RU2778594C1 - Complex for water supply to steam generators - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: thermal engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of thermal engineering and can be used in water supply systems to steam generators from open water sources, such as lakes, seas or artificial reservoirs. The complex for supplying water to steam generators consists of an inlet pipe, which is connected at the first end to the first centrifugal pump, the second end with a water source, the second end has an inlet with a coarse filter, the outlet of the first centrifugal pump is connected to the tank by a battery with a sump, which is connected in series with the second centrifugal pump, the outlet of which is connected to the first water flow circuit, which is a system of ceramic pipes that connect the second centrifugal pump and the piston pump, the outlet of which is connected to the second water flow circuit, which is a system of ceramic pipes that connect a piston pump and a steam generator, the output of the steam generator is connected to a turbine and a generator, the first output of which is connected to the electric power consumer, and the second output is connected to the first centrifugal pump, the second centrifugal pump and the piston pump by means of connecting cables.

EFFECT: reduction in the cost of electricity for water supply to steam generators located at a considerable distance from the water source.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to systems for supplying water to steam generators from open water sources such as lakes, seas or artificial reservoirs. [F22D5/00].

Known from the prior art NUCLEAR STEAM PLANT WITH A REACTOR COOLED WITH WATER UNDER PRESSURE [RU2200990, publ. 03/20/2003], including a reactor, steam generators, main circulation pumps, main circulation pipelines, a volume compensator, cold water reservoirs, and the reactor, in turn, includes a high-pressure vessel, a cover, nozzles for drives of a fission chain reaction control system, large-diameter nozzles for supplying and draining water to the steam generator, as well as small-diameter nozzles connected to hydraulic tanks, a metal shaft, a block of protective tubes and an active zone formed by fuel assemblies, including rod-type fuel elements with zirconium alloy shells and uranium oxide pellets and guide tubes for absorber rods, which are connected by a rod placed in the protective tubes of the block of protective pipes, characterized in that the block of protective pipes with the help of an additional plate has a collector connected by pipelines to the nozzles in the shell of the block of protective pipes, which are coaxial with the holes in the metal shaft , inside lower branch pipes of the body and branch pipes connected to hydraulic tanks; the pressure compensator is connected to one of the pipelines connecting the reservoirs to the body or directly to the body; within this collector, in the protective tubes of the block of protective tubes, holes are made for the passage of cold water into them; protective tubes with control rod drive rods are equipped with additional protective tubes, at the upper end of which sealing spring-loaded elements are made, connected to the branch pipes of absorber rod drives; spring-loaded elements are equipped with movable ball sealing elements; FA guide tubes are perforated, with half of the guide tubes being perforated predominantly in the lower part of the core, while the rest of the guide tubes are perforated predominantly in the upper part of the core.

The disadvantages of this analogue are:

- low environmental friendliness of the analogue due to the use of a nuclear reactor;

- high structural complexity of the analogue;

- the inability to take and deliver water if the water source is located at a considerable distance from the reactor.

Also known from the prior art is a METHOD OF UNINTERRUPTED POWER SUPPLY FOR NPP'S OWN NEEDS [RU2702100, publ. 10/04/2019], containing steam generators, the main steam turbine plant (STP), high pressure (HPS) and low pressure (LPH) heaters, a deaerator, an additional steam turbine plant, condensers of the main and additional STP, condenser circulation pumps of the main and additional STP, high-speed reduction units with exhaust into the atmosphere (BRU-a) and with exhaust into the condenser of an additional turbine (BRU-k), electric generators of the main and additional STU, main feed pump, additional feed electric pump, condensate pumps of the condensers of the main and additional STP, steam distribution devices, oil switches, indoor switchgear (ZRU), while the inputs of the main and additional STU are connected by pipelines to the steam distribution device, the main and additional feed pumps are connected to the deaerator on one side and to the feed water path in front of the HPH on the other, BRU-k is connected to the steam distribution device P Before the additional PTU on one side and to the condenser of the additional PTU on the other, BRU-k is connected to the steam distribution device in front of the main PTU on the one hand and to the condenser of the main PTU on the other, BRU-a is connected to the steam distribution device, the condensate pump of the additional PTU is connected to the condenser an additional STP on one side and with a condensate path of the main STP after the condensate pump, the main STP before the low-pressure heaters on the other, the power generator of the main STP is synchronized with the power system, the electric generator of the additional STP is connected to the indoor switchgear through an oil switch, the power system through an oil switch and the auxiliary power supply system , characterized in that the additional PTU always works to supply power to auxiliary consumers used in the process of reactor cooldown during a blackout, including: an additional electric feed pump, condensate pumps of the main and additional PTU, circulation pumps of the main and additional PTU, oil pumps of the main and additional PTU, due to which, when the NPP is completely de-energized, the additional steam turbine plant continues to uninterruptedly generate the electricity necessary for the power supply of the plant’s own needs by using the steam generated in the steam generators due to the energy of the decay heat of the reactor core , while the excess part of the generated steam is sent through the BRU-k to the condensers of the main and additional PTU.

The disadvantages of this analogue are:

- low environmental friendliness of the analogue due to the use of a nuclear reactor;

- high structural complexity of the analogue.

The closest in technical essence is INSTALLATION WITH COMBINED CYCLE, BOILER DEVICE AND METHOD OF ITS WORK [US2018202322, publ. July 19, 2018]. The boiler is equipped with: condensate pumps (condensate pump and auxiliary condensate pump); a branch along which the water supplied by the condensate pumps branches in several directions; a low pressure drum that is connected to one (low pressure branch line) of the two lines; and a water supply pump which is connected to the second (high pressure branch line) line and which pumps water to the steam generator (high pressure evaporator).

The main technical problem of the prototype is the high cost of electricity for delivering water to steam generators located at a considerable distance from the water source, since the prototype does not provide for the possibility of taking and supplying water to the high-pressure evaporator if the water source is located at a considerable distance. In this connection, for the delivery of water, it will be necessary to use additional non-optimal and uneconomical means that require significant energy, and, in particular, electrical costs.

The objective of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to reduce the cost of electricity for delivering water to steam generators located at a considerable distance from the water source.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the complex for supplying water to steam generators consists of an inlet pipe, which is connected at the first end to the first centrifugal pump, the second end to the water source, the second end has an inlet with a coarse filter, the outlet of the first centrifugal pump connected to the accumulator tank with a sump, which is connected in series with the second centrifugal pump, the output of which is connected to the first water movement circuit, which is a system of ceramic pipes that connect the second centrifugal pump and the piston pump, the output of which is connected to the second water movement circuit , which is a system of ceramic pipes that connect a piston pump and a steam generator, the steam generator outlet is connected to a turbine and a generator, the first outlet of which is connected to an electrical consumer, and the second outlet is connected to the first centrifugal pump, the second centrifugal pump and piston pump via connecting cables.

In particular, the first water circuit connects one centrifugal pump with several piston pumps through a system of ceramic pipes.

In particular, several piston pumps are arranged in series in the second water circuit.

Brief description of the drawings

In FIG. 1 shows the general scheme of the complex for supplying water to steam generators.

In FIG. 2 shows a diagram of a complex for supplying water to steam generators and a power supply system.

In FIG. 3 shows the centrifugal pump of the complex for supplying water to the steam generators.

In FIG. 4 shows a diagram of the piston pump of the complex for supplying water to steam generators.

The figures indicate: 1 - water source; 2 - inlet; 3 - inlet tract; 4 - centrifugal pump; 5 - the first contour of the movement of water; 6 - ceramic pipes; 7 - piston pump; 8 - the second contour of the movement of water; 9 – steam generator; 10 - exhaust tract; 11 - inlet pipe; 12 - body; 13 - rotor; 14 - drive; 15 - outlet pipe; 16 - inlet valve; 17 - piston; 18 - connecting rod; 19 - crank; 20 - outlet valve; 21 - coarse filter; 22 - battery tank with a sump; 23 - turbine with a generator.

Implementation of the invention.

The complex for supplying water to steam generators includes a water source 1, which can be lakes, reservoirs, ponds, and other natural or artificial sources. In the water source 1 there is an inlet 2, which is part of the inlet 3. The inlet 3 can be a flexible or rigid pipe connected to a centrifugal pump 4. At the inlet of the inlet 3, at the inlet 2, there is a coarse filter 21, configured to filter large debris in the water source 1. At the outlet of the centrifugal pump 4 there is an accumulator tank with a sump 22, configured to store water from the water source 1 for a long time to remove silt formations and fine debris. At the outlet of the battery with a sump 22, there is a centrifugal pump 4, at the outlet of which there is the first water circuit 5, which is a system of ceramic pipes 6 connecting the centrifugal pump 4 and piston pumps 7. In this case, the first water circuit 5 can connect between themselves through a system of ceramic pipes 6 one centrifugal pump 4 with several piston pumps 7. At the outlet of the piston pump 7 there is a second water circuit 8, which is a system of ceramic pipes 6 connecting the piston pumps 7 and the steam generators 9. ceramic pipes 6 are made with the possibility of raising and lowering them into the heat exchanger of the steam generator 9. At the outlet of the steam generators there are exhaust tracts 10, made with the possibility of supplying steam to turbines with generators 23, which are made with the ability to power the pump group, namely centrifugal pumps 4 and piston pumps 7, through the system connection cable openings (shown in Fig. 2).

An implementation option is possible, when several piston pumps 7 are located in series in the second water circuit 8, so that water enters the steam generator 9 under high pressure.

At the inlet of the centrifugal pump 4 there is an inlet pipe 11, which is the end part of the inlet duct 3. The inlet pipe 11 connects the inlet duct 3 with the casing 12 of the centrifugal pump, inside which is located the rotor 13 connected to the drive 14, configured to rotate the rotor 13. On At the outlet of the centrifugal pump 4, there is an outlet pipe 15. At the same time, the space of the internal volume of the centrifugal pump 4 formed by the inlet pipe 11, the closed space in front of the rotor 13 and the closed space behind the rotor 13 is a space for the movement of water. The outlet pipe 15 connects the internal volume of the centrifugal pump 4 intended for the movement of water with the first circuit for the movement of water 5, namely with the inlet of the system of ceramic pipes 6.

At the inlet of the piston pump 7 there is an inlet valve 16, which is the end part of the first water circuit 5 and is configured to supply water to the internal volume of the piston pump 7. At least one piston 17 is located in the internal volume of the piston pump 7, which is configured to return progressive movement. The piston 17 is connected to the connecting rod 18, which is connected to the crank 19, one end of which is fixed in the center of the circle, and the other end is located on its radius. In this case, the second end of the crank 19 is made with the possibility of movement along the radius of the circle. In the opposite part of the internal volume of the piston pump 7 relative to the inlet valve 16, there is an outlet valve 20, which is configured to supply water to the internal volume of the ceramic pipes 6, forming the second water circuit 8.

The complex for supplying water to steam generators operates as follows: initially, water is taken from the water source 1 by a centrifugal pump 4 through the inlet 2 of the inlet path 3. Further, with the help of a coarse filter 21, the water is filtered from large debris, then the water enters the centrifugal pump 4 and then into the accumulator tank with a sump 22 where sludge is removed. Further, the purified water enters the next located centrifugal pump 4, passing through which, at the outlet, it receives the required pressure and enters the first water movement circuit. Further, due to the increased pressure, water enters through a system of ceramic pipes 6 into piston pumps 7, passing through which the water pressure again increases to the required value for further movement. Further, at the outlet of the piston pumps 7, water moves along the second water circuit 8 and enters the steam generators 9, then the resulting steam into the exhaust tracts 10 and turbines with generators 23. Part of the energy received goes to the consumer, and part feeds the pumping group through a system of connecting cables.

For safe operation, ceramic pipes 6 are raised and lowered into the heat exchanger of the steam generator 9, depending on the current temperature of the heat exchanger.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the cost of electricity for delivering water to steam generators located at a considerable distance from the water source is achieved due to the fact that at the inlet of the inlet path 3, at the inlet 2 there is a coarse filter 21, which prevents large debris from entering the water supply system, and at the outlet of the centrifugal pump 4 there is an accumulator tank with a sump 22, made with the possibility of long-term storage of water from the water source 1 for cleaning from silt formations and fine debris. These solutions prevent clogging of ceramic pipes 6. At the same time, a decrease in the likelihood of clogging leads to the fact that water experiences less resistance during movement, and as a result, less energy is spent on its delivery. To ensure the required range of water delivery: at the outlet of the accumulator with a sump 22, there is a centrifugal pump 4, at the outlet of which there is a first water circuit 5, which is a system of ceramic pipes 6 connecting the centrifugal pump 4 and piston pumps 7. And so how the water flow circuit 5 can connect to each other through a system of ceramic pipes 6 one centrifugal pump 4 with several piston pumps 7 according to the claimed technical solution, water can be delivered to several consumers. At the outlet of the piston pump 7, there is a second water circuit 8, which is a system of ceramic pipes 6 connecting piston pumps 7 and steam generators 9, which ensures further delivery of water under high pressure to end consumers. Ceramic pipes 6 are made with the possibility of raising and lowering them into the heat exchanger of the steam generator 9, which ensures the control of the system and its trouble-free operation. At the outlet of the steam generators, there are exhaust paths 10, configured to supply steam to turbines with generators 23, which are configured to power the pump group, namely centrifugal pumps 4 and piston pumps 7, through a system of connecting cables, which allows part of the energy received to be used to maintain water supply systems in working order, thereby reducing external energy costs and increasing energy efficiency.

The applicant in 2021 carried out an engineering calculation and simulation of the above described system, during which the claimed technical result was confirmed. The reduction in electricity costs for delivering water to steam generators located at a considerable distance from the water source was about 20-30%. At the same time, the use of centrifugal 4 and piston 7 pumps in various parts of the water supply system is justified by the calculations and their design features, in particular, piston pumps provide the best quality of operation when used at a height, away from the water source. The use of ceramic pipes 6 is justified by their resistance to acids and temperatures, reliability and long service life.

An example of achieving a technical result, let there be a source of water 1 in the form of a fresh lake and a consumer located at a distance of 1200 m at the top of the volcano. Based on the calculations, 2 centrifugal pumps 4 and 2 piston pumps 7 will be required to deliver water. Taking into account the fact that in the geographical area under consideration, the power supply for pumps is extremely difficult, this technical solution is relevant.

Claims (3)

1. The complex for supplying water to steam generators consists of an inlet pipe, which at its first end is connected to the first centrifugal pump, the second end is connected to a water source, the second end has an inlet with a coarse filter, the output of the first centrifugal pump is connected to an accumulator tank with a sump , which is connected in series with the second centrifugal pump, the output of which is connected to the first water circuit, which is a system of ceramic pipes, which interconnect the second centrifugal pump and the piston pump, the output of which is connected to the second water circuit, which is a system of ceramic pipes. pipes that connect the piston pump and the steam generator, the steam generator outlet is connected to the turbine and the generator, the first outlet of which is connected to the consumer of electricity, and the second outlet is connected to the first centrifugal pump, the second centrifugal pump and the piston pump by means of connecting cables. 2. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the first water movement circuit connects one centrifugal pump with several piston pumps through a system of ceramic pipes. 3. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that several piston pumps are located in series in the second water circuit.

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