 and 14, raise or lower the sections, providing tillage at a given depth.

The technical result achieved when using the proposed technical solution is to improve the quality of tillage, which improves the conditions for the growth and development of cultivated plants, and as a result, to increase crop yields, by improving the quality of tillage in different soil conditions and for different depths. processing through a reliable mechanism for adjusting the angle of attack of the springs in the rows and changing the clamping force.

Claims (1)

Spring harrow, including a frame with a towing device, supported by the rear part on pneumatic wheels, a central rotary bar connected to the frame by two hydraulic cylinders, which is pivotally connected to the side rotary bars with working wheels, the central and side rotary bars contain sections of toothed harrows, the teeth of which are made of spring and adjustable in angle of attack by means of a mechanism for turning the teeth, the frame of the spring harrow is made with the possibility of being held in a deployed rectilinear position by means of two stretching mechanisms, each of which is connected at one end to the side rotary bar, and at the other end to the frame of the spring harrow, characterized in that that the central swivel bar is pivotally connected to the side swivel bars by means of clamps with split bushings, short brackets are installed in pairs and equidistant from each other on the side swivel bars, and two long brackets are installed on the central bar, on the brackets with sections of tooth harrows are suspended from the frame, the section of the tooth harrow is a prefabricated structure consisting of a welded frame, in the eyes of which frames are pivotally installed, connected to each other by a spacer, forming a parallelogram mechanism, pipes are installed at the bottom of the welded frame, on which spring teeth are fixed, the pipes are connected between itself with the help of levers and strips, which are connected to the welded frame with the help of a jack with the possibility of changing the angle of attack of the spring teeth in the rows depending on the required degree of soil loosening, the jack is fixed on the plate and the extreme lever, all levers are connected in a chain by three strips , moreover, three holes are made on the extreme bars, in one of which removable fingers are installed to change the angle of attack of the front and rear rows of spring teeth, regardless of the remaining rows of spring teeth, by combining and fixing the necessary hole of the outer bars with the holes of the central bar by rearranging the fingers ev, a relative scale is made on the jack for the possibility of setting the same angle of attack of the spring teeth on all sections of the tooth harrows, and each section of the tooth harrows includes a mechanism for adjusting the additional pressing force, including a spring block and an adjusting bolt, at one end the spring block is connected to section of the tooth harrow, the other end through the adjusting bolt - with the bar of the spring harrow.

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