RU2717143C1 - Electric capacitance converter for determining coordinates of a geometric center of a two-dimensional region (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measurement technology.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used to determine coordinates of a geometric center of a two-dimensional region. Essence of the invention lies in the fact that the electric capacitive converter has a dielectric substrate, a common electrode and measuring electrodes, wherein the measuring electrodes are located on the dielectric substrate in the boundary of the measurement region and form at least three measurement portions, measuring electrodes in each of which are electrically connected to each other and connected to the corresponding terminal, wherein measuring electrodes of measuring parts together with dielectric substrate and common electrode realize function of determining coordinates of geometric center of two-dimensional region in region of intersection of two-dimensional region and measurement area in appropriate measurement area coordinate system, coordinates of the geometrical center of the two-dimensional region are expressed in the form of a system of values of electric capacitances of electrodes of measuring parts on the outputs of measuring parts of the measuring region of the electrical capacitive converter.

EFFECT: possibility of increasing accuracy and operating speed.

46 cl, 41 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to measuring devices using capacitive means. The electric capacitive converter is designed to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region. For example, to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region of a flat plate of arbitrary shape made of a homogeneous material. For electrically conductive bodies, an electro-capacitive transducer is capable of determining the geometric center of a two-dimensional region of contact or approximation of the body. The transducer can find application in measuring technology, as well as in other areas of technology as a part of various devices, where there is a need to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, in accordance with the purpose of the options for the electric capacitive transducer.

BACKGROUND

A television device is known for determining the center of gravity of a uniform body of images of flat figures based on a television image. [USSR Copyright Certificate 426144].

A device for measuring the geometric center of the object. [USSR author's certificate SU - 1380590. 12/20/1985]. This device is a television tracking system.

A device for measuring the geometric center of the image. [RF patent SU 1495829 07/23/1989] The invention relates to image processing systems.

A known method of measuring the coordinates of the center of gravity of the image and a device for its implementation. [RF Patent SU - 2271145. 05/10/1994]. The device that is used to implement the method relates to television systems. The method relates to image processing.

The disadvantage of television devices is the error in determining the coordinates of the geometric center associated with optical distortions of the shape of the object, as well as the increased cost due to the presence of optical and television components in the device circuit.

A device is known [USSR Author's Certificate N427635] for determining the coordinates of the center of gravity of a homogeneous body. The principle of operation of the device is to mechanically balance the body.

A known method of determining the center of gravity of a turbine blade [RF Patent SU - 2224228 02/20/2004]. The invention relates to static balancing of structures. The method is based on the fact that the blade is placed on a platform with a balancing support, the numerical value of the static moment of the blade is determined, then the position of the center of gravity.

A disadvantage of devices for determining the center of gravity of a homogeneous body by mechanical balancing is the presence of mechanical components in their design, which determines the increased cost for the purpose of measuring the geometric center of flat bodies.

Known electrical capacitive transducer for level measurement, containing a dielectric plate with printed electrodes placed on one of its surfaces, forming the first measuring part and made in the form of geometric shapes having a variable total width as a function of distance along the height direction, a common electrode and additional printed electrodes placed on the same surface of the dielectric plate with electrodes of the first measuring part and forming the second measuring part. The total width as a function of the distance along the height direction of the electrodes of the first measuring part varies linearly. The electrodes of the second measuring part are made in the form of geometric figures, supplementing the geometric figures of the electrodes of the first measuring part to form a constant total width as a function of distance along the height direction. In this case, the geometric figures of the electrodes of the first measuring part have a total area equal to the total area of the geometric figures of the second measuring part, and the dielectric plate is located with constant gaps between the surfaces of the common electrode facing each other. In the description of the electro-capacitive transducer for level measurement according to the patent of the Russian Federation RU 2087873 C1, an embodiment is given in which the electro-capacitive transducer is used to determine the level of electrically conductive liquids. This embodiment of the converter further comprises an insulating dielectric plate. [RF patent RU 2087873 C1 08/20/1997]

Analysis of the design of the electric capacitive transducer for measuring the level showed that it can be used for another purpose - in the transducer to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of a part of the two-dimensional region along one axis for plane bodies made of a homogeneous dielectric material.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In 1994, an electro-capacitive transducer was developed for level measurement using printed electrodes with varying widths along the height direction. Subsequently, the RF patent RU 2087873 C1 was obtained for the converter.

The electric capacitive converter was designed to measure the level of dielectric and electrically conductive liquids. The main goal of developing a level converter was to find an electrode system for which the output signal of the level is proportional to the difference in the capacitances of the electrodes of the first and second measuring parts divided by the value obtained by adding the capacitances of the first and second measuring parts and subtracting the sum of the capacitances of the electrodes of the first and second measuring parts not immersed. The described dependence of the output signal of the measured parameter on the capacitances of the electrodes is widely known in the measurement technique and is used to find the displacement of a conductive plate or membrane located between two electrodes in differential displacement sensors or sensors to measure another physical quantity, for example, in capacitive pressure difference sensors. The technical result of the invention of an electric capacitive transducer for level measurement was the possibility of using, together with a level transducer, electronic modules designed for differential sensors. Sensors in which, to determine the measured parameter, calculate the measured value based on the described dependence, have a number of positive properties. First of all, it is the high sensitivity and noise immunity inherent in differential circuits, high temperature stability and independence of readings on the value of the dielectric constant of the medium being measured. These positive properties passed to the transducer for level measurement.

The analysis showed that the output signal of the electro-capacitive transducer for measuring the level is proportional to the coordinate of the geometric center along one axis for the two-dimensional region of a part of a plane figure of a uniform dielectric material located on the surface of the measuring region of the transducer. For a variant of an electro-capacitive level transducer with insulation of electrodes, the output signal is proportional to the coordinate along one axis of the geometric center of a part of the contact area formed, for example, as a result of deformation of the electrically conductive body when it is in contact with the measuring surface of the transducer. In these cases, the contact area is a two-dimensional area.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The composition of the invention includes a group of electrical capacitive converters for determining the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, based on common physical principles. Transformers of the group are united by a common part of the purpose - the determination of the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region. In variants of the electric capacitive converter designed for different application conditions, the general part of the purpose is supplemented and specified.

The technical result consists in the implementation of the purpose, as well as in improving the accuracy, speed and reducing the cost of converters. An additional technical result is considered for each invention of the group separately.

The claims and the description include, in essence, two main varieties of the electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region, which are given in the claims in the form of independent claims. In the first variant, one measuring region is used to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region. This variety has the name "Electrical capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region." The electric capacitance transducer of the second variety is characterized in that for the determination of the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region, many measuring regions are used. This feature is reflected in the name of the variety "Electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using many measuring regions." Varieties are shown as independent clauses, varieties of varieties are described in the dependent claims. In order to simplify the search, varieties and variants are numbered. The numbers in the description of the invention are independent of the numbers of the claims.

In the formulas of varieties and variants, signs are used that are essentially equivalent to the signs of an electric capacitive transducer for measuring the level according to the patent of the Russian Federation RU 2087873 C1, which proves the continuity of the inventions.

The analysis shows that the conversion function, implemented by the system of measuring electrodes of the electric capacitive transducer, provides the determination of the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region, taking into account the weights of the sections of the two-dimensional region. This property allows you to find the coordinates of the location of the conductive body to the surface of the measuring region of the electric capacitive transducer, taking into account the features of the surface of the body and without contact with the surface of the measuring region.

The use of a type of electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of a two-dimensional region using a variety of measuring regions allows for the determination of the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region located both on a flat and curved surface of the common measuring region, which is composed of many measuring regions located on the surface of the dielectric substrate in the form mosaic elements of arbitrary shape and size. Moreover, the common geometric center of the two-dimensional region is found based on the measured coordinates of the geometric centers of the plurality of measuring regions.

Terms and Definitions

The term "geometric center" of a two-dimensional region means the arithmetic mean of the positions of all points in the figure. Another name is “baricenter”. For bodies of homogeneous material under constant gravity, the geometric center is equivalent to the center of gravity of the figure. For homogeneous bodies, the geometric center coincides with the center of mass and with the center of inertia. In many areas of technology, the gravitational field on the surface of the Earth is considered constant, the material from which the products are made is homogeneous, therefore it is legitimate to replace the geometric center with a center of gravity, a barycenter, or a center of inertia. In practice, of all terms, the “center of gravity” is most often used, because he is older. This term is widely used in construction and engineering. In this regard, the analogues of the invention, in addition to devices for determining the geometric center, include devices for determining the "center of gravity", "center of mass", "center of inertia" and "barycenter".

In an electro-capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region for bodies of homogeneous dielectric material, the surface of a flat body adjoins the surface of the measuring region and forms a two-dimensional region on the surface of the measuring region. In electro-capacitive converters for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of an electrically conductive body, the contact area formed as a result of deformation of the body at the point of contact with the measuring region is also a two-dimensional region. If an electrically conductive body approaches the surface of the measuring region, a thickening of the electric field lines is formed on its surface, which forms a two-dimensional region. In the general case, a two-dimensional region is a region that is formed on the two-dimensional surface of the measuring region of an electric capacitive transducer as a result of a local change in the parameters of the electric field near this surface under the influence of a material body.

The measuring region is the region that is located on the surface of the dielectric substrate and is designed to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region. The determination of the coordinates of the geometric center is realized by a system of measuring electrodes, which are located at the boundary of the measuring region. In the first type of electric capacitive transducer, one measuring region is used. In an electro-capacitive transducer using a plurality of measuring regions, a plurality of measuring regions are located on the surface of the dielectric position, the boundaries of which are located at minimum predetermined intervals from each other, similar to the arrangement of mosaic elements. The shape and size of the measuring areas can be arbitrary. The external boundaries of the plurality of measuring regions form the common measuring region of the electric capacitive transducer.

In the electro-capacitive transducer, a dielectric substrate is used to accommodate the measuring electrodes. The substrate can be made in several ways. A common feature of the main options is given in the dependent clause of clause 14 of the formula: “the dielectric position is made in the form of a body bounded on two sides by two flat or two curved surfaces, which has an almost constant thickness”. Such a definition of the substrate allows that the substrate, in particular, can be made in the form of a plate with a flat surface, as well as in the form of a shell that has a curved surface. In the description of the invention it is shown that in cases of using a dielectric substrate, both with a flat and with a curved surface, the purpose of the electric capacitive converter is realized. To simplify the presentation of the invention, in most variants of capacitive converters used a dielectric substrate with a flat surface, which is a plate. Features of the implementation of the purpose of an electric capacitive converter with a dielectric substrate in the form of a shell having a curved surface are given in version 1.17. The use of a substrate with a curved surface significantly expands the scope of the invention.

Measuring electrodes - electrodes that are directly intended to implement the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region. In some cases, in the text of the description and in the claims, the phrase “measuring electrodes” is written in abbreviated form - the word “measuring” is released and only the word “electrodes” is present. In these cases, it is clear from the context that what is meant is “measuring electrodes”. In all other cases, phrases with the word "electrodes" are not used abbreviations.

The set of measuring electrodes is a set that has a specific functional purpose. A plurality of measuring electrodes is named, for example, “the first set of measuring electrodes” which is intended to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region along one axis. In some cases, in the text of the description and in the claims, the phrase “many measuring electrodes” is written in abbreviated form - the phrase “measuring electrodes” is released and only the word “many” is present. In these cases, it is clear from the context that “a plurality of measuring electrodes” is meant. In all other cases, phrases with the word “many” are not used abbreviations.

The system of measuring electrodes is a set of measuring electrodes of the measuring region, which, together with the common electrode and the dielectric substrate, implements the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region at the intersection of the two-dimensional region and the measuring region.

The measuring part is the part of the measuring electrodes of the system in which the measuring electrodes are electrically connected to each other and have a corresponding output.

A group of measuring electrodes is a group consisting of electrodes of different measuring parts, which implements the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a part of a two-dimensional region along one axis. In some cases, in the text of the description and in the claims, the phrase "group of measuring electrodes" is written in abbreviated form - the phrase "measuring electrodes" is released and only the word "group" is present. In these cases, it is clear from the context that what is meant is a group of measuring electrodes. In all other cases, phrases with the word “group” are not used abbreviations.

In the invention, a coordinate system associated with a plurality of measuring electrodes is used for the measuring region. The abscissa axis of the coordinate system is indicated by the X symbol, and the ordinate axis by the Y symbol. The Y axis is orthogonal to the X axis. The X and Y axes of the coordinate system and the coordinate grid are located on the surface of the substrate. For sections of the surface of the substrate, the surface of which is concave or convex, a coordinate grid is used, which is obtained by deformation of the coordinate grid of a flat surface.

In the measuring region, for each of the sets of measuring electrodes, a dedicated coordinate system is defined. In this coordinate system, in the cross section of the measuring electrodes of the set, the abscissa axis, the total width of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part is equal to the total width of the electrodes of the second measuring part. The condition for the equality of the total width of the first and total width of the second measuring parts in the section by the abscissa axis must also be observed for each of the groups of multiple measuring electrodes. This coordinate system is designated as the "local coordinate system of the plurality of measuring electrodes."

The coordinate systems of the sets of measuring electrodes of the measuring region are dependent and can be replaced by a single coordinate system. This coordinate system is called the "coordinate system of the measuring region." The origin of this coordinate system can be combined with the point of intersection of the abscissa axes of the local coordinate systems of two sets of measuring electrodes and with the geometric center of the measuring region. Such a coordinate system in the framework of the invention is designated as a local coordinate system of the measuring region.

1. Electro-capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region

The purpose of the electric capacitive transducer is to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region. The electric capacitive converter corresponds to paragraph 1 of the claims.

Additional features of the variants of this variety are described in the dependent clauses of paragraphs. 2-22. The composition of the claims also includes an option that summarizes the characteristics of the independent paragraph of claim 1 and the main options, in the form of an independent claim of claim 23.

The system of measuring electrodes shown in the claims allows the use of many design options for measuring electrodes. Common to all is that the electrodes of the measuring parts are made in accordance with the essential features of the invention, in the form of conditions. These conditions can be written in the form of mathematical dependencies for the shape, size and relative position of the geometric shapes of the electrodes. Therefore, to prove the implementation of the main purpose for all variants of the capacitive transducer, it is sufficient to consider mathematical dependencies based on the conditions given in the claims for one embodiment with a specific design of electrodes. To prove the implementation of the purpose, the option of an electric capacitive transducer was chosen to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region for electrically conductive bodies, which belongs to the first variety.

1.1. An electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region for bodies of electrically conductive material

The claims of this embodiment include the features set forth in the independent clause of clause 1 and the dependent clauses of clause 3, 4, 9, 11 and 15 of the claims. Clause 3 describes the design of the measuring electrodes in the form of trapezoid, clause 4 is a diagram of the connection of the electrodes and connecting the leads, clause 9 is the design and location of the insulating layer of the dielectric substrate, clause 11 is the design and layout of the common electrode, clause .15 defines the structure of the dielectric substrate in the form of a flat dielectric plate.

The electric capacitance converter is shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. The figures of FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are intended to explain the principle of action. To graphically illustrate a variant of an electro-capacitive transducer, measuring electrodes in the form of trapezoid are used, in accordance with paragraph 3 of the claims. The features of the variant of the electric capacitive converter according to claim 3 of the claims are additionally considered, in the embodiment under the number 1.2.

The purpose of the variant of the electric capacitive transducer is to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region for bodies of electrically conductive material.

The electric capacitive converter is characterized by the following features of the invention.

An electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, containing a dielectric substrate, a common electrode and measuring electrodes, the measuring electrodes being located on the dielectric substrate at the boundary of the corresponding measuring region, the shape, size and location of which are given. The measuring electrodes of the measuring region form a system of measuring electrodes, which contains two sets of measuring electrodes. The measuring electrodes of each of the sets form the first and second measuring parts corresponding to the set. The shape, size and location of the measuring electrodes of the first and second sets are defined in separate coordinate systems corresponding to the sets. Moreover, the ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the measuring electrodes of the first set is located at a predetermined non-zero angle to the ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the measuring electrodes of the second set. For any given first or second set, the measuring electrodes are divided into uniform groups of measuring electrodes. The groups are located on a dielectric substrate with uniform intervals along the abscissa. Each of the groups contains a part corresponding to the plurality of measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts. In each group of sets, the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part are made in the form of geometric figures, the total width of which along the direction of the abscissa axis as a function of distance along the direction of the ordinate axis varies linearly, the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part are made in the form of geometric figures, supplementing the geometric figures of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part until a constant total width is formed along the abscissa axis as a function of distance along the direction B ordinates. The measuring electrodes of the groups are made and arranged in such a way that in any section of the measuring electrodes of the groups parallel to the abscissa, the difference between the total width of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part and the total width of the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part, calculated within one full group and one section, is constant in this section for other complete groups, in any section of the measuring electrodes of groups parallel to the abscissa axis, the line calculated within one full group and one section, the total width of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts is a constant value in this section for other full groups, and the full groups have the full composition of the measuring electrodes in cross section. The measuring electrodes of the measuring parts are connected to the corresponding electrical terminals in accordance with the connection diagram of the measuring electrodes and the terminal connections. The findings of the measuring parts together with the output of the common electrode form the conclusions of the electrical capacitive transducer. The values of the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region are expressed as a system of values of the electric capacitances of the electrodes of the measuring parts at the terminals of the electro-capacitive transducer.

In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 shows the basic structural elements of a variant of an electric capacitive transducer 101 for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region for an electrically conductive body. The capacitance converter comprises a dielectric substrate 102, which is made in the form of a plate with a flat surface, a common electrode 106 and measuring electrodes. The common electrode 106 is located on the side of the dielectric substrate 102, which is opposite to the side with the measuring electrodes. The measuring electrodes 103 are located on a dielectric substrate at the boundary of the measuring region 110, the shape, size and location of which are specified and form a system of measuring electrodes of the measuring region. To insulate the electrodes, an insulating layer 111 is provided, located on top of the measuring electrodes 103. The system of measuring electrodes of the measuring region contains two sets of measuring electrodes. The measuring electrodes of each of the sets form the first and second measuring parts corresponding to the set. In FIG. 2 measuring electrodes of the first measuring part of the first set are indicated by the number 112, the second measuring part of the first set by the number 113, the first measuring part of the second set by the number 114, the second measuring part of the second set by the number 115. The shape, size and location of the measuring electrodes of each of the sets are defined in separate corresponding to sets, coordinate systems. In FIG. 2, the first set corresponds to the coordinate system 116, the second set - 117. Moreover, the ordinate axis of the coordinate system 116 of the measuring electrodes of the first set is located at a predetermined non-zero angle to the ordinate axis 117 of the coordinate system of the measuring electrodes of the second set. For any given first or second set, the measuring electrodes are divided into uniform groups of measuring electrodes. One of the groups of the first set is indicated by the number 118. The groups are located on the dielectric substrate at regular intervals along the abscissa axis, within the boundaries of the respective measuring regions of the groups of electrodes 125 and 126.

In FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 shows a part 121 of an electric capacitive transducer, for explaining the principle of operation, in which two groups of electrodes 118 and 119 are included in the first set. For convenience of explanation, the groups of measuring electrodes are located within the boundaries of the measuring region 120, which is rotated so that the ordinate axis of the coordinate system 116 is located vertically. This region does not coincide with the measurement region 110 shown in FIG. 2. In this case, the measuring electrodes 112 and 113 are inscribed in the boundary of the measuring region 120. In FIG. 3 shows a body 122 of an electrically conductive material that has a flat contact surface with the surface of the measurement region 120. The body has capacitive coupling C1 with a common electrode 106. In FIG. 4, a two-dimensional contact region 123, which is formed by the contact surface of the body, is shown on the surface of the measurement region 120. The number 124 designates the boundary of the two-dimensional contact area 123. The measuring electrodes of groups 118 and 119 are located within the boundaries of the corresponding measuring areas 137 and 138 of the groups of electrodes. The groups of electrodes consist of measuring electrodes 112 and 113 included in the first and second measuring parts of the first set, respectively. The sizes of the measuring electrodes, the measuring areas of the groups and the electrically conductive body are shown without observing the scale in width.

The system of measuring electrodes of the part 121 of the electric capacitive transducer implements the function of determining the geometric center of the two-dimensional region along one axis.

From the composition of the electrode system of the electro-capacitive converter, we first consider a single group of measuring electrodes, which is indicated in FIG. 4 by number 118. A separate group of measuring electrodes implements the function of determining the coordinate of the geometric center of a part of a two-dimensional region along one axis.

In each group of sets, the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part are made in the form of geometric figures, the total width of which along the direction of the abscissa axis as a function of distance along the direction of the ordinate axis varies linearly. The measuring electrodes of the second measuring part are made in the form of geometric figures, supplementing the geometric figures of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part to form a constant total width along the abscissa axis as a function of distance along the ordinate axis.

To determine the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region, a body 122 is placed on the surface of the measuring region of the electro-capacitive transducer part 121, which on the surface of the measuring region 120 forms a two-dimensional contact region 123 with the surface of the measuring region 120 of the electric capacitive transducer 121 and intersects the measuring region 137 of the group of measuring electrodes 118. Two-dimensional region 123 is shown without proportions in relative sizes.

In the two-dimensional region of contact between the electrically conductive surface of the body and the electrodes of the measuring parts included in the group, capacitors are formed. In this case, the electric capacitance of the electrodes 112 of the first measuring part can be calculated as the sum of two components. The first component is formed by the capacitance of the capacitor, the plates of which are the measuring electrodes 112 of the first measuring part and the surface of the common electrode 106. This component is a “passive” component of the electric capacity of the electrodes. The capacitance corresponds to the electric capacitance of the electrodes of the first measuring part in the absence of a body. The capacity of the second component is formed by a capacitor, one of the plates of which are a conductive two-dimensional contact surface of the electrically conductive body, forming a two-dimensional contact area, the second lining is formed by electrodes of the first measuring part. This component of the capacity is designated as "excess capacity".

The total capacity of the electrodes of the first measuring part is equal to

Where:

With ₁ - the sum of the electrical capacitance of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part;

With ₀₁ - the sum of the electric capacitances of the electrodes of the first measuring part in the absence of a body;

S ₁ - the area of the electrodes of the first measuring part in the region of intersection of the two-dimensional region of contact with the measuring region of the group of electrodes;

To ₁ is the coefficient of proportionality between the area and the excess electric capacity of the measuring electrodes.

For a variant of an electric capacitive converter for determining the coordinate of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with an insulating electrode layer of a dielectric substrate, the coefficient K ₁ is

Where:

ε ₀ is the dielectric constant;

d ₁ - the thickness of the insulating measuring electrodes of the dielectric layer in the contact area;

ε ₁ - the relative dielectric constant of the material of the insulating measuring electrodes layer.

A similar dependence can be written for the capacitance of the electrodes 113 of the second measuring part

Where:

C ₂ - the sum of the electrical capacitance of the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part;

C ₀₂ - the sum of the electric capacitances of the electrodes of the second measuring part in the absence of a body.

S ₂ - the area of the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part in the area of intersection of the two-dimensional region of the body with the measuring region.

The total value of the area of the electrodes of the first measuring part, bounded above and below by two pieces of lines 128 and 129 parallel to the direction of the x-axis, is equal to

Where:

- площадь ограниченной области электродов первой измерительной части;

- the area of the limited area of the electrodes of the first measuring part;

- длина трапеций электродов;

- the length of the trapezoidal electrodes;

- суммарная ширина больших оснований трапеций электродов первой измерительной части;

- the total width of the large bases of the trapezium electrodes of the first measuring part;

- суммарная ширина малых оснований трапеций электродов первой измерительной части;

- the total width of the small bases of the trapezium electrodes of the first measuring part;

Δy = y ₂ -y ₁ .

The y coordinate is defined as the coordinate of the center of the bounded region along the Y axis, relative to the origin of the coordinate system along the Y axis. The origin of the coordinate system 127 coincides with the position of the lower bases of the trapezoid electrodes along the Y axis, as shown in FIG. 4

The magnitude of the area of the electrodes of the second measuring part, bounded above and below by the same line segments, is

Where:

- площадь ограниченной области электродов второй измерительной части;

- the area of the limited area of the electrodes of the second measuring part;

- суммарная ширина больших оснований трапеций электродов второй измерительной части;

- the total width of the large bases of the trapezium electrodes of the second measuring part;

- суммарная ширина малых оснований трапеций электродов второй измерительной части.

- the total width of the small bases of the trapezium electrodes of the second measuring part.

Based on the conditions of the claims, according to which the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts complement each other to form a constant width, we can write the equality

An analysis of expressions (4) and (6) taking into account (7) shows that the coordinate of the center of the bounded region along the Y axis can be expressed through the limited area of the electrodes of the first and second measuring parts

Due to the fact that the total figure made up of limited electrode areas of the first and second measuring parts has a constant width along the X axis as a function of distance along the Y axis and is bounded above and below the Y axis by pieces of lines 128 and 129 parallel to the X axis, the center of this figure along the Y axis coincides with the geometric center of the bounded region.

Therefore, for the geometric center of a bounded region, we can write the expression

Where:

The line segments 128 and 129 are segments of a piecewise constant approximation of the upper and lower sections of the border 124 of the two-dimensional contact region 123.

The analysis shows that such an approximation, due to inaccurate coincidence with the upper and lower parts of the boundary of the two-dimensional contact region, is a source of error in determining the coordinates of the geometric center. The approximation error depends on the total width of the system of measuring electrodes of the group and tends to zero in the case of a relative decrease in width with respect to the height of the electrodes. In this case, the upper and lower sections of the boundary of a two-dimensional body approach the segments of piecewise constant approximation. In this connection, for a system of electrodes with a relatively small total width, the approximation error can be neglected and the following equalities written

Taking into account expressions (1), (3) and (12), the areas of the electrodes can be expressed as

и

в выражение (9) получаем формулу для вычисления координаты геометрического центра по одной оси двумерной области в области пересечения измерительной области и двумерной области соприкосновения телаSubstituting

and

in expression (9) we obtain a formula for calculating the coordinates of the geometric center along one axis of the two-dimensional region in the region of intersection of the measuring region and the two-dimensional region of contact of the body

Where:

G _Y - the coordinate value of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region of the body along the ordinate axis in the region of intersection of the two-dimensional region with the measuring region;

a ₁ - coefficient determining the sensitivity of the electric capacitive transducer along the ordinate axis, depending on the design of the measuring electrodes;

and ₂ is a coefficient that determines the location of the origin of the coordinate system along the ordinate axis relative to the measuring electrodes.

For the version of the Converter, in which the total area of the electrodes of the first and second measuring parts are equal to each other, the coefficients have the following values

In the case of equal electrode areas of the first and second measuring parts, the difference in electric capacitances C ₀₂ -C ₀₁ is equal to zero. Therefore, expression (15) can be written as

or

Coefficient a ₂ , which determines the origin of the coordinate of the geometric center relative to the electrodes along the ordinate Y, in expressions (4) and (6) is set relative to the location of the x-axis X of the coordinate system 127 of the plurality of measuring electrodes passing through the line of the lower trapezoid bases (see Fig. 4 ) Expressions similar to (4) and (6) can be written with the origin of the coordinate system along the Y axis relative to the upper bases of the trapezoid or with a given offset from the bases of the trapezoid. Such a record does not change the form of formula (15). Therefore, formula (15) reflects the general case when a coordinate system with an arbitrarily given value of the coefficient a _{2 is} chosen.

In practice, it is convenient to take the coefficient a ₂ equal to zero. In this case, the X axis passes through the electrode section, in which the total width of the electrodes of the first measuring part is equal to the total width of the electrodes of the second measuring part. This coordinate system is designated as the "local coordinate system" of the plurality of electrodes. The local coordinate system in FIG. 4 is indicated by the number 116.

Thus, the implementation by the group of measuring electrodes of the function of determining the coordinate of the geometric center of a part of the two-dimensional region along one axis is considered proven.

When deriving formula (15), a piecewise constant approximation of the upper and lower boundaries of the two-dimensional region was used to calculate the coordinate of the geometric center of a part of the two-dimensional region. Piecewise constant approximation is a source of error in determining the coordinates of the geometric center. The error value tends to zero in the case of a relative decrease in the width of the sections of piecewise constant approximation along the abscissa. In FIG. Figure 4 shows the segments of the lines 128 and 129 of the piecewise constant approximation corresponding to the group 118 of measuring electrodes that are parallel to the abscissa axis and the segments of the lines 131 and 132 corresponding to the other group 119. The lines of the piecewise constant approximation are defined for the measuring areas 137 and 138 of the groups inside which the electrodes are located relevant groups. In FIG. Figure 4 shows that with the help of two approximation sections, the approximation of the boundary of a two-dimensional region can be performed more accurately than using a single section. In practical implementation, the number of measurement groups used is limited only by the resolution of the photolithographic process of depositing electrodes on a dielectric substrate and can reach several hundreds in the measurement region. The width of the measuring region of the group can be several tens of micrometers. Through the use of many groups of electrodes, the placement of the entire two-dimensional contact area inside the measuring region of the capacitive transducer is ensured. In addition, the error of piecewise constant approximation is reduced.

In accordance with the claims, the measuring electrodes of the groups are made and arranged so that in any section of the measuring electrodes of the groups parallel to the abscissa axis by line 133 (Fig. 4), the difference in the total width of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part and the total the width of the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part is a constant value in this section for other complete groups, in any section of the measuring electrodes of the groups in parallel line abscissa computed within one complete group and the total width of one section of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring units is constant in this cross section to complete other groups, wherein the total group have complete composition measuring electrodes in section.

Due to the fact that the measuring electrodes are located at the boundary of the measuring region, which is not necessarily rectangular, the measuring electrodes of the groups located near the boundary of the measuring region can be cut off at the boundary, while the group located at the edge in the section parallel to the abscissa axis will have an incomplete line composition of electrodes. In this case, to find the sums and differences of the total width of the electrodes of the measuring parts of the groups, groups with an incomplete composition of the electrodes in the cross section cannot be used. At the same time, an incomplete group of electrodes can be conditionally supplemented with parts that have been cut to form a complete group in cross section. Groups so supplemented are considered complete groups and are used to characterize group electrodes in this feature of the invention.

The considered features of the invention essentially limit the design of the electrodes in groups and their relative position within the same image, according to which for different groups the corresponding coefficients a ₁ and a ₂ in formula (15) are equal for all groups. This means that the measuring electrodes of all groups have the same sensitivity, and that the origin of the coordinate system along the ordinate axis for all groups of the set coincides.

In the claims, to characterize the location of the groups of electrodes, a sign is given: “groups of measuring electrodes are located on a dielectric substrate with uniform intervals along the abscissa axis”. The term "uniform intervals" means that the gaps between groups of measuring electrodes may not be strictly constant, but their inconstancy is limited to a certain specified interval. In this case, the inaccuracy of the uniform distribution over a given interval can be neglected.

Clarification of the uniform distribution function is given in the dependent paragraphs of clause 2 and clause 25 of the claims in the form of the following feature of the invention. Each group of measuring electrodes is located on a dielectric substrate at the boundary of the corresponding measuring region of the group, while the measuring regions of the groups have almost the same width in the directions along the abscissa axis and are located almost without gaps between the boundaries of the groups in the directions along the abscissa axis. The word “practically” means that the condition may be inaccurate. Moreover, the magnitude of the inaccuracy is associated with practical errors in determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region. For example, if the measuring groups are located on the curved surface of the dielectric substrate, gaps may exist between the boundaries of the measuring regions of the groups in separate places. For a flat surface of a dielectric substrate, there are no gaps between the boundaries of the measuring regions of the groups.

In accordance with the features of the claims, the total width along the abscissa as a function of distance along the ordinate is a constant for each group of electrodes. The measuring electrodes of all groups in sections parallel to the abscissa axis have the same width. The measuring areas of each group have almost the same width, which also does not change along the abscissa. Therefore, the intersection area of the electrodes of each group of measuring electrodes with the two-dimensional region can be associated with the intersection area of the two-dimensional region with the measuring region of the electrode group, with the introduction of the proportionality coefficient

Where:

S ^'' is the intersection area of the two-dimensional region with the measuring region of the group of electrodes;

To ₂ is the coefficient of proportionality.

S ₁ + S ₂ - the area of the intersection of the two-dimensional region 123 with the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts of the group.

Due to the fact that the electrode systems of each group have the same sensitivity and are located on the dielectric substrate in the same coordinate system, taking into account expression (20), for the geometric center of the two-dimensional region along the ordinate Y, we can write

Where:

G _Y is the coordinate of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region along the y-axis;

- координата геометрического центра области пересечения двумерной области соприкосновения 123 тела и измерительной области группы электродов с номером i, по оси ординат Y;

- the coordinate of the geometric center of the region of intersection of the two-dimensional region of contact 123 of the body and the measuring region of the group of electrodes with number i, along the ordinate Y;

- площадь области пересечения двумерной области 123 с измерительными электродами первой и второй измерительных частей группы, для группы с номером i.

- the area of the intersection of the two-dimensional region 123 with the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts of the group, for group number i.

правой частью выражения (21) с учетом выражений (9) и (12), для координаты геометрического центра двумерной области получаемBased on expression (21), by replacing

the right-hand side of expression (21), taking into account expressions (9) and (12), for the coordinate of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region, we obtain

Given the expressions for the capacitances of the electrodes (1) and (3)

The sums of the capacitances of the electrodes of the measuring parts of the groups are equal to the corresponding sums of the capacities of the electrodes of the measuring parts of the measuring region of the electric capacitance converter. Therefore, the following equalities are valid

As a result of substituting these sums into expression (23), we obtain a formula for calculating the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, identical to formula (15).

In this regard, the implementation of the function of determining the coordinates of a two-dimensional region along one axis, using two measuring parts of a plurality of measuring electrodes, is considered proven.

In accordance with the claims, the measuring region comprises two sets of measuring electrodes. The measuring electrodes of each of the sets form the first and second measuring parts corresponding to the set. The shape, size and location of the measuring electrodes of each of the sets are determined in separate coordinate systems corresponding to the sets, and the ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the measuring electrodes of the first set is located at a predetermined non-zero angle to the ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the measuring electrodes of the second set. The measuring electrodes of the measuring parts are connected to the corresponding electrical terminals in accordance with the connection diagram of the measuring electrodes and the terminal connections. The values of the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region are expressed as a system of values of the electric capacitances of the electrodes of the measuring parts at the terminals of the electro-capacitive transducer.

In this case, the geometric center of the two-dimensional region is at the intersection of two lines. The first line is perpendicular to the ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the first set of electrodes and has the coordinate of the geometric center measured using the first set of electrodes, the second line is perpendicular to the ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the second set and has the coordinate equal to the measured value of the coordinate of the geometric center along the ordinate through the second set of electrodes. The first and second lines are identical to the two equilibrium axes of the two-dimensional region, the intersection of which determines the location of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region. The values of the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region are expressed as a system of values of the electric capacitances of the electrodes of the measuring parts at the terminals of the electro-capacitive transducer.

Thus, the purpose of the electric capacitive transducer, which is to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region formed by the contact of the electrically conductive body with the surface of the measuring region of the electric capacitive transducer, is considered proven.

As shown in the description of the invention, the use of various embodiments of the dielectric substrate and the common electrode does not change the appearance of the basic formulas (15), (25) and (26) to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region. Therefore, the implementation of the purpose of "determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region" extends to the varieties and their variants described in the invention.

In accordance with the invention, the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts are connected to the corresponding electrical terminals in accordance with the connection diagram of the measuring electrodes and terminal connections. The values of the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region are expressed as a system of values of the electric capacitances of the electrodes of the measuring parts at the terminals of the electro-capacitive transducer. The electric capacitance converter allows the use of a variety of electrode connection schemes and terminal connections. Variants of the circuits are given in the variants of the electric capacitive converter. The coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region are connected by a system of capacities of the measuring parts by mathematical dependencies. Mathematical dependencies are given in the description of the options for connecting the electrodes and connecting the terminals.

In the electric capacitance converter, which is shown in FIG. 1, two coordinate systems 116 and 117 corresponding to the first and second sets of measuring electrodes are used to determine the geometric center of the two-dimensional region. Coordinate systems are dependent on each other, because the ordinate axis of the coordinate system 116 of the first set is tilted by a predetermined angle relative to the ordinate axis of the coordinate system 117 of the second set. These systems can be converted to one coordinate system, which is designated as the coordinate system of the measuring region. Recalculation of the positions of the electrodes and the position of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region from the coordinate systems 116 and 117 of the individual sets of electrodes into the coordinate system of the measuring region is performed according to known formulas. Accordingly, in the coordinate system of the measuring region, it is possible to determine the shape, size and location of the measuring electrodes.

The most convenient for use is the coordinate system 135 of the measuring region, in which the origin coincides with the point of intersection of the abscissa axes 136 of the local coordinate systems 116 and 117 of the first and second sets. Such a coordinate system of the electric capacitive transducer refers to the "local coordinate system of the measuring region." Moreover, in an embodiment, the ordinate axis of the coordinate system, as shown in FIG. 1 is rotated so that this axis coincides with the direction of one of the sides of the dielectric substrate 102 in the form of a plate.

The analysis shows that there are systems of measuring electrodes in which the electrodes of two sets, as well as their conclusions, can be located on the same surface of the dielectric substrate layer. Variants of these electrode systems are given in the dependent claims of Claim 3, Clause 4, Clause 5, Clause 6, Clause 7, and also Clause 26, Clause 27, and Clause 28.

The options are based on the properties of the electrode system, in which the measuring electrodes are made in the form of trapezoid. To illustrate the properties of FIG. 5 and FIG. 6. shows a group 212 of measuring electrodes in the form of a trapezoid. The trapezoid of the group of measuring electrodes 212 can be made with an inclination at a predetermined angle ϕ ₁ relative to the ordinate Y of the coordinate system 216, as shown in FIG. 5. In the case of trapezoid tilt by shifting the upper bases along the x-axis, their total width determined along the x-axis and the dependence of the change in total width along the direction of the Y-axis for the electrodes 202 or 203 of the measuring parts are not changed. With the slope of the trapezoid, the area of the trapezoid also does not change. For many inclined groups of measuring electrodes, the coordinate system of many measuring electrodes will not change. Therefore, inclined electrodes for the purpose of determining the coordinates of a two-dimensional region along one axis are equivalent to non-inclined electrodes. The measuring electrodes of the measuring parts included in the group, as shown in FIG. 6 can be inscribed in a predetermined measuring region 214 of a group of electrodes on a dielectric substrate by trimming them at the boundary of the measuring region and lengthening by extending the lines of the trapezoid sides to the boundary of the measuring region of the group. Measuring electrodes of a plurality of groups can also be entered into a given measuring region. In this case, inscribed and elongated measuring electrodes within the framework of a given measuring region correspond to the features of the invention. Cutting and elongation of the electrodes do not change the features of the invention, do not change the coordinate system of the plurality of measuring electrodes and the magnitude of the coefficients in formula (15), due to the fact that the determination of the coordinate of the geometric center is based on the excess electric capacitance of the electrodes using sections of the measuring electrodes only at the intersection of the two-dimensional region with the measuring region.

These properties make it possible to create electrode systems consisting of two or more sets of measuring electrodes in which the measuring electrodes of the sets, when located on the surface, do not intersect each other. In this case, the electrode systems correspond to the characteristics of paragraph 1 of the claims.

One of such systems of measuring electrodes is used in version 1.2 of the electric capacitive transducer, the description of which is given below.

1.2 Variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with the location of electrodes, connecting conductors and leads on one surface of a layer of a dielectric substrate

A variant of an electric capacitive converter corresponds to paragraph 3 of the claims. The essence of the electro-capacitive transducer is considered on the example of the variant of the electro-capacitive transducer with four leads from the measuring parts shown in FIG. 9. To clarify the essence, the drawings of FIG. 7 and FIG. 8.

A variant is characterized by the following features of the invention.

An electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, characterized in that in order to ensure the location of the measuring electrodes, connecting conductors and leads on the same surface of the dielectric substrate layer, the measuring electrodes are made in the form of trapezoid. For groups of electrodes 218 (see Fig. 7) included in the first set located on the edges of the groups the sides of the trapezoid, by displacing the upper bases of the trapezium of the groups along the abscissa axis of the coordinate system 216 of the first set, are made with an inclination by the first predetermined angle ϕ ₁ with respect to the ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the first set. For groups of electrodes 219 included in the second set, the sides of the trapezoids located on the edge of the groups, by displacing the upper bases of the trapezoidal groups along the abscissa of the coordinate system 217 of the second set, are inclined by a second predetermined angle ϕ ₂ relative to the ordinate axis of the coordinate system 217 of the second sets not equal to the first corner. The groups of measuring electrodes (see Fig. 8) of the first and second sets are located on a dielectric substrate at the boundary of the measuring region 110 with alternation and do not intersect each other, while the sides of the trapezoid located on the edges of the groups are located almost parallel to each other. The electrodes of the measuring parts (see Fig. 8 and Fig. 9) are made and arranged so that the parts of the geometric shapes of the electrodes that extend beyond the measurement region 110 are cut off along the boundary of the measuring region. The geometric shapes of the electrodes that do not reach the boundary of the measuring region are extended by extending the lines of the trapezoid sides to the boundary of the measuring region, the measuring electrodes are arranged so that the point 221 of the abscissa axes of the local coordinate systems 216 and 217 of the first and second sets of measuring electrodes coincides with the geometric center of the measuring region 110.

Additionally, in FIG. 7 shows the measurement areas 214 and 215 for groups of measuring electrodes. The measurement regions of groups 214 and 215 constitute the measurement region 110, as shown in FIG. nine.

The implementation of the assignment for the variant of the electric capacitive transducer is ensured by the fact that for each set of measuring electrodes located on the edge of the groups of the sides of the trapezoid, by displacing the upper bases of the trapezoid of the groups along the abscissa axis, they are inclined at predetermined angles that are not equal to each other. Moreover, when combining multiple electrodes, the sides of the trapezoid located on the edges of the groups are located almost parallel to each other. Therefore, the ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the measuring electrodes of the first set is located at a predetermined non-zero angle to the ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the second set of measuring electrodes, which corresponds to the essential feature of the independent claim of claim 1.

Due to the fact that the groups of measuring electrodes of the first set and the groups of measuring electrodes of the second set are located on the dielectric substrate at the boundary of the measuring region with alternation and do not intersect each other, the measuring electrodes of the groups can be located on the same surface of the layer of the dielectric substrate. As shown in FIG. 9, 11, 14, 17, 33 and FIG. 35 in embodiments of the invention, the implementation of the electrode system in accordance with the features of the invention of these options, allows you to place the measuring electrodes, connecting conductors and leads on the same surface of the dielectric substrate layer.

The location of the measuring electrodes and connecting conductors and terminals on the same surface of the dielectric substrate layer allows to increase the accuracy of the capacitive transducer and reduce its cost. The increase in accuracy is due to the fact that in this case there is no need to combine the electrodes located on different surfaces of the layers of the dielectric substrate, as a result, the width of the groups of electrodes can be reduced and the error of the piecewise constant approximation of the boundary of the two-dimensional region can be reduced. The cost reduction is due to the simplification of the manufacturing process, in which it is necessary to apply electrodes to only one surface of the dielectric substrate layer.

In an embodiment of the invention, the measuring electrodes are arranged so that the intersection point of the abscissa axes of the local coordinate systems of the first and second sets of measuring electrodes coincides with the geometric center of the measuring region. The location of the point of intersection of the abscissa axes of the local coordinate systems of the first and second sets in the geometric center of the measuring region essentially means the equality of the areas of the electrodes of the measuring parts for each corresponding set. As a result, the stability and noise immunity of the electric capacitive converter increases.

In the case of using the local coordinate system of the measuring region, the feature of the invention “the point of intersection of the abscissa axes of the local coordinate systems of the first and second sets of measuring electrodes coincides with the geometric center of the measuring region” can be replaced by the sign “the beginning of the local coordinate system of the measuring region coincides with the geometric center of the measuring region.

1.3 Variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with four leads from a system of measuring electrodes

A variant of the electric capacitive converter corresponds to paragraph 4 of the claims. In this embodiment, in addition to the features of the electro-capacitive converter according to claim 1, a diagram of electrode connections and terminal connections is specified. Features of the wiring diagram of an embodiment are shown in FIG. nine.

An embodiment has the following features of the invention.

An electric capacitance converter characterized in that in the circuit of connecting the electrodes and connecting the terminals, the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part of the first set are electrically connected to each other and connected to the corresponding terminal, the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part of the first set are electrically connected to each other and connected to the corresponding terminal, measuring electrodes the first measuring part of the second set are electrically interconnected and connected to the corresponding conclusion, the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part of the second set are electrically connected to each other and connected to the corresponding output, an additional output is connected to a common electrode.

The coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region are connected with the system of values of the electric capacitances of the electrodes of the measuring parts at the terminals of the electric capacitive transducer by the following dependencies.

Where:

G _Y1 - the coordinate value of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region along the ordinate axis Y1 of the coordinate system of the first set in the region of intersection of the two-dimensional region with the measuring region;

G _Y2 is the coordinate value of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region along the Y2 ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the second set in the region of intersection of the two-dimensional region with the measuring region;

a _{1, Y1} — coefficient determining the sensitivity of the electric capacitive transducer along the Y1 ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the first set;

a _{1, Y2} — coefficient determining the sensitivity of the electric capacitive transducer along the Y2 ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the second set;

and _{2, Y1} is a coefficient that determines the location of the origin of the coordinate system of the first set relative to the measuring electrodes along the ordinate Y1;

a _{2, Y2} - coefficient determining the location of the origin of the coordinate system of the second set relative to the measuring electrodes along the ordinate Y2;

C _{1, M1} - the sum of the electric capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part of the first set;

C _{2, M1} - the sum of the electric capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part of the first set;

C _{01, M1} , C _{02, M1} - the sums of the electric capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts, respectively, of the first set in the absence of a body;

With _{1, M2} - the sum of the electrical capacitance of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part of the second set;

C _{2, M2} - the sum of the electric capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part of the second set;

C _{01, M2} , C _{02, M2} are the sums of the electric capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts, respectively, of the second set in the absence of a body.

Values C _{01, M1,} C _{02, M1} , C _{01, M2} and C _{02, M2 are} found in the process of calibrating the capacitive converter, stored in the memory block of the microcontroller and, if necessary, read. These values correspond to the measured values of electric capacitances C _{1, M1,} C _{2, M1} , C _{1, M2} and C _{2, M2} in the absence of a body, for which the geometric center of the two-dimensional region is determined.

Each of the dependences (25) and (26) is similar to the dependence (15) for one of the two sets of electrodes. The differences concern only the designations of capacities of the measuring parts and the designations of coordinate systems, with reference to sets.

The analysis shows that when determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, one of the four measuring parts is dependent on other measuring parts. To realize the purpose, it is enough to use three measuring parts. In this case, the system of measuring electrodes of three independent measuring parts can be obtained using an electrode system consisting of four measuring parts by using the connection diagram of the measuring electrodes and connecting the terminals, without changing the design of the measuring electrodes of these parts. In this case, a system of measuring electrodes of the measuring region is formed, consisting of three measuring parts, in which in each measuring part the measuring electrodes are interconnected and connected to the corresponding terminal.

A feature of the variants of this circuit is that the system of measuring electrodes of the electro-capacitive transducer for measuring the geometric center of the two-dimensional region has three conclusions. Connection diagrams of the measuring electrodes and terminal connections are given in versions 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6. In the description of the options, the implementation of the assignment of electric capacitive converters to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, for a system of electrodes having three measuring parts, is proved. In this case, the system of measuring electrodes of the measuring region has three outputs.

1.4 A variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with three leads from a system of measuring electrodes and connecting the electrodes of one of the measuring parts of the first set and one opposite measuring part of the second set of electrodes

A variant of the electric capacitive converter corresponds to paragraph 5 of the claims. For this embodiment, the arrangement of the measuring electrodes of the first and second sets separately, similarly to the embodiment shown in FIG. 7. In FIG. 10 shows the measuring electrodes in combined form with the alternation of groups, as they are located on the dielectric substrate. In FIG. 11 shows the measuring electrodes, taking into account trimming and elongation to the boundary of the measuring region, a diagram of the connections of the electrodes and the connection leads. A variant is characterized by the following features of the invention.

An electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, characterized in that in the circuit for connecting the electrodes and connecting the terminals, the measuring electrodes of one of the measuring parts of the first set are electrically connected to each other and to the electrodes of the opposite measuring part of the second set and connected to the corresponding terminal, the measuring electrodes are not connected measuring parts of the first set are electrically interconnected and connected to the corresponding at the output, the measuring electrodes of the unconnected measuring part of the second set are interconnected and connected to the corresponding output, an additional output is connected to the common electrode. In this case, the measuring electrodes form a system of measuring electrodes, consisting of three measuring parts.

In this case, expressions (25) and (26) can also be used to determine the coordinates of the geometric center. Moreover, the capacitances of the electrodes of the measuring parts, for which there are no direct measurements, can be expressed in terms of the sum of the capacitances of the connected electrodes and the capacities of the electrodes that are not connected. This possibility is due to the fact that the trapezoid of the first and second measuring parts of any group of electrodes complement each other to form a constant width, the magnitude of which is known, and the magnitude of the impact of the body for which the geometric center is determined on the two nearest electrode groups is assumed to be conditionally the same. The error associated with this assumption relates to the error of the piecewise constant approximation of the boundary of a two-dimensional region of the body.

For example, the electrical capacitances of the electrodes C _{2, M1} , C _{1, M2} are interconnected and therefore individually unknown. At the same time, to calculate the values of these capacities, you can use the formulas

Where:

C ₃ = C _{2, M1} + C _{1, M2} - the sum of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the connected measuring parts;

C _∑ = C _{2, M2} + C _{1, M1} + C ₃ - the sum of the electric capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the first and second sets of electrodes.

The values of C _{02, M1} and C _{01, M2} required for the calculation by formulas (25) and (26) are determined during the calibration process, then they are recorded in the memory block of the microcontroller, and when calculating the geometric center, they are read from the memory block of the microcontroller. The calculation of electric capacitance values by formulas (27) and (28) is carried out in the processor of the microcontroller, before performing the function of calculating the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region according to formulas (25) and (26). To obtain the coordinate values in the local coordinate system of the measuring region, the functions performed by the processor of the microcontroller can be supplemented by a coordinate system conversion function.

1.5 Variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with three leads from a system of measuring electrodes and connecting electrodes of one of the measuring parts of the first set and one measuring part of the same name of the second set of electrodes

A variant of the electric capacitive converter corresponds to paragraph 6 of the claims. In FIG. 12 shows the shape and arrangement of the measuring electrodes of the first and second sets separately. In FIG. 13 shows the same measuring electrodes in combined form with alternating groups as they are located on a dielectric substrate. In FIG. 14 shows the measuring electrodes, taking into account trimming and elongation to the boundary of the measuring region, a diagram of the connections of the electrodes and the connections of the terminals.

An embodiment has the following features of the invention.

An electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, characterized in that in the circuit of connecting the electrodes and connecting the terminals, the measuring electrodes of one of the measuring parts of the first set are electrically connected to each other and with the electrodes of the same measuring part of the second set and connected to the corresponding terminal, the measuring electrodes are not connected measuring parts of the first set are electrically interconnected and connected to the corresponding the output, the measuring electrodes of the unconnected measuring part of the second set are interconnected and connected to the corresponding output, an additional output is connected to the common electrode. In this case, the measuring electrodes form a system of measuring electrodes, consisting of three measuring parts.

In this embodiment, to determine the coordinates of the geometric center, you can also use expressions (25) and (26). In this case, the values of the electric capacitances of the electrodes, for which there are no direct measurements, can be expressed in terms of the sum of the capacitances of the connected electrodes and the capacities of the electrodes that are not connected. For example, the electrical capacitances of the electrodes C _{2, M1} and C _{2, M2} are interconnected and therefore individually unknown. At the same time, to calculate the capacitance values, you can use the formulas

Where:

C ₄ = C _{2, M2} + C _{2, M1} - the sum of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the connected measuring parts;

C _∑ = C _{1, M2} + C _{1, M1} + C ₄ - the sum of the electrical capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the first and second sets of electrodes.

The values C _{02, M1} and C _{02, M2} required for calculation by formulas (25) and (26) are determined during the calibration process, and then recorded in the memory unit. When calculating the geometric center, read from the memory block of the microcontroller. The calculation of the electric capacitance values by formulas (29) and (30) is carried out in the processor of the microcontroller, before performing the function of calculating the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region according to formulas (25) and (26). To obtain the coordinate values in the local coordinate system of the measuring region, the functions performed by the microcontroller processor can be supplemented by the coordinate system conversion function.

1.6 Variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with three leads from a system of measuring electrodes and disconnecting one of the measuring parts of one of the many electrodes

A variant of the electric capacitive converter corresponds to paragraph 7 of the claims. In FIG. 15 shows the shape and arrangement of the measuring electrodes of the first and second sets separately. In FIG. 16 shows the same measuring electrodes in combined form with alternating groups as they are located on a dielectric substrate. In FIG. 17 shows the measuring electrodes, taking into account trimming and elongation to the boundary of the measuring region, a diagram of the connections of the electrodes and connection of the terminals, as well as the microcontroller circuit.

An embodiment has the following features of the invention.

An electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, characterized in that, in the circuit of the electrode connections and terminal connections, the measuring electrodes of any three measuring parts of the first and second sets for each measuring part are individually connected to each other and connected to the corresponding terminals of the measuring parts, an additional output is connected to the common electrode. In this case, the measuring electrodes form a system of measuring electrodes, consisting of three measuring parts.

Due to the fact that in this embodiment, the measuring electrodes of one of the measuring parts of one set, for example, the second measuring part of the second set, are not connected, the value of the electric capacitance of the measuring electrodes C _{2, M2 is} unknown. Therefore, expression (26) cannot be directly used. At the same time, the value of the electric capacitance of the measuring electrodes C _{2, M2} can be calculated based on the values of the electric capacitance of the measuring electrodes of other measuring parts

The value of C _{02, M2} required for calculation by formulas (26) is determined during the calibration process and recorded in the memory unit. When calculating the coordinates of the geometric center, read from the memory block of the microcontroller. The calculation of the electrical capacitance of the excluded measuring part by the formula (31) is performed by the microcontroller processor, before performing the function of calculating the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region according to formulas (25) and (26). To obtain the coordinate values in the local coordinate system of the measuring region, the functions performed by the processor of the microcontroller can be supplemented by a coordinate system conversion function.

Variants 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6 of the electric capacitive converter have the same positive properties as version 1.3. An additional positive feature of the options is the reduction of conclusions to three, which allows us to simplify the wiring diagram and reduce the distance between the measuring areas in the case of using a plurality of measuring areas in the electric capacitive transducer, which reduces the error in determining the geometric center.

1.7 Variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with an output signal in the form of a digital code

A variant of the electric capacitive converter corresponds to paragraph 8 of the claims. In FIG. 18 shows a microcontroller circuit and a wiring diagram of the terminals of an electric capacitive converter to a microcontroller.

A variant is characterized by the following features of the invention.

An electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region characterized in that in order to generate an output signal in the form of a digital code, an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region is additionally equipped with a microcontroller 260 containing a multi-channel analog-to-digital converter 266 "electric capacitance - digital code" , a memory unit 269 and a processor 267, and the conclusions of the measuring parts of the capacitive converter sub are connected to the corresponding inputs of the channels of the analog-to-digital converter, the terminal 211 of the common electrode is connected to the corresponding input of the microcontroller, the output of the analog-to-digital converter is connected to the input of the processor. The signals 268 of electric capacitances in the form of a digital code from the output of the analog-to-digital converter 266 are fed to the input of the microcontroller processor 267, the processor implements the function of calculating the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region, in the computational algorithm of which formulas (25) and (26) are used, and also generates output signals 270 coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region, expressed as a digital code at the output of the microcontroller.

To obtain the coordinate values in the local coordinate system of the measuring region, the functions performed by the microcontroller processor can be supplemented by the coordinate system conversion function.

The microcontroller circuit shown in FIG. 18 is applicable to options 1.4, 1.5, and 1.6. The differences are due to the fact that the connection diagrams of the terminals of the electric capacitive converter for options 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6 differ in the presence of three conclusions from the measuring parts. Therefore, three outputs are connected to the analog-to-digital converter.

1.8 Variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region for plane bodies of homogeneous dielectric material

The claims of this embodiment include the features set forth in the independent clause of clause 1 and the dependent clauses of clause 11, 12 and 15 of the claims. Clause 11 and Clause 12 characterize the design and location of the common electrode, clause 15 defines the design of a dielectric substrate in the form of a plate with a flat surface.

Features of an embodiment of an electric capacitive converter are shown in FIG. 19. In FIG. 20 further shows a solid planar body 305 of a uniform dielectric material and a common electrode connection diagram for explaining the principle of operation with a designation of a common electrode terminal 211.

In an embodiment, the capacitive transducer 302 for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region contains a dielectric substrate 102 made in the form of a plate with measuring electrodes 103 located on the surface of the side of the dielectric substrate 102. The common electrode 106 contains two parts. The first part 303 of the common electrode is located on the side of the dielectric substrate 102, which is opposite to the side with the measuring electrodes, and the common electrode has a surface facing the measuring electrodes at constant distances from the surface of the layer of the dielectric substrate with the measuring electrodes 103. The second part 304 of the common electrode is located with side of the dielectric substrate with measuring electrodes, and part of the common electrode is facing towards the measuring electrodes ited with constant distances from the surface layer of the dielectric substrate with the measuring electrodes.

The principle of operation of an electric capacitive converter is as follows.

To determine the geometric center of the two-dimensional region, a flat body of homogeneous dielectric material is placed on the surface of the measuring region between the measuring electrodes and part of the common electrode 304. In this case, the capacitances of the capacitors are increased at the intersection of the two-dimensional region of the flat body and the measuring region, 103 of which are formed by 103 measuring electrodes parts and part of a common electrode 304.

For capacitances of the electrodes of the measuring parts, expressions (1) and (3) are valid. The value of the coefficient K ₁ is equal to

Where:

ε ₀ is the dielectric constant;

d ₂ - the width of the air gap between the part of the common electrode and the surface of a flat body;

d ₃ - the thickness of a flat body;

ε _PT - the relative dielectric constant of the material of a flat body;

ε _B is the relative dielectric constant of air.

Because the coefficient K ₁ in formulas (15), (25) and (26) for calculating the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region is reduced, the nature of dependence (32) does not affect the implementation of the purpose of the electric capacitive transducer.

Otherwise, the description of the principle of operation of an electric capacitive transducer is similar to the considered principle of operation of a variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the geometric center of a two-dimensional region of bodies of electrically conductive material, indicated by the number 1.1.

1.9 Variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region for electrically conductive or dielectric bodies, with a deformable dielectric substrate layer

The claims of this embodiment include the features set forth in the independent clause of clause 1 and the dependent clauses of clause 11, 15 and p. 21 of the formula. Clause 11 describes the design and location of the common electrode, clause 15 defines the design of a dielectric substrate in the form of a plate with a flat surface, clause 21 refers to the design of a deformable dielectric layer and a stretchable electrode.

Features of an embodiment of an electric capacitive converter are shown in FIG. 21. In FIG. 22 further shows a solid, which may be composed of a dielectric or electrically conductive material, and a common electrode connection diagram for explaining the principle of operation.

In this embodiment, the capacitive transducer 307 comprises a deformable dielectric substrate layer 308 that is configured to elastically deform in thickness in separate regions of the layer. A deformable dielectric layer is located on top of the measuring electrodes 103. A thin stretchable electrode 309 is applied to the outside of the layer, which is connected to a common electrode 106.

The principle of operation of an electric capacitive converter is as follows.

A body 310 of dielectric or electrically conductive material is touched to the measuring region of the dielectric substrate, which under its own weight or under the influence of an external force F deforms the layer 308 of dielectric material to a predetermined depth. In this case, with a decrease in the thickness of the dielectric layer, at the intersection of the two-dimensional region of contact between the body and the measuring region, the capacitances of the capacitors increase, the plates of which are formed by the measuring electrodes 103 of the measuring parts and a thin stretching electrode 309. Moreover, for the capacitances of the electrodes of the measuring parts, the expressions (1 ) and (3). The coefficient K1 in this case is equal to

Where:

d ₄ is the thickness of the deformable dielectric layer of the substrate within the contact area under the action of an external force on the body;

ε _DP - the relative dielectric constant of the deformable layer of the substrate;

d ₅ - the thickness of the deformable layer of the dielectric substrate in the absence of the action of the body on the substrate with measuring electrodes.

Otherwise, the description of the principle of operation of the transducer is similar to the considered principle of operation of a variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the geometric center of a two-dimensional region for bodies of electrically conductive material, indicated by number 1.1.

Because the coefficient K ₁ in formulas (15), (25) and (26) for calculating the coordinates of the geometric center of the body of the two-dimensional region is reduced, the nature of dependence (33) does not affect the implementation of the main purpose of the converter.

A positive property of the variant lies in the possibility of determining the geometric center of the two-dimensional region, both for dielectric bodies and for electrically conductive bodies. The function of determining the geometric center by the electrode system, as shown in the description of the invention, takes into account the weights of the sections of the two-dimensional region in the area of approximation of the body. In this connection, a body that acts on a deformable dielectric layer may have an arbitrary shape surface.

Below is a description of the options of the electric capacitive transducer for determining the geometric center of the two-dimensional region, differing in the design of the individual elements of the transducer. These options can be used in different combinations in the options for electric capacitive converters that implement a specific purpose. Variants apply to electro-capacitive transducers with one measuring region, as well as to electro-capacitive transducers with many measuring regions.

1.10 Variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with insulation of the measuring electrodes

A variant of the electric capacitive converter corresponds to paragraph 9 and paragraph 32 of the claims. Features of the embodiment are shown in FIG. 23.

The embodiment is characterized in that the capacitive transducer 312 comprises an insulating dielectric layer 111 of dielectric material located on the surface of the side of the dielectric substrate 102 with measuring electrodes 103. Moreover, the insulating dielectric layer is made of solid dielectric material or a dielectric material that allows elastic deformation in thickness in separate areas. The insulating layer may be made of a transparent material.

The function of the insulating layer is to isolate the electrodes from direct contact with the body and protect the electrodes from mechanical damage.

For an electro-capacitive transducer for electrically conductive bodies, where a dielectric substrate in the form of a flat plate is used, in the expression (1), the proportionality coefficient K ₁ between the electric capacitance and the area of the electrodes corresponds to expression (2). At the same time, an increase in the thickness of the insulating layer of the substrate and, accordingly, the coefficient K ₁ practically does not affect the implementation of the main purpose of the electric capacitive converter, because the coefficient K ₁ in formulas (15), (25) and (26) for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region is reduced. In any other variants of the electric capacitive converter, the presence of an insulating layer, regardless of its thickness, practically does not impede the implementation of the main purpose of the electric capacitive converter.

In this connection, the insulating layer can be relatively large thickness and strength. An additional positive property of the insulating layer is the reduction in sampling error. If the thickness of the insulating layer is chosen several times greater than the width of the electrodes, then the electric field from the boundary of the body at the level of the surface of the dielectric substrate with the measuring electrodes is distributed over a large area. In this case, the projection of the body boundary onto the measuring electrodes will be less clear and covers a larger number of electrodes in the direction of the width of the electrodes. As a result, the average value of the boundary is determined more accurately by the converter.

1.11 Variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with the location of the electrodes on one or more surfaces of the layers of the dielectric substrate

A variant of the electric capacitive converter corresponds to paragraph 10 and paragraph 33 of the claims. Features of the embodiment are shown in FIG. 24.

Electro-capacitive converters of the group of inventions use measuring electrodes of electrically conductive material with a relatively small thickness, for example, printed electrodes. The measuring electrodes are located on the outer surface of the dielectric substrate or on the surface of its layer. Using a variant of the electric capacitive transducer 314 with the location of the measuring electrodes on several surfaces of the layers of the dielectric substrate, the dielectric substrate with the measuring electrodes is multilayer, while the measuring electrodes 315 of the measuring parts are located on several surfaces of the layers of the dielectric substrate. In FIG. 24 shows the placement of electrodes on two surfaces of layers of a dielectric substrate. An additional layer with electrodes is indicated by the number 316. Structurally, the measuring electrodes can be deposited using photolithography on one layer of the dielectric substrate on different sides of the layer, for example, on layer 316, or on one side of separate layers 316 and 317, which are superimposed and interconnected. In this case, the measuring electrodes located on different surfaces of the substrate layers are isolated from each other.

The variant with the location of the electrodes on several surfaces of the layers of the dielectric substrate can find application if it is necessary to intersect the measuring electrodes or their leads on the dielectric substrate. For example, such a design of a dielectric substrate can be used in an electric capacitive transducer with the arrangement of the measuring areas with electrodes in the form of rows and columns.

1.12 A variant of an electric capacitive transducer with a common electrode located on the side of the dielectric substrate, which is opposite to the side with the measuring electrodes

The option corresponds to paragraph 11 and paragraph 34 of the claims. The embodiment is characterized in that the common electrode is located on the side of the dielectric substrate, which is opposite to the side with the measuring electrodes, and the common electrode has a surface facing the measuring electrodes with constant distances from the surface of the layer of the dielectric substrate with the measuring electrodes.

The function of the common electrode is to equalize the electric field that acts on the measuring electrodes from the side of the dielectric substrate, which is opposite to the side with the measuring electrodes. Additionally, the common electrode performs the function of shielding the measuring electrodes from interference, as well as the function of connecting an electrically conductive body to the measuring circuit.

The common electrode can be made, for example, in the form of a flat plate or in the form of a thin printing electrode 106 (Fig. 1) on the surface of the dielectric sheath layer, as well as in the form of other structures.

1.13 Variant of an electric capacitive transducer in which a part of the common electrode is located on the side of the dielectric substrate with measuring electrodes

The option corresponds to paragraph 12 and paragraph 35 of the claims.

In the embodiment (Fig. 19), the additional part 304 of the common electrode is located on the side of the dielectric substrate with the measuring electrodes, and the part of the common electrode has a surface facing the measuring electrodes with constant distances from the surface of the layer of the dielectric substrate with the measuring electrodes. In this case, the function of the common electrode is supplemented by the function of forming a uniform electric field between the measuring electrodes 103 and part of the common electrode 304. The common electrode can be made, for example, in the form of a flat plate, as well as in the form of other structures.

A common electrode of this design is used in version 1.8 of the electric capacitive transducer to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of a plane body of dielectric material.

1.14 Variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with a shielding electrode

The option corresponds to paragraph 13 and paragraph 36 of the claims.

An embodiment of a capacitive transducer 320 with a shield electrode is shown in FIG. 25. The shielding electrode 321 is made in the form of an electrode located on the side of the dielectric substrate 102, which is opposite to the side with the measuring electrodes 103, the shielding electrode having a surface with constant distances with the surface of the layer of the dielectric substrate with the measuring electrodes. In this case, the common electrode 322 is made in the form of electrically conductive side structures. Under the dielectric substrate with a shielding electrode, there are elements 323 of the electronic circuit of the electric capacitive converter. The shield electrode is connected by a conductor 324 to an electronic circuit.

The principle of operation of the shielding electrode is as follows. In the measurement technique, there is a known method for reducing the “parasitic” capacitance of the measuring circuit conductor by isolating the shielding conductor and connecting it to a voltage source disturbing the measuring circuit. In this case, the potential on the shielding conductor in phase changes with the potential in the conductor of the measuring circuit, as a result, the mutual capacitance decreases. In this case, using this method, the passive capacity of the measuring electrodes can be reduced. For this purpose, a shielding electrode 321 is introduced in the variant of the electric-capacitive converter. As a analog-to-digital converter, a converter based on the measurement of RC parameters can be used. In this case, the shielding electrode is connected to the output of the source of the disturbing RC-voltage circuit. The shielding electrode additionally implements the function of shielding the electrodes from interference from the side of the electronics unit and alignment of the electric field. The disturbing voltage is supplied to the electrode 321 through the conductor 324 from the circuit of the analog-to-digital Converter. With the introduction of the shielding electrode, for example, electrically conductive structures 328 of an electric capacitive converter can be used as a common electrode, which connect a capacitance-digital code to the common point of the analog-to-digital converter and common conductive layers of the circuit circuit board. The design of the shielding electrode has many options.

1.15 Dielectric substrate shape options

An electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region has many variations in the shape of the dielectric substrate.

General signs of the implementation of the dielectric substrate are given in the dependent claims of clauses 14 and 37. In accordance with these signs, the dielectric substrate is made in the form of a body bounded on two sides by two flat or two curved surfaces and having an almost constant thickness. Such a definition of the substrate allows that the substrate, in particular, can be made in the form of a plate, as well as in the form of a shell, which has a curved surface.

In an embodiment (claim 15 and claim 38. of the claims), the dielectric substrate is made in the form of a plate with a flat surface. A dielectric substrate in the form of a plate with a flat surface is used to explain the essence of the invention for almost all variants of the invention. Features of the electric capacitive converter using other forms of the dielectric substrate are given in versions 1.16 and 1.17.

In an embodiment (paragraph 16 and paragraph 39. of the claims), the dielectric substrate is made in the form of a plate with a curved surface in the form of a part of a cylinder. Features of the implementation of the appointment of an electric capacitive converter with a dielectric substrate in the form of a curved plate are described in version 1.16

The dielectric substrate can be made in the form of a shell (paragraph 17 or paragraph 40 of the claims). In this case, the measuring electrodes can be located both on the concave and on the convex surface of the shell.

In an embodiment of the invention (paragraph 18 and paragraph 41 of the claims), the surface of the shell has the form of a part of the surface of a sphere. Features of the implementation of the appointment of an electric capacitive converter with a dielectric substrate in the form of a shell having a spherical surface are given in version 1.17.

1.16 Variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with a dielectric substrate made in the form of a plate, the surface of which is curved

A variant of the electric capacitive converter corresponds to paragraph 16 and paragraph 39 of the claims. The embodiment is characterized in that the dielectric substrate is made in the form of a plate with a curved surface. For example, in the form of a surface of a cylinder or part thereof.

A variant may find application for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region for electrically conductive bodies, in which a two-dimensional region in the contact region is formed due to deformation of the electrically conductive body. In this case, the two-dimensional region takes the form of a curved surface of the dielectric substrate. In this case, for the arrangement of the electrodes, both a concave and a convex cylindrical surface can be selected. In practice, it is advisable to use a dielectric substrate, which is made as part of a hollow cylinder. Also, this option can be used when it is necessary to bend the dielectric substrate according to the type of opening or closing the book or fold it into a scroll.

A dielectric substrate with a cylindrical surface can be obtained by bending a substrate with a flat surface over the surface of the substrate with electrodes. The coordinate grid of the coordinate system of the measuring region of the substrate, the coordinate axes of which are connected with the surface of the dielectric substrate, does not deform with this bending of the surface. Therefore, with the bending of the surface of the substrate, the geometric shape, dimensions and arrangement of the shapes of the measuring electrodes do not change. Therefore, the features of the claims that determine the shape, size and relative position of the measuring electrodes do not change.

In dependences (1) and (3) between the electric capacitance and the area of the measuring electrodes, the formula for a flat capacitor is used, with plates having a flat surface. In the case of using a substrate with a cylindrical surface, it is necessary to apply the formula for a cylindrical capacitor. The general view of the dependencies between the capacitance and the area of the measuring electrodes (1) and (3) does not change, while the expression for calculating the coefficient K ₁ for the variant of the capacitive transducer for electrically conductive bodies has the form

Where:

ε ₀ is the dielectric constant;

ε ₁ is the relative dielectric constant of the material of the layer of the dielectric substrate insulating the measuring electrodes;

d ₁ - the thickness of the insulating measuring electrodes of the dielectric layer of the substrate;

R ₁ is the radius of the cylindrical surface on which the measuring electrodes of the dielectric substrate are located.

In the final formulas (15), (25) and (26) for calculating the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region, this coefficient is reduced, therefore, the execution of a dielectric substrate with a cylindrical surface does not affect the implementation of the main purpose of the electric capacitive converter in the corresponding field of application.

Due to the fact that the coordinate grid during bending does not change in the variant of the electric capacitive transducer, any surface obtained by bending the dielectric substrate can be used.

1.17 Variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with a dielectric substrate made in the form of a shell having a curved surface, for example, in the form of a part of the surface of a sphere

The option corresponds to paragraph 17, paragraph 18, paragraph 40 and paragraph 41 of the claims. The principle of operation of a variant of an electric capacitive converter is explained in the drawings of FIG. 26, FIG. 27, FIG. 28 and FIG. 29.

The essence of this embodiment of the invention lies in the fact that the groups of measuring electrodes and the measuring areas of the groups are strips with a relatively small width in relation to their length. If these strips pass along geodesic lines on a curved surface and along a tangent to the surface, the strips practically do not bend in the width direction. Therefore, strips with a high degree of accuracy can be considered flat in the width direction. In this case, the bending of the strips in the length direction does not deform the surface of the strips (see option 1.16). Therefore, features of the invention relating to the design of groups of measuring electrodes and measuring areas of the groups are applicable for this embodiment of the dielectric substrate.

Of practical interest are options for a curved surface having simple shapes, for example, the shape of a part of the surface of a sphere that has a surface with a constant radius of curvature.

In FIG. 26 shows the curved surface of the measuring region 326 of the dielectric substrate in the form of a spherical square. The number 327 indicates the surface of the sphere segment. The surface of the sphere has a radius of curvature r. The center of the radius of the surface of the spherical square is located at the zero point of the rectangular coordinate system X, Y, Z. Part of the boundary of the spherical square between points 1-2 is formed by the section of the sphere with the plane that passes through the X axis and is deflected by a given angle relative to the Y axis. Part of the boundary between points 3-4 formed by the same plane, but rotated at the opposite angle relative to the Z axis.

Similarly, using another plane passing through the Y axis, the boundaries of the spherical square between points 1-3 and 2-4 are determined. In FIG. 26 also shows the point n, which corresponds to the intersection of the sphere and two planes that are deflected by angles ϕ ₁ and ϕ ₂ relative to the Z axis.

In FIG. 28 shows a map projection of a spherical square 326 onto an X-Y plane. A feature of this projection is that the distances along the X and Y axes are not distorted. In FIG. 27 also shows a grid 328, obtained by rotating the planes at the same fixed angles. If the width of the spherical square is π / 2 radians, 6 spherical squares can be sewn together to form a full coverage of the entire sphere.

Each line of the shown grid is a geodesic line on the surface of a spherical square. Geodesic lines are analogues of straight lines on a curved surface. The stripes of the measuring areas of the groups of electrodes passing along the geodesic line are tangent to the surface. Due to the relatively small width of the strips, the measuring regions of the groups are practically not deformed by curving the surface of the sphere in the width direction, and these strips can be considered flat, with a surface curved in the length direction, as in version 1.16 of the electric capacitive transducer. In FIG. 27 shows one of a plurality of measurement areas 329 of electrode groups that extends along the geodetic line a-b.

It should be noted that the distances between the lines of the coordinate grid in the corners of a spherical square slightly decrease with approach to the corners, which creates an error in determining the geometric center. This error refers to the error of approximation of a curved surface by flat figures. The approximation error can be significantly reduced by reducing the size of the measuring region. For example, square 326 can be divided into four equal spherical squares 330, as shown in FIG. 28. Such a breakdown is obtained by rotating the axes of the coordinate system for each spherical square by an appropriate angle and reducing the size of the square. Each spherical square in this invention is considered as one measuring region from among a plurality of measuring regions, the boundaries of which are located practically without gaps to each other. For each measuring region 330, a corresponding local coordinate system 331 is determined, which, in this case, coincides with the coordinate system of a spherical square. An electric capacitive transducer for determining the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, as shown in the description of the invention, is able to determine the geometric center of a two-dimensional region based on the measurement data of the coordinates of the geometric centers in the plurality of measuring regions that make up the system.

In FIG. 29 shows a breakdown of the measuring region 326 into planes that have a relatively small amount of surface deformation (reminiscent of the planes of the skin from which the volleyball is sewn). In FIG. 29 shows a measurement region 332 of an electro-capacitive converter in the form of a strip, a local coordinate system 333 of the measurement region, and a measurement region 334 of an electrode group. In practice, a surface of any shape can be approximated using sets of shapes of different shapes and sizes. In order to approximate the surface, in addition to the squares, triangles, hexagons and other figures are used in different combinations, which are placed on the surface in the form of a mosaic. In some parts of the surface with a high degree of curvature, in order to reduce the approximation error, figures can be used for measuring areas with relatively small sizes. Moreover, the error in determining the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with a curved surface can be reduced to almost any given value.

Thus, the implementation of the designation of a variant of an electric capacitive converter using a dielectric substrate in the form of a shell having a curved surface is considered proven.

1.18 Variant of an electric capacitive converter, in which the dielectric substrate contains one or more layers

The option corresponds to paragraph 19 and paragraph 42 of the claims.

On separate layers of the dielectric sheath, measuring electrodes can be placed if necessary, their mutual intersection. Additionally, parts of the common electrode, a shielding electrode, protective, insulating layers and other layers can be placed.

1.19 A variant of an electric capacitive converter in which the dielectric substrate is capable of elastic deformation along the thickness of individual layers

The option corresponds to paragraph 20 and paragraph 43 of the claims.

The option can be used if it is necessary to determine the geometric center of the two-dimensional region for bodies, with the deformation of the layers of the plate or shell. The variant is based on the property of the electrode system to take into account the weights of sections of the two-dimensional region during layer deformation.

1.20 An electric capacitive transducer in which the dielectric substrate contains a deformable dielectric layer that is located over the layer with measuring electrodes and a stretch electrode that is located over the deformable layer

The option corresponds to paragraph 21 and paragraph 44 of the claims. The option is used in an electric capacitive transducer to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of dielectric and electrically conductive bodies (see option 1.9).

1.21 A variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, characterized in that the dielectric substrate and the electrodes located on it are made almost transparent

A variant of the electric capacitive converter corresponds to paragraph 22 and paragraph 45 of the claims.

The variant is characterized in that the insulating layer, the dielectric substrate and the electrodes are made almost transparent. In this embodiment, the dielectric substrate and the insulating layer, for example, can be made of glass, and the electrodes of indium oxide - tin.

The transparency of the electrodes can be ensured not only through the use of a practically transparent conductor. In an embodiment, the groups of measuring electrodes can be made of relatively small width from an opaque electrically conductive material and arranged at relatively large intervals relative to each other. The common electrode can be made of round conductors of small cross section, which are located at relatively large intervals of each other relative to each other and perpendicular to the groups of measuring electrodes. This embodiment of the electrodes provides their practical transparency.

1.22 Electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region

In an electro-capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region in the claims according to claim 1, structural features related to the system of measuring electrodes, the dielectric substrate and the common electrode can be eliminated and these features replaced with a functional feature. It is also possible to generalize the features of options in which the system of measuring electrodes of the measuring area is made using a different number of measuring parts.

An electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a generalization of options and a functional feature corresponds to paragraph 23 of the claims.

The electric capacitance converter has the following features of the claims.

An electric capacitance transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, comprising a dielectric substrate, a common electrode and measuring electrodes, the measuring electrodes being located on the dielectric substrate at the boundary of the measuring region and forming a system of measuring electrodes containing at least three measuring parts, measuring electrodes in each of which is electrically interconnected and connected to the corresponding output, while the system of measuring Together with the dielectric substrate and the common electrode, they realize the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region in the region of intersection of the two-dimensional region and the measuring region in the corresponding coordinate system, the conclusions of the measuring parts together with the output of the common electrode form the conclusions of the capacitive transducer, and the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region expressed as a system of values of the electrical capacitance of the electrodes measuring hours on the terminals of the measuring parts of the measuring region of the electric capacitive transducer.

The feature of the claims “measuring electrodes are located on a dielectric substrate at the boundary of the measuring region and form a system of measuring electrodes containing at least three measuring parts, the measuring electrodes in each of which are electrically connected to each other and connected to the corresponding terminal” combines the options of the capacitive transducer 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 and 2.3 in which there are three measuring parts, in variants 1.3, 2.2 - four measuring parts, in version 2.4 - six and eight measure flax parts. The measuring parts are characterized in that the measuring electrodes of each of the measuring parts are interconnected and connected to the corresponding output. However, there are no fundamental restrictions in increasing the number of measuring parts over eight, in one measuring area. It should be noted that an increase in the number of measuring parts over eight is irrational, because the number of conclusions increases.

The functional sign “the system of measuring electrodes together with the dielectric substrate and the common electrode realize the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region in the region of intersection of the two-dimensional region and the measuring region in the corresponding measuring region, the coordinate system of the measuring region” replaces the design features of the system of measuring electrodes, the dielectric substrate and the common electrode given in paragraph 1 of the claims of the electric capacitive transducer for about distribution of coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region. Such a replacement is permissible due to the fact that the implementation of the function given in the feature of the claims is proved.

1.23 Features of the implementation of the purpose of the electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the two-dimensional region obtained when the electrically conductive body approaches the surface of the measuring region

Analysis of the design of the electrode system of the electro-capacitive transducer shows that, in the general case, the system of measuring electrodes implements the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region, taking into account the weights of the sections of the two-dimensional region. The determination of the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using touch is a special case of a general method for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region when an electrically conductive body approaches the surface of the measuring region.

As shown in FIG. 30 and FIG. 31, in the event that the electrically conductive body 337 (the electrically conductive ball) approaches the surface of the measurement region 110, a two-dimensional region 338 of the approach of the electrically conductive body to the surface of the measurement region is formed on the surface of the measurement region. A two-dimensional approximation region 338 is formed in the region of thickening electric field lines 336 that extend between the surface of the common measurement region with the measuring electrodes and the ball. The maximum concentration of the lines of force is formed in places of the two-dimensional region, which are approximated by the minimum distance to the surface of the body. In FIG. 30 and FIG. 31, additionally, isolines 339 of the same electric field strength 336 and the geometric center 341 of the two-dimensional region are shown. The normal from the geometric center of the two-dimensional region when in contact with the surface of the electrically conductive body 337 forms a point that approximately corresponds to the geometric center of the part of the two-dimensional body surface facing the surface of the measuring region.

For mathematical calculations, the surface of the measuring region is conventionally divided into many square sections 340 of the same area. The size of the area of each section we choose such a smallness so that with a given accuracy we can take the weight of the points within the boundaries of the site the same over the entire surface of the site. Moreover, the weights of the sections are proportional to the electric capacitance of the corresponding sections of the measuring electrodes of the measuring region. In the field of field line condensation, where the surface of the ball is approximated to a minimum distance, the excess electric capacitance of the sections and their weights are maximum. Therefore, this part of the two-dimensional approximation region is dominant for finding the coordinates of the geometric center. On the other hand, in parts of the two-dimensional region that are remote from the surface of the ball, the excess capacity of the sections decreases, respectively, the weights of these sections decrease. Therefore, these parts do not have much effect on the coordinates of the geometric center and can be neglected. In this regard, we can conditionally limit the two-dimensional region of approximation.

In this embodiment of the invention, a value is used that is the reciprocal of the distance and is arbitrarily designated as an approximation. This value increases as you approach. In order to take into account the magnitude of the approach of the electrically conductive body to the surface areas of the measuring region with electrodes, we introduce weight coefficients for the surface areas.

Where:

- весовой коэффициент, учитывающий относительную величину приближения электропроводящего тела к участку поверхности двумерной области;

- weight coefficient, taking into account the relative magnitude of the proximity of the electrically conductive body to the surface area of the two-dimensional region;

- коэффициент пропорциональности между электрической емкостью участка

- proportionality coefficient between the electric capacity of the site

and the area of the electrodes of the plot of the two-dimensional region with the number i;

- коэффициент пропорциональности между средней электрической емкостью участков и средней площадью участков двумерной области.

- the proportionality coefficient between the average electric capacity of the sections and the average area of the sections of the two-dimensional region.

Where:

- величина избыточной электрической емкости электродов участка двумерной области с номером i;

- the value of the excess electric capacity of the electrodes of the plot of the two-dimensional region with number i;

- площадь электродов участка двумерной области с номером i;

- the area of the electrodes of the plot of the two-dimensional region with number i;

- среднеарифметическая величина избыточной электрической емкости электродов участков двумерной области;

- the arithmetic mean value of the excess electric capacitance of the electrodes of the sections of the two-dimensional region;

- среднеарифметическая величина площади электродов участков двумерной области;

- the arithmetic mean of the area of the electrodes of the sections of the two-dimensional region;

- обратная величина расстояния между участком двумерной области и поверхностью электропроводящего тела;

- the reciprocal of the distance between the plot of the two-dimensional region and the surface of the electrically conductive body;

- средняя величина обратной величины расстояния между участками поверхности двумерной области и поверхностью электропроводящего тела;

- the average reciprocal of the distance between the surface areas of the two-dimensional region and the surface of the electrically conductive body;

ε ₀ is the dielectric constant;

ε _B is the relative dielectric constant of air.

To determine the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region along the axes Y1 and Y2 with the introduction of weight coefficients, the following expressions are valid

Where:

G _Y1 - the coordinate value of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region along the Y1 ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the first set of measuring electrodes in the region of intersection of the two-dimensional region with the measuring region;

- величина координаты геометрического центра по оси ординат Y1 участка двумерной области под номером i;

- the value of the coordinate of the geometric center along the ordinate axis Y1 of the plot of the two-dimensional region under the number i;

- сумма избыточных емкостей электродов первой и второй измерительных частей первого множества электродов для участка с номером i;

- the sum of the excess capacitances of the electrodes of the first and second measuring parts of the first plurality of electrodes for the plot number i;

G _Y2 is the coordinate value of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region along the Y2 ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the second set in the region of intersection of the two-dimensional region with the measuring region;

- величина координаты геометрического центра по оси ординат Y2 участка двумерной области под номером i;

- the coordinate value of the geometric center along the ordinate axis Y2 of the plot of the two-dimensional region under the number i;

- сумма избыточных емкостей электродов первой и второй измерительных частей второго множества электродов для участка с номером i.

- the sum of the excess capacitances of the electrodes of the first and second measuring parts of the second set of electrodes for the plot number i.

сокращаются, сумма средних величин

по всей двумерной области заменена на равную этой сумме величину избыточной емкости суммы электродов первой и второй измерительной части соответствующего множества электродов, величина емкости участка

заменена на сумму избыточных емкостей электродов первой и второй измерительных частей соответствующего множества, в границах соответствующего участка с номером i.In the right parts of expressions (38) and (39), the area of the electrode areas

are reduced, the sum of the average values

over the entire two-dimensional region, the amount of excess capacitance of the sum of the electrodes of the first and second measuring parts of the corresponding set of electrodes equal to this sum has been replaced;

replaced by the sum of the excess capacitances of the electrodes of the first and second measuring parts of the corresponding set, within the boundaries of the corresponding section with the number i.

и

в соответствующие выражения (38) и (39) получим выражения для вычисления координат геометрического центра всей двумерной области, идентичные выражениям (25) и (26). Поэтому введение весовых коэффициентов не меняет вид формул (25) и (26) для вычислений координат геометрического центра. Выражения (25) и (26) используется для вычисления координат геометрических центров двумерной области для всех систем электродов в рамках данного изобретения. Поэтому, в случае введения весовых коэффициентов

для вычисления координат геометрического центра двумерной области, вид формул для вычисления координат геометрических центров для всех вариантов электроемкостного преобразователя не меняется. В связи этим, электроемкостный преобразователь в общем случае выполняет функцию определения координат геометрического центра двумерной области с учетом весовых коэффициентов участков двумерной области, которые приблизительно пропорциональны относительной величине приближения электропроводящего тела к поверхности измерительной области. При этом весовые коэффициенты имеют величину больше единицы в границе двумерной области, которая в наибольшей степени приближена к поверхности электропроводящего тела и меньше единицы в части двумерной области с наименьшим приближением. В случае если для всех участков двумерной области соблюдается равенство

весовой коэффициент равен 1.After substituting the right-hand sides of expressions (25) and (26) for the coordinates of the geometric center for the section of the two-dimensional region under number i instead

and

into the corresponding expressions (38) and (39) we obtain expressions for calculating the coordinates of the geometric center of the entire two-dimensional region, identical to expressions (25) and (26). Therefore, the introduction of weighting coefficients does not change the form of formulas (25) and (26) for calculating the coordinates of the geometric center. Expressions (25) and (26) are used to calculate the coordinates of the geometric centers of the two-dimensional region for all electrode systems in the framework of this invention. Therefore, in the case of the introduction of weights

to calculate the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, the form of the formulas for calculating the coordinates of geometric centers for all options of the electric capacitive transducer does not change. In this regard, the electro-capacitive transducer generally performs the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region, taking into account the weight coefficients of the sections of the two-dimensional region, which are approximately proportional to the relative magnitude of the approximation of the conductive body to the surface of the measuring region. In this case, the weighting coefficients are greater than unity at the boundary of the two-dimensional region, which is closest to the surface of the electrically conductive body and less than unity in the part of the two-dimensional region with the smallest approximation. If for all sections of the two-dimensional region the equality

weighting factor equal to 1.

2. An electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a variety of measuring regions

An electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a plurality of measuring regions corresponds to paragraph 24 of the claims. Embodiments of the electrical capacitive converter are shown in FIG. 32-41.

The purpose of the electric capacitive transducer is to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region and to provide the possibility of determining the geometric centers of several two-dimensional regions.

The electric capacitive converter has the following features of the invention.

An electric capacitance converter for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a plurality of measuring regions, comprising a dielectric substrate, a common electrode and a plurality of measuring regions located on the dielectric substrate. The shape, size and location of the measuring areas are specified. The measuring regions are arranged at predetermined intervals relative to each other at the boundary of the common measuring region of the dielectric substrate. Each of the measuring regions contains measuring electrodes that are located on the dielectric substrate at the boundary of the corresponding measuring region and form a system of measuring electrodes of the measuring region. The system of measuring electrodes of the measuring region contains two sets of measuring electrodes. The measuring electrodes of each of the sets form the first and second measuring parts corresponding to the set. In each of the measuring areas, the shape, size and location of the measuring electrodes of the first and second sets are determined in separate coordinate systems corresponding to the sets, and the ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the first set is located at a predetermined non-zero angle to the ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the second set. For any single first or second set of measuring regions, the measuring electrodes are divided into uniform groups of electrodes corresponding to the set, while the groups of measuring electrodes are arranged on a dielectric substrate at uniform intervals along the abscissa axis. Each of the groups contains a part of the first and second measuring parts corresponding to the plurality of measuring electrodes, in each of the groups of many, the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part are made in the form of geometric figures, the total width of which along the direction of the abscissa axis as a function of distance along the direction of the ordinate axis varies the electrodes of the second measuring part are made in the form of geometric figures, complementing the geometric figures of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part before the formation of a constant total width along the abscissa axis as a function of distance along the ordinate axis. The measuring electrodes of the groups are made and arranged in such a way that in any section of the measuring electrodes of the groups parallel to the abscissa, the difference between the total width of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part and the total width of the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part, calculated within one full group and one section, is constant in this section for other complete groups, in any section of the measuring electrodes of groups parallel to the abscissa axis, the line calculated within one full group and one section, the total width of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts is a constant value in this section for other full groups, and the full groups have the full composition of the measuring electrodes in cross section. For each measuring part of the measuring region, the measuring electrodes are interconnected and connected to the corresponding electrical terminal in accordance with the connection diagram of the measuring electrodes and the terminal connections. The conclusions of the measuring parts of the measuring areas, together with the output of the common electrode form the conclusions of the capacitive transducer. The values of the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region or the geometric centers of several two-dimensional regions are expressed as a system of values of the electric capacitances of the electrodes of the measuring parts at the terminals of the measuring regions of the electric capacitance converter.

In accordance with the invention, the individual measuring areas may be of arbitrary shape. The measuring regions are arranged at predetermined intervals relative to each other at the boundary of the common measuring region of the dielectric substrate. This arrangement resembles the location of the measuring areas in the form of mosaic elements. The specified gaps between the measuring areas are necessary for the placement of the connecting conductors. With gaps, there is an error in determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region, which refers to the error of the piecewise constant approximation of the boundary of the measuring region, so the width of the gaps must be chosen as small as possible. The gaps between the measuring regions may have a constant width, for example, in order to increase the symmetry of the arrangement of the measuring regions.

A variant is possible in which the connecting conductors and terminals are placed inside the measuring areas of the groups of measuring electrodes. In this case, the boundaries of the measuring regions are spaced at intervals of almost zero magnitude. The option corresponds to paragraph 30 of the claims.

Connecting conductors located in the gaps between the measuring regions of the groups of measuring electrodes or in the space of the measuring regions of the groups can also be a source of error. This error can be reduced by various methods. For example, by placing additional compensation conductors in between.

An electro-capacitive transducer using a plurality of measuring areas has the following advantages in comparison with an electro-capacitive transducer with a single measuring region.

An electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with one measuring region, in the case of determining the coordinates of the geometric center for a relatively small two-dimensional region, has a relatively large error in determining the coordinates. The error is due to the large value of the passive electric capacitance of the measuring electrodes of the measuring region, which shunts the excess capacitance from the body. Additionally, the use of electrodes distributed over the entire measuring region of the dielectric substrate reduces the conversion sensitivity, since To determine the geometric center, it is necessary to use a coordinate system common to the entire dielectric substrate. In this regard, the temperature stability and accuracy of determining the coordinates of the geometric center are reduced. This disadvantage in this type of electric capacitive transducer is virtually eliminated due to the location on the dielectric substrate of many measuring areas. Moreover, for each two-dimensional region, it is possible to determine the geometric center using a group of measuring regions. In this case, electrodes with a minimum area are used, which reduces the value of their passive capacitance. Due to the fact that for each measuring area its own local coordinate system is used, in these areas it is possible to perform a system of electrodes with increased conversion sensitivity. In this case, high accuracy will be preserved when determining the coordinates of a two-dimensional region using a group of measuring regions. The use of many measuring areas significantly increases the accuracy of determining the geometric center of the two-dimensional region when the measuring electrodes are located on the curved surface of the dielectric substrate, because many measuring areas, each of which is relatively small, more accurately takes into account the relief details of the two-dimensional region.

In option 2.1, an electric capacitive converter is described, the measuring region of which contains three measuring parts and, accordingly, three electrical terminals. In versions 2.2 and 2.3, examples of the implementation of an electric capacitive transducer with measuring areas in the form of rectangles and hexagons are given. In option 2.4, measuring regions are used, which are located on two surfaces of the layers of the dielectric substrate in the form of rows and columns.

In order to ensure use in different application conditions, the electric capacitive converter of this variety can be made in several versions, differing in the design of the dielectric substrate and the common electrode in versions 1.8-1.21. The essence of several such options is described below.

2.1 A variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a plurality of measuring regions, with three leads from a system of measuring electrodes of the measuring region containing three measuring parts

The option corresponds to paragraph 26 of the claims and is characterized by the following features.

An electric capacitance converter, characterized in that in the electrode system of the measuring region consisting of four measuring parts, the measuring electrodes of any two measuring parts of different sets are electrically interconnected or any one measuring part is excluded, forming a new system consisting of three measuring parts, in each of the measuring parts of which the measuring electrodes are interconnected and have a corresponding electrical output from the measuring electrodes of the measuring part ty.

This system of measuring electrodes is obtained using variants of the connection schemes of the measuring electrodes and connecting the leads described in options 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 and the corresponding paragraphs of paragraph 5, paragraph 6 and paragraph 7 of the claims.

2.2 Variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a variety of measuring regions in the form of rectangles

A variant of the electric capacitive converter corresponds to paragraph 27 of the claims. In FIG. 32 shows the location of the measuring areas and their conclusions. In FIG. 33 shows a system of measuring electrodes, a diagram of their connections and connections for a single measuring area.

An embodiment has the following features of the invention.

An electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a plurality of measuring regions, characterized in that the measuring regions are made in the form of geometric figures of rectangles that are located on the dielectric substrate in the form of a regular structure of rows and columns, and in each measuring region the measuring electrodes are arranged so that the origin of the local coordinate system of the measuring region coincides with its geometric center th.

An embodiment of the electric capacitance converter 401 comprises a dielectric substrate 402 on which a plurality of measurement regions 410 are arranged in the form of geometric shapes of rectangles. The measurement regions are located on the dielectric substrate at predetermined intervals relative to each other, at the boundary of the common measurement region of the dielectric substrate 404.

In this embodiment of the electric capacitive transducer, a system of measuring electrodes with four leads from the measuring region is used, which is described in version 1.3 of the section “Summary of the Invention”.

In each measuring region, the measuring electrodes are arranged so that the origin of the local coordinate system of the measuring region coincides with its geometric center. Combining the origin of the coordinate system of the measuring region with the geometric center of the measuring region can be accomplished by the appropriate arrangement of the sets of measuring electrodes relative to the measuring region and relative to each other. In FIG. 33 local coordinate systems of the first and second sets of measuring electrodes are indicated by the numbers 416 and 417, respectively. The local coordinate system of the measuring region is indicated by the number 408.

The measuring electrodes and their terminals are located on one surface of the dielectric substrate layer 402. The electrode connection diagram can be applied to any number of electrodes without crossing the electrodes and terminals, with a maximum number of conductors 409 running along one side of the rectangle equal to three. The terminals of the electrode system of each measurement region in FIG. 32 and FIG. 33 are shown as group lines 406, consisting of four conductors, which are combined near the upper and lower boundaries of the dielectric substrate into common group lines. Common group lines are designed to connect the terminals of the electric capacitive converter, through the conductors of loops 407, to the microcontroller or to another end device.

The values of the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region or the geometric centers of several two-dimensional regions are expressed as a system of values of the electric capacitances of the electrodes of the measuring parts at the terminals of the measuring regions of the electric capacitance converter.

The principle of operation of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a variety of measuring regions is as follows.

To determine the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region, a body is placed on the surface of the common measuring region of the dielectric substrate, which forms a two-dimensional contact region with the surface. For each measuring region, based on the measurement of capacitances of the measuring parts of the electrodes, geometric centers are determined at the intersection of the two-dimensional region and the measuring region, in a coordinate system local to the measuring region. Then, to calculate the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region, the coordinates of the geometric centers of intersection of the measuring regions with the two-dimensional region are transferred to the general coordinate system of the general measuring region and the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region in this coordinate system are calculated based on the following formulas.

Where:

G _Y - the coordinate value along the Y axis of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region of the body in the coordinate system of the common measuring region;

- величина координаты по оси Y геометрического центра области пересечения двумерной области тела с измерительной областью с номером i в системе координат общей измерительной области;

- the coordinate value along the Y axis of the geometric center of the intersection of the two-dimensional region of the body with the measuring region with number i in the coordinate system of the common measuring region;

- площадь электродов измерительной области с номером i, в той части, где измерительная область пересекается с двумерной областью тела;

- the area of the electrodes of the measuring region with number i, in the part where the measuring region intersects with the two-dimensional region of the body;

-суммарная величина избыточной электрической емкости электродов измерительных частей измерительной области с номером i;

- the total value of the excess electric capacitance of the electrodes of the measuring parts of the measuring region with number i;

G _X is the coordinate value along the X axis of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region of the body in the coordinate system of the common measuring region;

- величина координаты по оси X геометрического центра области пересечения двумерной области тела с измерительной областью с номером i.

- the value of the coordinate along the X axis of the geometric center of the intersection of the two-dimensional region of the body with the measuring region with number i.

емкости суммарной величины избыточной электрической емкости электродов измерительных частей измерительной области с номером i связано с величиной площади

пересечения электродов каждой измерительной области с двумерной областью тела выражением, аналогичным выражению (1) или (3)Value

capacity of the total value of the excess electric capacity of the electrodes of the measuring parts of the measuring region with number i is associated with the size of the area

the intersection of the electrodes of each measuring region with a two-dimensional region of the body by an expression similar to the expression (1) or (3)

Where:

To ₁ - the coefficient of proportionality between the electric capacitance and the area of the electrodes.

равнаFor a system of electrodes in the measuring area consisting of four measuring parts, the value

is equal to

Where:

- величины сумм электрических емкостей измерительных электродов первой и второй измерительной частей первого множества соответственно, для измерительной области с номером i;

- the sums of the electric capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts of the first set, respectively, for the measuring region with number i;

- величины сумм электрических емкостей измерительных электродов первой и второй измерительной частей второго множества соответственно, для измерительной области с номером i;

- the sums of the electric capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts of the second set, respectively, for the measuring region with number i;

- величины сумм электрических емкостей измерительных электродов первой и второй измерительной части соответственно, первого множества в отсутствие тела, для измерительной области с номером i;

- the sums of the electric capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring part, respectively, of the first set in the absence of a body, for the measuring region with number i;

- величины сумм электрических емкостей измерительных электродов первой и второй измерительной части соответственно, второго множества в отсутствие тела, для измерительной области с номером i.

- the values of the sums of the electric capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts, respectively, of the second set in the absence of a body, for the measuring region with number i.

The proportionality coefficient K ₁ between the electric capacitance and the area of the electrodes can be found by the formula (2) for a flat dielectric substrate, or by the formula (34) for a dielectric substrate bent in the form of a cylinder part. When calculating the geometric center using formulas (40) and (41), this coefficient K _{1 is} reduced, therefore, the use of dielectric substrate options does not affect the implementation of the purpose of the electric capacitive converter. Due to the fact that the groups of measuring electrodes that make up the measuring part of the measuring region have a constant width and contain a predetermined number of uniform measuring groups of electrodes located within the boundaries of the measuring regions of the electrode groups, the area of the measuring region is proportional to the area of the measuring electrodes of the measuring region. In expressions (40) and (41), the proportionality coefficient is also reduced. Therefore, in formulas (40) and (41), the area of the electrodes of the measuring region in the region of their intersection with the measuring region is used, instead of the surface area of the measuring region in the region of intersection of the measuring region with the two-dimensional region.

To determine the geometric center of one two-dimensional region, the geometric center can be calculated by finding the sums in the numerator and denominator in expressions (40) and (41) over all measuring regions of the total measuring region of the dielectric substrate. At the same time, such summation for a small two-dimensional region leads to an error due to the large value of the passive capacitance of the electrodes.

The value of this capacity can be reduced in the following way.

суммарной избыточной емкости измерительных частей электродов измерительной области находят измерительные области с величиной избыточной емкости больше заданной пороговой величины. Эти измерительные области считают полностью или частично покрытыми двумерной областью тела. Из числа этих областей выделяют группу измерительных областей, связанных между собой границами. Затем, вычисляют координаты общего геометрического центра двумерной области для связанных измерительных областей по формулам (40), (41) с включением в суммы только измерительных областей входящих в группу измерительных областей.Based on value information

the total excess capacity of the measuring parts of the electrodes of the measuring region find the measuring region with a value of excess capacity greater than a predetermined threshold value. These measurement regions are considered fully or partially covered by the two-dimensional region of the body. Among these areas, a group of measuring areas is identified that are interconnected by boundaries. Then, the coordinates of the common geometric center of the two-dimensional region for the connected measuring regions are calculated by formulas (40), (41) with the inclusion of only the measuring regions included in the group of measuring regions.

To determine the geometric centers of two-dimensional regions of several bodies, the bodies are placed on the measuring surface of the dielectric substrate at intervals. The width of the gaps is chosen more than the maximum dimensions of the measuring areas. In this case, it is possible to distinguish several groups of measuring regions that cover two-dimensional regions of different bodies. For these groups, using expressions (40), (41), the geometric centers of the two-dimensional regions are determined separately. Based on the coordinates of the geometric centers of the individual measuring regions of each group, the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region are determined.

The separation of the measuring regions into groups can be performed by finding the boundaries of the groups of measuring regions in closed chains of measuring regions surrounding the groups of measuring regions whose excess capacity is below a given threshold.

An algorithm is possible for calculating the geometric centers of two-dimensional regions of several bodies having two-dimensional regions in the form of circles of approximately the same size, which can be located on the measuring surface of the dielectric substrate without gaps relative to each other. This algorithm consists in the fact that using information about the position of the geometric centers of all two-dimensional regions, a two-dimensional spline of excess capacity is constructed from the measuring surface of the dielectric substrate, maximum points are determined, which, in a first approximation, are considered the centers of two-dimensional regions. Then, the measuring regions lying in the spline hollows, taking into account that the shape of the two-dimensional regions of the bodies, as well as the shape and arrangement of the measuring regions are known, are conditionally divided into parts for which geometric centers are calculated separately. Given the coordinates of the geometric centers of the parts of the divided areas and the areas of these parts, find the geometric centers of two-dimensional areas.

Based on this, the implementation of the purpose of the electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region having a plurality of measuring regions is considered proven.

2.3 Variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a variety of measuring regions in the form of hexagons

A variant of the electric capacitive converter corresponds to paragraph 28 of the claims. In FIG. 34 shows the location of the measuring areas and their conclusions. In FIG. 35 shows a system of measuring electrodes and a diagram of the connections and connections of electrodes for a single measuring region.

An embodiment has the following features of the claims.

An electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a plurality of measuring regions, characterized in that the measuring regions are made in the form of geometric figures of regular hexagons and are arranged in the form of a regular structure of rows and columns, and in each measuring region the measuring electrodes are arranged so that the origin of the local coordinate system of the measuring region coincides with its geometric center.

Option 2.3 differs from option 2.2 in that the measuring areas are made in the form of geometric figures of regular hexagons and are arranged in the form of a regular structure of rows and columns. In addition to this, the variant used an electrode system with three leads from the measuring parts according to version 1.4. The principle of operation of a variant of an electric capacitive converter is similar to version 2.2.

Compared to option 2.2, this option uses a system of measuring electrodes with three leads from the measuring parts, which reduces the number of leads from the measuring areas, which allows to reduce the gaps between the measuring areas, to reduce the number of conductors in the loops and the number of conversion channels "capacity - digital code ”in the microcontroller.

2.4 Variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a plurality of measuring regions located on two surfaces of the layers of the dielectric substrate in the form of a matrix

A variant of the electric capacitive converter corresponds to paragraph 29 of the claims. In FIG. 36 shows the arrangement of the measuring regions on the dielectric substrate. In FIG. 37 and FIG. 38 shows the location of the measuring electrodes of the measuring areas of rows and columns, with diagrams of the connections and connections of the electrodes.

A variant of an electric capacitive converter is characterized by the following features of the invention.

An electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a plurality of measuring regions, characterized in that the measuring regions are located on two surfaces of the layers of the dielectric substrate, and the measuring regions located on the same surface of the dielectric substrate layer are made in the form of geometric figures of rectangles forming the rows, and on the other surface of the dielectric substrate are made in the form of rectangles forming a column . At the same time, in the intersection region of the measuring regions of rows and columns, the sides of the electrode groups of the measuring regions of rows and columns are located almost parallel to each other and alternating, so that in the view on the surface of the dielectric substrate they do not intersect each other, and in each measuring region the measuring electrodes arranged so that the origin of the local coordinate system of the measuring region coincides with the geometric center of the measuring region.

The coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region or the geometric centers of several two-dimensional regions are expressed as a system of values of the electric capacitances of the electrodes of the measuring parts at the terminals of the measuring regions of rows and columns.

The groups of electrodes of the measuring regions of rows and columns are located on different surfaces of the alternating layers and do not intersect each other. In this connection, the measuring electrodes of the measuring areas in a plan view onto the surface of the dielectric substrate do not obscure each other. Therefore, the measuring areas located on one surface of the dielectric substrate layer can be considered as a variant of the system of measuring areas of the electric capacitive transducer described in option 2.2.

When determining the coordinates of a two-dimensional region, both measuring regions of columns and measuring regions of rows taken separately can be used. In this case, in the case of determining the geometric center using the measuring areas of rows and columns, the accuracy of determining the geometric center increases to a level of accuracy comparable to the accuracy for a variant, for example, 2.2, with non-intersecting measuring areas. The increase in accuracy is due to the fact that in the local coordinate system of a column or row, along the direction of the column width or row width, the conversion sensitivity can be increased to a value comparable to the sensitivity of a separate relatively small measuring region, and when calculating the coordinates of the geometric center, information on the position of the geometric center along the coordinate axes with the greatest sensitivity should be used.

The ability to determine the geometric centers of two-dimensional regions, using both rows and columns, expands the degrees of freedom for the separate determination of the geometric centers of two-dimensional regions, which increases the number of two-dimensional regions for which the capacitive transducer can individually determine geometric centers. For example, in the case of the intersection of two or more two-dimensional regions with the measuring region of one column, the electrode system of this column will determine only the common geometric center of the parts of these two-dimensional regions. At the same time, it is possible to independently determine the geometric centers of these regions individually using the measuring regions of the rows.

In the practice of the invention, the number of rows and columns may be arbitrary, for example, as shown in FIG. 41, where the measuring region of the dielectric substrate contains eight row regions and eight columns. The axes of the coordinate system are shown only for the measuring areas of the extreme rows and columns. The location of the axes of the coordinate systems of other rows and columns is similar.

In FIG. 39 and FIG. 40 shows an embodiment of an electric capacitive transducer with three leads from each measurement region. In FIG. 39 shows the location of the measuring electrodes of the measuring areas of the rows, in FIG. 40 shows the location of the measuring electrodes of the measuring areas of the columns, with diagrams of the connections and connections of the electrodes.

In the variant of the electric capacitive converter, a system of measuring electrodes of the measuring region with three leads was used, according to version 1.4. The advantage of the option is to reduce the total number of conclusions from the measuring areas and reducing the width of the gaps between the measuring areas.

2.5. An embodiment of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a plurality of measuring regions, in which the gaps between the measuring regions are set to zero

The variant of the electro-capacitive transducer corresponds to paragraph 30. The variant is characterized in that the gaps between the measuring areas are set to zero, while the connecting conductors for connecting the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts and the terminals of the measuring parts are located within the boundaries of the measuring areas of the groups of measuring electrodes.

2.6 Variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a variety of measuring regions with output signals in the form of a digital code

A variant of the electric capacitive converter corresponds to paragraph 31 of the claims. The embodiment is shown in FIG. 41.

In this embodiment, the electric capacitive converter is additionally equipped with a microcontroller containing a multi-channel analog-to-digital converter "electric capacity is a digital code", a memory unit and a processor. Moreover, the conclusions of the measuring areas of the capacitive converter are connected to the corresponding channel inputs of the analog-to-digital converter, the output of the common electrode is connected to the corresponding input of the microcontroller, the output of the analog-to-digital converter is connected to the processor input. The signals of electric capacitors in the form of a digital code from the output of the analog-to-digital converter are fed to the input of the microcontroller processor, the processor implements the calculation of the coordinates of the geometric center of one two-dimensional region or the calculation of the coordinates of the geometric centers of two-dimensional regions of several bodies, and also generates output coordinate signals expressed as a digital code at the output of the microcontroller.

2.7 An electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a variety of measuring regions

An electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a plurality of measuring regions differs from an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of a geometric center using a single measuring region in that a plurality of measuring regions with measuring electrodes are used in this transducer. The claims of an electric capacitive transducer for each of the measuring areas include all the relevant features for a single measuring region, described in a variant of the electric capacitive transducer with one measuring region. Therefore, in the claims it is possible to exclude structural features related to the measuring area, replace these features with a functional feature, the implementation of which has been proven.

An electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a plurality of measuring regions with the introduction of a functional feature corresponds to paragraph 46 of the claims. The electric capacitance converter has the following features of the claims.

An electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a plurality of measuring regions, comprising a dielectric substrate, a common electrode and a plurality of measuring regions with measuring electrodes, the shape, size and location of the measuring regions are defined, the measuring regions are arranged at predetermined intervals relative to each other at the boundary of the common measuring region of the dielectric substrate. Each of the measuring regions contains measuring electrodes that are located on a dielectric substrate at the boundary of the corresponding measuring region and form a system of electrodes of the measuring region, containing at least three measuring parts. The measuring electrodes in each of the measuring parts are electrically connected to each other and connected to the corresponding output. In this case, the system of measuring electrodes of each measuring region, together with the dielectric substrate and the common electrode, implements the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region at the intersection of the two-dimensional region and the measuring region, in the corresponding coordinate system of the measuring region for each measuring region. The conclusions of the measuring parts of the measuring areas together with the output of the common electrode form the conclusions of the electric capacitive transducer, the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region or the coordinates of the geometric centers of several two-dimensional regions are expressed as a system of values of the electric capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts at the terminals of the measuring parts of the measuring regions of the electric capacitive transducer.

2.8 Features of the implementation of the purpose of the electro-capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the two-dimensional region obtained when the electrically conductive body approaches the surface of the common measuring region, for the electro-capacitive transducer with many measuring regions

To calculate the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional approximation region, one can use expressions with the introduction of weighting coefficients for each measuring region, by analogy with expressions (35), (36), (37). In order to take into account the magnitude of the approach of the electrically conductive body to the surface of the common measuring region with the electrodes, we introduce the following weighting factors for the group of measuring regions that make up the two-dimensional approximation region.

Where:

- весовой коэффициент, учитывающий относительную величину приближения электропроводящего тела к поверхности измерительной области, для измерительной области с номером i;

- weight coefficient, taking into account the relative magnitude of the proximity of the conductive body to the surface of the measuring region, for the measuring region with number i;

- коэффициент пропорциональности между электрической емкостью электродов измерительной области и площадью измерительной области под номером i;

- the coefficient of proportionality between the electrical capacitance of the electrodes of the measuring region and the area of the measuring region under number i;

- коэффициент пропорциональности между средней избыточной электрической емкостью электродов группы измерительных областей и средней площадью электродов группы измерительных областей.

- the proportionality coefficient between the average excess electric capacity of the electrodes of the group of measuring areas and the average area of the electrodes of the group of measuring areas.

Where:

- величина избыточной электрической емкости электродов двумерной области с номером i;

- the value of the excess electric capacitance of the electrodes of the two-dimensional region with number i;

- площадь электродов измерительной области с номером i;

- the area of the electrodes of the measuring region with number i;

- среднеарифметическая величина избыточных электрических емкостей электродов группы измерительных областей;

- the arithmetic mean value of the excess electric capacitance of the electrodes of the group of measuring areas;

- среднеарифметическая величина площадей электродов группы измерительных областей;

- the arithmetic mean of the area of the electrodes of the group of measuring areas;

- средняя величина обратной величины расстояния между поверхностью двумерной измерительной области с номером i, входящей в группу измерительных областей, и поверхностью электропроводящего тела;

- the average value of the reciprocal of the distance between the surface of the two-dimensional measuring region with number i, which is part of the group of measuring regions, and the surface of the electrically conductive body;

- средняя величина обратной величины расстояния между поверхностью группы измерительных областей и поверхностью электропроводящего тела;

- the average value of the reciprocal of the distance between the surface of the group of measuring regions and the surface of the electrically conductive body;

ε ₀ is the dielectric constant;

ε _B is the relative dielectric constant of air.

To determine the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region along the Y and X axes, we use the following expressions

Where:

G _Y is the coordinate along the X axis of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region of the approximation of the conductive body to the surface of the common measuring region of the capacitive transducer.

G _X is the coordinate along the X axis of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region of the approximation of the conductive body to the surface of the common measuring region of the capacitive transducer.

определенных в соответствии с выражениями (44), (45) и (46), в правых частях выражений (47) и (48) площади

сокращаются. При этом правые части выражений (47) и (48) и выражений (40) и (41), в которых координаты геометрического цента выражены через емкости измерительных электродов, получаются соответственно одинаковыми.As a result of the substitution of weights

defined in accordance with expressions (44), (45) and (46) in the right-hand sides of expressions (47) and (48)

are declining. In this case, the right-hand sides of expressions (47) and (48) and expressions (40) and (41), in which the coordinates of the geometric cent are expressed through the capacitances of the measuring electrodes, are correspondingly the same.

In contrast to expressions (40) and (41) intended for the case of calculating the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region when the electrically conductive body touches the surface of the measuring region, expressions (47) and (48) use the total area of the measuring regions included in the group of measuring regions, which forms two-dimensional region. In this case, weight coefficients are introduced for each measuring region, which take into account the ratio between the electric capacitance and the area of the measuring region, both in the case of approaching and in the case of contact of the electrically conductive body with the surface of the measuring region of the electric capacitive transducer.

In this regard, the system of electrodes of the electro-capacitive transducer using a variety of measuring regions implements the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of one or more two-dimensional regions, taking into account the weight coefficients, which take into account the approximation of parts of the surface of the electroconductive body to the surface of the general measuring region of the electro-capacitive transducer. As a result, with the help of an electric capacitive transducer, the coordinates of one or several geometric centers of two-dimensional regions formed using contacts and approximations of electrically conductive bodies are realized.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 - electro-capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region. In FIG. 1 shows a side view of a dielectric substrate. The figure shows the construction of a dielectric substrate in the form of a flat plate, an insulating layer, measuring electrodes and a common electrode. In FIG. 2 shows a front view of the dielectric substrate from the side of the measuring electrodes. The shape and location of the measuring electrodes, the location of the measuring region, as well as the local coordinate systems of the sets of measuring electrodes and the coordinate system of the measuring region of the capacitive transducer are shown.

FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 - drawings for explaining the principle of operation of a variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region for bodies of electrically conductive material. In FIG. 3 shows an electric capacitive transducer with an electrically conductive body located on the surface of the measuring region. The drawing in FIG. 4 is intended to explain the mathematical calculations, to prove the implementation of the purpose of the electric capacitive transducer to determine the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region.

FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 - drawings of the design of the measuring electrodes in the form of inclined trapezoids, with trimming and elongation of the trapezoid at the border of a given measuring region on a dielectric substrate, to explain the design of the measuring electrodes.

FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 is a drawing for explaining the construction of the measuring electrodes of an electric capacitive converter variant for determining coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with four leads from the measuring electrode system. In FIG. 7 shows the shape and arrangement of the measuring electrodes of the first and second sets separately. In FIG. Figure 8 shows the same measuring electrodes in a combined form with alternating groups as they are located on a dielectric substrate.

FIG. 9 - electrical capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with four leads from the measuring parts with a circuit for connecting electrodes and connecting leads.

FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 is a drawing for explaining the construction of the measuring electrodes of an electric capacitive transducer embodiment for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with three leads from the system of measuring electrodes and connecting the electrodes of one of the measuring parts of the first set and one opposite measuring part of the second set of measuring electrodes. In FIG. 10 shows the measuring electrodes in combined form with the alternation of groups, as they are located on the dielectric substrate. In FIG. 11 shows the measuring electrodes, taking into account trimming and elongation to the boundary of the measuring region, a diagram of the connections of the electrodes and the connection leads.

FIG. 12, FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 is a drawing for explaining the construction of the measuring electrodes of the electric capacitance converter variant for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with three leads from the measuring electrode system and connecting the measuring electrodes of one of the measuring parts of the first set and one measuring part of the second set of measuring electrodes. In FIG. 12 shows the shape and arrangement of the measuring electrodes of the first and second sets separately. In FIG. 13 shows the same measuring electrodes in combined form with alternating groups as they are located on a dielectric substrate. In FIG. Figure 14 shows the measuring electrodes, taking into account trimming and elongation to the boundary of the measuring region, a diagram of the connections of the electrodes and the connection leads.

FIG. 15, FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 is an embodiment of an electric capacitive transducer for determining coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with three leads from a system of measuring electrodes and disconnecting one of the measuring parts of one of the plurality of electrodes. In FIG. 15 shows the shape and arrangement of the measuring electrodes of the first and second sets separately. In FIG. 16 shows the same measuring electrodes in combined form with alternating groups as they are located on a dielectric substrate. In FIG. Figure 17 shows the measuring electrodes taking into account trimming and elongation to the boundary of the measuring region, a diagram of the connections of the electrodes and the connections of the terminals.

FIG. 18 - the figure shows a variant of an electric capacitive converter with a microcontroller for generating output signals of coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region in the form of a digital code.

FIG. 19 and FIG. 20 is an embodiment for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region for a plane body of homogeneous dielectric material. In FIG. 19 shows the design of the dielectric substrate and the common electrode. In FIG. 20 further shows a planar body of uniform dielectric material to explain the principle of operation.

FIG. 21 and FIG. 22 - an option for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region for electrically conductive or dielectric bodies, with a deformable dielectric layer of the substrate. In FIG. 21 shows the construction of a dielectric substrate, a deformable dielectric layer, and a stretch electrode. In FIG. 22 further shows a solid body for explaining the principle of operation.

FIG. 23 is an embodiment of a dielectric substrate with an insulating dielectric layer.

FIG. 24 is an embodiment of a dielectric substrate with electrodes disposed on two layers of a dielectric substrate.

FIG. 25 is an embodiment of an electric capacitive converter with a shielding electrode.

FIG. 26, FIG. 27, FIG. 28 and FIG. 29 - the figures show the features of the measuring region with a curved surface, to explain the principle of operation of the variant of the electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region with a dielectric substrate made in the form of a shell having the surface of a part of the surface of the sphere.

FIG. 30 and FIG. 31 - figures are intended to explain the implementation of the purpose of the electric capacitive transducer to determine the coordinates of the two-dimensional region obtained when the electrically conductive body approaches the surface of the measuring region of the electric capacitive transducer. In FIG. 30 shows an electro-capacitive transducer and an electrically conductive body that is close to the measuring region of the electro-capacitive transducer but does not touch this surface. In FIG. 31 shows a two-dimensional region formed by approaching a measuring region of an electrically conductive body.

FIG. 32 and FIG. 33 is an embodiment of an electric capacitive transducer for determining coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a plurality of measurement regions with measurement regions in the form of rectangles and four leads from the measurement region. In FIG. 32 shows the location of the measuring areas and their conclusions. In FIG. 33 shows a system of measuring electrodes and a diagram of their connections and connections for a single measuring region.

FIG. 34 and FIG. 35 is an embodiment of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a plurality of measurement regions with measurement regions in the shape of hexagons and three leads from the measurement region. In FIG. 34 shows the location of the measuring areas and their conclusions. In FIG. 35 shows a system of measuring electrodes and a diagram of their connections and connections for a single measuring area.

FIG. 36, FIG. 37 and FIG. 38 is a variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a plurality of measuring regions located on two surfaces of the layers of the dielectric substrate in the form of a matrix. In FIG. 36 shows the arrangement of the measuring regions on the dielectric substrate and their conclusions. In FIG. 37 and FIG. 38 shows the location of the measuring electrodes of the measuring areas of rows and columns with wiring diagrams and connections.

In FIG. 39 and FIG. Figure 40 shows the arrangement of the measuring electrodes of the measuring regions of rows and columns with the connection diagrams of the electrodes for the electric capacitive transducer variant for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region using many measuring regions located on two surfaces of the layers of the dielectric substrate in the form of rows and columns and three leads from the measuring area.

In FIG. 41 shows an embodiment of the invention using a plurality of measurement areas arranged in eight rows and eight columns, with an output signal in the form of a digital code.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The implementation of the invention is disclosed by examples of varieties and variations of an electric capacitive converter constituting a group of inventions. The numbers of varieties of electric capacitance converters and their variants in the section "implementation of the invention" coincide with the numbers of the corresponding varieties and variants given in the section "essence of the invention".

1. Electro-capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region

The implementation of the invention is disclosed by the example of a variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, for bodies of electrically conductive material. The claims of this embodiment include the features set forth in the independent clause of clause 1 and the dependent clauses of clause 3, 4, 9, 11 and 15 formulas. Paragraph 3 describes the design of the measuring electrodes in the form of trapezoid, paragraph 4 refers to the connection of the electrodes and connect the leads, paragraph 9 refers to the design and location of the common insulating layer of the dielectric substrate, paragraph 11 refers to the design and location of the common electrode, paragraph p. 15 defines the design of the dielectric substrate in the form of a flat dielectric plate. The principle of operation of the electric capacitive converter is described in version 1.1. The design features of the electrode system and the connection diagram of the electrodes and the connection of the leads are given in options 1.3 and 1.4 in the section "Summary of the invention".

The design of the dielectric substrate and the common electrode of the capacitive converter is shown in FIG. 1, in side view. In FIG. 7 shows the shape and arrangement of the measuring electrodes of the first and second sets separately. In FIG. Figure 8 shows the measuring electrodes in combined form with the alternation of groups, as they are located on the dielectric substrate. In FIG. 9 shows the measuring electrodes, taking into account trimming and elongation to the boundary of the measuring region, and a diagram of the connections of the electrodes and terminal connections.

In FIG. 1 shows the basic structural elements of a variant of an electric capacitive transducer 101 for determining the geometric center of a two-dimensional region for an electrically conductive body. To place the measuring electrodes 103, a dielectric substrate 102 is used, which is made in the form of a dielectric plate with a flat surface. To insulate the electrodes, an insulating layer 111 is provided located on top of the electrodes 103. The common 106 electrode is located on the side of the dielectric substrate, which is opposite to the side with the electrodes.

The system of measuring electrodes of the electric capacitive converter is shown in FIG. 9. The relative dimensions of the measuring electrodes are distorted. The measuring electrodes are located on a dielectric substrate at the boundary of the measuring region 110, the shape, size and location of which are given. The measurement region 110 comprises two sets of measurement electrodes. The measuring electrodes of each of the sets form the first and second measuring parts corresponding to the set. The measuring electrodes of the first measuring part of the first set are indicated by the number 202, the second measuring part of the first set by the number 203, the first measuring part of the second set by the number 204, the second measuring part of the second set by the number 205. The shape, size and location of the measuring electrodes of each of the sets are defined in separate, corresponding sets of coordinate systems. The coordinate system of the first set is indicated by the number 216, the coordinate system of the second set by the number 217. Moreover, the ordinate axis Y1 of the coordinate system 216 of the measuring electrodes of the first set is located at a predetermined non-zero angle to the ordinate Y2 of the coordinate system 212 of the measuring electrodes of the second set. For any single first or second set, the measuring electrodes are divided into uniform groups of measuring electrodes, while the groups of measuring electrodes are located on the dielectric substrate within the boundaries of the measuring areas of groups 214 and 215. The first group of the first set is indicated by the number 212. Each of the groups contains a part corresponding to the set measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts. In each group of sets, the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part are made in the form of geometric figures, the total width of which along the direction of the abscissa axis as a function of distance along the direction of the ordinate axis varies linearly, the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part are made in the form of geometric figures, supplementing the geometric figures of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part until a constant total width is formed along the abscissa axis as a function of distance along the direction B ordinates.

For any given set, the measuring electrodes of the groups are made and arranged in such a way that in any section of the measuring electrodes of the groups parallel to the abscissa axis, line 133 (see Fig. 7), the difference in the total width of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part calculated within one full group and one section and the total width of the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part is a constant value in this section for other complete groups, in any section of the measuring electrodes of the parallel groups hydrochloric line abscissa computed within one complete group and the total width of one section of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring units is constant in this cross section to complete other groups, wherein the total group have complete composition measuring electrodes in section.

In an embodiment of the invention, the specific construction of the measuring electrode system is determined by the graphic plotting method. This system is fully consistent with the features that are specified in paragraph 1 of the claims.

The measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts of the first and second sets are made in the form of trapezoid. The measuring electrodes, together with the connecting conductors and leads, are located on the same surface of the dielectric substrate layer.

In FIG. 5 shows an initial group 212 of measuring electrodes. The trapeziums of the group of measuring electrodes 212 can be made inclined at a predetermined angle relative to the ordinate Y of the coordinate system 216 of the first set by shifting the upper trapezoid bases along the abscissa, as shown on the right side of FIG. 5. Moreover, as shown in the section of the invention, the inclined measuring electrodes of the group for the purpose of determining the coordinates of the two-dimensional region along one axis are equivalent to non-inclined measuring electrodes. In FIG. Figure 6 shows an example of trimming and extension of a group of measuring electrodes, in which the target function of the capacitive transducer also does not change.

As shown in FIG. 7, the sides of the trapezoid located on the edges of the groups by displacing the upper bases of the trapezoidal groups along the abscissa axis of the coordinate system 216 of the first set of measuring electrodes are made with a slope of the first predetermined angle ϕ ₁ with respect to the ordinate axis of the coordinate system 216 of the first set. For groups of electrodes 219 included in the second set, the sides of the trapezoids located on the edge of the groups, by displacing the upper bases of the trapezoidal groups along the abscissa axis of the coordinate system 217 of the second set, are inclined by a second predetermined angle ϕ ₂ with respect to the ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the second set not equal to the first angle ϕ ₁ .

In FIG. 8 groups of measuring electrodes of the first and second sets shown in FIG. 7 are superposed on a dielectric substrate in the boundary region of the measurement region 110, alternatingly. At the same time, the sides of the trapezoid located at the edges of the groups are located almost parallel to each other. The point 221 of intersection of the abscissa axes of the local coordinate systems 216 and 217 of the first and second sets of measuring electrodes coincides with the geometric center of the measuring region 110.

In FIG. 9 it is shown that these measuring electrodes are located at the boundary of the measuring region 110, while parts of the geometric shapes of the electrodes that extend beyond the measuring region are cut off along the boundary of the measuring region 110. The geometric figures of the electrodes that do not reach the boundary of the measuring region are elongated by continuing the lines of the sides of the trapezoid to the border of the measuring region.

In FIG. 9 further shows the local coordinate system 220 of the measurement region 110, the beginning of which coincides with the geometric center of the measurement region 110 and the point of intersection of the abscissa axes 221 of the local coordinate systems 216 and 217 of the sets of measuring electrodes.

The measuring electrodes of the measuring parts are connected to the corresponding electrical terminals in accordance with the connection diagram of the electrodes and the connection terminals. The circuit of connections and connection of conclusions has several options. Features of the variants of the circuit of connections and connections are given in the description of options 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6 of the electric capacitive converter. The findings of the measuring parts together with the output of the common electrode form the conclusions of the electrical capacitive transducer.

The principle of operation of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region is given in the section "Summary of the invention".

1.3 Variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with four leads from a system of measuring electrodes

A variant of the electric capacitive converter corresponds to paragraph 4 of the claims. For this embodiment, in FIG. 9 shows the design and arrangement of the measuring electrodes of the first and second sets and the diagram of the connections of the electrodes and the connection leads. A description of the design of the measuring electrode system of the variant is given in the description of version 1.2, a further development of which is version 1.3.

A variant of the electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with four leads from the system of measuring electrodes is distinguished by the peculiarities of the circuit of the connections of the electrodes and the connections of the terminals of the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts. In the circuit of connecting the electrodes and connecting the terminals, the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part of the first set are electrically connected to each other and connected to the corresponding terminal 206, the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part of the first set are electrically connected to each other and connected to the corresponding terminal 207, measuring electrodes of the first measuring part of the second set electrically interconnected and connected to the corresponding output 208, measuring electrodes of the second meter hydrochloric portion of the second plurality of electrically interconnected and connected to a corresponding terminal 209, third output 211 is connected to the common electrode.

The principle of operation of a variant of an electric capacitive converter is given in the "Summary of the Invention" section in the description under the numbers 1, 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3.

1.4 A variant of an electro-capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, with three leads from a system of measuring electrodes with a connection of electrodes of one of the measuring parts of the first set and one opposite measuring part of the second set of measuring electrodes

A variant of the electric capacitive converter corresponds to paragraph 5 of the claims. For this option, the shape and arrangement of the measuring electrodes of the first and second sets separately, similarly to option 1.3, shown in FIG. 7. In FIG. 10 shows the measuring electrodes in combined form with the alternation of groups, as they are located on the dielectric substrate, with the designation of the boundary of the measuring region. The measuring electrodes of the first measuring part of the first set are indicated by the number 232, the electrodes of the second measuring part of the first set by the number 233, the electrodes of the first measuring part of the second set by the number 234, the electrodes of the second measuring part of the second set by the number 235. In FIG. 11 shows the measuring electrodes, taking into account trimming and elongation to the boundary of the measuring region, and a diagram of the connections of the electrodes and the connection leads.

The connection diagram of the electrodes and the terminals of the electrical capacitive transducer 231 according to embodiment 1.4 is characterized in that the measuring electrodes 233 of the second measuring part of the first set are electrically connected to each other and to the electrodes 234 of the first measuring part of the second set and connected to the corresponding terminal 237. Measuring electrodes 232 of the first measuring part the first set are electrically interconnected and connected to the corresponding output 236, the measuring electrodes 235 of the second measuring part and the second set are interconnected and connected to the corresponding terminal 238, an additional terminal 211 is connected to a common electrode. In an embodiment of an electric capacitive converter, as shown in FIG. 10, the measuring electrodes 233 and 234 located at the edges of the groups, which belong to different sets, belong to opposite measuring parts, are interconnected by connecting the sides of the trapezoid groups. Such a connection is not necessary. For example, in the embodiment of the capacitive transducer under number 2.4 (Fig. 39 and Fig. 40), these measuring electrodes are separated from each other by gaps and are connected only by connecting conductors.

1.5 Variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with three leads from a system of measuring electrodes and connecting electrodes of one of the measuring parts of the first set and one measuring part of the same name of the second set of electrodes

A variant of the electric capacitive converter corresponds to paragraph 6 of the claims. For this embodiment, the shape and arrangement of the measuring electrodes of the first and second sets individually are shown in FIG. 12. In FIG. 13 shows the measuring electrodes in combined form with the alternation of groups, as they are located on the dielectric substrate. The measuring electrodes of the first measuring part of the first set are indicated by the number 242, the electrodes of the second measuring part of the first set by the number 243, the electrodes of the first measuring part of the second set by the number 244, the electrodes of the second measuring part of the second set by the number 245. In FIG. 14 shows the measuring electrodes, taking into account trimming and elongation to the boundary of the measuring region, a diagram of the connections of the electrodes and the connections of the terminals.

The connection diagram of the electrodes and the terminals of the electrical capacitive transducer 241 according to embodiment 1.5 is characterized in that the measuring electrodes 243 of the second measuring part of the first set are electrically connected to each other and to the electrodes 245 of the second measuring part of the second set and connected to the corresponding terminal 247, measuring electrodes 242 of the first measuring part the first set are electrically interconnected and connected to the corresponding output 246, the measuring electrodes 244 of the first measuring part and the second set are interconnected and connected to the corresponding terminal 248, an additional terminal 211 is connected to a common electrode.

In an embodiment of an electric capacitive converter, as shown in FIG. 13, the measuring electrodes 243 and 245 located at the edges of the groups, which belong to different sets, belong to the same measuring parts. In this case, the measuring electrodes of the same measuring parts of the groups are additionally connected by adjoining the sides of the trapezoid groups. Performing such a direct connection is useful in terms of reducing the width of the groups, but not necessarily.

The principle of operation of a variant of an electric capacitive converter is given in the section "Summary of the Invention", in the description under the numbers 1.1 and 1.5.

1.6 Variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with three leads from a system of measuring electrodes and disconnecting one of the measuring parts of one of the many measuring electrodes

A variant of the electric capacitive converter corresponds to paragraph 7 of the claims. In FIG. 15 shows the shape and arrangement of the measuring electrodes of the first and second sets separately. In FIG. 16 shows the same measuring electrodes in combined form with alternating groups as they are located on a dielectric substrate. The measuring electrodes of the first measuring part of the first set are indicated by the number 252, the electrodes of the second measuring part of the first set by the number 253, the electrodes of the first measuring part of the second set by the number 254, the electrodes of the second measuring part of the second set by the number 255. In FIG. 17 shows the measuring electrodes, taking into account trimming and elongation to the boundary of the measuring region, a diagram of the connections of the electrodes and the connection leads. The connection diagram of the electrodes and the connections of the terminals of the electric capacitive transducer 251 according to embodiment 1.6 is characterized in that in the connection diagram of the electrodes and the connections of the terminals, the measuring electrodes 252 of the first measuring part of the first set are electrically connected to each other and connected to the corresponding terminal 256, the measuring electrodes 253 of the second measuring part of the first set electrically interconnected and connected to the corresponding output 257, the measuring electrodes 254 of the first measuring part of the second m ozhestva interconnected and connected to a corresponding terminal 258, third output 211 elektroemkostnogo converter connected to the common electrode. As shown in FIG. 15, the measuring electrodes 255 of the second measuring part of the second set, indicated by a dashed line, are not connected to the terminals of the electric capacitive transducer.

An electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, with the aim of adapting to different application conditions, can be used in conjunction with any of the options 1.8-1.21 for performing a dielectric substrate and a common electrode. A description of the design of the electric capacitive converter according to the options is given in the section "Summary of the invention".

1.7 Variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region with an output signal in the form of a digital code

A variant of the electric capacitive converter corresponds to paragraph 8 of the claims. In FIG. 18 shows a diagram of the connections and connections of the terminals of the electric capacitive transducer for a variant of the electrode system with four leads from the measuring parts and the microcontroller circuit. In this embodiment, the capacitive transducer 413 for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region is additionally equipped with a microcontroller 260 containing a multi-channel analog-to-digital transducer 266 "electric capacitance is a digital code", a memory unit 269 and a processor 267, and the conclusions of the measuring parts of the capacitive transducer are connected to the corresponding inputs channels of the analog-to-digital converter, the output 211 of the common electrode is connected to the corresponding input of the microcontroller, the output is analog An o-digital converter is connected to the input of the processor. The signals 268 of the electric capacitance in the form of a digital code from the output of the analog-to-digital converter 266 are fed to the input of the microcontroller processor 267, the processor generates output signals 270 of the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region, expressed as a digital code at the output of the microcontroller.

The microcontroller circuit shown in FIG. 18 is applicable to options 1.4, 1.5, and 1.6. The differences are due to the fact that the connection diagrams of the terminals of the electric capacitive converter for options 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6 differ in the presence of three conclusions from the measuring parts. Therefore, three outputs are connected to the analog-to-digital converter.

2. An electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a variety of measuring regions

The implementation of the invention is disclosed in the examples of options 2.2 and 2.3 of the capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a variety of measuring regions.

2.2 Variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a variety of measuring regions in the form of rectangles

A variant of the electric capacitive converter corresponds to paragraph 27 of the claims. In the description of an embodiment of the invention, the features of the independent claim of claim 24 are included. FIG. 32 shows the location of the measuring areas and their conclusions. In FIG. 33 shows a system of measuring electrodes and a diagram of the connections of the electrodes and the connection leads for a single measuring area.

An electric capacitive transducer 401 for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a plurality of measuring regions comprises a dielectric substrate 402 on which a plurality of measuring regions 410 with electrodes in the form of geometric shapes of rectangles are arranged in the form of a regular structure. Measurement regions 410 are located on the dielectric substrate at predetermined intervals relative to each other, at the boundary of the common measurement region of the dielectric substrate 404.

In this embodiment of the electric capacitive transducer, for each measuring region, an electrode system with four leads from the measuring region, described in version 1.3, was used. The measuring electrodes and their terminals are located on the same surface of the layer of the dielectric substrate 402. The electrode connection diagram can be continued for any number of electrodes, without intersecting the electrodes and the terminals, with a maximum number of conductors 409 running along one side of the rectangle equal to three.

The terminals of the electrode system of each measurement region in FIG. 32 and FIG. 33 are shown as group lines 406 consisting of four conductors that are combined near the upper and lower boundaries of the dielectric substrate into common group lines. Common group lines are designed to connect the terminals of the electric capacitive converter, through the conductors of loops 407, to the microcontroller or to another end device.

As shown in FIG. 33, the intersection of the abscissa axis of the local coordinate system 416 of the first set of electrodes and the abscissa axis of the coordinate system 417 of the second set of measuring electrodes of the measuring region coincides with the geometric center of the measuring region. Also shown is the local coordinate system 408 of the measuring region, the beginning of which coincides with the intersection of the abscissa axes of the coordinate systems 416 and 417. Moreover, the coordinates of the geometric center defined in coordinate systems 416 and 417 of two sets of measuring electrodes can be recalculated within the local coordinate system of the measuring region 408. In the following description, only coordinate systems of measurement areas will be used for the measuring regions. In FIG. 32 and FIG. 34-40 show the local coordinate systems of the measuring areas.

In version 2.2 of the electric capacitive transducer, the measuring areas can be performed using any system of measuring electrodes described in versions 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, and 1.6. The principle of operation of a variant of an electric capacitive converter is given in the section "Summary of the Invention" in the description of Option 2.2.

2.3 Variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a variety of measuring regions in the form of hexagons

The option corresponds to paragraph 28 of the claims. The arrangement of the measuring regions and their terminals is shown in FIG. 34. In FIG. 35 shows a system of measuring electrodes and a diagram of the connections and connections of the terminals for a single measuring region.

Option 2.3 of the electric capacitive transducer 411 differs from option 2.2 in that the measuring areas 420 are made in the form of regular hexagons. Moreover, in the measuring areas, an electrode system with three leads was used, similarly to option 1.4 (Fig. 11). The difference between the measurement region in the shape of a hexagon and that shown in FIG. 11 in that in this case, the measuring electrodes are inscribed in the boundary of the hexagonal measuring region. In this embodiment, group lines 414 from each measurement region comprise three conductors. Group lines 414 are combined into group lines of loops 415. Shown in FIG. 35, the electrode connection diagram is applicable for any number of measuring electrodes, without increasing the number of leads and with a maximum number of connecting conductors 419 extending along one side of the hexagon equal to two. The origin of the local coordinate system 418 of the measuring region is located in the geometric center of the corresponding measuring region.

In version 2.3 of the electric capacitive transducer, the measuring areas can be performed using any system of measuring electrodes described in versions 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, and 1.6. The principle of operation of a variant of an electric capacitive converter is given in the section "Summary of the Invention" in the description of Option 2.3.

2.4 Variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a plurality of measuring regions located on two surfaces of the layers of the dielectric substrate in the form of a matrix

An embodiment of the electric capacitance converter 412 corresponds to paragraph 29 of the claims. In FIG. 36 shows the arrangement of the measuring regions on the dielectric substrate. In FIG. 37 and FIG. 38 shows the location of the measuring electrodes of the measuring areas of rows and columns, with the connections and connections of the measuring electrodes.

The capacitance converter comprises a multilayer dielectric substrate 405, a common electrode, and a plurality of measurement regions 429 located on the substrate with measuring electrodes. The measuring electrodes are located on two surfaces of the layers of the dielectric substrate 405 isolated from each other. Moreover, the measuring areas located on one surface of the dielectric substrate layer are made in the form of geometric figures of rectangles forming rows 430, and on the other surface of the dielectric substrate are made in the form of rectangles forming columns 431 .

In this embodiment of the electro-capacitive transducer, for each measuring region, an electrode system was used, with four leads from the measuring parts, similar to that described in the section “Summary of the invention” in versions 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3, shown in FIG. 9. In the area of intersection of the measuring regions of rows 430 and columns 431, the sides of the electrode groups of the measuring regions of rows and columns are located almost parallel to each other and alternating, so that in the perpendicular view to the surface of the dielectric substrate, the measuring electrodes do not intersect each other. The beginning of the local coordinate system 435 of each measuring region of the rows and the local coordinate system 436 of each measuring region of the columns coincides with the geometric center of the corresponding measuring region. The conclusions 437 of the measuring regions of the rows and the conclusions 438 of the measuring regions of the columns are shown as group lines. The findings of the measuring areas together with the output of the common electrode form the conclusions of the capacitive transducer. In the practice of the invention, the number of rows and columns may be arbitrary, for example, as shown in FIG. 41, where the measuring region of the dielectric substrate contains a matrix of eight measuring regions of rows and eight columns.

In FIG. 39 and FIG. 40 shows the measuring electrodes for a variant of an electric capacitance converter with three leads from the measuring parts. In FIG. 39 shows the location of the measuring electrodes of the measuring areas of the rows, in FIG. 40 shows the location of the measuring regions of the columns, with the connection diagrams of the measuring electrodes and the connection leads.

The electric capacitance converter is characterized in that it uses a system of electrodes of the measuring region with three leads, corresponding to option 1.4.

In version 2.4 of the electric capacitive transducer, the measuring areas can be performed using any system of measuring electrodes described in versions 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, and 3.6. The principle of operation of a variant of an electric capacitive converter is given in the section "Summary of the Invention" in the description of Option 2.4.

2.6 Variant of an electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a variety of measuring regions and output signals in the form of a digital code

A variant of the electric capacitive converter corresponds to paragraph 31 of the claims. Features of an embodiment of an electric capacitive converter are shown in FIG. 41.

In this embodiment, the capacitive transducer 413 is additionally equipped with a microcontroller 450 containing a multi-channel analog-to-digital transducer 421 “electric capacitance - digital code”, a memory block 423 and a processor 427. Moreover, the conclusions of the measuring areas of the capacitive transducer are connected to the corresponding channel inputs of the analog-to-digital converter, output the common electrode 426 is connected to the corresponding input of the microcontroller, the output of the analog-to-digital converter is connected to the input of the processor. In FIG. 41 conclusions of the measuring areas are shown in the form of group lines and separate loops from the measuring areas of rows 452 and columns 451. The signals of 425 capacitances in the form of a digital code from the output of the analog-to-digital converter 421 are fed to the input of the microcontroller processor, the processor implements the calculation of the coordinates of the geometric center of one two-dimensional areas or the calculation of the coordinates of the geometric centers of several two-dimensional areas of several bodies, and also generates output signals of coordinates, expressed as digital code at the output 440 of the microcontroller.

The principle of operation of a variant of an electric capacitive converter is given in the section "Summary of the Invention" in the description of the corresponding option 2.6.

An electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinate of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a variety of measuring regions, in order to adapt to different application conditions, can be used in conjunction with any of the options 1.12-1.21 for performing a dielectric substrate and a common electrode.

The implementation of the inventions according to the claims 23 and 46, in the formulas of which functional features are used, is disclosed in the description of the implementation of the corresponding varieties and variants of the electric capacitive converter under the numbers 1.1-1.6 for clauses 23 and 2.2-2.4 for the clauses 46 of the claims .

Claims (46)

1. An electric capacitance transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, comprising a dielectric substrate, a common electrode and measuring electrodes, the measuring electrodes being located on the dielectric substrate at the boundary of the measuring region, the shape, size and location of which are specified, the measuring electrodes of the measuring region form a system of measuring electrodes , which contains two sets of measuring electrodes, measuring electrodes of each of the sets form The first and second measuring parts corresponding to the set, the shape, size, and location of the measuring electrodes of each of the sets are defined in separate coordinate systems corresponding to the sets, the ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the measuring electrodes of the first set being located at a predetermined nonzero angle to the ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the measuring electrode of the second set, for any single first or second set, the measuring electrodes are divided into uniform groups of measuring electrodes, while the groups of measuring electrodes are located on a dielectric substrate with uniform intervals along the abscissa axis, each of the groups contains a part of the first and second measuring parts corresponding to the set of measuring electrodes, in each of the groups of the set the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part are made in the form of geometric figures, total whose width along the direction of the x-axis as a function of distance along the direction of the y-axis varies linearly, the measuring electrodes of the second the measuring part is made in the form of geometric figures, supplementing the geometric figures of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part to form a constant total width along the abscissa axis as a function of distance along the ordinate axis, the measuring electrodes of the groups are made and arranged so that in any section of the measuring electrodes of the groups parallel the abscissa axis, the difference in the total width of the measuring electrodes calculated within one full group and one section the first measuring part and the total width of the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part is a constant value in this section for other complete groups, in any section of the measuring electrodes of groups parallel to the abscissa axis, the total width of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts calculated within one full group and one section is a constant value in this section for other complete groups, and the full groups have the full composition of the measuring electrodes in the section, will measure the electrode electrodes of the measuring parts are connected to the corresponding electrical terminals in accordance with the connection diagram of the electrodes and the terminal connections, the conclusions of the measuring parts together with the output of the common electrode form the conclusions of the capacitive converter, the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region are expressed as a system of values of the electric capacitances of the electrodes of the measuring parts at the terminals electrical capacitive converter. 2. The electric capacitive converter according to claim 1, characterized in that for any single first or second set of measuring electrodes of the measuring region, each group of measuring electrodes is located on a dielectric substrate at the boundary of the corresponding measuring region of the group, while the measuring regions of the groups have practically the same width in directions along the abscissa axis and are located practically without gaps between the boundaries of the groups in directions along the abscissa axis. 3. The electric capacitive transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to ensure the location of the measuring electrodes, connecting conductors and leads on the same surface of the dielectric substrate layer, the measuring electrodes are made in the form of trapezoid for groups of measuring electrodes included in the first set located at the edges groups of sides of the trapezoid by shifting the upper bases of the trapezoid groups along the abscissa axis of the coordinate system of the first set are made with an inclination by the first predetermined angle in relation to coordinate system of the first set to the ordinate axis, for electrode groups included in the second set, trapezoid sides located on the edge of the groups by displacing the upper bases of the trapezoid groups along the abscissa of the coordinate system of the second set are inclined by a second predetermined angle with respect to the ordinate axis coordinate systems of the second set, not equal to the first angle, the groups of measuring electrodes of the first and second sets are located on a dielectric substrate at the boundary of the measuring region with alternating m and do not intersect each other, while the sides of the trapezoid located on the edges of the groups are located almost parallel to each other, the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts are made and arranged so that the parts of the geometric shapes of the electrodes that extend beyond the measuring area are cut off along the boundary of the measuring area , geometric shapes of electrodes that do not reach the boundary of the measuring region are elongated by extending the lines of the sides of the trapezoid to the boundary of the measuring region Thus, the measuring electrodes are arranged so that the point of intersection of the abscissa axes of the local coordinate systems of the first and second sets of measuring electrodes coincides with the geometric center of the measuring region. 4. The electric capacitive converter according to claim 1, characterized in that in the circuit of connecting the electrodes and connecting the terminals, the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part of the first set are interconnected and connected to the corresponding terminal, the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part of the first set are electrically connected and connected to the corresponding output, the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part of the second set are electrically connected to each other and connected to the corresponding output y, the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part of the second set are electrically connected to each other and connected to the corresponding terminal, an additional terminal is connected to a common electrode. 5. The electric capacitive converter according to claim 1, characterized in that in the circuit of connecting the electrodes and connecting the terminals, the measuring electrodes of one of the measuring parts of the first set are electrically connected to each other and to the electrodes of the opposite measuring part of the second set and connected to the corresponding terminal, the measuring electrodes are not connected measuring parts of the first set are electrically interconnected and connected to the corresponding output, measuring electrodes are not connected meter of the second part of the second set are interconnected and connected to the corresponding terminal, an additional terminal is connected to a common electrode. 6. The electric capacitive converter according to claim 1, characterized in that in the circuit of connecting the electrodes and connecting the terminals, the measuring electrodes of one of the measuring parts of the first set are electrically connected to each other and with the electrodes of the same measuring part of the second set and connected to the corresponding terminal, the measuring electrodes are not connected measuring parts of the first set are electrically interconnected and connected to the corresponding output, measuring electrodes are not connected measuring the second part of the second set are interconnected and connected to the corresponding terminal, an additional terminal is connected to a common electrode. 7. The electric capacitive converter according to claim 1, characterized in that in the circuit of connecting the electrodes and connecting the terminals, the measuring electrodes of any three measuring parts of the first and second sets for each measuring part are individually connected to each other and connected to the corresponding terminals of the measuring parts, an additional output is connected to the common electrode. 8. The electric capacitive converter according to claim 1, characterized in that for the purpose of generating output signals in the form of a digital code, the electric capacitive converter for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region is additionally equipped with a microcontroller containing a multi-channel analog-to-digital converter "electric capacitance - digital code", block memory and the processor, and the conclusions of the measuring parts of the capacitive transducer are connected to the corresponding channel inputs of the analog-to-digital converter Attic, output of the analog-digital converter connected with the input processor, the processor implements a function for calculating coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region, and also generates output coordinate signals, expressed as a digital code on output of the microcontroller. 9. The electric capacitive converter according to claim 1, characterized in that for the purpose of isolating the measuring electrodes and their mechanical protection, it comprises an insulating layer of dielectric material located on the surface of the side of the dielectric substrate with measuring electrodes, the insulating dielectric layer being made of solid dielectric material or dielectric a material that allows elastic deformation in thickness in certain areas of the dielectric substrate. 10. The electric capacitive converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts are located on one or more surfaces of the layers of the dielectric substrate. 11. The electric capacitive converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the common electrode is located on the side of the dielectric substrate, which is opposite to the side with the measuring electrodes, and the common electrode has a surface facing the measuring electrodes with constant distances from the surface of the layer of the dielectric substrate with the measuring electrodes. 12. The electric capacitive converter according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a part of the common electrode, which is located on the side of the dielectric substrate with the measuring electrodes, and the part of the common electrode has a surface facing the measuring electrodes with constant distances from the surface of the layer of the dielectric substrate with the measuring electrodes . 13. The electric capacitive converter according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a shielding electrode, which is located on the side of the dielectric substrate, which is opposite to the side with the measuring electrodes, the shielding electrode having a surface with constant distances from the surface of the layer of the dielectric substrate with the measuring electrodes. 14. The electric capacitive converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the dielectric substrate is made in the form of a body bounded on two sides by two flat or two curved surfaces, which has an almost constant thickness. 15. The electric capacitive converter according to claim 14, characterized in that the dielectric substrate is made in the form of a plate with a flat surface. 16. The electric capacitive converter according to claim 14, characterized in that the dielectric substrate is made in the form of a plate with a curved surface. 17. The electric capacitive converter according to claim 14, characterized in that the dielectric substrate is made in the form of a shell with a curved surface. 18. The electric capacitive converter according to claim 17, characterized in that the surface of the shell has the form of a part of the surface of a sphere. 19. The electric capacitive converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the dielectric substrate contains one or more layers. 20. The electric capacitive converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the dielectric substrate is made with the possibility of elastic deformation along the thickness of the layers. 21. The electric capacitive converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the dielectric substrate comprises a deformable dielectric layer, which is located on top of the layer with measuring electrodes, and a stretch electrode, which is located on top of the deformable layer. 22. The electric capacitive converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the dielectric substrate and the electrodes located on it are made substantially transparent. 23. An electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region, comprising a dielectric substrate, a common electrode and measuring electrodes, the measuring electrodes being located on the dielectric substrate at the boundary of the measuring region and forming a system of measuring electrodes containing at least three measuring parts, measuring electrodes in each of which is electrically interconnected and connected to the corresponding output, while together with the dielectric substrate and the common electrode, they realize the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region in the region of intersection of the two-dimensional region and the measuring region in the corresponding coordinate system, the conclusions of the measuring parts together with the output of the common electrode form the conclusions of the capacitive transducer, the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region expressed as a system of values of the electric capacitance of the electrodes of the measuring parts at the terminals of the measuring parts of the measuring region of the electric capacitive transducer. 24. An electric capacitance transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a plurality of measurement regions, comprising a dielectric substrate, a common electrode and a plurality of measurement regions located on the dielectric substrate, wherein the shape, size and location of the measurement regions are predetermined, the measurement regions are spaced relative to each other relative to each other each other at the boundary of the common measuring region of the dielectric substrate, each of the measuring regions contains measuring electrodes that are located on a dielectric substrate at the boundary of the corresponding measuring region and form a system of measuring electrodes of the measuring region, the system of measuring electrodes of the measuring region contains two sets of measuring electrodes, the measuring electrodes of each of the sets form the first and second measuring parts corresponding to the set, in each of measuring areas the shape, size and location of the measuring electrodes of the first and second sets TVs are defined in separate coordinate systems corresponding to the sets, the ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the first set being located at a predetermined nonzero angle to the ordinate axis of the coordinate system of the second set, for any given first or second set of measuring areas, the measuring electrodes are divided into uniform groups of electrodes corresponding to the set, for This group of measuring electrodes are located on a dielectric substrate with uniform intervals along the abscissa axis, each of g the casing contains a part of the first and second measuring parts corresponding to the plurality of measuring electrodes, in each of the plurality of groups, the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part are made in the form of geometric figures, the total width of which along the abscissa axis as a function of distance along the ordinate axis varies linearly, the measuring electrodes of the second the measuring part is made in the form of geometric figures, complementing the geometric figures of the measuring electrodes of the first measuring part to the constant total width along the abscissa axis as a function of the distance along the ordinate axis, the measuring electrodes of the groups are made and arranged so that in any section of the measuring electrodes of the groups parallel to the abscissa axis, the difference in the total width of the measuring electrodes calculated within one full group and one section the first measuring part and the total width of the measuring electrodes of the second measuring part is a constant value in this section for each x full groups, in any section of the measuring electrodes of groups parallel to the abscissa, the line calculated within one full group and one section, the total width of the measuring electrodes of the first and second measuring parts is a constant value in this section for other full groups, and the full groups have the full composition of the measuring electrodes in cross section, for each measuring part of the measuring region, the measuring electrodes are interconnected and connected to the corresponding electrical output in In accordance with the connection diagram of the measuring electrodes and the connection of the conclusions, the conclusions of the measuring parts of the measuring areas together with the output of the common electrode form the conclusions of the electric capacitance converter, the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region or the geometric centers of several two-dimensional areas are expressed as a system of values of the electric capacitances of the electrodes of the measuring parts at the terminals areas of electric capacitance converter. 25. The electric capacitive converter according to claim 24, characterized in that for any single first or second set of measuring electrodes of the measuring region, each group of measuring electrodes is located on a dielectric substrate at the boundary of the corresponding measuring region of the group, while the measuring regions of the groups have almost the same width directions along the abscissa axis and are located practically without gaps between the boundaries of the groups in directions along the abscissa axis. 26. The electric capacitive converter according to claim 24, characterized in that in the system of measuring electrodes of the measuring area, consisting of four measuring parts, the measuring electrodes of any two measuring parts of different sets are electrically connected to each other or any one measuring part is excluded, forming a new system of measuring electrodes consisting of three measuring parts, in each of the measuring parts of which the measuring electrodes are interconnected and have a corresponding electrical waters from the measuring electrodes of the measuring part. 27. The electric capacitive converter according to claim 24 or 26, characterized in that the measuring areas are made in the form of geometric shapes of rectangles and are located on the dielectric substrate in the form of a regular structure of rows and columns, and in each measuring area the measuring electrodes are arranged so that the beginning the local coordinate system of the measuring region coincides with its geometric center. 28. The electric capacitive converter according to claim 24 or 26, characterized in that the measuring areas are made in the form of geometric figures of regular hexagons and are located on the dielectric substrate in the form of a regular structure of rows and columns, and in each measuring area the measuring electrodes are arranged so that the origin of the local coordinate system of the measuring region coincides with its geometric center. 29. The electric capacitive converter according to claim 24 or 26, characterized in that the measuring regions are located on two surfaces of the layers of the dielectric substrate, and the measuring regions located on one surface of the dielectric substrate layer are made in the form of geometric shapes of rectangles forming the rows, and on the other surface of the dielectric the substrates are made in the form of rectangles forming columns, while in the area of intersection of the measuring regions of rows and columns, the sides of the groups of electrodes the measuring regions of rows and columns are located almost parallel to each other and alternating in such a way that they do not intersect each other in the view on the surface of the dielectric substrate, and in each measuring region the measuring electrodes are arranged so that the origin of the local coordinate system of the measuring region coincides with its geometric center. 30. The electric capacitive converter according to claim 24 or 26, characterized in that the gaps between the measuring areas are set to zero, while the connecting conductors for connecting the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts and the conclusions of the measuring parts are located within the boundaries of the measuring areas of the electrode groups. 31. Electrical capacitor according to any one of paragraphs. 24, 26-29, characterized in that in order to generate output signals in the form of a digital code, the capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region is additionally equipped with a microcontroller containing a multi-channel analog-to-digital converter "electric capacitance - digital code", a memory unit and a processor, and the conclusions of the measuring parts of the measuring areas of the capacitive transducer are connected to the corresponding channel inputs of the analog-to-digital converter, the output the common electrode is connected to the corresponding input of the microcontroller, the output of the analog-to-digital converter is connected to the processor input, the processor implements the function of calculating the coordinates of the geometric center of one two-dimensional region or the function of calculating the coordinates of the geometric centers of two-dimensional regions of several bodies, and also generates output coordinate signals, expressed as digital microcontroller output code. 32. The electric capacitive converter according to paragraphs. 24, 26-29, characterized in that for the purpose of isolation of the measuring electrodes and their mechanical protection contains an insulating layer of dielectric material located on the surface of the side of the dielectric substrate with measuring electrodes, the insulating dielectric layer is made of solid dielectric material or dielectric material, allowing elastic deformation in thickness in certain regions of the dielectric substrate. 33. The electric capacitive converter according to paragraphs. 24, 26-28, characterized in that the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts are located on one or more surfaces of the layers of the dielectric substrate. 34. Electrical capacitive converter according to paragraphs. 24, 26-29, characterized in that the common electrode is located on the side of the dielectric substrate, which is opposite to the side with the measuring electrodes, and the common electrode has a surface facing the measuring electrodes with constant distances from the surface of the layer of the dielectric substrate with the measuring electrodes. 35. Electrical capacitive converter according to paragraphs. 24, 26-29, characterized in that it contains a part of the common electrode, which is located on the side of the dielectric substrate with the measuring electrodes, and the part of the common electrode has a surface facing the measuring electrodes with constant distances from the surface of the layer of the dielectric substrate with the measuring electrodes. 36. The electric capacitive converter according to paragraphs. 24, 26-29, characterized in that it contains a shielding electrode, which is located on the side of the dielectric substrate, which is opposite to the side with the measuring electrodes, and the shielding electrode has a surface with constant distances with the surface of the layer of the dielectric substrate with the measuring electrodes. 37. The electric capacitive converter according to paragraphs. 24, 26-29, characterized in that the dielectric substrate is made in the form of a body bounded on both sides by two flat or two curved surfaces, which has an almost constant thickness. 38. The electric capacitive converter according to paragraphs. 24, 26-29, characterized in that the dielectric substrate is made in the form of a plate with a flat surface. 39. The electric capacitive converter according to paragraphs. 24, 26-29, characterized in that the dielectric substrate is made in the form of a plate with a curved surface. 40. The electric capacitive converter according to paragraphs. 24, 26-29, characterized in that the dielectric substrate is made in the form of a shell with a curved surface. 41. The electric capacitive converter according to claim 40, characterized in that the surface of the shell has the form of a part of the surface of a sphere. 42. The electric capacitive converter according to paragraphs. 24, 26-29, characterized in that the dielectric substrate contains one or more layers. 43. Electrical capacitor according to paragraphs. 24, 26-29, characterized in that the dielectric substrate is made with the possibility of elastic deformation along the thickness of the layers. 44. The electric capacitive converter according to paragraphs. 24, 26-29, characterized in that the dielectric substrate contains a deformable dielectric layer, which is located on top of the layer with measuring electrodes, and a stretch electrode, which is located on top of the deformable layer. 45. The electric capacitive converter according to paragraphs. 24, 26-29, characterized in that the dielectric substrate and the electrodes located on it are made almost transparent. 46. An electric capacitive transducer for determining the coordinates of the geometric center of a two-dimensional region using a plurality of measuring regions, comprising a dielectric substrate, a common electrode and a plurality of measuring regions with measuring electrodes, the shape, size and location of the measuring regions are defined, the measuring regions are arranged at predetermined intervals relative to each other in the boundary of the total measuring region of the dielectric substrate, each of the measuring regions contains a meter electrodes that are located on a dielectric substrate at the boundary of the corresponding measuring region and form a system of electrodes of the measuring region containing at least three measuring parts, the measuring electrodes in each of the measuring parts are electrically connected to each other and connected to the corresponding output, while the system of measuring electrodes each measuring region, together with the dielectric substrate and the common electrode, realize the function of determining the coordinates of the geometric the center of the two-dimensional region at the intersection of the two-dimensional region and the measuring region, in the corresponding coordinate system of the measuring region for each measuring region, the coordinates of the geometric center of the two-dimensional region or the coordinates of the geometric centers of several two-dimensional regions are expressed as a system of values of the electric capacitances of the measuring electrodes of the measuring parts at the terminals measuring parts of the measuring areas of the electric capacitive transducer.

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