RU2776859C2 - Electrode system for determining coordinates of geometric center of two-dimensional area (options) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measuring equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention is used for the determination of the coordinates of a geometric center of a two-dimensional area. An electrode system contains measuring electrodes located within a border of a measuring area. Each measuring electrode has a surface that is part of an almost smooth surface set within the border of the measuring area. A shape, dimensions, and location of the measuring area are given. Measuring electrodes of the measuring area form a system of measuring electrodes of the measuring area, containing at least three measuring parts. Measuring electrodes in each of measuring parts are electrically interconnected and are connected to a corresponding output. At the same time, the system of measuring electrodes implements a function of the determination of the coordinates of a geometric center of a two-dimensional area in an area of intersection of the two-dimensional area and the measuring area in a system of coordinates of the measuring area, corresponding to the measuring area. Values of the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional area are expressed in the form of a system of values of electric capacities of measuring electrodes of measuring parts on outputs of measuring parts of the measuring area.

EFFECT: implementation of the purpose.

22 cl, 31 dwg

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY TO WHICH THE INVENTION RELATES

The invention relates to measuring devices using capacitive means. The system of electrodes implements the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region. The invention can find application in various devices where there is a need to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, in various fields of technology. For example, in measuring technology, in automation, in robotics and sensor devices.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A television device is known for determining the center of gravity of a homogeneous body of images of flat figures based on a television image. [USSR author's certificate 426144].

A known method for measuring the coordinates of the center of gravity of the image and a device for its implementation. [Patent RF SU - 2271145. 10.05.1994]. The device used to implement the method refers to television systems. The method relates to image processing.

The disadvantage of television devices is the presence of an error in determining the coordinates of the geometric center associated with optical distortions in the shape of the object, as well as an increased cost due to the presence of optical and television components in the device circuit.

A device is known [USSR Author's certificate N427635] for determining the coordinates of the center of gravity of a homogeneous body. The principle of operation of the device is to mechanically balance the body.

A known method for determining the center of gravity of a turbine blade [RF Patent SU - 2224228 20.02.2004]. The invention relates to static balancing of structures. The method is based on the fact that the blade is placed on a platform with a balancing support, the numerical value of the static moment of the blade is determined, then the position of the center of gravity.

The disadvantage of devices for determining the center of gravity of a homogeneous body by mechanical balancing is the presence of mechanical components in their design, which determines the increased cost for the purpose of measuring the geometric center of flat bodies.

Known electrocapacitive transducer for level measurement, containing a dielectric plate placed on one of its surfaces printed electrodes, forming the first measuring part and made in the form of geometric shapes, having a varying total width as a function of distance along the height direction, a common electrode and additional printed electrodes placed on one surface of the dielectric plate with the electrodes of the first measuring part and forming the second measuring part. The total width as a function of distance along the height direction of the electrodes of the first measuring part varies linearly. The electrodes of the second measuring part are made in the form of geometric shapes that complement the geometric shapes of the electrodes of the first measuring part until a constant total width is formed as a function of the distance along the height direction. [Patent RF RU 2087873 C1 20.08.1997]

An analysis of the design of an electrocapacitive transducer for level measurement showed that it can be used for another purpose - to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of a part of a two-dimensional region along one axis for flat bodies made of a homogeneous dielectric material.

A known electrocapacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, containing a dielectric plate, a common electrode and measuring electrodes [RF Patent RU 2 685 559 C1 22.04.2019]. The electrode system of the electrocapacitive transducer is the closest to this invention.

BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION

In 1994, an electrocapacitive level transducer was developed using printed electrodes with varying width along the height direction. Subsequently, the RF patent RU 2087873 C1 was obtained for the converter.

The electrocapacitive transducer was designed to measure the level of dielectric and electrically conductive liquids. The main goal of developing the level transducer was to find an electrode system for which the level output signal is proportional to the difference between the capacitance values of the electrodes of the first and second measuring parts, divided by the value obtained by adding the capacitance values of the first and second measuring parts, and subtracting the sum of the capacitances of the electrodes of the first and second measuring parts. parts not immersed.

The analysis showed that the output signal of the electrocapacitive level measurement transducer is proportional to the coordinate of the geometric center along one axis for the two-dimensional region of a part of a flat figure made of a homogeneous dielectric material located on the surface of the measuring region of the transducer. For a variant of an electrocapacitive level transducer with electrode insulation, the output signal is proportional to the coordinate along one axis of the geometric center of a part of the contact area formed, for example, as a result of deformation of the electrically conductive body when it comes into contact with the measuring surface of the transducer. In these cases, the area of contact is a two-dimensional area.

The development of the topic was reflected in the development of electrocapacitive transducers for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region. In 2019, a patent of the Russian Federation RU 2 685 559 C1 was obtained for an electrocapacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region. This invention provides for the use of a dielectric plate for placement of measuring electrodes, and therefore, it is not possible to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region on a curved surface. Also, the invention does not reveal the property of the system of electrodes, which allows to determine the geometric center of the two-dimensional area in the absence of contact of the body with the surface of the measuring area. These features significantly limit the scope of use of the electrocapacitive converter.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention includes a group of inventions. The group of inventions is expressed in the form of variants of a system of electrodes for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region.

The electrode system contains a system of measuring electrodes. The system of measuring electrodes implements the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional area in the area of intersection of the two-dimensional area and the measuring area in the corresponding measuring area in the coordinate system. The values of the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region are expressed as a system of values of the electrical capacitances of the measuring parts of the measuring electrodes. In an embodiment of the invention that uses a plurality of measurement regions, the electrode system is able to determine the coordinates of the geometric centers of several two-dimensional regions. Additionally, the electrode system may include a common electrode and a shield electrode.

The difference between the invention and the closest invention [RF patent RU 2 685 559 C1] is the possibility of using a system of measuring electrodes with their location on a curved surface. The essence lies in the fact that the groups of measuring electrodes and the measuring areas of the groups are strips with a constant and relatively small width in relation to their length. If these strips run along a smooth curved surface tangential to the surface, the strips hardly bend in the width direction. Therefore, the strips can be considered flat in the width direction with a high degree of accuracy. In this connection, the features of the invention regarding the design of the groups of measuring electrodes and the measuring areas of the groups are applicable to a curved surface. In the claims, the surface of the measuring electrodes is defined as the feature "each measuring electrode has a surface that is part of a practically smooth surface defined in the boundary of the measuring area". This feature allows the use of a measuring area with a curved surface. The ability to determine the coordinates of the geometric center on a curved surface makes it possible to use this invention for designing a sensory system of robotic arms.

The invention discloses a new property of the electrode system. An analysis of the design of the electrode system showed that the system of measuring electrodes in the general case implements the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region, taking into account the weights of the sections of the two-dimensional region. Taking into account the weights of the two-dimensional area sections means that the system of measuring electrodes is able to determine the geometric center of the two-dimensional area, the coordinates of which take into account the body relief, if the body is located at some distance from the surface of the measuring area of the electrode system. This property can be used in touch technology, for example, to implement contactless input of coordinates and selection of objects on the smartphone screen. The use of a plurality of measurement areas allows to determine the details of the relief of the surface of the body, close to the surface of the common measurement area. Which is useful when designing the sensory system of robotic arms.

The technical result of the invention is the realization of the purpose of the electrode system.

The invention can be used in various devices where there is a need to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, in various fields of technology. For example, in measuring technology, in automation, in sensor devices and robotics.

A promising field of application of the invention is robotics. An electrode system that is capable of operating on a curved surface can be used in the design of a sensory system for robotic arms whose "finger" surfaces are curved. At the same time, based on the invention, the tips of the “fingers” of the robot manipulator can be equipped with a new sensor system. Also useful is a function that will allow the robot to clarify the position of the object at a short distance using the “fingers” sensory system, determine the surface topography of the object and the amount of proximity to the object before capturing it.

In the example with the robot arm, the set of properties of the electrode system allows you to track the movement of the manipulator relative to objects in real time, at high speed. At the same time, during movement, accurately determine the profile of the surface of an object without touching it. This provides an improvement in the functions performed by the robot.

Terms and Definitions

The term "geometric center" of a two-dimensional region means the arithmetic mean of the positions of all points of the figure. Another name is "barycenter". For bodies made of homogeneous material under conditions of constant gravitation, the geometric center is equivalent to the center of gravity of the figure. For homogeneous bodies, the geometric center coincides with the center of mass and with the center of inertia. In many areas of technology, the gravitational field on the Earth's surface is considered constant, the material from which products are made is homogeneous, therefore it is legitimate to replace the geometric center with the center of gravity, barycenter or center of inertia. In practice, of all the terms, "center of gravity" is most often used, since. he is older. This term is widely used in construction and engineering. In this regard, the number of analogues of the invention, in addition to devices for determining the geometric center, includes devices for determining the "center of gravity", "center of mass", "center of inertia" and "barycenter".

The system of electrodes for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional area contains measuring electrodes, each measuring electrode has a surface that is part of a practically smooth surface specified in the boundary of the measuring area. Measuring electrodes of the measuring area form a system of measuring electrodes, which directly implements the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional area. Additionally, the electrode system may include a common electrode and a shield electrode.

Common electrode - an electrode that forms a given configuration of the electric field surrounding the measuring electrodes, and also performs the function of equalizing the electric field and shielding the measuring electrodes. The common electrode in the design of the electrode system may be absent. In versions of the electrode system, the functions of the common electrode can be performed by structural elements of the device in which the electrode system is used.

Measuring electrodes are electrodes that are directly designed to implement the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional area. The measuring electrodes are located within the boundaries of the measuring area and form a system of measuring electrodes. Each measuring electrode has a surface, which is part of a practically smooth surface defined in the boundary of the measuring area. For the variant with multiple measurement areas, a practically smooth surface is specified in the boundary of the common measurement area.

In an embodiment of the invention, the measuring electrodes are thin. To place the measuring electrodes, a dielectric substrate is provided, which can be made in the form of a flat or curved plate, as well as in the form of a shell with a curved surface. Other constructions of the measuring electrodes are possible as long as they do not conflict with the features of the invention.

Measuring part - part of the measuring electrodes, in which the measuring electrodes are electrically connected to each other and have a corresponding output.

Group of measuring electrodes - a group consisting of electrodes of different measuring parts, realizing the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a part of a two-dimensional area.

The measuring area is the area with the measuring electrodes, which is designed to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional area. The determination of the coordinates of the geometric center is implemented by a system of measuring electrodes, which are located in the boundary of the measuring area. In the system of electrodes using a plurality of measurement areas, within the boundaries of a common measurement area, a plurality of measurement areas are located with predetermined intervals, similar to mosaic elements. The shape and size of the measuring areas can be arbitrary. The outer boundaries of the plurality of measurement areas form a common measurement area.

The surface of the measurement area can be flat, curved or curved. In a variant, the surface of the measuring region coincides with the surface on which the measuring electrodes are located. In another embodiment, if there is an insulating element with a constant thickness on the outer side of the measuring electrodes, for example, an insulating layer of a dielectric substrate, the outer surface of the insulating element is conditionally considered the surface of the measuring region, which is conjugated with the surfaces of the electrodes. As shown in the description of the invention, the characteristics of the insulating element do not affect the implementation of the main purpose of the electrode system, so this surface can be taken as the surface of the measuring area, which is displaced by a small distance at all points of the surface perpendicular to the surface on which the measuring electrodes are placed.

A two-dimensional region is a region that is formed on the two-dimensional surface of the measuring region as a result of a local change in the parameters of the electric field near this surface under the influence of a material body. In the system of electrodes for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional area for bodies made of a homogeneous dielectric material, the surface of a flat body touches the surface of the measuring area and forms a two-dimensional area on the surface of the measuring area. In the electrode system for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional area for the electrically conductive body, the touch area formed as a result of the deformation of the body at the point of contact with the measurement area is also a two-dimensional area. In the case of an electrically conductive body approaching the surface of the measuring region, a thickening of the electric field lines of force is formed on its surface, which forms a two-dimensional region.

The electrode system in the description of the invention is considered in conjunction with a dielectric substrate. The dielectric substrate performs the function of fixing the measuring electrodes and isolating them. An insulating substrate layer is used to isolate the measuring electrodes. The dielectric substrate may have an arbitrary shape. For fixing and insulating the measuring electrodes, another constructive dielectric element can be used, which has a practically smooth surface in the boundary of the measuring area, which, depending on the area of use of the electrode system, may have a different name. Therefore, in the independent claims, the location characteristics and the design of the electrode system are described without the use of a dielectric substrate or other structural element. Specific design features of the electrode system using a dielectric substrate are given in the variants of the invention in the dependent claims, as well as in the description of the essence of the variants of the electrode system.

To simplify the presentation of the essence of the invention, in most variants of the electrode system, a dielectric substrate with a flat surface is used, which is made in the form of a flat plate. Features of the principle of operation of the system of electrodes with a curved and curved surface are described in additional versions of the system of electrodes.

The term "smooth surface" is used in a mathematical sense - a surface that is formed by a continuously differentiable function within the boundaries of a domain. With regard to practice, a smooth surface is a two-dimensional surface without sharp bends, protrusions and recesses.

The invention uses a coordinate system associated with a plurality of measurement electrodes for the measurement area. The abscissa axis of the coordinate system is indicated by the symbol X, and the ordinate axis by the symbol Y. The Y axis is orthogonal to the X axis. The X and Y axes of the coordinate system and the coordinate grid are located on the surface of the measurement area. For a measurement area whose surface is concave or convex, a coordinate grid is used, which is obtained by deforming the coordinate grid of a flat surface.

In the measuring area, for each of the sets of measuring electrodes, a dedicated coordinate system is defined. In this coordinate system, in the section of the measuring electrodes of the set with the abscissa axis, the total width of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part is equal to the total width of the electrodes of the second measuring part. The condition of equality of the total width of the first and total width of the second measuring parts in the cross section with the abscissa axis must also be observed for each of the groups of the plurality of measuring electrodes. This coordinate system is referred to as "local coordinate system of the plurality of measuring electrodes".

The coordinate systems of the plurality of measuring electrodes of the measuring area are dependent and can be replaced by a single coordinate system. This coordinate system is called "measurement area coordinate system". The origin of this coordinate system can be aligned with the point of intersection of the abscissa axes of the local coordinate systems of the two sets of measuring electrodes and with the geometric center of the measuring area. Such a coordinate system is referred to within the scope of the invention as the local coordinate system of the measurement area.

1. System of electrodes for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region.

The purpose of the electrode system is to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region. The electrode system corresponds to paragraph 1 of the claims.

The electrode system has the following features of the claims.

An electrode system for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, containing measuring electrodes. Moreover, the measuring electrodes are located in the boundary of the measuring area, each measuring electrode has a surface, which is part of a practically smooth surface specified in the boundary of the measuring area. The shape, dimensions and location of the measuring area are specified. Measuring electrodes of the measuring area form a system of measuring electrodes of the measuring area containing at least three measuring parts, the measuring electrodes in each of the measuring parts are electrically connected to each other and connected to the corresponding output. In this case, the system of measuring electrodes implements the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region in the area of intersection of the two-dimensional region and the measuring region in the corresponding measuring region to the coordinate system of the measuring region. The values of the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region are expressed as a system of values of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts at the leads of the measuring parts of the electrode system.

The features of the invention in the independent claim are summarized.

Features of the invention "moreover, the measuring electrodes are located in the boundary of the measuring area, each measuring electrode has a surface that is part of a practically smooth surface specified in the boundary of the measuring area" are given in the form of options for specific designs in paragraphs. 12-15 of the claims. Description of the electrode system according to paragraphs. 12-15 are shown in options 1.11-1.14 of the electrode system.

The feature of the invention formula "the measuring electrodes of the measuring area form a system of measuring electrodes of the measuring area containing at least three measuring parts, the measuring electrodes in each of the measuring parts are electrically connected to each other and connected to the corresponding terminal" combines the features of the electrode system, which are given in paragraphs . 6-8 and p. 21 of the claims. Description of the electrode system according to paragraphs. 6-8 and p. 21 are given in versions of the electrode system 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 and 2.3, in which there are three measuring parts, and in versions 1.3, 2.2, where four measuring parts are used. The measuring parts are characterized by the fact that the measuring electrodes of each of the measuring parts are interconnected and connected to the corresponding output. At the same time, there are no fundamental restrictions in increasing the number of measuring parts over four, in one measuring area. It should be noted that increasing the number of measuring parts over eight is irrational, because the number of withdrawals increases.

The functional feature "measuring electrode system implements the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional area in the area of intersection of the two-dimensional area and the measuring area in the corresponding measuring area of the coordinate system" replaces the design features of the measuring electrode system given in paragraph 2 of the claims of the electrode system for determining the coordinates of the geometric center two-dimensional area. Such a replacement is permissible due to the fact that the implementation of the function given in the feature of the claims has been proven. The proof is given in the description of the variant of the electrode system under the number 1.1.

1.1 Electrode system for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional area for bodies made of electrically conductive material Common to all variants is that the electrodes of the measuring parts are made in accordance with the essential features of the invention, in the form of conditions. These conditions can be written in the form of mathematical dependencies for the shape, size and relative position of the geometric shapes of the measuring electrodes. Therefore, to prove the implementation of the main purpose for all variants of the electrode system, it is sufficient to consider mathematical dependencies based on the conditions given in the claims for one variant with a specific electrode design. To prove the implementation of the purpose, a variant of the electrode system was chosen to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region for electrically conductive bodies.

This option includes the features given in paragraphs of paragraph 1, paragraph 2, paragraph 4, paragraph 5, paragraph 9 and paragraph 13 of the claims. Clause 4 characterizes the design of the measuring electrodes in the form of trapezoids, clause 5 - the scheme for connecting the electrodes and connecting the leads, clause 9 - the design and location of the common electrode, clause 13 specifies the design of the dielectric substrate in the form of a flat dielectric plate.

The electrode system is shown in Fig. 1 and FIG. 2. The figures of FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are intended to explain the principle of operation. For a graphical illustration of a variant of the electrode system, measuring electrodes in the form of trapezoids were used, in accordance with paragraph 4 of the claims. Features of the variant of the electrode system according to claim 4 of the claims are considered additionally, in the variant numbered 1.2.

The purpose of the electrode system variant is to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region for bodies made of an electrically conductive material.

The electrode system is characterized by the following features of the invention.

An electrode system characterized in that the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region in the area of intersection of the two-dimensional region and the measuring region, in the coordinate system corresponding to the measuring region, is implemented due to the following. Measuring electrodes of the measuring area form a system of measuring electrodes, which contains two sets of measuring electrodes, the measuring electrodes of each of the sets form the first and second measuring parts corresponding to the set. The shape, dimensions and arrangement of the measuring electrodes of each of the sets are defined in separate coordinate systems corresponding to the sets, and the ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the measuring electrodes of the first set is located at a predetermined non-zero angle to the ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the measuring electrodes of the second set. For any given first or second plurality, the measurement electrodes are divided into uniform measurement electrode groups, with the measurement electrode groups located in the measurement region at regular intervals along the x-axis. Each of the groups contains a part of the first and second measuring parts corresponding to the plurality of measuring electrodes. In each of the groups of the set, the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part are made in the form of geometric figures, the total width of which along the abscissa axis direction as a function of distance along the direction of the ordinate axis changes linearly, the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part are made in the form of geometric figures that complement the geometric figures of the first measuring electrodes. measuring part until the formation of a constant total width along the direction of the abscissa axis as a function of the distance along the direction of the y-axis. The measuring electrodes of the groups are made and arranged in such a way that in any section of the measuring electrodes of the groups parallel to the abscissa axis, the difference between the total width of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part and the total width of the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part, calculated within one complete group and one section, is a constant value in this section for other complete groups, in any section of the measuring electrodes of the groups parallel to the abscissa axis, the line calculated within the framework of one complete group and one section, the total width of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts is a constant value in this section for other complete groups, and the full groups have a total the composition of the measuring electrodes in the cross section. The measuring electrodes of the measuring parts are connected to the corresponding electrical terminals in accordance with the connection diagram of the electrodes and terminal connections. The values of the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region are expressed as a system of values of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts of the measuring region.

In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 shows the main structural elements of an embodiment of the electrode system 101 for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region for an electrically conductive body. The measuring electrodes are located on a dielectric substrate 102, which is made in the form of a plate with a flat surface. The common electrode 106 is located on the side of the dielectric substrate 102 that is opposite to the side with the measuring electrodes. Measuring electrodes 103 are located on a dielectric substrate in the boundary of the measuring area 110, the shape, dimensions and location of which are specified and form a system of measuring electrodes of the measuring area. To isolate the measurement electrodes, an insulating layer 111 is provided over the measurement electrodes 103. The measurement area measurement electrode system comprises two sets of measurement electrodes. The measuring electrodes of each of the sets form the first and second measuring parts corresponding to the set. In FIG. 2, the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part of the first set are indicated by 112, the second measuring part of the first set by 113, the first measuring part of the second set by 114, the second measuring part of the second set by 115. The shape, dimensions and location of the measuring electrodes of each of the sets are determined in separate, corresponding to sets, coordinate systems. In FIG. 2, the first set corresponds to the coordinate system 116, the second set - 117. Moreover, the ordinate axis of the coordinate system 116 of the measuring electrodes of the first set is located at a predetermined non-zero angle to the ordinate axis 117 of the coordinate system of the measuring electrodes of the second set. For any given first or second plurality, the measurement electrodes are divided into uniform groups of measurement electrodes. One of the groups of measuring electrodes of the first set is indicated by the number 118. Groups of measuring electrodes in the border of the measuring area with uniform intervals along the abscissa, within the boundaries of the respective measuring areas of the groups 125 and 126 of the measuring electrodes.

In Fig.3 and Fig.4 shows part 121 of the system of measuring electrodes, in order to explain the principle of operation in which two groups of measuring electrodes 118 and 119 included in the first set. For convenience of explanation, the groups of measuring electrodes are located within the boundaries of the measuring area 120, which is rotated so that the y-axis of the coordinate system 116 is vertical. This area does not coincide with the measurement area 110 shown in FIG. 2. In this case, the measuring electrodes 112 and 113 are inscribed in the boundary of the measuring region 120. In FIG. 3 shows a body 122 of an electrically conductive material that has a flat contact surface with the surface of the measurement area 120. The body is capacitively coupled C1 to a common electrode 106. FIG. 4, the surface of the measurement area 120 shows a two-dimensional contact area 123, which is formed by the body contact surface. The number 124 marks the boundary of the two-dimensional area of contact 123. The measuring electrodes of groups 118 and 119 are located within the boundaries of the respective measuring areas 137 and 138 of the groups of measuring electrodes. The measurement electrode groups are composed of the measurement electrodes 112 and 113 included in the first and second measurement portions of the first set, respectively. The dimensions of the measuring electrodes, the measuring areas of the groups and the electrically conductive body are shown not to scale in terms of width. The measuring electrode system 121 realizes the function of determining the geometric center of a two-dimensional region along one axis.

From the composition of the system of measuring electrodes, we first consider a separate group of measuring electrodes, which is indicated in Fig. 4 number 118. A single group of measuring electrodes implements the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a part of a two-dimensional region along one axis.

In each of the groups of measuring electrodes of the plurality, the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part are made in the form of geometric figures, the total width of which along the direction of the abscissa axis as a function of the distance along the direction of the ordinate axis changes linearly. Measuring electrodes of the second measuring part are made in the form of geometric shapes that complement the geometric shapes of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part until a constant total width is formed along the abscissa axis as a function of distance along the ordinate axis.

To determine the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region, a body 122 is placed on the surface of the measurement region of the dielectric substrate part 121, which forms a two-dimensional region 123 of contact with the surface of the measurement region 120 on the surface of the measurement region 120 and crosses the measurement region 137 of the group of measuring electrodes 118. The two-dimensional region 123 is shown without maintaining proportions in relative sizes.

In the two-dimensional area of contact between the electrically conductive surface of the body and the electrodes of the measuring parts included in the group of measuring electrodes, capacitors are formed. In this case, the capacitance of the measuring electrodes 112 of the first measuring part can be calculated as the sum of two components. The first component is formed by the capacitance of the capacitor, the plates of which are the measuring electrodes 112 of the first measuring part and the surface of the common electrode 106. This component is the "passive" component of the electrical capacitance of the measuring electrodes. The capacitance corresponds to the electrical capacitance of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part in the absence of a body. The capacitance of the second component is formed by a capacitor, one of the plates of which is a conductive two-dimensional contact surface of the electrically conductive body, forming a two-dimensional contact area, the second plate is formed by the electrodes of the first measuring part. This capacitance component is referred to as "excess capacitance".

The total capacitance of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part is equal to

Where:

C ₁ - the value of the sum of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part;

C ₀₁ - the value of the sum of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part in the absence of a body;

S ₁ - the area of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part in the area of intersection of the two-dimensional area of contact with the measuring area of the group of measuring electrodes;

K ₁ - coefficient of proportionality between the area and the excess electrical capacitance of the measuring electrodes.

For a variant of the system of electrodes for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with a layer of a dielectric substrate insulating the electrodes, the coefficient K ₁ is equal to

Where:

ε ₀ - dielectric constant;

d ₁ - the thickness of the insulating measuring electrodes of the dielectric layer in the area of contact;

ε ₁ - relative permittivity of the material of the layer insulating the measuring electrodes.

A similar dependence can be written for the capacitance of the measuring electrodes 113 of the second measuring part

Where:

C ₂ - the value of the sum of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part;

C ₀₂ - the value of the sum of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part in the absence of a body.

S ₂ - the area of the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part in the area of intersection of the two-dimensional area of the body with the measuring area.

The total value of the area of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part, limited from above and below by two line segments 128 and 129 parallel to the direction of the abscissa axis X, is equal to

Where:

S' ₁ - the area of the limited area of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part;

l ₁ - the length of the trapezium of the measuring electrodes;

l ₁₂ - the total width of the large bases of the trapezium of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part;

l ₁₃ - the total width of the small bases of the trapezium of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part;

Δy \u003d y ₂ -y ₁

The y-coordinate is defined as the y-axis coordinate of the center of the bounded area, relative to the origin of the y-axis coordinate system. four

The value of the area of the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part, limited from above and below by the same line segments, is equal to

Where:

S' ₂ - the area of the limited area of the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part;

l ₂₂ - the total width of the large bases of the trapezium of the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part;

l ₂₃ - the total width of the small bases of the trapezium of the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part.

Based on the condition of the claims, according to which the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts complement each other until a constant width is formed, the equality can be written

Analysis of expressions (4) and (6) taking into account (7) shows that the coordinate of the center of the limited area along the Y axis can be expressed through the limited areas of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts

Due to the fact that the total figure, composed of the limited areas of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts, has a constant width along the X axis as a function of the distance along the Y axis and is limited from above and below along the Y axis by line segments 128 and 129 parallel to the X axis, the center of this figure along the Y axis coincides with the geometric center of the bounded area.

Therefore, for the geometric center of a limited area, we can write the expression

Where:

The line segments 128 and 129 are segments of a piecewise constant approximation of the upper and lower portions of the boundary 124 of the two-dimensional area 123 of contact.

The analysis shows that such an approximation, due to inaccurate coincidence with the upper and lower parts of the boundary of the two-dimensional contact area, is a source of error in determining the coordinates of the geometric center. The approximation error depends on the total width of the system of measuring electrodes of the group and tends to zero in the case of a relative decrease in the width with respect to the height of the measuring electrodes. In this case, the upper and lower sections of the boundary of the two-dimensional body approach the segments of the piecewise-constant approximation. In this connection, for a system of measuring electrodes with a relatively small total width, the approximation error can be neglected and the following equalities can be written

Taking into account expressions (1), (3) and (12), the areas of the measuring electrodes can be expressed as

Substituting S' ₁ and S' ₂ into expression (9) we obtain a formula for calculating

coordinates of the geometric center along one axis of the two-dimensional area in the area of intersection of the measuring area and the two-dimensional area of contact of the body

Where:

G _Y - the value of the coordinate of the geometric center of the two-dimensional area of the body along the ordinate axis in the area of intersection of the two-dimensional area with the measurement area;

a ₁ - coefficient that determines the sensitivity of the system of electrodes along the y-axis, depending on the design of the measuring electrodes;

and ₂ is the coefficient that determines the location of the origin of the coordinate system along the ordinate axis relative to the measuring electrodes.

For a variant of the electrode system, in which the total areas of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts are equal to each other, the coefficients have the following values

If the areas of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts are equal, the difference in the electrical capacitances C ₀₂ -C ₀₁ is equal to zero. Therefore, expression (15) can be written as

or

The coefficient a ₂ , which determines the origin of the geometric center relative to the measuring electrodes along the ordinate axis Y, in expressions (4) and (6) is given relative to the location of the abscissa axis X of the coordinate system 127 of the plurality of measuring electrodes passing through the line of the lower bases of the trapezoids (see Fig. four). Expressions similar to (4) and (6) can be written with the origin of the coordinate system along the Γ axis relative to the upper bases of the trapezoids or with a given offset from the bases of the trapezoids. Such a notation does not change the form of formula (15). Therefore, formula (15) reflects the general case when a coordinate system with an arbitrarily given value of the coefficient a ₂ is chosen.

In practice, it is convenient to take the coefficient a ₂ equal to zero. In this case, the axis

the abscissa X passes through the section of the measuring electrodes, in which the total width of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part is equal to the total width of the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part. This coordinate system is referred to as the "local coordinate system" of the plurality of measurement electrodes. The local coordinate system in Fig. 4 is numbered 116.

Thus, the implementation by a group of measuring electrodes of the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a part of a two-dimensional region along one axis is considered proven.

When deriving formula (15), to calculate the coordinate of the geometric center of a part of the two-dimensional region, a piecewise constant approximation of the upper and lower boundaries of the two-dimensional region was used. Piecewise constant approximation is a source of error in determining the coordinates of the geometric center. The error tends to zero in the case of a relative decrease in the width of the pieces of the piecewise-constant approximation along the abscissa. In FIG. 4 shows line segments 128 and 129 of the piecewise constant approximation corresponding to a group of measuring electrodes 118 of the measuring electrodes, which are parallel to the abscissa axis and line segments 131 and 132 corresponding to another group 119. the measuring electrodes of the corresponding groups are located. In FIG. 4 it can be seen that with the help of two approximation sections, the approximation of the boundary of the two-dimensional region can be performed more accurately than with the use of one section. In practical implementation, the number of used measuring areas of groups of measuring electrodes is limited only by the resolution of the photolithographic process of applying measuring electrodes to a dielectric substrate and can reach several hundreds in the measuring area. In this case, the width of the measuring area of the group of measuring electrodes can be several tens of micrometers. By using a plurality of measuring electrode groups, the entire two-dimensional contact area is placed within the measuring area. Additionally, the error of the piecewise constant approximation is reduced.

In accordance with the claims of the invention, the measuring electrodes of the groups are made and located in such a way that in any section of the measuring electrodes of the groups parallel to the abscissa axis by line 133 (Fig. 4), the difference between the total width of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part and the total the width of the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part is a constant value in this section for other full groups, in any section of the measuring electrodes of groups parallel to the abscissa axis, the line calculated within one full group and one section, the total width of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts is a constant value in this section for other full groups, and full groups have the full composition of the measuring electrodes in the cross section.

Due to the fact that the measuring electrodes are located in the boundary of the measuring area, which is not necessarily rectangular, the measuring electrodes of groups located near the boundary of the measuring area can be cut off along the boundary, while the group located on the edge in the section parallel to the abscissa axis by the line will have an incomplete the composition of the measuring electrodes. In this case, to find the sums and differences of the total width of the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts of groups, groups with an incomplete composition of the measuring electrodes in the cross section cannot be used. At the same time, an incomplete group of measuring electrodes can be conditionally supplemented with parts that have been cut off until a complete group is formed in the section. The groups of measuring electrodes thus completed are considered complete groups and are used to characterize the measuring electrodes of the groups in this feature of the invention.

The considered features of the invention, in essence, limit the design of the measuring electrodes in groups and their relative position within the same image, according to which for different groups the corresponding coefficients a ₁ and a ₂ to formula (15) are equal to each other for all groups. This means that the measuring electrodes of all groups have the same sensitivity, and that the origin of the coordinate system along the ordinate axis for all groups of measuring electrodes of the set is the same.

In the claims, to characterize the arrangement of groups of measuring electrodes, the sign is given: "groups of measuring electrodes are located in the measuring area at regular intervals along the abscissa axis." The term "even intervals" means that the intervals between groups of measuring electrodes may not be strictly constant, but their variability is limited to some given interval. In this case, the inaccuracy of the uniform distribution over a given interval can be neglected.

The specification of the uniform distribution function is given in the dependent claims of clause 3 and clause 18 of the claims in the form of the following feature of the invention “each group of measuring electrodes is located in the measuring area at the boundary of the corresponding measuring area of the group, while the measuring areas of the groups have almost the same width in the directions along the abscissa axes and are located practically without gaps between the boundaries of the groups in directions along the abscissa axis. The word "practically" means that the condition may not be accurate. In this case, the magnitude of the inaccuracy is associated with errors that arise in practice in determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region. For example, in the case of arrangement of the measuring areas of the groups of measuring electrodes on a curved surface, between the boundaries of the measuring areas of the groups of measuring electrodes in some places there may be gaps. For a flat surface, there are no gaps between the boundaries of the measuring regions of the groups.

In accordance with the features of the claims, the total width along the abscissa as a function of the distance along the ordinate for each group of measuring electrodes is a constant value. The measuring electrodes of all groups in sections parallel to the abscissa axis have the same width. The measuring areas of each group of measuring electrodes have practically the same width, which also does not change along the abscissa. Therefore, the area of intersection of the measuring electrodes of each group with a two-dimensional area can be related to the area of intersection of the two-dimensional area with the measuring area of a group of measuring electrodes, by introducing a proportionality factor

where:

S'' - the area of intersection of the two-dimensional area with the measuring area of the group of measuring electrodes;

K ₂ - coefficient of proportionality;

S ₁ +S ₂ - the area of the area of intersection of the two-dimensional area 123 with the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts of the group.

Due to the fact that the systems of measuring electrodes of each of the groups have the same sensitivity and are located in the measuring area in the same coordinate system, taking into account expression (20), for the geometric center of the two-dimensional area along the Y axis, we can write

Where:

G _Y - coordinate of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region along the Y-axis;

- координата геометрического центра области пересечения двумерной области соприкосновения 123 тела и измерительной области группы измерительных электродов с номером i, по оси ординат Y;

- the coordinate of the geometric center of the area of intersection of the two-dimensional area of contact 123 of the body and the measuring area of the group of measuring electrodes with the number i, along the Y-axis;

- площадь области пересечения двумерной области 123 с измерительными электродами первой и второй измерительных частей группы, для группы измерительных электродов с номером i.

- the area of the area of intersection of the two-dimensional area 123 with the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts of the group, for the group of measuring electrodes with the number i.

правой частью выражения (21) с учетом выражений (9) и (12), для координаты геометрического центра двумерной области получаемBased on expression (21), by replacing

the right side of expression (21), taking into account expressions (9) and (12), for the coordinate of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region, we obtain

Taking into account the expressions for the capacitances of the electrodes (1) and (3)

The sums of the capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts of the groups of measuring electrodes are equal to the respective sums of the capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts of the measuring area. Therefore, the following equalities are true

As a result of substituting these sums into expression (23), we obtain a formula for calculating the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, which is identical to formula (15).

In this regard, the implementation of the function of determining the coordinates of a two-dimensional region along one axis, using two measuring parts of a plurality of measuring electrodes, is considered proven.

In accordance with the claims, the measuring area contains two sets of measuring electrodes. The measuring electrodes of each of the sets form the first and second measuring parts corresponding to the set. The shape, dimensions and location of the measuring electrodes of each of the sets are defined in separate coordinate systems corresponding to the sets, and the ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the measuring electrodes of the first set is located at a predetermined non-zero angle to the ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the measuring electrodes of the second set. The measuring electrodes of the measuring parts are connected to the corresponding electrical terminals in accordance with the connection diagram of the measuring electrodes and terminal connections. The values of the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region are expressed as a system of values of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts at the terminals of the electrode system.

In this case, the geometric center of the two-dimensional region is at the intersection of two lines. The first line is perpendicular to the ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the first set of measuring electrodes and has the coordinate of the geometric center measured using the first set of measuring electrodes, the second line is perpendicular to the ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the second set and has a coordinate equal to the measured value of the coordinate of the geometric center along the ordinate axis by means of the second set of measuring electrodes. electrodes. The first and second lines are identical to the two equilibrium axes of the two-dimensional region, the intersection of which determines the location of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region. The values of the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region are expressed as a system of values of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts.

Thus, the purpose of the electrode system, which consists in determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region formed by the contact of the electrically conductive body with the surface of the measuring region of the electrode system, is considered proven.

As shown in the description of the invention, the use of different versions of the dielectric substrate and the common electrode does not change the form of the basic formulas (15), (25) and (26) for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region. Therefore, the implementation of the assignment "determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region" extends to the varieties described in the invention and their variants.

According to the invention, the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts are connected to the corresponding electrical terminals in accordance with the connection diagram of the measuring electrodes and terminal connections. The values of the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region are expressed as a system of values of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts at the terminals of the electrode system. The electrode system allows for a variety of electrode connection patterns and lead connections. Scheme options are given in the options for the electrode system. The coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region are connected by a system of capacitances of the measuring parts by mathematical dependencies. Mathematical dependencies are given in the description of the options for the connection diagrams of the electrodes and the connection of the outputs.

In the electrode system shown in FIG. 1, two coordinate systems 116 and 117 corresponding to the first and second sets of measurement electrodes are used to determine the geometric center of the two-dimensional region. Coordinate systems are dependent on each other, because the y-axis of the coordinate system 116 of the first set is inclined at a predetermined angle relative to the y-axis of the coordinate system 117 of the second set. These systems can be converted to one coordinate system, which is designated as the measurement area coordinate system. The recalculation of the positions of the measuring electrodes and the position of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region from the coordinate systems 116 and 117 of individual sets of measuring electrodes into the coordinate system of the measuring region is performed according to known formulas. Accordingly, in the coordinate system of the measuring area, the shape, dimensions and arrangement of the measuring electrodes can be determined.

The most convenient for use is the coordinate system 135 of the measuring area, in which the origin coincides with the intersection point of the abscissa axes 136 of the local coordinate systems 116 and 117 of the first and second sets. Such an electrode system coordinate system is referred to as the "local coordinate system of the measurement area". Meanwhile, in a variant, the y-axis of the coordinate system, as shown in FIG. 1 is rotated so that this axis coincides with the direction of one of the sides of the plate-like dielectric substrate 102.

The analysis shows that there are systems of measuring electrodes in which the electrodes of two sets, as well as their leads, can be located on the same surface. Options for these electrode systems are given in claims 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. The options are based on the properties of the electrode system, in which the measuring electrodes are made in the form of trapezoids. To illustrate the properties in Fig.5 and Fig.6. shows a group of 212 measuring electrodes in the form of trapezoids. The trapezoids of the measuring electrode group 212 may be inclined by a predetermined angle ϕ ₁ with respect to the Y-axis of the coordinate system 216, as shown in FIG. 5. In the case of tilting the trapezoids by shifting the upper bases along the abscissa axis X, their total width, determined along the abscissa axis, and the dependence of the change in the total width along the direction of the ordinate axis Г for the measuring electrodes 202 or 203 of the measuring parts do not change. With the slope of the trapezium, the area of the trapezium does not change either. For the plurality of inclined measuring electrode groups, the coordinate system of the plurality of measuring electrodes will not change. Therefore, tilted electrodes, for the purpose of determining the uniaxial coordinate of a two-dimensional region, are equivalent to non-tilted electrodes. The measuring electrodes of the measuring parts included in the group, as shown in FIG. 6 can be inscribed in the predetermined measuring area 214 of the group of measuring electrodes by cutting them at the boundary of the measuring area and lengthening them by extending the lines of the sides of the trapezoids to the boundary of the measuring area of the group. The measuring electrodes of a plurality of groups can also be inscribed in a predetermined measuring area. In this case, inscribed and elongated measuring electrodes within a given measuring area correspond to the features of the invention. Cutting and elongation of the measuring electrodes do not change the features of the invention, do not change the coordinate system of the plurality of measuring electrodes and the values of the coefficients in formula (15), due to the fact that the coordinates of the geometric center are determined on the basis of the excess electrical capacitance of the measuring electrodes using sections of the measuring electrodes only in the area of intersection of the two-dimensional area with the measuring area.

These properties make it possible to create electrode systems consisting of two or more sets of measuring electrodes, in which the measuring electrodes of the sets, when located on the surface, do not cross each other. When this system of measuring electrodes correspond to the characteristics of paragraph 2 of the claims.

One such measuring electrode system is used in the electrode system option 1.2, which is described below.

1.2 Variant of the system of electrodes for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with the location of the measuring electrodes, connecting conductors and leads on one surface of the dielectric substrate layer

A variant of the electrode system corresponds to paragraph 4 of the claims. The essence of the electrode system is considered on the example of a variant of the electrode system with four leads from the measuring parts according to claim 5 of the claims. The design of the electrode system is considered taking into account the features of the options according to clauses 9 and 13. Item 9 specifies the design and location of the common electrode, item 13 - the design of the dielectric substrate in the form of a flat dielectric plate. A variant of the electrode system is shown in Fig. 9. The drawings of FIG. 1 are used to explain the essence. 7 and FIG. eight.

The variant is characterized by the following features of the invention.

An electrode system for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, characterized in that in order to ensure the location of the measuring electrodes, connecting conductors and leads on the same surface, the measuring electrodes are made in the form of trapezoids. For groups of measuring electrodes 218 (see Fig. 7) included in the first set located at the edges of the groups of the lateral sides of the trapezoids, by shifting the upper bases of the trapezoid groups along the abscissa axis of the coordinate system 216 of the first set, are made with an inclination at the first specified angle ϕ ₂ with respect to to the y-axis of the coordinate system of the first set. For the groups of measuring electrodes 219 included in the second set, the lateral sides of the trapezoids located at the edge of the groups, by shifting the upper bases of the trapezoid groups along the abscissa axis of the coordinate system 217 of the second set, are made with an inclination at the second specified angle α ₂ with respect to the ordinate axis of the coordinate system 217 of the second set, not equal to the first angle ϕ ₁ . Groups of measuring electrodes (see Fig. 8) of the first and second sets are located in the boundary of the measuring area 110 with alternation and do not intersect each other, while the sides of the trapezoids located at the edges of the groups are located almost parallel to each other. The electrodes of the measuring parts (see Fig. 8 and Fig. 9) are made and arranged in such a way that the parts of the geometric figures of the measuring electrodes, which protrude beyond the measurement area 110, are cut off at the border of the measurement area. The geometric figures of the measuring electrodes, which do not reach the boundary of the measuring area, are elongated by continuing the lines of the sides of the trapezoids to the boundary of the measuring area, the measuring electrodes are located in such a way that the point 221 of the intersection of the abscissa axes of the local coordinate systems 216 and 217 of the first and second sets of measuring electrodes coincides with the geometric center of the measuring area 110.

Structurally, the measuring electrodes are located on the surface of one layer of a dielectric substrate, which has a flat surface and is made in the form of a dielectric plate.

Additionally, in FIG. 7 shows measurement areas 214 and 215 for groups of measurement electrodes. The measurement areas of groups 214 and 215 constitute the measurement area 110 as shown in FIG. 9.

The implementation of the assignment for the variant of the system of electrodes is ensured by the fact that for each set of measuring electrodes, the sides of the trapezoids located at the edge of the groups of measuring electrodes, by shifting the upper bases of the trapezoid groups along the abscissa axis, are made with an inclination at specified angles that are not equal to each other. At the same time, when the plurality of measuring electrodes are combined, the lateral sides of the trapezoids located at the edges of the groups are located almost parallel to each other. Therefore, the y-axis of the coordinate system of the measuring electrodes of the first set is located at a predetermined non-zero angle to the y-axis of the coordinate system of the second set of measuring electrodes, which corresponds to the essential feature of paragraph 2 of the claims.

In an embodiment of the invention, the measuring electrodes are located on the surface of one layer of the dielectric substrate 102, which has a flat surface and is made in the form of a dielectric plate. Due to the fact that the groups of measuring electrodes of the first set and the groups of measuring electrodes of the second set are located in the boundary of the measuring area with alternation and do not intersect each other, the measuring electrodes of the groups can be located on the same surface of the dielectric substrate layer. As shown in FIG. 9, 11, 14, 17, 29 and Figs. 31 in the embodiments of the invention, the implementation of the system of electrodes in accordance with the features of the invention of these variants, allows you to place the measuring electrodes, connecting conductors and leads on the same surface of the dielectric substrate layer.

The arrangement of the measuring electrodes and the connecting conductors and leads on the same surface of the dielectric substrate layer makes it possible to increase the accuracy of the electrode system and reduce the cost of the device in which the electrode system is used. The increase in accuracy is due to the fact that in this case there is no need to combine the measuring electrodes located on different surfaces of the layers of the dielectric substrate, as a result, the width of the groups of measuring electrodes can be reduced and the error of the piecewise constant approximation of the boundary of the two-dimensional region can be reduced. The decrease in cost is associated with the simplification of the manufacturing process, in which it is necessary to apply electrodes to only one surface of the dielectric substrate layer.

In an embodiment of the invention, the measuring electrodes are located in such a way that the point of intersection of the abscissa axes of the local coordinate systems of the first and second sets of measuring electrodes coincides with the geometric center of the measuring area. The location of the intersection point of the abscissa axes of the local coordinate systems of the first and second sets in the geometric center of the measuring area, in essence, means the equality of the areas of the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts for each corresponding set. As a result, the stability and noise immunity of the electrode system is increased.

In the case of using the local coordinate system of the measuring area, the sign of the invention "the point of intersection of the abscissa axes of the local coordinate systems of the first and second sets of measuring electrodes coincides with the geometric center of the measuring area" can be replaced by the sign "the beginning of the local coordinate system of the measuring area coincides with the geometric center of the measuring area".

1.3 Variant of the electrode system for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with four leads from the measuring parts

A variant of the electrode system corresponds to paragraph 5 of the claims. In this variant, in addition to the features of the electrode system according to claim 2, the connection diagram of the electrodes and the connection of the leads is specified. Features of the wiring diagram according to the variant are shown in Fig. 9.

The variant has the following features of the invention.

An electrode system, characterized in that in the connection diagram of electrodes and terminal connections, the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part of the first set are electrically connected to each other and connected to the corresponding terminal, the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part of the first set are electrically connected to each other and connected to the corresponding terminal, the measuring the electrodes of the first measuring part of the second set are electrically connected to each other and connected to the corresponding output, the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part of the second set are electrically connected to each other and connected to the corresponding output. When this measuring electrodes form a system of measuring electrodes, consisting of four measuring parts.

In the variant with the presence of a common electrode, made according to any one of paragraphs. 9-11 of the claims, the connection diagram of the electrodes and the connection of the leads additionally contains a lead from the common electrode.

The values of the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region are associated with the system of values of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts at the terminals of the electrode system by the following dependencies.

Where:

G _Y1 - the value of the coordinate of the geometric center of the two-dimensional area along the y-axis Y1 of the coordinate system of the first set in the area of intersection of the two-dimensional area with the measurement area;

G _Y2 - the value of the coordinate of the geometric center of the two-dimensional area along the Y2 ordinate of the coordinate system of the second set in the area of intersection of the two-dimensional area with the measurement area;

a _1,Yl - coefficient that determines the sensitivity of the electrode system along the y-axis Y1 of the coordinate system of the first set;

and _1,Y2 is the coefficient that determines the sensitivity of the electrode system along the ordinate axis Y2 of the coordinate system of the second set;

a _2,Y1 - coefficient that determines the location of the origin of the coordinate system of the first set relative to the measuring electrodes along the y-axis Y1;

a _2,Y2 - coefficient that determines the location of the origin of the coordinate system of the second set relative to the measuring electrodes along the Y2 y-axis;

C _1,M1 - the value of the sum of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part of the first set;

C _2,M1 - the value of the sum of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part of the first set;

C _01,M1 ,C _02,M1 - the values of the sums of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts, respectively, of the first set in the absence of a body;

C _1,M2 - the value of the sum of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part of the second set;

C _2,M2 - the value of the sum of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part of the second set;

C _01,M2 ^, C _02,M2 - the values of the sums of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts, respectively, of the second set in the absence of a body.

The values of C _01,M1 , C _02,M1 , C _01,M2 and C _{02,M2 are} found during the calibration of the electrode system, stored in the microcontroller memory and, if necessary, read. These values correspond to the measured values of the electrical capacitances C _1,M1 , C _2,M1 , C _1,M2 and C _2,M2 in the absence of a body, for which the geometric center of the two-dimensional region is determined.

Each of the dependences (25) and (26) is similar to dependence (15) for one of the two sets of measuring electrodes. Differences concern only designations of capacities of measuring parts and designations of systems of coordinates, with a binding to sets.

The analysis shows that when determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, one of the four measuring parts is dependent on other measuring parts. To implement the assignment, it is sufficient to use three measuring parts. At the same time, a measuring electrode system of three independent measuring parts can be obtained using a measuring electrode system consisting of four measuring parts by using a connection diagram of measuring electrodes and terminal connections, without changing the design of the measuring electrodes of these parts. This forms a system of measuring electrodes of the measuring area, consisting of three measuring parts, in which in each measuring part the measuring electrodes are interconnected and connected to the corresponding output.

A feature of the variants of this circuit is that the system of measuring electrodes has three outputs. Connection diagrams of measuring electrodes and leads connections are given in variants 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6. In the description of the options, the implementation of the assignment of the system of electrodes for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region, for the system of measuring electrodes having three measuring parts, is proved. In this case, the system of measuring electrodes of the measuring area has three outputs.

1.4 Variant of the system of electrodes for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with three leads from the measuring parts and the connection of the measuring electrodes of one of the measuring parts of the first set and one different measuring part of the second set of measuring electrodes

A variant of the electrode system corresponds to paragraph 6 of the claims. For this option, the location of the measuring electrodes of the first and second sets separately, similar to the option shown in FIG. 7. In FIG. 10 shows the measuring electrodes in a combined form with alternating groups of measuring electrodes, as they are located in the measuring area. In FIG. 11 shows the measuring electrodes, taking into account cutting and elongation to the border of the measuring area, the connection diagram of the electrodes and the connections of the leads. The variant is characterized by the following features of the invention.

The system of electrodes for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, characterized in that in the connection diagram of the electrodes and the connections of the leads, the measuring electrodes of one of the measuring parts of the first set are electrically connected to each other and to the electrodes of the opposite measuring part of the second set and connected to the corresponding output, the measuring electrodes of the unconnected measuring the parts of the first set are electrically connected to each other and connected to the corresponding output, the measuring electrodes of the unconnected measuring part of the second set are connected to each other and connected to the corresponding output. When this measuring electrodes form a system of measuring electrodes, consisting of three measuring parts.

In the case of a common electrode, made according to any one of paragraphs. 9-11 of the claims, the connection diagram of the electrodes and the connection of the leads additionally contains a lead from the common electrode.

In the considered version of the electrode system, expressions (25) and (26) can also be used to determine the coordinates of the geometric center. Here, the capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts for which there are no direct measurements can be expressed in terms of the sum of the capacitances of the connected measuring electrodes and the capacitances of the measuring electrodes that are not connected. This possibility is due to the fact that the trapezoids of the first and second measuring parts of any group of measuring electrodes complement each other until a constant width is formed, the value of which is known, while the magnitude of the impact of the body, for which the geometric center is determined, on the two nearest groups of measuring electrodes is assumed to be conditionally the same . The error associated with this assumption refers to the error of the piecewise constant approximation of the boundary of the two-dimensional region of the body.

For example, the electric capacitances of the measuring electrodes C _2,M1 C _{1,M2 are interconnected and therefore unknown separately.} At the same time, to calculate the values of these capacities, you can use the formulas

Where:

C ₃ =C _2,M1 +C _1,M2 - the value of the sum of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the connected measuring parts;

With _Σ= C _2,M2 +C _1,M1 +C ₃ - the value of the sum of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the first and second sets of measuring electrodes.

The values C _02,M1 and C _01,M2 required for calculation by formulas (25) and (26) are determined during the calibration process, then they are written to the microcontroller memory block, and when calculating the geometric center, they are read from the microcontroller memory block. The calculation of the values of electrical capacitances according to formulas (27) and (28) is carried out in the microcontroller processor, before performing the function of calculating the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region according to formulas (25) and (26). To obtain coordinate values in the local coordinate system of the measuring area, the functions performed by the microcontroller processor can be supplemented with a coordinate system transformation function.

1.5 A variant of the system of electrodes for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with three leads from the measuring parts and connecting the measuring electrodes of one of the measuring parts of the first set and one measuring part of the same name of the second set of measuring electrodes

A variant of the electrode system corresponds to paragraph 7 of the claims. In FIG. 12 shows the shape and arrangement of the measuring electrodes of the first and second sets separately. In FIG. 13 shows the same measuring electrodes in combined form with alternating groups, as they are located in the measuring area. In FIG. 14 shows the measuring electrodes, taking into account cutting and elongation to the border of the measuring area, the connection diagram of the electrodes and the connections of the leads.

The variant has the following features of the invention.

The system of electrodes for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, characterized in that in the connection diagram of the electrodes and the connections of the leads, the measuring electrodes of one of the measuring parts of the first set are electrically connected to each other and to the electrodes of the measuring part of the second set of the same name and connected to the corresponding output, the measuring electrodes of the unconnected of the measuring part of the first set are electrically connected to each other and connected to the corresponding output, the measuring electrodes of the unconnected measuring part of the second set are connected to each other and connected to the corresponding output. When this measuring electrodes form a system of measuring electrodes, consisting of three measuring parts.

In the case of a common electrode, made according to any one of paragraphs. 9-11 of the claims, the connection diagram of the electrodes and the connection of the leads additionally contains a lead from the common electrode.

In the considered version of the electrode system, expressions (25) and (26) can also be used to determine the coordinates of the geometric center. In this case, the values of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes, for which there are no direct measurements, can be expressed in terms of the sum of the capacitances of the connected measuring electrodes and the capacitances of the measuring electrodes that are not connected. For example, the electric capacitances of the measuring electrodes C _2,M1 and C _{2,M2 are interconnected and therefore unknown separately.} In this case, to calculate the capacitance values, you can use the formulas

Where:

C ₄ =C _2,M2 +C _2,M1 - the value of the sum of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the connected measuring parts;

CΣ=C _1,M2 +C _1,M1 +C ₄ - the value of the sum of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the first and second sets of measuring electrodes.

The values C _02,M1 and C _02,M2 required for calculation by formulas (25) and (26) are determined during the calibration process, and then recorded in the memory block. When calculating the geometric center, read from the memory block of the microcontroller. The calculation of the values of electrical capacitances according to formulas (29) and (30) is carried out in the microcontroller processor, before performing the function of calculating the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region according to formulas (25) and (26). To obtain coordinate values in the local coordinate system of the measuring area, the functions performed by the microcontroller processor can be supplemented with a coordinate system transformation function.

1.6 A variant of the system of electrodes for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with three leads from the measuring parts and turning off one of the measuring parts of one of the sets of measuring electrodes

A variant of the electrode system corresponds to paragraph 8 of the claims. In FIG. 15 shows the shape and arrangement of the measuring electrodes of the first and second sets separately. In FIG. 16 shows the same measuring electrodes in combined form with alternating groups, as they are located in the measuring area. In FIG. 17 shows the measuring electrodes, taking into account cutting and elongation to the border of the measuring area, the connection diagram of the electrodes and the connection of the leads, as well as the microcontroller circuit.

The variant has the following features of the invention.

The system of electrodes for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, characterized in that, in the connection diagram of the electrodes and the connections of the leads, the measuring electrodes of any three measuring parts of the first and second sets for each measuring part are individually connected to each other and connected to the corresponding leads of the measuring parts. When this measuring electrodes form a system of measuring electrodes, consisting of three measuring parts.

In the case of a common electrode, made according to any one of paragraphs. 9-11 of the claims, the connection diagram of the electrodes and the connection of the leads additionally contains a lead from the common electrode.

In the considered version of the electrode system, the measuring electrodes of one of the measuring parts of one set, for example, the second measuring part of the second set, are not connected, the value of the electric capacitance of the measuring electrodes is unknown. Therefore, expression (26) cannot be used directly. At the same time, the value of the electrical capacitance of the measuring electrodes C _{2, M2} can be calculated based on the values of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of other measuring parts

The value C _02,M2 required for calculation by formulas (26) is determined during the calibration process and recorded in the memory block. When calculating the coordinates of the geometric center, they are read from the microcontroller memory block. The calculation of the electrical capacitance of the excluded measuring part according to the formula (31) is carried out by the microcontroller processor, before performing the function of calculating the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region according to the formulas (25) and (26). To obtain coordinate values in the local coordinate system of the measuring area, the functions performed by the microcontroller processor can be supplemented with a coordinate system transformation function.

Options 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6 of the electrode system have the same positive properties as option 1.3. An additional positive property of the options is the reduction of conclusions to three, which makes it possible to simplify the connection diagram and reduce the distance between the measuring areas in the case of using a plurality of measuring areas in the electrode system, which reduces the error in determining the geometric center.

In FIG. 18 shows the microcontroller circuit and the connection diagram of the outputs of the electrode system to the microcontroller.

The microcontroller is designed to convert the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional area, which are expressed on the outputs of the measuring parts of the electrode system, in the form of a digital code. Structurally, the microcontroller can be part of a device that uses a system of electrodes.

The microcontroller 260 contains a multi-channel analog-to-digital converter 266 "electric capacity - digital code", a memory block 269 and a processor 267. Moreover, the outputs of the measuring parts of the electrode system are connected to the corresponding inputs of the channels of the analog-to-digital converter, the output 211 of the common electrode is connected to the corresponding input of the microcontroller, the output of the analog-to-digital converter is connected to the input of the processor. The signals 268 of electrical capacitances in the form of a digital code from the output of the analog-to-digital converter 266 are fed to the input of the processor 267 of the microcontroller, the processor implements the function of calculating the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region, in the computational algorithm of which formulas (25) and (26) are used, and also generates the output signals 270 of the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region, expressed as a digital code at the output of the microcontroller.

To obtain coordinate values in the local coordinate system of the measuring area, the functions performed by the microcontroller processor can be supplemented with a coordinate system transformation function.

The microcontroller circuit shown in Fig. 18 applies to options 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6. The differences are due to the fact that the connection diagrams of the leads of the electrode system for options 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6 differ in the presence of three leads from the measuring parts. Therefore, three outputs are connected to the analog-to-digital converter.

1.7 Version of the electrode system for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region for flat bodies made of a homogeneous dielectric material

The system of electrodes according to the variant includes the features of the invention given in paragraphs of paragraph 1, paragraph 2, paragraph 4, paragraph 9, paragraph 10 and paragraph 13 of the claims. Points 2 and 4 define the design of the measuring electrodes. Clause 9 and clause 10 characterize the design and location of the common electrode, clause 13 specifies the design of a dielectric substrate in the form of a plate with a flat surface.

Features of the variant of the electrode system are shown in Fig. 19. In FIG. 20 additionally shows a solid flat body 305 of a homogeneous dielectric material and a common electrode connection diagram to explain the principle of operation with the common electrode terminal 211 indicated.

In the embodiment, together with the system of electrodes 302, a dielectric substrate 102 made in the form of a plate is used to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region, with measuring electrodes 103 located on the surface of the side of the dielectric substrate 102. The common electrode 106 contains two parts. The first common electrode part 303 is located on the side of the dielectric substrate 102 that is opposite to the side with the measuring electrodes, and the common electrode has a surface facing the measuring electrodes with constant distances from the surface of the layer of the dielectric substrate with the measuring electrodes 103. The second part 304 of the common electrode is located with side of the dielectric substrate with the measuring electrodes, and part of the common electrode has a surface facing the side of the measuring electrodes with constant distances from the surface of the layer of the dielectric substrate with the measuring electrodes.

The principle of operation of the electrode system is as follows.

To determine the geometric center of the two-dimensional region, a flat body made of a homogeneous dielectric material is placed on the surface of the measuring region between the measuring electrodes and part of the common electrode 304. In this case, in the area of the intersection of the two-dimensional region of contact between the body and the measuring region, the capacitances of the capacitors increase, the plates of which are formed by the measuring electrodes 103 of the measuring parts and part of the common electrode 304.

For the capacities of the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts, expressions (1) and (3) are valid. The value of the coefficient K ₁ in this case is equal to

Where:

ε ₀ - dielectric constant;

d ₂ - the width of the air gap between the part of the common electrode and the surface of a flat body;

d ₃ - thickness of a flat body;

ε _PT - relative permittivity of the material of a flat body;

ε _B - relative permittivity of air.

Because the coefficient K ₁ in formulas (15), (25) and (26) for calculating the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region is reduced, the nature of dependence (32) does not affect the realization of the purpose of the electrode system.

Otherwise, the description of the principle of operation of the system of electrodes is similar to the principle of operation of the variant of the system of electrodes for determining the geometric center of a two-dimensional region of bodies from an electrically conductive material, indicated by the number 1.1.

1.8 A variant of the electrode system, in which the electrode system additionally contains a common electrode, the surface of which is located on the side of the surface of the measuring electrodes, which is opposite to the side of the measuring area

The option corresponds to paragraph 9 of the claims. The variant is characterized in that the system of electrodes additionally contains a common electrode, the common electrode being located on the side of the measuring electrode surface, which is opposite to the surface of the measuring area, the common electrode has a surface facing the measuring electrodes with practically constant distances from the surfaces of the measuring electrodes in the respective areas.

The variant is shown in Fig. 1 and FIG. 2.

The measuring electrodes 103 have two surfaces. One surface facing the measurement area 102 is used to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional area. In order to eliminate the influence of the electric field on the measuring electrodes from the opposite side of the measuring electrode surface, in an embodiment of the invention it is proposed to use a common electrode 106. The function of the common electrode is to equalize the electric field that affects the measuring electrodes from the side of the measuring electrode surface, which is opposite to the areas. To ensure equalization of the electric field, it is necessary that the surface of the common electrode be located at practically constant distances from the surfaces of the measuring electrodes, in appropriate areas. In this case, the electric field from the side of the common electrode will have the same effect on the measuring electrodes and will not introduce errors into the determination of the geometric center. Additionally, the common electrode performs the function of shielding the measuring electrodes from interference.

The common electrode can be made, for example, in the form of a flat plate or in the form of a thin printed electrode 106 (Fig. 1).

The common electrode in the design of the electrode system can be replaced by structural elements of the device, which use the system of electrodes that perform the function of a common electrode. In certain applications where high accuracy is not required, the functions of the common electrode can be performed by the external environment of the electrode system. For example, a device that uses an electrode system, on the side opposite to the measurement area, can be installed at a relatively large distance from electrically conductive objects, or, for example, on a brick wall without metal reinforcement. As a result, the function of shielding the measuring electrodes and equalizing the electric field may not be required.

1.9 Variant of the electrode system, in which the electrode system additionally contains a common electrode, the surface of which is located on the side of the measurement area

The option corresponds to paragraph 10 of the claims. The variant is characterized in that the system of electrodes additionally comprises a common electrode, wherein the common electrode is located on the side of the surface of the measuring electrodes, which faces the surface of the measuring area, the common electrode has a surface facing the measuring electrodes with practically constant distances from the surfaces of the measuring electrodes in the corresponding areas .

In the variant (FIG. 19), the additional common electrode part 304 is located on the side of the measurement area 110, which is formed on the outer surface of the dielectric substrate 102, and the common electrode part has a surface facing the measuring electrodes with constant distances from the measuring electrode surface in the respective areas. In this case, the function of the common electrode is supplemented by the function of forming a uniform electric field in the space between the measuring electrodes 103 and a part of the common electrode 304. The common electrode can be made, for example, in the form of a flat plate, as well as in the form of other structures.

A common electrode of this design is used in version 1.7 of the electrode system to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of a flat body made of dielectric material.

1.10 Variant of the electrode system for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional area with a shielding electrode

The option corresponds to paragraph 11 of the claims.

The variant is characterized in that the system of electrodes additionally contains a shielding electrode, wherein the shielding electrode is located on the side of the measuring electrodes surface, which is opposite to the surface of the measuring area, the shielding electrode has a surface facing the measuring electrodes with practically constant distances from the surfaces of the measuring electrodes in the respective areas.

A variant of the electrode system with a shielding electrode is shown in FIG. 21 on the example of an electrocapacitive converter 320. The electrocapacitive converter contains a flat dielectric substrate 102 with an insulating layer 111, a system of measuring electrodes 103, a common electrode 328, an analog-to-digital converter unit 323 and a shielding electrode 321. The shielding electrode is made in the form of a flat electrode located on the side measuring electrodes 103, which is opposite to the side with the measuring area 110, and the shielding electrode has a surface facing the measuring electrodes with practically constant distances from the surfaces of the measuring electrodes in the respective areas.

The principle of operation of the shielding electrode is as follows. In measuring technology, a method is known to reduce the "parasitic" capacitance of the conductor of the measuring circuit, by isolating the shielding conductor and connecting it to a source of voltage that disturbs the measuring circuit. In this case, the potential on the shielding conductor changes in phase with the potential in the conductor of the measuring circuit, as a result, the mutual capacitance decreases. In this case, the passive capacitance of the measuring electrodes can be reduced with this method. For this purpose, a shielding electrode 321 is introduced into the electrode system. To measure the capacitance of the measuring parts of the measuring electrodes, an analog-to-digital converter based on the measurement of RC parameters can be used. In this case, the shielding electrode is connected to the output of the source of the perturbing RC voltage circuit.

The shielding electrode additionally implements the function of shielding the electrodes from interference from the electronics unit and leveling the electric field. A disturbing voltage is applied to electrode 321 via conductor 324 from an analog-to-digital converter circuit. The design of the shielding electrode has many options.

1.11 Variant of the system of electrodes for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, with the location of the measuring electrodes on the smooth surface of the dielectric substrate

A variant of the electrode system corresponds to paragraph 12 of the claims. The variant is characterized by the fact that the measuring electrodes are made thin and located on a practically smooth surface of the dielectric substrate layer, and the surface of the dielectric substrate layer is set at the boundary of the measuring region.

In this embodiment, the surface of each measuring electrode takes the form of the surface of the dielectric substrate layer in the corresponding area of the surface.

For the system of electrodes made in accordance with claim 1 of the claims, the practically smooth surface of the dielectric substrate layer is set at the boundary of the measurement area. Therefore, each measuring electrode has a surface, which is part of a practically smooth surface defined in the boundary of the measuring area. For the system of electrodes using a plurality of measuring areas according to claim 16 of the claims, a practically smooth surface of the dielectric substrate layer is set in the boundary of the common measuring area.

The variant specifies the design and location of the measuring electrodes.

Thin electrodes are electrodes whose thickness is much less than the width or height of the electrodes. For example, printed electrodes are thin. The term "smooth surface" is used in a mathematical sense - a surface that is formed by a continuously differentiable function within the boundaries of a given region. With regard to practice, a smooth surface is a surface without sharp bends, protrusions and recesses.

1.12 Variant of the system of electrodes for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, with the location of the measuring electrodes on a flat surface

A variant of the electrode system corresponds to paragraph 13 of the claims. The variant is characterized by the fact that the dielectric substrate is made in the form of a flat plate, and the measuring electrodes are located on the flat surface of the plate layer made of a dielectric material.

This option is shown in Fig.1. The measuring electrodes 103 are located on the flat surface of the dielectric substrate layer 102 at the boundary of the measurement region 110. An insulating layer 111 is provided for the electrodes insulation, located on top of the measurement electrodes 103. The surface of the measurement region 110 is formed on the outer surface of the insulating plate 110. The dielectric substrate is made in the form of a plate with flat surface.

1.13 A variant of the electrode system for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, with the location of the measuring electrodes on a smooth curved surface of a dielectric substrate in the form of a curved plate

A variant of the electrode system corresponds to paragraph 14 of the claims. The variant differs in that the dielectric substrate is made in the form of a partially or completely curved plate, and the measuring electrodes are located on the partially or completely curved surface of the plate layer made of dielectric material.

The variant can be used to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region for electrically conductive bodies, in which the two-dimensional region in the area of contact is formed due to the deformation of the electrically conductive body. In this case, the two-dimensional region takes the form of a curved surface. In this case, both a concave and a convex cylindrical surface can be chosen for the location of the measuring electrodes. In practice, it is advisable to use a dielectric substrate, which is made in the form of a part of a hollow cylinder. Also, this option can be used when it is necessary to bend the dielectric substrate like opening or closing a book or folding it into a scroll.

A dielectric substrate with a cylindrical surface can be obtained by bending a substrate with a flat surface along the surface of the substrate with electrodes. The coordinate grid of the coordinate system of the measuring area of the substrate, whose coordinate axes are associated with the surface of the dielectric substrate, does not deform under such surface bending. Therefore, with the bending of the substrate surface, the geometric shape, dimensions and arrangement of the figures of the measuring electrodes do not change. Therefore, the features of the claims that determine the shape, dimensions and relative position of the measuring electrodes do not change.

In dependences (1) and (3) between the electric capacitance and the area of the measuring electrodes, the formula for a flat capacitor is used, with plates having a flat surface. In the case of using a substrate with a cylindrical surface, it is necessary to apply the formula for a cylindrical capacitor. The general view of the dependences between the capacitance and the area of the measuring electrodes (1) and (3) does not change, while the expression for calculating the coefficient K ₁ for the variant of the system of electrodes for electrically conductive bodies has the form

Where:

ε ₀ - dielectric constant;

S ₁ - relative permittivity of the material of the layer of the dielectric substrate, insulating the measuring electrodes;

d ₁ - the thickness of the insulating measuring electrodes of the dielectric layer of the substrate;

R ₁ is the radius of the cylindrical surface on which the measuring electrodes of the dielectric substrate are located.

In the final formulas (15), (25) and (26) to calculate the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, the coefficient K ₁ is reduced, so the location of the measuring electrodes on a cylindrical surface does not affect the implementation of the main purpose of the electrode system in the corresponding field of application.

Due to the fact that the coordinate grid does not change during bending, any surface obtained by bending can be used in the version of the electrode system.

1.14 Variant of the system of electrodes for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, with the location of the system of measuring electrodes on a smooth curved surface

The option corresponds to paragraph 15 of the claims.

The principle of operation of a variant of the electrode system is illustrated in the drawings of FIG. 22, fig. 23, fig. 24 and FIG. 25.

The essence of this variant of the invention lies in the fact that the system of measuring electrodes is located on a smooth curved surface, for example, a dielectric substrate having the shape of a shell. In this case, according to the invention, the groups of measuring electrodes and the measuring areas of the groups are strips with a relatively small width in relation to their length. If these strips run tangentially to the surface, then the strips hardly bend in the width direction. Therefore, the strips can be considered flat in the width direction with a high degree of accuracy. In this case, the bending of the strips in the direction of length does not deform the surface of the strips (see variant 1.13). Therefore, the features of the invention regarding the design of the groups of measuring electrodes and the measuring areas of the groups are applicable to this surface variant.

Of practical interest are variants of a curved surface that have simple shapes, for example, the shape of a part of the surface of a sphere that has a surface with a constant radius of curvature.

In FIG. 22 shows the curved surface of the measurement area 326 in the form of a spherical square. The number 327 indicates the surface of the segment of the sphere. The surface of a sphere has a radius of curvature r. The center of the radius of the surface of the spherical square is located at the zero point of the rectangular X, Y, Z coordinate system. points 3-4 is formed by the same plane, but rotated at the opposite angle relative to the Z axis. Similarly, using another plane passing through the Y axis, the boundaries of the spherical square between points 1-3 and 2-4 are determined. In FIG. 22 also shows point n, which corresponds to the intersection of a sphere and two planes that are deflected by angles ϕ ₁ and ϕ ₂ with respect to the Z axis.

In FIG. 24 shows a map projection of a spherical square 326 onto the X-Y plane. A feature of this projection is that the distances along the X and Y axes are not distorted. In FIG. 23 also shows a coordinate grid 328 obtained by rotating the planes through the same fixed angles. If the width of the spherical square is π/2 radians, 6 spherical squares can be sewn together to form a complete coverage of the entire sphere.

Each grid line shown is a geodesic line on the surface of the spherical square. Geodesic lines are analogous to straight lines on a curved surface. The strips of the measuring regions of the groups of measuring electrodes running along the geodesic line are tangent to the surface. Due to the relatively small width of the strips, the measuring regions of the groups are practically not deformed by the curvature of the sphere surface in the width direction, and these strips can be considered flat, with a surface curved in the direction of length, as in option 1.13 of the electrode system. In FIG. 23 shows one of the plurality of measurement areas 329 of the measurement electrode groups which extends along the geodesic line a-b.

The distances between the lines of the coordinate grid at the corners of the spherical square decrease slightly as the corners are approached, which creates an error in determining the geometric center. This error refers to the error in the approximation of a curved surface by flat figures. The approximation error can be significantly reduced by reducing the size of the measurement area. For example, square 326 can be broken into four equal spherical squares 330 as shown in FIG. 24. Such a breakdown is obtained by rotating the axes of the coordinate system for each spherical square by the appropriate angle and reducing the size of the square. Each spherical square in the present invention is considered as one measurement area from a plurality of measurement areas, the boundaries of which are located almost without gaps to each other. For each measurement area 330, a corresponding local coordinate system 331 is defined, which, in this case, coincides with the coordinate system of the spherical square. An electrode system for determining the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, as shown in the description of the invention, is able to determine the geometric center of a two-dimensional region based on measurement data of the coordinates of geometric centers in a plurality of measurement regions constituting the system.

In FIG. 25 shows a breakdown of the measurement area 326 into strips that have a relatively small amount of surface deformation (reminiscent of strips of leather from which a volleyball is sewn). In FIG. 25 shows the measurement area 332 of the strip electrode system, the local coordinate system 333 of the measurement area, and the measurement area 334 of the group of measurement electrodes. In practice, a surface of any shape can be approximated using many figures of different shapes and sizes. To approximate the surface, in addition to squares, triangles, hexagons and other figures in various combinations are used, which are placed on the surface in the form of a mosaic. In some areas of the surface with a high degree of curvature, in order to reduce the approximation error, it is possible to use figures for measuring areas with relatively small dimensions. In this case, the error in determining the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with a curved surface can be reduced to almost any given value.

Thus, the implementation of the designation of a variant of the electrode system with the location of the measuring electrodes on a curved surface is considered proven.

1.15 Features of the principle of operation of the system of electrodes for determining the coordinates of a two-dimensional area obtained by approaching an electrically conductive body to the surface of the measuring area

An analysis of the design of the electrode system shows that the system of measuring electrodes in the general case implements the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region, taking into account the weights of the sections of the two-dimensional region. Determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using touch is a special case of the general method for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region when an electrically conductive body approaches the surface of the measuring region.

As shown in FIG. 26 and FIG. 27, when the electrically conductive body 337 (conductive ball) approaches the surface of the measurement region 110, a two-dimensional region 338 of the approach of the electrically conductive body to the surface of the measurement region is formed on the surface of the measurement region. The two-dimensional region 338 of the approximation is formed in the area of condensation of the lines of force 336 of the electric field, which propagate between the surface of the common measuring region with the measuring electrodes and the ball. The maximum concentration of field lines is formed in the places of the two-dimensional region, which are close to the minimum distance to the surface of the body. In FIG. 26 and FIG. 27 additionally shows isolines 339 of the same electric field strength 336 and the geometric center 341 of the two-dimensional region. The normal from the geometric center of the two-dimensional region, in contact with the surface of the electrically conductive body 337, forms a point that approximately corresponds to the geometric center of the part of the two-dimensional surface of the body facing the surface of the measurement region.

For mathematical calculations, we conditionally divide the surface of the measuring area into many square sections 340 of the same area. We choose the value of the area of each section of such a value of smallness that, with a given accuracy, it is possible to accept the weights of points within the boundaries of the section as the same over the entire surface of the section. In this case, the weights of the sections are proportional to the electrical capacitance of the corresponding sections of the measuring electrodes of the measuring area. In the area of field line concentrations, where the surface of the ball is close to the minimum distance, the excess electric capacitance of the sections and their weights are maximum. Therefore, this part of the two-dimensional approximation region is dominant for finding the coordinates of the geometric center. On the other hand, in parts of the two-dimensional region that are far from the surface of the ball, the excess capacity of the sections decreases, respectively, the weights of these sections decrease. Therefore, these parts do not have a great influence on the coordinates of the geometric center and can be neglected. In this regard, we can conditionally limit the two-dimensional region of approximation.

In this embodiment of the invention, a value is used that is the reciprocal of the distance and is conventionally designated as an approximation. This value increases as you get closer. In order to take into account the magnitude of the approach of the electrically conductive body to the surface areas of the measuring area with electrodes, we introduce weight coefficients for the surface areas.

Where:

- весовой коэффициент, учитывающий относительную величину приближения электропроводящего тела к участку поверхности двумерной области;

- weight coefficient that takes into account the relative magnitude of the approach of the electrically conductive body to the surface area of the two-dimensional region;

- коэффициент пропорциональности между электрической емкостью участка и площадью измерительных электродов участка двумерной области с номером i;

- coefficient of proportionality between the electrical capacitance of the section and the area of the measuring electrodes of the section of the two-dimensional region with the number i;

- коэффициент пропорциональности между средней электрической емкостью участков и средней площадью участков двумерной области.

- coefficient of proportionality between the average electrical capacitance of the plots and the average area of the plots of the two-dimensional region.

Where:

- величина избыточной электрической емкости измерительных электродов участка двумерной области с номером i;

- the value of the excess electrical capacitance of the measuring electrodes of the section of the two-dimensional region with the number i;

- площадь измерительных электродов участка двумерной области с номером i;

- the area of the measuring electrodes of the section of the two-dimensional region with the number i;

- среднеарифметическая величина избыточной электрической емкости электродов участков двумерной области;

- arithmetic mean value of the excess electrical capacitance of the electrodes of the sections of the two-dimensional region;

- среднеарифметическая величина площади измерительных электродов участков двумерной области;

is the arithmetic mean of the area of the measuring electrodes of the sections of the two-dimensional region;

- обратная величина расстояния между участком двумерной области и поверхностью электропроводящего тела;

is the reciprocal of the distance between a section of a two-dimensional region and the surface of an electrically conductive body;

- средняя величина обратной величины расстояния между участками поверхности двумерной области и поверхностью электропроводящего тела;

- the average value of the reciprocal of the distance between the surface areas of the two-dimensional region and the surface of the electrically conductive body;

ε ₀ - dielectric constant;

ε _B - relative permittivity of air.

To determine the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region along the Y1 and Y2 axes with the introduction of weight coefficients, the following expressions are valid

Where:

G _Y1 - the value of the coordinate of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region along the y-axis Y1 of the coordinate system of the first plurality of measuring electrodes in the area of intersection of the two-dimensional region with the measurement region;

- величина координаты геометрического центра по оси ординат Y1 участка двумерной области под номером i;

- the value of the coordinate of the geometric center along the y-axis Y1 of the section of the two-dimensional region under the number i;

- сумма избыточных емкостей измерительных электродов первой и второй измерительных частей первого множества электродов для участка с номером i;

- the amount of excess capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts of the first set of electrodes for section number i;

G _Y2 - the value of the coordinate of the geometric center of the two-dimensional area along the Y2 ordinate of the coordinate system of the second set in the area of intersection of the two-dimensional area with the measurement area;

- величина координаты геометрического центра по оси ординат Y2 участка двумерной области под номером i;

- the value of the coordinate of the geometric center along the ordinate axis Y2 of the section of the two-dimensional region under the number i;

- сумма избыточных емкостей измерительных электродов первой и второй измерительных частей второго множества измерительных электродов для участка с номером i. В правых частях выражений (37) и (38) площади измерительных электродов участков

сокращаются, сумма средних величин

по всей двумерной области заменена на равную этой сумме величину избыточной емкости суммы измерительных электродов первой и второй измерительной части соответствующего множества измерительных электродов, величина емкости участка

. заменена на сумму избыточных емкостей измерительных электродов первой и второй измерительных частей соответствующего множества, в границах соответствующего участка с номером i.

- the sum of the excess capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts of the second set of measuring electrodes for section number i. In the right parts of expressions (37) and (38), the areas of the measuring electrodes of the sections

decrease, the sum of the average values

over the entire two-dimensional region is replaced by the value of the excess capacitance of the sum of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts of the corresponding plurality of measuring electrodes equal to this sum, the capacitance value of the section

. replaced by the sum of the excess capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts of the corresponding set, within the boundaries of the corresponding section with the number i.

и

в соответствующие выражения (37) и (38) получим выражения для вычисления координат геометрического центра всей двумерной области, идентичные выражениям (25) и (26). В связи с чем, введение весовых коэффициентов не меняет вид формул (25) и (26) для вычислений координат геометрического центра. Выражения (25) и (26) используются для вычисления координат геометрических центров двумерной области для всех систем электродов в рамках данного изобретения. Поэтому, в случае введения весовых коэффициентов К

для вычисления координат геометрического центра двумерной области, вид формул для вычисления координат геометрических центров для всех вариантов системы электродов не меняется. В связи с этим, система электродов в общем случае выполняет функцию определения координат геометрического центра двумерной области с учетом весовых коэффициентов участков двумерной области, которые приблизительно пропорциональны относительной величине приближения электропроводящего тела к поверхности измерительной области. При этом весовые коэффициенты имеют величину больше единицы в границе двумерной области, которая в наибольшей степени приближена к поверхности электропроводящего тела и меньше единицы в части двумерной области с наименьшим приближением. В случае если для всех участков двумерной области соблюдается равенство

весовой коэффициент равен 1.After substituting the right parts of expressions (25) and (26) for the coordinates of the geometric center for the section of the two-dimensional region under the number i, instead of

and

in the corresponding expressions (37) and (38) we obtain expressions for calculating the coordinates of the geometric center of the entire two-dimensional region, identical to expressions (25) and (26). In this connection, the introduction of weight coefficients does not change the form of formulas (25) and (26) for calculating the coordinates of the geometric center. Expressions (25) and (26) are used to calculate the coordinates of the geometric centers of the two-dimensional region for all systems of electrodes in the framework of this invention. Therefore, in the case of introducing weight coefficients K

to calculate the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, the form of the formulas for calculating the coordinates of the geometric centers for all variants of the electrode system does not change. In this regard, the system of electrodes in the general case performs the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region, taking into account the weight coefficients of the sections of the two-dimensional region, which are approximately proportional to the relative magnitude of the approach of the electrically conductive body to the surface of the measuring region. In this case, the weight coefficients have a value greater than one in the boundary of the two-dimensional region, which is closest to the surface of the electrically conductive body and less than one in the part of the two-dimensional region with the smallest approximation. If for all sections of the two-dimensional region the equality

the weight factor is 1.

The system of electrodes for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region has the following positive properties.

The electrode system has a relatively high speed. High performance is due to the fact that the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region is implemented directly by the system of measuring electrodes, which are simultaneously sensors and an analog computing device. In this case, the system of measuring electrodes implements the bulk of the calculations of the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region.

The electrode system has a relatively high accuracy in determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region. The high accuracy is due to the fact that when determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, many points are used on the surface of the measuring region, the parameters of the electric field in which are directly taken into account by the system of measuring electrodes. The accuracy of measuring the coordinates of the geometric center is limited only by the accuracy of manufacturing the measuring electrodes, which can be high using modern technology of photolithographic electrode deposition.

The electrode system has a high noise immunity. The high noise immunity is explained by the fact that the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region are calculated using a function in which the coordinate of the geometric center is expressed as the difference in the capacitances of the measuring parts in the form of a relative value. As a result, the multiplicative and additive components of the interference acting on the electrodes are largely compensated.

The system of measuring electrodes of the measuring area can be located on a smooth surface of almost any shape - on a flat, curved or curved surface. This significantly expands the scope of the electrode system.

The function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region is implemented taking into account the weight coefficients of the sections of the two-dimensional region. Weight coefficients allow taking into account the relief of the surface of the body, which is close to the surface of the measuring area. As a result, the electrode system can be used for non-contact input of the coordinates of the place of approach of the body to the surface of the measurement area by measuring the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional area of approach of the body.

The electrode system has a relatively high sensitivity. The high sensitivity is due to the fact that the electric field of the measuring electrodes is directed to the object, for which the geometric center of the two-dimensional region is determined.

The use of an electrode system can reduce the cost of the device in which it is used. The cost reduction is explained by the fact that the system of measuring electrodes can be placed on one surface of a layer, for example, a dielectric substrate. This significantly reduces the cost of the manufacturing process.

The system of measuring electrodes makes it possible to use measuring areas of any shape and size and combine these areas according to the principle of combining mosaic elements. Such a union makes it possible to implement the function of determining the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a plurality of measurement regions or to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of several two-dimensional regions separately. Moreover, such a union from a mathematical point of view is very natural and is based on the definition of the geometric center as a point, which is the arithmetic mean of the positions of all points of the figure.

2. Electrode system for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional area using a plurality of measurement areas

The system of electrodes for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional area using a plurality of measuring areas corresponds to paragraph 16 of the claims. Variants of the design of the electrode system are shown in Fig. 28-31. The purpose of the electrode system is to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region and to enable the geometric centers of several two-dimensional regions to be determined.

In an independent claim, the features of the invention are summarized. The electrode system is characterized by the following features of the invention.

An electrode system for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a plurality of measurement regions, containing a plurality of measurement regions with measurement electrodes. Moreover, the shape, size and location of the measuring areas are given. The measuring areas are located at predetermined intervals relative to each other in the boundary of the common measuring area. The measuring electrodes are located within the boundaries of the respective measuring areas on a practically smooth surface, which is defined in the boundary of the common measuring area, while the surface of the measuring electrodes conjugated with the smooth surface has the shape of this surface in the respective areas. The measuring electrodes of each measuring area form a measuring area measuring electrode system containing at least three measuring parts, the measuring electrodes in each of the measuring parts are electrically connected to each other and connected to the corresponding terminal. In this case, the system of measuring electrodes of each measuring area implements the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional area in the area of intersection of the two-dimensional area and the measuring area in the coordinate system of the measuring area corresponding to each measuring area. The values of the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region or the values of the coordinates of the geometric centers of several two-dimensional regions are expressed as a system of values of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts at the leads of the measuring parts of the measuring regions of the electrode system.

The functional feature "measuring electrode system implements the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional area in the area of intersection of the two-dimensional area and the measuring area in the corresponding measuring area of the coordinate system" replaces the design features of the measuring electrode system for the measuring area, given in paragraph 2 or paragraph 17 of the claims for the electrode system.

The electrode system for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a plurality of measurement regions differs from the electrode system for determining the coordinates of a geometric center using a single measurement region in that the system uses a plurality of measurement regions with measurement electrodes. The claims according to claim 16 and claim 17 for each of the measurement areas include the corresponding features for one measurement area, which are given in claim 1 and claim 2, respectively. The principle of operation and proof of the implementation of the purpose of the electrode system of the measurement area are described in option 1.1 of the electrode system for one measurement area. For an electrode system using a plurality of measurement areas, variants of the electrode system according to paragraphs. 4-15 of the claims, which are described under numbers 1.2-1.14 in variants of the system of electrodes for one measuring area.

The description of the type of electrode system for a plurality of measuring areas mainly concerns the design features of the electrode system, as well as mathematical calculations for pairing the measuring areas with each other. The principle of operation of the electrode system using a plurality of measuring areas is described for option number 2.2 with measuring areas in the form of rectangles.

Additionally, a variant of the system of electrodes with measuring areas in the form of hexagons is described.

The number of options for the electrode system is not limited to the described options.

2.1 Variant of the electrode system for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional area using multiple measurement areas

The option corresponds to paragraph 17 of the claims. The electrode system has the following features of the invention.

The system of electrodes, characterized in that in each measurement area the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional area in the area of intersection of the two-dimensional area and the measurement area, in the coordinate system corresponding to each measurement area, is implemented due to the following. Measuring electrodes of the measuring area form a system of measuring electrodes, which contains two sets of measuring electrodes, the measuring electrodes of each of the sets form the first and second measuring parts corresponding to the set. The shape, dimensions and arrangement of the measuring electrodes of each of the sets are defined in separate coordinate systems corresponding to the sets, and the ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the measuring electrodes of the first set is located at a predetermined non-zero angle to the ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the measuring electrodes of the second set. For any given first or second plurality, the measurement electrodes are divided into uniform measurement electrode groups, with the measurement electrode groups located in the measurement region at regular intervals along the abscissa. Each of the groups contains a part of the first and second measuring parts corresponding to the plurality of measuring electrodes. In each of the groups of the set, the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part are made in the form of geometric figures, the total width of which along the abscissa axis direction as a function of distance along the direction of the ordinate axis changes linearly, the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part are made in the form of geometric figures that complement the geometric figures of the first measuring electrodes. measuring part until the formation of a constant total width along the direction of the abscissa axis as a function of the distance along the direction of the y-axis. The measuring electrodes of the groups are made and arranged in such a way that in any section of the measuring electrodes of the groups parallel to the abscissa axis, the difference between the total width of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part and the total width of the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part, calculated within one complete group and one section, is a constant value in this section for other complete groups, in any section of the measuring electrodes of the groups parallel to the abscissa axis, the line calculated within the framework of one complete group and one section, the total width of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts is a constant value in this section for other complete groups, and the full groups have a total the composition of the measuring electrodes in the cross section. The measuring electrodes of the measuring parts are connected to the corresponding electrical terminals in accordance with the connection diagram of the electrodes and terminal connections. The values of the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region are expressed as a system of values of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts of the measuring region.

According to the invention, the individual measurement areas can be of arbitrary shape. The measurement areas are located at predetermined intervals relative to each other, for example, on the surface of the dielectric substrate at the boundary of the common measurement area. This arrangement resembles the arrangement of measurement areas in the form of mosaic elements. The specified spacings between the measuring areas are necessary for the placement of the connecting conductors. The gaps are related to the error in determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region, which refers to the error of the piecewise constant approximation of the boundary of the measurement area, so the width of the gaps must be chosen as small as possible. The gaps between the measurement areas can have a constant width, for example, in order to increase the symmetry of the arrangement of the measurement areas.

A variant is possible, in which the connecting conductors and leads are placed inside the measuring regions of the groups of measuring electrodes. In this case, the boundaries of the measuring regions are located with intervals of almost zero value. The option corresponds to paragraph 22 of the claims. Connecting conductors located in the gaps between the measuring areas of the groups of measuring electrodes or in the space of the measuring areas of the groups can also be a source of error. This error can be reduced by various methods. For example, by placing additional compensating conductors in the gaps.

In paragraph 19 of the claims, there are features of the invention of a variant of the system of measuring electrodes, which characterizes the connection diagram of the electrodes and the connections of the leads in the measuring area, consisting of four measuring parts, in which the measuring electrodes of any two measuring parts of different sets are electrically connected to each other or any one measuring part is excluded, forming a new system consisting of three measuring parts, in each of the measuring parts of which the measuring electrodes are interconnected and have a corresponding electrical output from the measuring electrodes of the measuring part. This system of measuring electrodes is obtained using variants of electrode connection diagrams and connecting leads in accordance with the features of clauses 6, 7 and 8 of the claims and described in options 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 of the electrode system.

2.2 Variant of an electrode system for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional area using a plurality of measuring areas in the form of rectangles

A variant of the electrode system corresponds to paragraph 20 of the claims. The description of the option takes into account the features of the invention according to paragraph 4, paragraph 5, paragraph 13 and paragraph 16 of the claims. Clause 4 characterizes the design of the measuring electrodes in the form of trapezoids, clause 5 - the scheme for connecting the electrodes and connecting the leads, clause 13 specifies the design of the dielectric substrate in the form of a flat dielectric plate, clause 16 determines the relative position of the measuring areas and measuring electrodes.

The electrode system is shown in Fig. 28 and FIG. 29. In FIG. 28 shows the location of the measuring areas and their outputs. In FIG. 29 shows the system of measuring electrodes, the diagram of their connections and connections for a single measuring area.

The variant has the following features of the invention.

The system of electrodes according to claim 20, characterized in that the measuring areas are made in the form of geometric shapes of rectangles and are located in the border of the common measuring area in the form of a regular structure of rows and columns, and in each measuring area the measuring electrodes are located in such a way that the beginning of the local system coordinates of the measuring area coincides with its geometric center.

This embodiment of the electrode system 401 comprises a measurement electrode system with four leads from the measurement portions of the measurement area described in Option 1.3 of the Summary of the Invention. In a variant of the electrode system, a dielectric substrate 402 is used, on which a plurality of measurement areas 410 are located in the form of geometric shapes of rectangles. The measuring regions are located on a plate-shaped dielectric substrate, at predetermined intervals relative to each other, in the boundary of the common measuring region of the dielectric substrate 404. The measuring electrodes are located within the boundaries of the respective measuring regions on a practically smooth surface of the dielectric plate layer, which is defined in the boundary of the common measuring region.

In each measuring region, the measuring electrodes are located in such a way that the origin of the local coordinate system of the measuring region coincides with its geometric center. In FIG. 29, the local coordinate systems of the first and second sets of measuring electrodes are denoted by 416 and 417, respectively. The local coordinate system of the measurement area is indicated by the number 408.

The measurement electrodes and their leads are located on the same surface of the dielectric substrate layer 402. The electrode connection scheme can be applied to any number of measurement electrodes without crossing the electrodes and leads, with a maximum of three conductors 409 running along one side of the rectangle. The conclusions of the electrode system of each measurement area in FIG. 28 and FIG. 29 are shown as group lines 406 consisting of four conductors that are combined near the top and bottom boundaries of the dielectric substrate into common group lines. Common group lines are designed to connect the leads of the electrode system, through the conductors of the loops 407, to the microcontroller of the device in which the electrode system is used.

The values of the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region or the geometric centers of several two-dimensional regions are expressed as a system of values of the electrical capacitances of the electrodes of the measuring parts at the leads of the measuring regions of the electrode system.

The operating principle of the electrode system for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional area using a plurality of measurement areas is as follows.

To determine the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region, a body is placed on the surface of the common measurement region, which forms a two-dimensional contact area with the surface. For each measuring area, based on the measurement of the capacitances of the measuring parts of the measuring electrodes, the geometric centers are determined in the area of intersection of the two-dimensional area and the measuring area, in the local coordinate system for the measuring area. Then, to calculate the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional area, the coordinates of the geometric centers of the intersection of the measurement areas with the two-dimensional area are converted into a common coordinate system of the common measurement area, and the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional area in this coordinate system are calculated based on the following formulas.

Where:

GY - coordinate value along the Y axis of the geometric center of the two-dimensional area of the body in the coordinate system of the general measurement area;

- величина координаты по оси Y геометрического центра области пересечения двумерной области тела с измерительной областью с номером i в системе координат общей измерительной области;

- the value of the coordinate along the Y axis of the geometric center of the area of intersection of the two-dimensional body area with the measuring area with the number i in the coordinate system of the general measuring area;

- площадь измерительных электродов измерительной области с номером i, в той части, где измерительная область пересекается с двумерной областью тела;

- суммарная величина избыточной электрической емкости измерительных электродов измерительных частей измерительной области с номером i;

- the area of the measuring electrodes of the measuring area with number i, in the part where the measuring area intersects with the two-dimensional area of the body;

- the total value of the excess electrical capacitance of the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts of the measuring area with the number i;

G _X - the value of the coordinate along the X axis of the geometric center of the two-dimensional area of the body in the coordinate system of the overall measurement area;

- величина координаты по оси X геометрического центра области пересечения двумерной области тела с измерительной областью с номером i.

- the value of the coordinate along the X axis of the geometric center of the area of intersection of the two-dimensional area of the body with the measuring area with the number i.

емкости суммарной величины избыточной электрической емкости измерительных электродов измерительных частей измерительной области с номером i связано с величиной площади

пересечения измерительных электродов каждой измерительной области с двумерной областью тела выражением, аналогичным выражению (1) или (3)Meaning

capacitance of the total value of the excess electrical capacitance of the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts of the measuring area with the number i is associated with the size of the area

intersection of the measuring electrodes of each measuring area with a two-dimensional area of the body by an expression similar to expression (1) or (3)

Where:

K ₁ - coefficient of proportionality between the electric capacitance and the area of the measuring electrodes.

равнаFor a system of electrodes in the measuring area consisting of four measuring parts, the value

is equal to

Where:

- величины сумм электрических емкостей измерительных электродов первой и второй измерительной частей первого множества соответственно, для измерительной области с номером i;

- the values of the sums of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts of the first set, respectively, for the measuring area with the number i;

- величины сумм электрических емкостей измерительных электродов первой и второй измерительной частей второго множества соответственно, для измерительной области с номером i;

- the values of the sums of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts of the second set, respectively, for the measuring area with the number i;

- величины сумм электрических емкостей измерительных электродов первой и второй измерительной части соответственно, первого множества в отсутствие тела, для измерительной области с номером i;

- the values of the sums of electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts, respectively, of the first set in the absence of a body, for the measuring area with number i;

- величины сумм электрических емкостей измерительных электродов первой и второй измерительной части соответственно, второго множества в отсутствие тела, для измерительной области с номером i.

- the values of the sums of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts, respectively, of the second set in the absence of a body, for the measuring area with number i.

The coefficient of proportionality K ₁ between the electric capacitance and the area of the measuring electrodes can be found by formula (2) for a flat dielectric substrate, or by formula (33) for a dielectric substrate curved in the form of a part of a cylinder. When calculating the geometric center using formulas (39) and (40), this coefficient K ₁ is reduced, so the use of dielectric substrate options does not affect the realization of the purpose of the electrode system. Due to the fact that the groups of measuring electrodes that make up the measuring part of the measuring area have a constant width and contain a given number of uniform measuring groups of measuring electrodes located within the boundaries of the measuring areas of the groups of measuring electrodes, the area of the measuring area is proportional to the area of the measuring electrodes of the measuring area. In expressions (39) and (40), the proportionality factor is also reduced. Therefore, in formulas (39) and (40), the area of the measuring electrodes of the measuring area in the area of their intersection with the measuring area is used, instead of the surface area of the measuring area in the area of intersection of the measuring area with the two-dimensional area.

To determine the geometric center of one two-dimensional area, the calculation of the geometric center can be carried out by finding the sums in the numerator and denominator in expressions (39) and (40) over all measurement areas of the common measurement area. At the same time, such summation for a small two-dimensional region leads to an error due to the large passive capacitance of the measuring electrodes.

The value of this capacitance can be reduced in the following way.

суммарной избыточной емкости измерительных частей измерительных электродов измерительной области находят измерительные области с величиной избыточной емкости больше заданной пороговой величины. Эти измерительные области считают полностью или частично покрытыми двумерной областью тела. Из числа этих областей выделяют группу измерительных областей, связанных между собой границами. Затем, вычисляют координаты общего геометрического центра двумерной области для связанных измерительных областей по формулам (39), (40) с включением в суммы только измерительных областей входящих в группу измерительных областей.Based on information about the quantities

of the total excess capacitance of the measuring parts of the measuring electrodes of the measuring area, measuring areas with an excess capacitance value greater than a predetermined threshold value are found. These measurement areas are considered wholly or partly covered by the two-dimensional area of the body. From among these areas, a group of measurement areas is distinguished, interconnected by boundaries. Then, the coordinates of the common geometric center of the two-dimensional area are calculated for the associated measuring areas according to formulas (39), (40) with the inclusion in the sums of only the measuring areas included in the group of measuring areas.

To determine the geometric centers of two-dimensional areas of several bodies, the bodies are placed on the surface of a common measurement area with gaps. The width of the gaps is chosen larger than the maximum dimensions of the measuring areas. In this case, it is possible to select several groups of measurement areas that cover two-dimensional areas of different bodies. For these groups of measuring regions, using expressions (42), (43), the geometric centers of two-dimensional regions are determined separately. Based on the coordinates of the geometric centers of the individual measuring areas of each group of measuring areas, the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional area are determined.

The division of the plurality of measurement regions into groups can be performed by finding the boundaries of the groups of measurement regions along closed chains of measurement regions surrounding groups of measurement regions whose excess capacitance is below a predetermined threshold.

An algorithm for calculating the geometric centers of two-dimensional regions of several bodies is possible, having two-dimensional regions in the form of circles of approximately the same size, which can be located on the surface of a common measurement region without gaps relative to each other. This algorithm consists in the fact that, using information about the position of the geometric centers of all two-dimensional regions, a two-dimensional spline of excess capacity is built over the entire surface of the common measurement region, the points of maxima are determined, which, in a first approximation, are considered to be the centers of two-dimensional regions. Then, the measuring areas lying in the hollows of the spline, taking into account the fact that the shape of the two-dimensional areas of the bodies, as well as the shape and location of the measuring areas are known, are conditionally divided into parts, for which the geometric centers are calculated separately. Taking into account the coordinates of the geometric centers of the parts of the divided regions and the areas of these parts, the geometric centers of the two-dimensional regions are found.

Based on this, the implementation of the assignment of the electrode system to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional area having a plurality of measurement areas is considered proven.

2.3 Variant of an electrode system for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional area using a plurality of measurement areas in the form of hexagons

A variant of the electrode system corresponds to paragraph 21 of the claims. In FIG. 30 shows the location of the measurement areas and their outputs. In FIG. 31 shows the system of measuring electrodes and the connection and connection diagram of the electrodes for a single measuring area.

The variant has the following features of the claims.

The system of electrodes is characterized in that the measuring areas are made in the form of geometric shapes of regular hexagons and are located in the border of the common measuring area in the form of a regular structure of rows and columns, and in each measuring area the measuring electrodes are located in such a way that the origin of the local coordinate system of the measuring area coincides with its geometric center.

Option 2.3 differs from Option 2.2 in that the measurement areas are made in the form of geometric figures of regular hexagons and arranged in a regular structure of rows and columns. In addition to this, the variant uses a system of measuring electrodes with three leads from the measuring parts according to variant 1.4. The operating principle of the electrode system option is similar to option 2.2.

In comparison with option 2.2, this option uses a system of measuring electrodes with three leads from the measuring parts, as a result of which the number of leads from the measuring areas is reduced, which makes it possible to reduce the gaps between the measuring areas, reduce the number of conductors in the loops and the number of conversion channels "capacitance - digital code" in the microcontroller of the device.

2.4 Features of the implementation of the purpose of the system of electrodes for determining the coordinates of a two-dimensional area obtained by approaching the electrically conductive body to the surface of a common measurement area, using a plurality of measurement areas

To calculate the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional approximation region, one can use expressions with the introduction of weight coefficients for each measurement region, by analogy with expressions (34), (35), (36). In order to take into account the magnitude of the approach of the electrically conductive body to the surface of the common measuring area with the measuring electrodes, we introduce the following weight coefficients for the group of measuring areas that make up the two-dimensional area of approximation.

Where:

- весовой коэффициент, учитывающий относительную величину приближения электропроводящего тела к поверхности измерительной области, для измерительной области с номером i;

- weight coefficient, taking into account the relative value of the approach of the electrically conductive body to the surface of the measuring area, for the measuring area with the number i;

- коэффициент пропорциональности между электрической емкостью измерительных электродов измерительной области и площадью измерительной области под номером i;

- coefficient of proportionality between the electrical capacitance of the measuring electrodes of the measuring area and the area of the measuring area under the number i;

- коэффициент пропорциональности между средней избыточной электрической емкостью измерительных электродов группы измерительных областей и средней площадью измерительных электродов группы измерительных областей.

- coefficient of proportionality between the average excess electrical capacitance of the measuring electrodes of the group of measuring areas and the average area of the measuring electrodes of the group of measuring areas.

Where:

- величина избыточной электрической емкости измерительных электродов

- the value of the excess electrical capacitance of the measuring electrodes

a two-dimensional region with number r;

- площадь измерительных электродов измерительной области с номером г;

- the area of the measuring electrodes of the measuring area with the number r;

- среднеарифметическая величина избыточных электрических емкостей электродов группы измерительных областей;

- arithmetic mean value of excess electrical capacitances of the electrodes of a group of measuring areas;

- среднеарифметическая величина площадей измерительных электродов группы измерительных областей;

- arithmetic mean of the areas of the measuring electrodes of the group of measuring areas;

- средняя величина обратной величины расстояния между поверхностью двумерной измерительной области с номером i, входящей в группу измерительных областей, и поверхностью электропроводящего тела;

- the average value of the reciprocal of the distance between the surface of the two-dimensional measuring area with the number i, included in the group of measuring areas, and the surface of the electrically conductive body;

- средняя величина обратной величины расстояния между поверхностью группы измерительных областей и поверхностью электропроводящего тела;

- the average value of the reciprocal of the distance between the surface of the group of measuring areas and the surface of the electrically conductive body;

ε ₀ - dielectric constant;

ε _B - relative permittivity of air.

To determine the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region along the Y and X axes, we use the following expressions

Where:

G _Y - coordinate along the Y axis of the geometric center of the two-dimensional area of approach of the electrically conductive body to the surface of the common measurement area.

G _X - coordinate along the X axis of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region of the approach of the electrically conductive body to the surface of the common measurement area.

, определенных в соответствии с выражениями (43), (44) и (45), в правых частях выражений (46) и (47) площади

сокращаются. При этом правые части выражений (46) и (47) и выражений (39) и (40), в которых координаты геометрического цента выражены через емкости измерительных электродов, получаются соответственно одинаковыми.As a result of substitution of weight coefficients

, defined in accordance with expressions (43), (44) and (45), in the right parts of expressions (46) and (47) of the area

are shrinking. In this case, the right parts of expressions (46) and (47) and expressions (39) and (40), in which the coordinates of the geometric center are expressed through the capacitances of the measuring electrodes, are respectively the same.

Unlike expressions (39) and (40), intended for the case of calculating the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region when the electrically conductive body touches the surface of the measuring region, expressions (46) and (47) use the total areas of the measurement regions included in the group of measurement regions , which forms a two-dimensional region. At the same time, weight coefficients are introduced for each measuring area, which take into account the ratio between the electric capacitance and the area of the measuring area, both in the case of approaching and in the case of contact of the electrically conductive body with the surface of the measuring area.

In this regard, the system of electrodes, using a plurality of measuring areas, implements the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of one or more two-dimensional areas, taking into account weight coefficients that take into account the magnitude of the approach of the surface areas of the electrically conductive body to the surface of the common measuring area. As a result, the system of electrodes provides the implementation of the function of determining the coordinates of one or more geometric centers of two-dimensional regions formed by touching and approaching electrically conductive bodies.

An electrode system using multiple measurement areas has the following advantages over an electrode system with a single measurement area.

The system of electrodes for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional area with one measurement area, in the case of determining the coordinates of the geometric center for a relatively small two-dimensional area, has a relatively large error in determining the coordinates. The error is related to the large passive electrical capacitance of the measuring electrodes in the measuring area, which shunts the excess capacitance from the body. Additionally, the use of measuring electrodes distributed over the entire measuring area reduces the conversion sensitivity, since to determine the geometric center, it is necessary to use a coordinate system common to the entire measurement area. In this regard, the temperature stability and the accuracy of determining the coordinates of the geometric center are reduced. This shortcoming in this type of electrode system is practically eliminated by dividing one large measurement area into a plurality of measurement areas. In this case, for each two-dimensional area, it is possible to determine the geometric center using a group of measurement areas. In this case, electrodes with a minimum area are used, which reduces the value of their passive capacitance. Due to the fact that each measurement area uses its own local coordinate system, in these areas it is possible to make an electrode system with increased conversion sensitivity. At the same time, high accuracy will be preserved when determining the coordinates of a two-dimensional area using a group of measurement areas.

The use of a plurality of measuring regions significantly increases the accuracy of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region when the measuring electrodes are located on a curved surface, since the shape of the measuring electrodes of the measuring region is less susceptible to distortion when the curved surface is divided into a plurality of measuring regions and their size is reduced.

The use of a plurality of measurement areas allows taking into account the details of the relief of the body, which is close to the surface of the common measurement area. This is due to the fact that based on the measurement of the total excess capacitance of the measuring electrodes and the coordinates of the geometric center in each measuring area, it is possible to construct a surface spline that approximates the body surface. The spline built on the basis of these data will more accurately display the surface topography, compared to using another data set, since the reference vertices of the spline are located in the geometric centers of the measurement areas, the coordinates of which take into account many points of the body surface topography. In the example with the sensory system of the robot, this property of the measuring electrode system allows the sensory system of the robot, with the help of the "fingers" of the manipulator, to feel the relief of the surface of objects without touching.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1 and FIG. 2 - a system of electrodes for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region. In FIG. 1 shows a side view of the dielectric substrate. The figure shows the construction of a dielectric substrate in the form of a flat plate, an insulating layer, measuring electrodes and a common electrode. In FIG. 2 shows a front view of the dielectric substrate from the side of the measuring electrodes. The shape and location of the measuring electrodes, the location of the measuring area, as well as the local coordinate systems of the sets of measuring electrodes and the coordinate system of the measuring area are shown.

Fig. 3 and FIG. 4 - drawings to explain the principle of operation for a variant of the system of electrodes for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region for bodies made of electrically conductive material. In FIG. 3 shows a system of electrodes with an electrically conductive body located on the surface of the measuring area. In FIG. 4 shows a drawing to explain the mathematical calculations, to prove the implementation of the purpose of the electrode system to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region.

Fig. 5 and FIG. 6 - drawings of the design of measuring electrodes in the form of inclined trapezoids, with cutting and lengthening of the trapezoids in the boundary of a given measuring area, to explain the design of the measuring electrodes.

Fig. 7 and FIG. 8 - drawings to explain the design of the measuring electrodes for a variant of the system of electrodes for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with four leads from the system of measuring electrodes. In FIG. 7 shows the shape and arrangement of the measuring electrodes of the first and second sets separately. In FIG. 8 shows the same measuring electrodes in a combined form with alternating groups of measuring electrodes, as they are located in the boundary of the measuring area.

Fig. 9 - a system of electrodes for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional area with four leads from the measuring parts with a diagram for connecting the electrodes and connecting the leads.

Fig. 10 and FIG. 11 - drawings to explain the design of the measuring electrodes for a variant of the electrode system for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with three leads from the measuring electrode system and connecting the electrodes of one of the measuring parts of the first set and one different measuring part of the second set of measuring electrodes. In FIG. 10 shows the measuring electrodes in a combined form with alternating groups, as they are located in the boundary of the measuring area. In FIG. 11 shows the measuring electrodes, taking into account cutting and elongation to the border of the measuring area, the connection diagram of the electrodes and the connections of the leads.

Fig. 12, fig. 13 and FIG. 14 - drawings to explain the design of the measuring electrodes for a variant of the electrode system for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with three leads from the measuring electrode system and connecting the measuring electrodes of one of the measuring parts of the first set and one measuring part of the second set of measuring electrodes of the same name. Figure 12 shows the shape and arrangement of the measuring electrodes of the first and second sets separately. In FIG. 13 shows the same measuring electrodes combined with alternating groups of measuring electrodes, as they are located in the boundary of the measuring area. In FIG. 14 shows the measuring electrodes, taking into account cutting and elongation to the border of the measuring area, the connection diagram of the electrodes and the connections of the leads.

Fig. 15, fig. 16 and FIG. 17 - a variant of the system of electrodes for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional area with three leads from the system of measuring electrodes and turning off one of the measuring parts of one of the sets of electrodes. In FIG. 15 shows the shape and arrangement of the measuring electrodes of the first and second sets separately. In FIG. 16 shows the same measuring electrodes combined with alternating groups of measuring electrodes, as they are located in the boundary of the measuring area. In FIG. 17 shows the measuring electrodes, taking into account cutting and elongation to the border of the measuring area, the connection diagram of the electrodes and the connections of the leads.

Fig. 18 - the figure shows a variant of the electrode system with a microcontroller designed to generate output signals of the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region in the form of a digital code.

Fig. 19 and FIG. 20 is a variant for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region for a flat body made of a homogeneous dielectric material. In FIG. 19 shows the construction of the dielectric substrate and the common electrode. In FIG. 20 additionally shows a flat body made of a homogeneous dielectric material to explain the principle of operation.

Fig. 21 shows a variant of the electrode system with a shielding electrode.

Fig. 22, fig. 23, fig. 24 and FIG. 25 - the figures show the features of the measuring area with a curved surface, to explain the principle of operation for a variant of the electrode system for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional area on a curved surface in the form of a part of the surface of a sphere.

Fig. 26 and FIG. 27 - the figures are intended to explain the implementation of the purpose of the electrode system for determining the coordinates of the two-dimensional region obtained by approaching the electrically conductive body to the surface of the measuring region. In FIG. 26 shows a system of electrodes and an electrically conductive body that is close to the measurement area, but does not touch this surface. In FIG. 27 shows a two-dimensional area formed by approaching the measuring area of the electrically conductive body.

Fig. 28 and FIG. 29 is an example of an electrode system for determining the coordinates of a geometric center of a two-dimensional area using a plurality of measuring areas with rectangle-shaped measuring areas and four leads from the measuring area. In FIG. 28 shows the location of the measuring areas and their outputs. In FIG. 29 shows the system of measuring electrodes and the diagram of their connections and connections for a single measuring area.

Fig. 30 and FIG. 31 shows an electrode system for determining the coordinates of a geometric center of a two-dimensional area using a plurality of measurement areas with hexagon-shaped measurement areas and three leads from the measurement area. On Fig shows the location of the measuring areas and their conclusions. In FIG. 31 shows the system of measuring electrodes and the diagram of their connections and connections for a single measuring area.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION

The implementation of the invention is disclosed on the examples of varieties and variants of the electrode system that make up the group of inventions. The numbers of varieties of the electrode system and their variants in the "implementation of the invention" section coincide with the numbers of the corresponding varieties and variants given in the "summary of the invention" section.

1. System of electrodes for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region

The implementation of the invention is disclosed on the example of a variant of the system of electrodes for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, for bodies made of an electrically conductive material. The system of electrodes according to the variant includes the features of the invention given in paragraphs of paragraph 1, paragraph 2, paragraph 4, paragraph 9 and paragraph 13 of the claims. The description of the operating principle of the system of electrodes is given in option 1.1. The design features of the measuring electrode system and the scheme for connecting electrodes and connecting leads are given in options 1.3 and 1.4 in the section "summary of the invention".

The design of the dielectric substrate, the common electrode, and the measurement electrode system is shown in Fig. 1, in side view. Figure 7 shows the shape and arrangement of the measuring electrodes of the first and second sets separately. In FIG. 8 shows the measuring electrodes in a combined form with alternating groups of measuring electrodes, as they are located in the measuring region on a dielectric substrate. Figure 9 shows the measuring electrodes, taking into account cutting and elongation to the border of the measuring area, and the connection diagram of the electrodes and connections of the leads.

In FIG. 1 shows the main structural elements of an embodiment of an electrode system 101 for determining the geometric center of a two-dimensional region for an electrically conductive body. The measuring electrodes are made thin. To place the measuring electrodes 103 used dielectric substrate 102, which is made in the form of a dielectric plate with a flat surface. In this case, the surface of the measuring electrodes has the form of a flat surface of the dielectric substrate. To isolate the measuring electrodes, an insulating layer 111 is provided, located on top of the measuring electrodes 103. The common electrode 106 is located on the dielectric substrate on the side of the surface of the measuring electrodes, which is opposite to the surface of the measuring region 110. In this case, the common electrode has a surface facing the measuring electrodes with practically constant distances with the surfaces of the measuring electrodes in the respective areas.

The system of measuring electrodes is shown in Fig.9. The relative dimensions of the measuring electrodes are distorted. The measuring electrodes are located on a dielectric substrate in the boundary of the measuring area 110, the shape, dimensions and location of which are specified. The measurement area 110 includes two sets of measurement electrodes. The measuring electrodes of each of the sets form the first and second measuring parts corresponding to the set. The measuring electrodes of the first measuring part of the first set are marked with 202, the second measuring part of the first set with 203, the first measuring part of the second set with 204, the second measuring part of the second set with 205. The shape, dimensions and location of the measuring electrodes of each of the sets are defined in separate, corresponding sets of coordinate systems. The coordinate system of the first set is indicated by the number 216, the coordinate system of the second set by the number 217. Moreover, the ordinate axis Y1 of the coordinate system 216 of the measuring electrodes of the first set is located at a predetermined non-zero angle to the ordinate axis Y2 of the coordinate system 217 of the measuring electrodes of the second set. For any given first or second set, the measuring electrodes are divided into uniform groups of measuring electrodes, while the groups of measuring electrodes are located on a dielectric substrate within the boundaries of the measuring regions of groups 214 and 215. The first group of measuring electrodes of the first set is indicated by the number 212. Each of the groups contains a part corresponding to the plurality of measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring portions. In each of the groups of the set, the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part are made in the form of geometric shapes, the total width of which along the direction of the abscissa axis as a function of distance along the direction of the ordinate axis changes linearly, the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part are made in the form of geometric shapes that complement the geometric shapes of the measuring electrodes the first measuring part until the formation of a constant total width along the direction of the abscissa axis as a function of the distance along the direction of the y-axis.

For any individual set, the measuring electrodes of the groups are made and located in such a way that in any section of the measuring electrodes of the groups parallel to the abscissa axis, the line 133 (see Fig. 7) calculated within one complete group and one section, the difference in the total width of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part and the total width of the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part is a constant value in this section for other full groups, in any section of the measuring electrodes of groups parallel to the abscissa axis, the line calculated within one full group and one section, the total width of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts is a constant value in this section for other full groups, moreover, full groups have the full composition of the measuring electrodes in the cross section.

In an embodiment of the invention, the specific design of the measuring electrode system is determined by the method of graphic constructions. This system fully complies with the features specified in paragraph 2 of the claims.

Measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts of the first and second sets are made in the form of trapezoids. Measuring electrodes together with connecting conductors and leads are located on one surface of the dielectric substrate layer.

In FIG. 5 shows the initial group of 212 measuring electrodes. The trapezoids of the group of measuring electrodes 212 can be made inclined by a predetermined angle relative to the Y-axis of the first set coordinate system 216 by shifting the upper bases of the trapezoids along the abscissa axis, as shown in the right side of FIG. Meanwhile, as shown in the Summary of the Invention, the inclined measuring electrodes of the group for the purpose of determining the coordinate of a two-dimensional region along one axis are equivalent to non-tilted measuring electrodes. Figure 6 shows an example of trimming and lengthening a group of measuring electrodes, in which the target function of the electrode system also does not change.

As shown in FIG. 7, the sides of the trapezoids located at the edges of the groups of measuring electrodes, by shifting the upper bases of the trapezoid groups along the abscissa axis of the coordinate system 216 of the first set of measuring electrodes, are made with an inclination by the first given angle ϕ ₁ with respect to the ordinate axis of the coordinate system 216 of the first set. For the groups of measuring electrodes 219 included in the second set, the lateral sides of the trapezoids located at the edge of the groups, by shifting the upper bases of the trapezoid groups along the abscissa axis of the coordinate system 217 of the second set, are made with an inclination at the second specified angle ϕ ₂ with respect to the ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the second set, not equal to the first angle ϕ ₁ .

In FIG. 8 the groups of measuring electrodes of the first and second sets shown in FIG. 7 are superimposed on the dielectric substrate at the location where the measurement region 110 is located, in an interleaved manner. At the same time, the lateral sides of the trapezoids located at the edges of the groups are located almost parallel to each other. The point 221 of the intersection of the abscissa axes of the local coordinate systems 216 and 217 of the first and second sets of measuring electrodes coincides with the geometric center of the measuring area 110.

In FIG. 9 shows that these measuring electrodes are located in the boundary of the measuring area 110, while parts of the geometric figures of the measuring electrodes that protrude beyond the limits of the measuring area are cut off at the boundary of the measuring area 110. The geometric figures of the measuring electrodes that do not reach the boundary of the measuring area are elongated. by continuing the lines of the sides of the trapezoids to the border of the measuring area.

In FIG. 9 additionally shows the local coordinate system 220 of the measurement area 110, the beginning of which coincides with the geometric center of the measurement area 110 and with the intersection point 221 of the abscissa axes of the local coordinate systems 216 and 217 of the sets of measurement electrodes.

The measuring electrodes of the measuring parts are connected to the corresponding electrical terminals in accordance with the connection diagram of the electrodes and terminal connections. The connection and connection diagram of the outputs has several options. Features of the options for the connection diagram and connections are given in the description of options 1.3,1.4,1.5 and 1.6 of the electrode system.

The principle of operation of the system of electrodes for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional area is given in the "Summary of the Invention" section.

1.3 Variant of the electrode system for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional area with four leads from the measuring parts

A variant of the electrode system corresponds to paragraph 4 of the claims. For this variant, FIG. 9 shows the design and arrangement of the measuring electrodes of the first and second sets and the connection diagram of the electrodes and the lead connections.

A description of the design of the system of measuring electrodes of the variant is given in the description of variant 1.2, the further development of which is variant 1.3.

A variant of the electrode system for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with four leads from the system of measuring electrodes differs in the features of the electrode connection scheme and the connections of the measuring electrode leads of the measuring parts. In the electrode and lead connection diagram, the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part of the first set are electrically connected to each other and connected to the corresponding lead 206, the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part of the first set are electrically connected to each other and connected to the corresponding lead 207, the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part of the second set are electrically connected to each other and connected to the corresponding output 208, the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part of the second set are electrically connected to each other and connected to the corresponding output 209, the additional output 211 is connected to the common electrode.

The principle of operation of the variant of the electrode system is given in the section "summary of the invention" in the description under the numbers 1, 1.1,1.2 and 1.3.

1.4 Variant of the system of electrodes for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with three leads from the measuring parts and connecting the measuring electrodes of one of the measuring parts of the first set and one different measuring part of the second set of measuring electrodes

A variant of the electrode system corresponds to paragraph 6 of the claims. For this option, the shape and location of the measuring electrodes of the first and second sets separately are similar to option 1.3 shown in Fig. 7. In FIG. 10 shows the measuring electrodes in a combined form with alternating groups, as they are located in the measuring area 110. The measuring electrodes of the first measuring part of the first set are indicated by the number 232, the electrodes of the second measuring part of the first set - by the number 233, the electrodes of the first measuring part of the second set - by the number 234, electrodes of the second measuring part of the second set - the number 235. In Fig. 11 shows the measuring electrodes, taking into account cutting and extension to the border of the measuring area 110, and the connection diagram of the electrodes and lead connections.

The connection diagram of the electrodes and terminal connections of the electrode system 231 according to option 1.4 is characterized in that the measuring electrodes 233 of the second measuring part of the first set are electrically connected to each other and to the electrodes 234 of the first measuring part of the second set and connected to the corresponding output 237. The measuring electrodes 232 of the first measuring part of the first set are electrically interconnected and connected to the corresponding output 236, the measuring electrodes 235 of the second measuring part of the second set are interconnected and connected to the corresponding output 238, the additional output 211 is connected to the common electrode. In the embodiment of the electrode system as shown in FIG. 10, the measuring electrodes 233 and 234 located at the edges of the groups, which belong to different sets, belong to opposite measuring parts, are interconnected by connecting the sides of the trapezoids of the measuring electrode groups. Such a connection is not required. The measuring electrodes can be connected using connecting leads.

1.5 A variant of the system of electrodes for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with three leads from the measuring parts and connecting the measuring electrodes of one of the measuring parts of the first set and one measuring part of the same name of the second set of measuring electrodes

A variant of the electrode system corresponds to paragraph 7 of the claims. For this embodiment, the shape and arrangement of the measuring electrodes of the first and second sets are shown separately in FIG. 12. In FIG. 13 shows the measuring electrodes in a combined form with alternating groups, as they are located in the measuring area 110. The measuring electrodes of the first measuring part of the first set are indicated by the number 242, the electrodes of the second measuring part of the first set - by the number 243, the electrodes of the first measuring part of the second set - by the number 244, electrodes of the second measuring part of the second set - the number 245. In Fig. 14 shows the measuring electrodes, taking into account cutting and elongation to the border of the measuring area 110, the connection diagram of the electrodes and the connection of the leads.

The connection diagram of the electrodes and terminal connections of the electrode system 241 according to option 1.5 differs in that the measuring electrodes 243 of the second measuring part of the first set are electrically connected to each other and to the electrodes 245 of the second measuring part of the second set and connected to the corresponding output 247, the measuring electrodes 242 of the first measuring part of the first set are electrically interconnected and connected to the corresponding output 246, the measuring electrodes 244 of the first measuring part of the second set are interconnected and connected to the corresponding output 248, the additional output 211 is connected to the common electrode. In an embodiment of the electrode system as shown in FIG. 13, the measuring electrodes 243 and 245 located at the edges of the groups, which belong to different sets, belong to the measuring parts of the same name. In this case, the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts of the groups of the same name are connected by connecting the sides of the trapezoids of the groups. Performing such a direct join is useful in terms of reducing the width of the groups, but is not required.

The principle of operation of the variant of the electrode system is given in the section "summary of the invention", in the description under the numbers 1.1 and 1.5.

1.6 A variant of the system of electrodes for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with three leads from the measuring parts and turning off one of the measuring parts of one of the sets of measuring electrodes

A variant of the electrode system corresponds to paragraph 8 of the claims. In FIG. 15 shows the shape and arrangement of the measuring electrodes of the first and second sets separately. In FIG. 16 shows these same measurement electrodes in an interleaved array as they are located in measurement region 110 on a dielectric substrate. The measuring electrodes of the first measuring part of the first set are marked with the number 252, the electrodes of the second measuring part of the first set - with the number 253, the electrodes of the first measuring part of the second set - with the number 254, the electrodes of the second measuring part of the second set - with the number 255. In Fig. 17 shows the measuring electrodes, taking into account cutting and elongation to the border of the measuring area, the connection diagram of the electrodes and the connections of the leads. The connection diagram of the electrodes and connections of the outputs of the electrode system 251 according to option 1.6 differs in that in the connection diagram of the electrodes and the connection of the outputs, the measuring electrodes 252 of the first measuring part of the first set are electrically interconnected and connected to the corresponding output 256, the measuring electrodes 253 of the second measuring part of the first set are electrically interconnected and connected to the corresponding output 257, the measuring electrodes 254 of the first measuring part of the second set are interconnected and connected to the corresponding output 258, the additional output 211 of the electrode system is connected to the common electrode. As shown in FIG. 15, the measuring electrodes 255 of the second measuring part of the second set, indicated by the dashed line, are not connected to the terminals of the electrode system.

2. Electrode system for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional area using a plurality of measurement areas

The implementation of the invention is disclosed on the examples of variants 2.2 and 2.3 of the electrode system for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional area using a plurality of measurement areas.

2.2 Variant of an electrode system for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional area using a plurality of measuring areas in the form of rectangles

A variant of the electrode system corresponds to paragraph 20 of the claims. In the description of the invention, the features of claim 17 are included. FIG. 28 shows the location of the measuring areas and their outputs. In FIG. 29 shows the system of measuring electrodes and the connection diagram of the electrodes and connections of the outputs for a single measuring area.

The electrode system 401 for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a plurality of measurement regions includes a dielectric substrate 402 on which a plurality of measurement regions 410 are located with electrodes in the form of geometric figures of rectangles, in the form of a regular structure. Measurement areas 410 are located on the dielectric substrate at predetermined intervals relative to each other, in the boundary of the common measurement area of the dielectric substrate 404.

In this version of the electrode system, for each measuring area, a system of measuring electrodes with four leads from the measuring area, described in option 1.3, is used. The measuring electrodes and their leads are located on one surface of the dielectric substrate layer 402. The electrode connection pattern can be continued for any number of measuring electrodes, without mutual intersection of the measuring electrodes and leads, with a maximum of three conductors 409 passing along one side of the rectangle.

The conclusions of the system of measuring electrodes of each measuring area in FIG. 28 and FIG. 29 are shown as group lines 406 consisting of four conductors that are combined near the upper and lower boundaries of the dielectric substrate into common group lines. Common group lines are designed to connect the outputs of the electrode system, through the conductors of the loops 407, to the microcontroller or other end device.

As shown in FIG. 29, the intersection of the abscissa axis of the local coordinate system 416 of the first set of measurement electrodes and the abscissa axis of the coordinate system 417 of the second set of measurement electrodes of the measurement area coincides with the geometric center of the measurement area. The local coordinate system 408 of the measuring area is also shown, the origin of which coincides with the intersection of the abscissa axes of the coordinate systems 416 and 417. In this case, the coordinates of the geometric center defined in the coordinate systems 416 and 417 of the two sets of measuring electrodes can be recalculated within the local coordinate system of the measuring area 408.

In option 2.2 of the electrode system, the measurement areas can be made using any of the measurement electrode systems described in options 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6. The principle of operation of the variant of the electrode system is given in the section "summary of the invention" in the description of variant 2.2.

2.3 Variant of the electrode system for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional area using a plurality of measurement areas in the form of hexagons

The option corresponds to paragraph 21 of the claims. The location of the measurement areas and their outputs is shown in Fig. 30. In FIG. 31 shows the system of measuring electrodes and the connection and connection diagram of the outputs for a single measuring area.

Option 2.3 of the electrode system 411 differs from option 2.2 in that the measurement areas 420 are in the form of regular hexagons. At the same time, a system of measuring electrodes with three leads was used in the measuring areas, similar to option 1.4 (Fig. 11). The difference between the measuring area in the form of a hexagon and that shown in Fig. 11 in that in this case the measuring electrodes are inscribed in the boundary of the hexagonal measuring area. In this embodiment, the group lines 414 from each measurement area contain three conductors. Branch lines 414 are combined into group stub lines 415. Shown in FIG. 31, the electrode connection diagram is applicable to any number of measuring electrodes, without increasing the number of leads, and with a maximum of two connecting conductors 419 running along one side of the hexagon. The origin of the local coordinate system 418 of the measurement area is located at the geometric center of the corresponding measurement area.

In option 2.3 of the electrode system, the measurement areas can be made using any of the measurement electrode systems described in options 1.3,1.4, 1.5 and 1.6. The principle of operation of the variant of the electrode system is given in the section "summary of the invention" in the description of variant 2.3.

Claims (22)

1. An electrode system for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, which is formed on the two-dimensional surface of the measuring region of the electrode system as a result of a local change in the parameters of the electric field near this surface under the influence of a material body, containing measuring electrodes, and the measuring electrodes are located in the boundary of the measuring region, each the measuring electrode has a surface on the side of the measuring area, which is a part of an almost smooth flat surface or a practically smooth curved surface or an almost smooth curved surface specified in the boundary of the measuring area, the shape, dimensions and location of the measuring area are given, a dielectric substrate that performs the function of fastening and insulation measuring electrodes, the measuring electrodes of the measuring area form a system of measuring electrodes of the measuring area containing at least three measuring parts, the measuring electrodes in each of the measuring parts are electrically interconnected and connected to the corresponding output, while the system of measuring electrodes implements the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region in the area of intersection of the two-dimensional region and the measuring region in the corresponding measuring region in the coordinate system of the measuring region, the values of the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region are expressed as a system of values of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts at the leads of the measuring parts of the measuring area of the electrode system. 2. The system of electrodes according to claim 1, characterized in that the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional area in the area of intersection of the two-dimensional area and the measuring area, in the coordinate system corresponding to the measuring area, is implemented due to the fact that the measuring electrodes of the measuring area form a system of measuring electrodes , which contains two sets of measuring electrodes, the measuring electrodes of each of the sets form the first and second measuring parts corresponding to the set, the shape, dimensions and location of the measuring electrodes of each of the sets are defined in separate coordinate systems corresponding to the sets, and the y-axis of the coordinate system of the measuring electrodes of the first set located at a predetermined non-zero angle to the y-axis of the coordinate system of the measuring electrodes of the second set, for any individual first or second set, the measuring electrodes are divided into uniform groups s of measuring electrodes, while the groups of measuring electrodes are located in the measuring area at regular intervals along the abscissa axis, each of the groups contains a part of the first and second measuring parts corresponding to the set of measuring electrodes, in each of the groups of the set the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part are made in the form of geometric shapes , the total width of which along the direction of the abscissa axis as a function of the distance along the direction of the ordinate axis changes linearly, the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part are made in the form of geometric shapes that complement the geometric shapes of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part until a constant total width along the direction of the abscissa axis is formed as a function of the distance along direction of the ordinate axis, the measuring electrodes of the groups are made and located in such a way that in any section of the measuring electrodes of the groups parallel to the abscissa axis, the line calculated within one complete th group and one section, the difference between the total width of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part and the total width of the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part is a constant value in this section for other complete groups, in any section of the measuring electrodes of groups parallel to the abscissa axis, the line calculated within one complete group and one section, the total width of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts is a constant value in this section for other complete groups, and the full groups have a complete composition of the measuring electrodes in the section, the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts are connected to the corresponding electrical terminals in accordance with the connection diagram of the electrodes and terminal connections , the values of the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region are expressed as a system of values of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts of the measuring region at the terminals of the electrode system. 3. The electrode system according to claim 2, characterized in that for any individual first or second plurality of measurement electrodes of the measurement area, each group of measurement electrodes is located in the measurement area at the boundary of the corresponding measurement area of the group, while the measurement areas of the groups have almost the same width in directions along the abscissa and are located almost without gaps between the boundaries of the groups in the directions along the abscissa. 4. The system of electrodes according to claim 2, characterized in that in order to ensure the location of the measuring electrodes, connecting conductors and leads on the same surface, the measuring electrodes are made in the form of trapezoids, for the groups of measuring electrodes included in the first set, the sides located at the edges of the groups trapezoids, by shifting the upper bases of the trapeziums of the groups along the abscissa axis of the coordinate system of the first set, are made with an inclination at the first given angle with respect to the ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the first set, for the groups of measuring electrodes included in the second set, the sides of the trapezoids located at the edge of the groups , by shifting the upper bases of the trapezoid groups along the abscissa axis of the coordinate system of the second set, are made with an inclination at the second specified angle with respect to the ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the second set, not equal to the first angle, the groups of measuring electrodes of the first and second sets are located in the boundary of the measuring and do not intersect each other, while the lateral sides of the trapezoids located at the edges of the groups are located almost parallel to each other, the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts are made and arranged in such a way that the parts of the geometric shapes of the measuring electrodes that protrude beyond the measuring area are cut off along the boundary of the measuring area, the geometric figures of the measuring electrodes that do not reach the boundary of the measuring area are elongated by continuing the lines of the sides of the trapezoids to the boundary of the measuring area, the measuring electrodes are located in such a way that the point of intersection of the abscissa axes of the local coordinate systems of the first and second sets of measuring electrodes coincides with the geometric center of the measurement area. 5. The system of electrodes according to claim. 2, characterized in that in the connection diagram of the electrodes and the connections of the outputs, the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part of the first set are connected to each other and connected to the corresponding output, the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part of the first set are electrically connected to each other and connected to corresponding output, the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part of the second set are electrically connected to each other and connected to the corresponding output, the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part of the second set are electrically connected to each other and connected to the corresponding output. 6. The system of electrodes according to claim 2, characterized in that in the connection diagram of the electrodes and the connections of the leads, the measuring electrodes of one of the measuring parts of the first set are electrically connected to each other and to the measuring electrodes of the opposite measuring part of the second set and connected to the corresponding output, the measuring electrodes of the unconnected of the measuring part of the first set are electrically connected to each other and connected to the corresponding output, the measuring electrodes of the unconnected measuring part of the second set are connected to each other and connected to the corresponding output. 7. The system of electrodes according to claim 2, characterized in that in the connection diagram of the electrodes and the connections of the leads, the measuring electrodes of one of the measuring parts of the first set are electrically connected to each other and to the measuring electrodes of the measuring part of the second set of the same name and connected to the corresponding output, the measuring electrodes of the unconnected of the measuring part of the first set are electrically connected to each other and connected to the corresponding output, the measuring electrodes of the unconnected measuring part of the second set are connected to each other and connected to the corresponding output. 8. The system of electrodes according to claim 2, characterized in that in the connection diagram of the electrodes and the connections of the outputs, the measuring electrodes of any three measuring parts of the first and second sets for each measuring part are individually connected to each other and connected to the corresponding outputs of the measuring parts. 9. The system of electrodes according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally contains a common electrode, the common electrode being located on the side of the surface of the measuring electrodes, which is opposite to the surface of the measuring area, the common electrode has a surface facing the measuring electrodes with practically constant distances from the surfaces of the measuring electrodes in the respective areas. 10. The system of electrodes according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a common electrode, the common electrode being located on the side of the measuring electrode surface, which faces the surface of the measuring area, the common electrode has a surface facing the measuring electrodes with practically constant distances with surfaces of the measuring electrodes in the respective areas. 11. The system of electrodes according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally contains a shielding electrode, wherein the shielding electrode is located on the side of the surface of the measuring electrodes, which is opposite to the surface of the measuring area, the shielding electrode has a surface facing the measuring electrodes with practically constant distances from the surfaces of the measuring electrodes in the respective areas. 12. The system of electrodes according to claim 1, characterized in that the measuring electrodes are made thin and located on a practically smooth surface of the dielectric substrate layer. 13. The system of electrodes according to claim 12, characterized in that the dielectric substrate is made in the form of a flat plate, and the measuring electrodes are located on the flat surface of the plate layer made of dielectric material. 14. The system of electrodes according to claim 1, characterized in that the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional area in the area of intersection of the two-dimensional area and the measuring area in the coordinate system corresponding to the measuring area is implemented due to the fact that the measuring electrodes of the measuring area form a system of measuring electrodes, which contains two sets of measuring electrodes, the measuring electrodes of each of the sets form the first and second measuring parts corresponding to the set, the shape, dimensions and arrangement of the measuring electrodes 15. The system of electrodes according to claim 12, characterized in that the dielectric substrate is made in the form of a shell having a smooth curved surface, and the measuring electrodes are located on the curved surface of the shell layer made of dielectric material. 16. An electrode system for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a plurality of measuring regions, which is formed on the two-dimensional surface of the common measuring region of the electrode system as a result of a local change in the parameters of the electric field near this surface under the influence of a material body, containing a plurality of measuring regions with measuring electrodes, moreover, the shape, dimensions and arrangement of the measuring areas are given, the measuring areas are located at predetermined intervals relative to each other in the boundary of the common measuring area, the measuring electrodes are located within the boundaries of the corresponding measuring areas, each measuring electrode has a surface on the side of the measuring area, which is part of an almost smooth flat a surface or a practically smooth curved surface or a practically smooth curved surface defined in the boundary of a common measurement area, a dielectric substrate that performs the function of fastening and isolating the measuring electrodes, the measuring electrodes of each measuring area form a system of measuring electrodes of the measuring area, containing at least three measuring parts, the measuring electrodes in each of the measuring parts are electrically connected to each other and connected to the corresponding output, at the same time, the system of measuring electrodes of each measuring area implements the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional area in the area of intersection of the two-dimensional area and the measuring area, in the coordinate system of the measuring area corresponding to each measuring area, the value of the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional area or the value of the coordinates of the geometric centers of several two-dimensional areas are expressed in the form of a system of values of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts at the terminals of the measuring parts of the measuring areas electrode arrays. 17. The system of electrodes according to claim 16, characterized in that in each measuring area the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional area in the area of intersection of the two-dimensional area and the measuring area, in the coordinate system corresponding to each measuring area is implemented due to the fact that the measuring electrodes of the measuring the regions form a system of measuring electrodes, which contains two sets of measuring electrodes, the measuring electrodes of each of the sets form the first and second measuring parts corresponding to the set, the shape, dimensions and location of the measuring electrodes of each of the sets are defined in separate coordinate systems corresponding to the sets, and the y-axis of the system coordinates of the measuring electrodes of the first set is located at a predetermined non-zero angle to the y-axis of the coordinate system of the measuring electrodes of the second set, for any separately taken first or second set, the measuring e the electrodes are divided into uniform groups of measuring electrodes, while the groups of measuring electrodes are located in the measuring area at regular intervals along the abscissa axis, each of the groups contains a part of the first and second measuring parts corresponding to the set of measuring electrodes, in each of the groups of the set the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part are made in the form of geometric figures, the total width of which along the direction of the abscissa axis as a function of distance along the direction of the ordinate axis changes linearly, the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part are made in the form of geometric figures that complement the geometric shapes of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part until a constant total width is formed along the direction of the abscissa axis as a function of the distance along the direction of the ordinate axis, the measuring electrodes of the groups are made and located in such a way that in any section of the measuring electrodes of the groups parallel to the abscissa axis line calculated within one full group and one section, the difference between the total width of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part and the total width of the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part is a constant value in this section for other full groups, in any section of the measuring electrodes of groups parallel to the abscissa axis, the line calculated within one complete group and one section, the total width of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts is a constant value in this section for other complete groups, moreover, the full groups have a complete composition of the measuring electrodes in the section, the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts are connected to the corresponding electrical outputs in accordance with the diagram connections of electrodes and connections of conclusions, values of coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional area are expressed in the form of a system of values of electric capacitances of measuring electrodes of measuring parts of the measuring area. 18. The electrode system according to claim 17, characterized in that for any single first or second plurality of measuring electrodes of the measuring area, each group of measuring electrodes is located in the border of the corresponding measuring area of the group, while the measuring areas of the groups have almost the same width in the directions along the abscissa axes and are located practically without gaps between the boundaries of the groups in the directions along the abscissa axis. 19. The system of electrodes according to claim 17, characterized in that in the connection diagram of the electrodes and the connections of the leads in the measuring area, consisting of four measuring parts, the measuring electrodes of any two measuring parts of different sets are electrically connected to each other or any one measuring part is excluded, forming a new system of measuring electrodes, consisting of three measuring parts, in each of the measuring parts of which the measuring electrodes are interconnected and have a corresponding electrical output from the measuring electrodes of the measuring part. 20. The system of electrodes according to claim 16, characterized in that the measuring areas are made in the form of geometric shapes of rectangles and are located in the border of the common measuring area in the form of a regular structure of rows and columns, and in each measuring area the measuring electrodes are located in such a way that the beginning of the local coordinate system of the measuring area coincides with its geometric center. 21. The system of electrodes according to claim 16, characterized in that the measuring areas are made in the form of geometric shapes of regular hexagons and are located in the border of the common measuring area in the form of a regular structure of rows and columns, and in each measuring area the measuring electrodes are located in such a way that the origin of the local coordinate system of the measuring area coincides with its geometric center. 22. The system of electrodes according to claim 16, characterized in that the gaps between the measuring areas are set to zero, while the connecting conductors for connecting the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts and the leads of the measuring parts are located within the boundaries of the measuring areas of the groups of measuring electrodes.

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