RU2777902C1 - Vertical pillar-type grain aerator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and is intended for ventilation of grain materials, and can also be used for ventilation of the harvest of various agricultural crops. The aerator includes a pillar in the upper part of which a fan is installed. The pillar is supported by an air supply cone connected to the perforated part of the pillar, made in the form of platelike rings. Platelike rings have a larger base and a smaller base. The platelike rings are installed with a gap relative to each other and face up with a smaller base. The gap between the rings is smaller than the smaller diameter of the rings and larger than the total thickness of several elementary layers of grains.

EFFECT: reduction in energy consumption, an increase in functionality and ergonomics when ventilating grain with vertical pillars due to the introduction of air into the grain mass using non-latticed perforated devices.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and is intended for ventilating grain materials, and can also be used for ventilating crops of various agricultural products. cultures.

A grain aerator is known (RF patent No. 2578536, class A01F 25/08, published: 03/27/2016 Bull. No. 9), including columns with a lower perforated part, the perforations of which are smaller than the grain sizes.

The disadvantages of this aerator are:

- high energy consumption of grain ventilation due to the low open area of the perforated part of the columns, which causes high resistance to air flow when passing through the perforated part of the column;

- inconvenience in operation due to the constant size of the perforations of the perforated part, which leads to the need to have several columns for different crops with grains of different sizes.

The closest to the claimed aerator (RF patent No. 2728465, class A01F 25/08 and class F26B 9/103 published: 07/29/2020 Bull. No. 22) in terms of function and technical solution is an aerator that includes a column with a lower perforated part and fan.

The disadvantage of the known aerator is:

- high energy consumption of grain ventilation due to the limited open area of the perforated part of the columns, the walls of which have a low open area, causing high resistance to air flow when passing through the perforated part of the column;

- the impossibility of excluding the use of lattice surfaces with a limited free area (up to 37%) due to a decrease in the strength of the perforated part with an increase in its free area.

The objective of the invention is to reduce energy consumption, increase functionality and ergonomics when ventilating grain with vertical columns.

This problem is solved by the fact that the perforated part of the column is made in the form of dish-shaped rings installed with a gap relative to each other and facing the smaller base to the top, and the gap between the rings is smaller than the smaller diameter of the rings and larger than the total thickness of several elementary layers of caryopses.

The rings are installed with the possibility of vertical movement and changing the gap between them, and the angle between the generatrix of the rings and the horizontal is greater than 30° and less than 60°, i.e. 30<α<60.

The rings are perforated, and the distance from the larger base of the ring closest to the floor to the floor is less than the gap between the rings.

The execution of the perforated part of the column in the form of disc rings installed with a gap relative to each other and facing the smaller base to the top, allows several times to increase the free section of the perforated part of the free section due to the introduction of air flow into the grain embankment without the lattice surfaces traditionally used for these purposes . Installing the rings with the smaller base towards the top makes it possible to reduce the length of the generatrix of the rings, and, consequently, to reduce the resistance of the grain located on the underlying ring and to reduce the consumption of structural materials for the perforated part of the column.

The choice of the gap between the rings smaller than the smaller diameter of the rings ensures the optimal distribution of air flows in the annular spaces between the rings. Making the gap larger than the total thickness of several elementary layers of grains allows you to significantly increase the open area of the perforated part of the column.

Installing rings with the possibility of vertical movement and changing the gap between them allows you to use the same perforated part on different crops with grains of different sizes.

The fulfillment of the angle between the generatrix of the rings and the horizontal is greater than 30 ° and less than 60 °, i.e. 30<α<60, provides the minimum sufficient length of the forming rings, at which the grain does not wake up inside the annular space and thus a grain-free space is formed in the inner part of the rings, through which air enters the grain mass through the gaps between the rings.

Making the rings perforated makes it possible to further reduce the air flow resistance of the perforated part of the column.

Choosing the distance from the larger base of the ring closest to the floor to the floor less than the gap between the rings prevents spillage of grain into the inner annular space, which improves air distribution in the lower layer of the grain embankment.

In FIG. 1 shows a vertical axial section of a vertical column-type grain aerator placed in a grain mound. In FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a disc ring. In FIG. 3 - section A-A in Fig. one.

The grain aerator contains: column 1 in the upper part of which a fan 2 is installed. bases d _k1 < d _k2 and the length of the generatrix of the ring 1 _k . The disc rings are installed with a gap relative to each other and face the smaller base to the top, and the gap between the rings 1 _{C is} smaller than the smaller diameter d _k1 of the rings and larger than the total thickness of several elementary layers of caryopses.

The rings 4 are mounted on vertical studs 7 with the possibility of vertical movement and changing the gap between the rings _1c by adjusting the bolted connection 8. The angle between the generatrix of the rings 4 and the horizontal α is greater than 30° and less than 60°, i. 30<α<60. A set of rings 4 forms an intra-annular space 9 through which air is supplied to the grain mass.

The rings 9 can be made perforated, and the distance from the larger base 5 of the ring closest to the floor to the floor 1 ₀ is less than the gap between the rings.

The aerator works as follows. The air flow generated by the fan 2 through the column 1 and the cone 3 enters the inner annular space 9 formed by the rings 4, from where it enters the grain mass through the gaps between the rings.

The use of the inventive aerator provides a reduction in energy consumption, increased functionality and ergonomics when ventilating grain with vertical columns due to the introduction of air into the grain mass using non-sieve perforated devices.

Claims (3)

1. A vertical column-type grain aerator, including a column with a lower perforated part, a fan, characterized in that the perforated part is made in the form of disc rings installed with a gap relative to each other and facing the smaller base upwards, and the gap between the rings is smaller than the smaller diameter of the rings and greater than the total thickness of several elementary layers of grains. 2. Vertical grain aerator according to claim. 1, characterized in that the rings are installed with the possibility of vertical movement and changing the gap between them, and the angle between the generatrix of the rings and the horizontal is greater than 30° and less than 60°, i.e. 30<α<60. 3. Vertical grain aerator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rings are perforated, and the distance from the larger base, the ring closest to the floor, to the floor is less than the gap between the rings.

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