RU2778960C1 - Wind generation apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: wind power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of wind power engineering and can be used as a source of electrical power. Wind generator consists of symmetrical aerodynamic wings secured on axles passing through the midpoints of the chords of the wings. A computer or a microprocessor controls the actuating mechanisms for setting the angle of attack of the aerodynamic wings for various velocities of air flows and the movement of the apparatus, using the information from a set of sensors. Two sets of N symmetrical aerodynamic wings with flaps are installed in cassettes on wheels. The ends of the wings and flaps in each cassette are united by connecting bars. A position sensor is installed on the axle of the control wing in each cassette. A bidirectional electric drive is applied as an actuating mechanism for setting the angles of attack on the axle of the control flap in each cassette, ensuring the optimal position of the angles of attack of all oppositely directed symmetrical aerodynamic wings of each cassette. Each of the two cassettes is connected with a crankshaft via a hinge and a pin and moves back and forth in the rectangular cartridge with an internal profile for the cassette wheels. Feather aerodynamic wings with a protrusion inward into the rectangular cartridge are secured downwind to the lateral sides of the rectangular cartridge perpendicular to the plane thereof. Bearings are secured along the middle of the upper and lower sides of the cartridge, the crankshaft passing through said bearings. The position of the rectangular cartridge in the horizontal plane is locked by the upper and lower support bearings built into the basic structure of the wind generation apparatus. Passing through the lower support bearing, the crankshaft is connected to an electric power unit through a connecting sleeve.

EFFECT: ensured optimal control of the angle of attack, increase in the structural reliability, and reduced environmental harm.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

More than 90% of the world's operating park is horizontal-axis wind power plants (VEUGOs), thousands of enterprises are engaged in their serial production. The efficiency of VEUGO is achievable only if the constant collinearity of the axis of the wind turbine and the direction of the air flow (AF) is ensured. The disadvantage of the traditional design of VEUGO is the small surface of the blade, and as a consequence of this, the initial torque is close to zero, and therefore the launch of such wind turbines is difficult. Powerful installations generally have to be untwisted from an outside source. The speed of the ends of the blades of a wind turbine with a strong EP can approach the speed of sound, creating noise like that of a propeller-driven aircraft and interference for electronic devices, and its blades hit birds and other flying animals. When turning the wind turbine with a change in the direction of the VP, a gyroscopic moment acts on the blades, tending to bend the blade twice on each revolution (forward and backward), and this can cause large stresses, sometimes leading to separation of the blades. To avoid this, the blades make it as light as possible and use special devices - windroses, which perform a very slow rotation of the wind turbine. The windrose system and other additional devices significantly complicate and increase the cost of VEUGO. In VEUGO of significant power, the circumferential speed along the length of the blade increases as the distance of its elements from the axis of rotation, the relative speed W of the airfoil attack on the blade also increases. Along with this, the angle of attack α decreases, and at a certain peripheral speed ωR, where ω is the angular velocity, this angle will become negative. In the absence of control over the linear speed of the ends of the blades, not all elements of the wing will have maximum lift.

Numerous analytical studies can be found in the literature on power augmentation systems to improve the performance of wind turbines by increasing the energy density of the air on the rotor. The work (Khamlaj, T.A.; Rumpfkeil, M.R. 2017) extends the semi-empirical model of a shrouded wind turbine to include a convergent-divergent nozzle system. An increase in mass flow can be achieved through two main principles: increasing the area ratio and / or reducing the negative backpressure at the outlet (Tacho-Godi A.Z. AIR FLOW CONCENTRATOR FOR A WIND POWER POWER PLANT CONTROLLED BY A FOLLOWING SYSTEM WITH A LOOP OF OPTIMAL REGULATION OF THE SPEECH ANGLE // Fundamental Research, No. 2-14, 2015, pp. 3056-3058 URL: http://fundamental-research.ru/ru/article/view?id=37690 (Accessed 02.12.2020) Theoretical analysis predicts an ideal thrust ratio below or above 8/9, depending on the backpressure ratio at which the closed wind turbine operates.A radical increase in the airspeed for wind turbines is the use of flying wind turbines (for example, Method for converting wind kinetic energy on a flying wind turbine. Patent No. 2697075 Published on August 12, 2019, Bulletin No. 23.) Unlike large horizontal axis wind turbines, Installed in areas with optimal wind conditions, small wind turbines are installed to generate power regardless of favorable wind conditions. The power generation of a wind turbine depends on the size of its rotor, and wind turbines with large rotor diameters (>175 m) are currently available on the market. However, the main problems associated with such large conventional turbines are their cost and noise pollution. A review (Hansen, Colin and Hansen, Kristy. 2020) focuses on large scale horizontal axis wind turbines. Recent developments in noise research on horizontal axis wind turbines are summarized. Significant progress has been made in understanding the generation and propagation of wind turbine noise, and the impact of wind farm noise on humans, birds and animals. In addition to community concerns about the impact of wind farm noise on people and how best to manage wind farm noise and test installed wind farms for compliance, there is significant interest from turbine manufacturers in developing quieter rotors with the intention of allowing wind farms to be installed closer to populated areas. points. Various noise generation mechanisms in wind turbines and possible noise reduction techniques are considered (Deshmukha, Shubham, et al. 2018). At the same time, new designs of wind turbines are being developed with various options for the concentration of WP and minimization of environmental negative factors during the operation of powerful WEUGOs. For example, in the design of a wind power plant, taken as an analogue (RF Patent No. 2697245. Published on August 13, 2019, Bull. No. 23.). Minimization of the size of a bicylinder turbine with an increase in its efficiency is achieved due to the different swept area of the air collector and the ring formed by the outer and inner cylinders, in which its wings are located. At the same time, the speed of the VP entering its wings increases. All wings of a bicylindrical turbine are fixed at the beginning and at the end in bearings, which significantly reduces the level of their vibration and the associated noise effects and electrical interference. In addition, through a multi-axis bevel differential gearbox, the optimal angle of attack is set for all turbine wings, taking into account the resulting VP acting on them according to the method described in (Yu.B. Sokolovsky, V.M. Rotkin. Theoretical and technical foundations for optimizing wind power plants. LuluPress, Inc. 2017. 112 c) increasing its effectiveness.

As a prototype for the wind generating device, we accept the English patent:

UK Patent Application GB 2454024 A, Date of a publication 29.042009. This wind generating device consists of a one-piece symmetrical aerodynamic wing without moving flaps. It is rotated and axially balanced at the midpoint of the chord of the wing, which generates lift in the vertical direction and is attached by means of levers to a rotating drive to receive and produce energy. The wind generating device has controlled actuators to optimize the angle of attack of the aerodynamic wing for various winds and device speeds. It has a computer or microprocessor that controls the actuators for setting the angle of attack using information from strain gauges or force sensors installed on the device to maintain the aerodynamic wing at the optimum angle of attack. The device has a system of rods at one end of the wing, consisting of 2 pistons and cylinders, to change the angle of attack of the wing at the end of each vertical stroke, as well as to provide the effect of damping the speed and changing the angle of the wings. The device has a central spring that helps hold the aerodynamic wing against the angle of attack limiters during each vertical stroke. A device working together with an identical device attached to the same flywheel is out of phase by 90 degrees to ensure smooth operation of the top and bottom dead center of the caching device strokes. In the prototype, unlike the classic VEUGO, instead of problematic long wings-blades, a set of small wings fixed at 2 points (on the axis at the midpoint of the chord and with upper or lower limiters) is possible, which naturally minimizes noise pollution and interference. In addition, for each of these wings, the optimal angle of attack relative to the effective resulting airspace is set, increasing their efficiency.

The disadvantage of the prototype design is the complex mechanical part of the control system with cylinders, levers and a spring. The operation of this wind-generating device is problematic.

When developing the design of a new wind-generating device (WU), the problem of minimizing a number of shortcomings of the WEUGO of the traditional design was solved. It was decided to divide its long blades into separate fragments for a more precise optimal control of their angle of attack, increase the reliability of the structure, significantly reduce environmental problems and the cost of the structure. The developed WU consists of one-piece symmetrical aerodynamic wings fixed on axes passing through the midpoints of the wing chords. It has a computer or a microprocessor that controls the actuators for setting the angle of attack of the aerodynamic wings for various airspeeds and the movement of the device itself using information from a set of sensors. At the same time, two sets of N symmetrical aerodynamic wings with flaps in cassettes on wheels are installed. The ends of the wings and flaps in each cassette are connected by connecting bars, a position sensor is installed on the axis of the control wing in each cassette, and a reversible electric drive is installed on the axis of the control flap in each cassette as an actuator that ensures the optimal position of the angles of attack of all symmetrical aerodynamic wings of each set, but directed in opposite directions relative to the other cassette. Each of the two cassettes is connected to the knees by a shaft through a hinge and a rod and moves in a rectangular cage with an internal profile for the wheels of the cassettes back and forth. Vane aerodynamic wings with a bulge inside the rectangular cage are fixed to the lateral sides of the rectangular cage perpendicular to its plane on the leeward side. In the middle of the upper and lower sides of the cage, bearings are fixed through which the crankshaft passes, fixing its position in the upper and lower support bearings built into the basic design of the wind-generating device. Moreover, the crankshaft, having passed through the lower support bearing, is connected through a coupling to the electric power unit.

The main structural unit of the WU - a cassette with N symmetrical aerodynamic wings and flaps is given in Fig. 1 - top view, where 1 - symmetrical aerodynamic wing, 2 - wing axis, 3 - flap, 4 - cassette, 5 - control flap electric drive, 6 - hinges at the front ends of the wings, 7 - hinges at the ends of the flaps, 8 - common hinge wings and flaps, 9 - cassette-rod hinge, 10 - rod, 11 - rod-crankshaft hinge, 12 - crankshaft, 13 - wing connecting plate, 14 - flap connecting plate, 15 - control wing position sensor - 1.

The general view of the VU is given in Fig. 2, 3 - where 1 - symmetrical aerodynamic wings, 3 - flaps, 4 - cassettes, 10 - rod, 11 - rod-crankshaft hinge, 12 - crankshaft, 16 - cassette wheels, 9 - cassette hinge, 17 - airspeed sensor, 18 - rectangular cage, 19 - vane aerodynamic wings, 20 - basic design of the wind generating device, 21 - upper cage bearing, 22 - lower cage bearing, 23 - upper support bearing of the basic design, 24 - lower support bearing of the basic design, 25 - speed sensor cassette movement - 4, 26 - coupling, 27 - electric power unit, 28 - support beams.

Both cassettes - 4 are installed in a rectangular cage - 18, the horizontal sides of which have profiled grooves, in which during the operation of the VU when the cassettes are moved, their wheels move - 16. In the middle of the horizontal sides of the cage - 18, the upper - 21 and lower - 22 bearings are fixed, through which the crankshaft passes - 12. Each of the cassettes is connected to the crankshaft - 12 through the hinges 9, 11 and rods - 10. In each of the cassettes on the axes 2, N symmetrical aerodynamic wings are fixed - 1, the front ends of which are connected through the hinges - 6 by the connecting strips of the wings - 13, and flaps - 3 are connected to their rear ends through hinges - 8. Flaps 3 with the help of a connecting strip of flaps - 14 are united through hinges - 7. The general installation system of wings and flaps of this cassette - 4 is affected by the control wing electric drive - 5, setting the angle of attack and their polarity. It is controlled by a computer or a microprocessor, setting the optimal angle of attack of the aerodynamic wings-1 for various airspeeds and the movement of the cassette itself using information from a set of sensors (position sensor - 15 on the axis of the control wing, cassette speed sensor - 25, airspeed sensor - 17 ). Cage - 18 with cassettes - 4 is fixed on the crankshaft - 12 with the help of the upper support bearing of the basic design - 23 and the lower support bearing of the basic design -24. To the sides of the rectangular cage - 18, perpendicular to its plane from the leeward side, weathervane aerodynamic wings - 19 are fixed with a bulge inside the rectangular cage. They provide a more efficient orientation of the cage - 18 perpendicular to the air flow vector than conventional flat weather vanes, above and below the base structure - 20 fixed support bearings - 23, 24 through which the crankshaft passes - 12, and its lower end, passing through the lower support bearing - 24 through the coupling - 26 is connected to the electric power unit - 27. The basic design of the VU - 20 is installed on the support beams - 28.

The operation of a wind turbine.

1. For effective operation of the BP, it is necessary to carry out an effective orientation of the clip - 18 with cassettes - 4 perpendicular to the air flow vector. Orientation is carried out under the influence of the vane wings - 19. When this position is reached, the convex part of the wings - 19 is shaded by the clip - 18 and they are streamlined with symmetrical air currents. At the slightest deviation of the clip - 18 from the position perpendicular to the air flow vector, one of the wings is obscured by the clip - 18, and the active VP acts on the opposite vane wing 19. At the same time, an aerodynamic force is formed on the latter directed towards the opposite wing, restoring their symmetrical position relative to the VP vector. Reliable rotation of the cage - 18 around the crankshaft - 12 is provided by bearings - 21, 22, and relative to the basic design - by thrust bearings - 23, 24.

2. It is necessary to ensure the optimal angle of attack of all 2N symmetrical aerodynamic wings - 1 with flaps - 3. This problem is solved by a computer or microprocessor, for example, according to a well-known algorithm (Yu.B. Sokolovsky, V.M. Rotkin. Theoretical and technical foundations of optimizing wind power plants. LuluPress, Inc. 2017. 112), calculating the angles of attack of aerodynamic wings for various airspeeds and movement of the device itself using information from a set of sensors (position sensor - 15 on the axis of the control wing, cassette speed sensor - 25, speed sensor VP - 17) and working them out with a reversible electric drive - 5 in each cassette - 4. In this case, each cassette moves "back and forth" within the path D (given by the design of the crankshaft - 12).

3. 2N symmetrical aerodynamic wings - 1 with flaps - 3 in 2 cassettes create a significant torque on the crankshaft - 12. The crankshaft 12 transmits rotation through the coupling to the electric power unit - 27 based on the electric generator.

The WU has 2N wings of small size on the axles. In addition, their front ends with hinges - 6 are united by a connecting bar - 13. This design minimizes vibrations on the wings, simplifying the requirements for the strength of the wing material, and reducing the cost of the VU. In addition, the electric power unit - 27 is located on the ground. With an increase in the power of the VU, its dimensions will increase mainly horizontally, reducing the overturning moment relative to powerful classical VEUGOs.

It is assumed that this design will show its advantages at a power of a separate installation from 0.5 MW. and the speed coefficient of the edge of the blade 2-3. It is necessary to modify the calculation methods in order to estimate the optimal dimensions of wings, flaps and their pitch. The use of wings with rotary flaps can significantly increase their aerodynamic efficiency, in comparison with the rotary wings of a fixed shape, as in the prototype, and reduce the power of the reversible electric drive of the simultaneous rotation of N wings (Rotkin V., Sokolovsky Yu., Azhmukhamedov I. ROTOR DARIE AND OPTIMIZED WIND TURBINES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS, 111-121 pp., No. 1 - 2020 "Caspian Journal: Management and High Technologies", 182 pp.).

Claims (1)

The wind-generating device consists of one-piece symmetrical aerodynamic wings fixed on axes passing through the midpoints of the wing chords, has a computer or microprocessor that controls the actuators for setting the angle of attack of the aerodynamic wings for various air flow velocities and the movement of the device itself using information from a set of sensors, which differs by the fact that two sets of N symmetrical aerodynamic wings with flaps in cassettes on wheels are installed, and the ends of the wings and flaps in each cassette are united by connecting bars, a position sensor is installed on the axis of the control wing in each cassette, and a position sensor is installed on the axis of the control flap in each cassette as an actuator for setting the angles of attack, a reversible electric drive is used, which ensures the optimal position of the angles of attack of all symmetrical aerodynamic wings of each cassette, but directed in opposite directions, each of the two x cassettes is connected to the crankshaft through a hinge and a rod and moves in a rectangular cage with an internal profile for the wheels of the cassettes back and forth, vane aerodynamic wings are fixed to the sides of the rectangular cage perpendicular to its plane on the leeward side with a bulge inside the rectangular cage, in the middle of the upper and lower sides the bearings are fixed last, through which the crankshaft passes, the position of the rectangular cage in the horizontal plane is fixed by the upper and lower support bearings built into the basic structure of the wind-generating device, and the crankshaft, having passed through the lower support bearing, is connected through a coupling to the electric power unit.

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