RU2776702C1 - Upholstery device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: furniture industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to an upholstery device. The expected result is achieved by the fact that the upholstery device, in particular, an upholstery pad or an upholstery cushion, has an upper side, a lower side and a side wall provided between the upper side and the lower side with passage along the outer perimeter, having a cover layer surrounding the upper side, side walls and lower side and an upholstery layer located under the upper cover layer, in this case, the cover layer is made light-permeable at least from the upper side, the upholstery layer is made at least from the upper side light-permeable, under the upholstery layer at least in places, there is, in particular over the entire surface, a heat-absorbing, in particular a flexible absorption layer, and above or below the absorption layer there is a solar heat storage layer in functional connection with the absorption layer, which has a phase change material, the so-called PCM material, or under the upholstery layer a functional layer with a layer of solar heat accumulation from an integrated solar thermal material with a phase transition is made at least in places, in particular over the entire surface, the so-called PCM material, and the functional layer has in particular an absorption layer.

EFFECT: possibility of recycling the upholstery.

22 cl, 9 dwg

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The present invention relates to an upholstery device, such as an upholstery liner, an upholstery cushion or the like, with an upper side, a lower side and side walls between the upper side and the lower side extending along the outer perimeter with a cover sheet surrounding the upper side, the side walls and the lower side. layer and the upholstery layer located under the top cover layer.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Known from DE 10 2017 000 649 A1 is an upholstery for use in areas with high humidity, which has a first layered body with a waterproof coating. On the underside and/or the top side of the first layered body there are ventilation recesses which form a ventilation structure. Further, there is a second layered body, wherein the first layered body has a higher degree of hardness than the second layered body, and the first layered body and/or the second layered body has through ventilation holes. Such upholstery has good lying comfort and exhibits good drying properties which resist the formation of mold or bacteria during prolonged use.

US 4,980,936 A describes a flexible foam mat for outdoor use. The mat has embossings that are recessed on the top and/or bottom side, which form channel-like or raster-like structures on the upper surface of the mat. The structures in this case have inclined side surfaces, which leads to an increase in flexibility and thus to an increased cushioning effect. In addition, the structures are arranged in such a way that free air circulation, in particular on the underside of the mat, is blocked as much as possible when the upper side is loaded, so that people who use the mat as a pad (e.g. for sleeping) do not get cold. This is achieved due to the fact that the structures are made in the form of chambers. The structures are also designed in such a way that they engage with each other when the mat is rolled up or folded, so that the mat can be compressed compactly.

US 2004/0237206 A1 describes upholstery with two layers of elastic foam, which have different degrees of hardness. Both layers have notches located in a given orthogonal raster, extending from top to bottom.

In principle, it can be stated that the functional capacity of the seat upholstery is based on the interaction of the shell, the inner padding and the connecting structures. First of all, when used in open sea areas for boats and yachts, complex requirements must be met in terms of processing, suitability for sea water and comfort. Condensation inside the upholstery or insufficient drying is a recurring problem with currently known standard seat upholstery, which can lead to mold formation, for example, and impair long-term reliability functionality and result in a visually negative appearance. Comfort suffers primarily in the evening hours, as the upholstery for the seat or upholstery also cools down and becomes damp when the air gets colder. As a result, the problem arises that moisture from the air begins to condense also in the seat upholstery as soon as the ambient temperature drops. Since the seat upholstery cannot be completely sealed, moisture can penetrate through the fastening or seams into the seat upholstery. The foam material used so far known takes up the resulting moisture inside and thus provides a good breeding ground for algae, fungi and bacteria of all kinds, which leads to the formation of rot and an unpleasant odor inside the upholstery and significantly limits its functionality.

In addition, the recycling of known seat upholstery is almost impossible, since the foam materials used with a high proportion of polyurethane (PU) can only be recycled to a limited extent, since the material compound of the known seat upholstery would have to be chemically separated for this, which causes high expenses. In addition, the foams used so far are subjected to chemical and age-related decomposition processes during use, which destroy the basic matrix of the used foam. This destruction is further facilitated by sebum, exposure to sweat and light. All this leads to the fact that the reuse of the material is practically excluded.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Based on the prior art, the present invention is based on the object or technical problem of providing an upholstery device of the type indicated at the beginning, which provides reliable long-term performance, provides high sitting/lying comfort, prevents mold and bacteria attack even when used in harsh environments. humid environmental conditions, in particular in the marine area, and at the same time counteracts the long-term moistening of the interior of the upholstery due to rainwater, splashing water or condensation, i.e. it has fast drying properties.

The upholstery according to the invention is indicated by the features of the independent claim 1 of the claims. Preferred embodiments and improvements are the subject matter of claims directly or indirectly dependent on independent claim 1.

The upholstery device according to the invention is characterized accordingly in that the cover layer is made at least translucent on the upper side, the upholstery layer is made at least translucent on the upper side, under the upholstery layer is located, at least in places, in in particular over the entire surface, a heat-absorbing, in particular flexible, absorption layer, and above or below the absorption layer there is a solar heat storage layer that is in functional connection with the absorption layer, which has a phase change material, the so-called PCM material, or below the upholstery layer is made, at least in some places, in particular over the entire surface, the functional layer with a solar heat storage layer of an integrated solar thermal material with a phase change, the so-called PCM material, and the functional layer has in particular an absorption layer.

The most preferred embodiment of the inventive upholstery device, which enables economical production, enables reliable positioning of the functional layer inside the upholstery device and ensures long-term reliable performance, is characterized in that the upholstery layer is formed on one side by the upper side of the upholstery shell, which surrounds then the functional layer, i.e. the functional layer is located inside the upholstery shell.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the upholstery device according to the invention is characterized in that an insulating layer or underside of the upholstery shell is located under the solar heat storage layer or the functional layer.

The most preferred improvement, which allows air convection inside the upholstery and counteracts the formation of condensate, is characterized by the fact that the upholstery layer/upholstery shell has perforations (holes).

The most preferred development of the upholstery device according to the invention is characterized in that the upholstery layer is made in the form of a three-dimensional separating knitted fabric or a separating textile knitted fabric, or in the form of a unidirectional fabric with a three-dimensional fibrous structure, and/or the insulating layer is made in the form of a single-layer or multilayer non-woven material or in the form three-dimensional separating knitted fabric or separating textile knitted fabric or in the form of a unidirectional fabric with a three-dimensional fibrous structure.

Thanks to the invention, the upholstery device is provided with a solar thermal upholstery for lying or sitting with heat storage, in which air can circulate, light rays can penetrate in order to energize the PCM material, and the upholstery device, when the load changes or pressure load, releases heat to the its surface and thus heats it up. At the same time, air can be circulated to prevent moisture accumulation, as well as mold and bacteria damage, which is supported by the heat dissipation of the PCM material.

The embodiment of the upholstery layer and/or insulation layer according to the invention in the form of a separating knitted fabric or a unidirectional fabric with a three-dimensional fibrous structure has the advantage that it collects less moisture and is breathable and transparent. Breathability is preferred as heat from the PCM battery can rise to the top of the upholstery. Due to the translucency of the upholstery/insulation layer in the form of a separating knit or a unidirectional fabric with a three-dimensional fibrous structure, it is ensured that the heat radiation also reaches the absorption layer or the functional layer. The thickness of the upholstery layer can be, for example, between 2 and 10 cm, in particular between 2 and 5 cm.

In order to improve the transparency of the upholstery layer made in the form of a three-dimensional knitted fabric, the existing outer layers of the knitted fabric, which are usually made in the form of complex threads, are made in the form of monofilaments.

The execution of the accumulation layer from a constructive point of view can be carried out according to the invention in various ways of including PCM material inside the layer.

The most preferred first embodiment is characterized in that the storage layer/functional layer is in the form of a single or multilayer PCM knit.

A further most preferred embodiment is characterized in that the storage layer/functional layer has closed cavities into which, in particular powdered, PCM material is introduced/wrapped.

The most preferred embodiment, which has a high energy efficiency and ensures long-term reliable performance, is characterized by the fact that the cavities are made in the form of a raster, located in particular between two layers of closed tubular/channel structures that define the cavities, which are filled with PCM- material.

A further highly preferred constructive variant according to the invention, which has a high energy efficiency and at the same time ensures a reliable positioning of the storage layer/functional layer inside the upholstery for a long time, is characterized by the fact that the cavities are made in the form of existing according to the raster, located in particular between the limiting two-dimensional cavities layers of closed nodal structures that are filled with PCM material.

The most preferred embodiment of the upholstery device according to the invention, which ensures long-term reliable operation and reliable positioning of the storage layer or functional layer inside the upholstery device, is characterized in that the upholstery layer has recesses that are open from the underside downwards, in particular embossed, which, at least partially contain the contour of the outer perimeter of the tubular/channel structure or the nodal structure of the storage layer or functional layer, and/or the insulating layer has recesses open from the top side upwards, in particular extruded, which at least partially accommodate the contour of the outer the perimeter of the tubular/channel structure or the nodal structure of the storage layer or functional layer.

The most preferred embodiment of the upholstery device according to the invention, which enables economical and efficient production and realizes high energy efficiency and provides the most space-saving construction of the upholstery device, so that further functional layers, such as an upholstery layer and an insulating layer, can be implemented in with respect to the required height or thickness, is characterized in that the storage layer/functional layer has, in particular, a flexible, thin, carrier layer, which is flat or lattice-like, and on which/on which a PCM material is applied/placed, in particular by means of a screen printing process .

The carrier layer preferably consists of plastic, in particular polyester.

According to the invention, the flat carrier layer is characterized in a preferred embodiment in that the carrier layer has flat ribs arranged according to the raster with recesses between the ribs with circumferential contours defined and given by the ribs, the recesses being filled in area with PCM material.

A preferred alternative implementation is characterized in that the grid carrier layer is located inside the layer of PCM material.

The absorption layer can be made in the form of a single-layer or multi-layer non-woven material or fabric block.

A most preferred embodiment, which significantly improves the energy efficiency of the upholstery according to the invention, is characterized in that the absorption layer/functional layer has a light-absorbing color, in particular black. The black color optimizes the efficient energy absorption of the absorption layer/functional layer for energizing the PCM material.

A most preferred embodiment is characterized in that a cover layer is used below the insulating layer by means of a separating layer with increased strength, wear resistance and air permeability.

A further preferred embodiment of the upholstery device according to the invention, which ensures long-term reliable performance, is characterized in that the cover layer is made in the form of a fabric layer, in particular of textile or synthetic fibers, and is covered on the upper side with a translucent material, in particular silicone or plastic, in particular polyurethane, and the coating is made of these materials in such a way that the highest possible light transmission is ensured.

A particular embodiment for improving energy efficiency is characterized in that the separating knits of the upholstery layer and/or the insulation layer have at least one outer layer, in particular two outer layers located on the upper side and on the lower side, which are formed from monofilaments.

With the upholstery according to the invention, it is fundamentally possible, with regard to the removal of deposits or accumulations of water inside the upholstery due to environmental influences, to the outside, in order to prevent the formation of mold and/or bacteria, up or down.

A fundamentally different kind according to the invention and a preferred embodiment is characterized in that the cover layer is made in the form of a membrane layer, which is waterproof on the one hand, so that water cannot penetrate into the interior of the upholstery, and on the other hand, vapor-permeable, so that the resulting steam can diffuse to the outside, or under the cover layer, a similar membrane layer is located separately below the cover layer, so that no moisture can penetrate into the upholstery. Also available, possibly, the mechanisms for closing and opening the cover layer should in this case be watertight.

A preferred development is characterized in that the storage layer/functional layer is surrounded by a waterproof but vapor-permeable membrane layer at least on the top side, or on both the top and bottom sides.

A further preferred embodiment of the upholstery device according to the invention, in particular with regard to the layered structure of the functional layers, is that the absorption layer is located both above and below the storage layer.

Thanks to the upholstery device according to the invention, for example, solar thermal upholstery for sitting and lying down with a latent heat accumulator can be used, which, compared to known upholstery devices, has a significantly improved quality of comfort. During the day, the radiation energy of the sun is stored in a solar collector or a functional layer with phase change solar thermal material. During the evening hours, this heat inside the upholstery is also released to the surface of the upholstery and thus creates a significant comfort for sitting or lying down. This allows air to circulate inside the upholstery, which counteracts the accumulation of moisture, as well as mold and bacteria.

Overall, the multi-layer construction provides a high level of comfort. Thanks to the use of a solar thermal process, moisture penetration is prevented. The PCM material provides delayed heating and continuous heating of the upholstery with a suitable drying effect and comfort for sitting and lying down.

Instead of conventional polyurethane foam, the upholstery layer according to the invention is a release knit or a release textile knit that allows air to circulate. Thanks to the design according to the invention, the upholstery device provides an environmentally friendly and continuous production and reuse process.

The upholstery device according to the invention can be used in many areas, such as for example in the maritime area or in the field of camping and/or recreation.

Further embodiments and advantages of the invention result from the features set forth in the claims, as well as from the following exemplary embodiments. The features of the claims can be combined with each other in an arbitrary manner, as long as they are not obviously mutually exclusive.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention, as well as its preferred embodiments and improvements are described and explained in more detail below based on the examples shown in the drawing. Features borrowed from the description and drawing can be used according to the invention individually or together in any combination. The drawing shows:

fig. 1 is a highly schematic representation of a first exemplary embodiment of an upholstery in cross section with a cover layer surrounding the upholstery with the following functional layers inside the upholstery surrounded by a cover layer: upholstery layer, absorption layer, solar heat storage layer, insulating layer;

fig. 2 is a highly schematic representation of a second exemplary embodiment of an upholstery in cross section with a cover layer surrounding the upholstery with the following functional layers present inside the upholstery: an upholstery layer, a functional layer that simultaneously has the properties of an absorption layer and a solar heat storage layer, and an insulating layer ;

fig. 3 is a highly schematic, cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of the upholstery according to FIG. 1, wherein on the underside of the upholstery, instead of the cover layer, there is a separating layer;

fig. 4 is a highly schematic perspective view of the solar heat storage layer of the upholstery of FIG. 1, wherein the storage layer is made with a PCM material in the form of a multilayer knit;

fig. 5 is a highly schematic perspective view of the solar heat storage layer of the upholstery of FIG. 1, wherein the storage layer has tubular structures filled with PCM material;

fig. 6a, b are a highly schematic perspective view (FIG. 6a) and a sectional view (FIG. 6b) of the solar heat storage layer of the upholstery according to FIG. 1, wherein the storage layer has nodes filled with PCM material;

fig. 7a, b are a highly schematic perspective view (FIG. 7a) and a sectional view (FIG. 7b) of the solar heat storage layer of the upholstery according to FIG. 1, wherein the storage layer has a flexible, flat carrier layer with ribs running in a pattern and recesses present between the ribs, the recesses being filled with PCM material;

fig. 8a, b are a highly schematic perspective view (FIG. 8a) and a sectional view (FIG. 8b) of the solar heat storage layer of the upholstery according to FIG. 1, wherein the storage layer has a flexible lattice carrier layer which is located within the PCM material layer; and

fig. 9 is a highly schematic cross-sectional view of a fourth embodiment of an upholstery device in which the PCM functional layer is surrounded by an upholstery shell.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION

In the first embodiment of the upholstery device 10.1 according to FIG. 1 shows a cross section with the following construction of the upholsterer 10.1. The rectangular upholstery 10.1, made in the exemplary embodiment in cross section, has an upper side 30, a lower side 32 and side walls 34 extending along the perimeter.

The top side 30, the side walls 34 and the bottom side 32 are completely surrounded by a cover layer 12 which is internally laminated from top to bottom with the following functional layers:

Under the top cover layer 12 there is an upholstery layer 14, under which there is an absorption layer 16.

Both the upper side of the cover layer 12 and the upholstery layer 14 are translucent. As a result, the rays of light can fall on the absorption layer 16, which absorbs their thermal energy and gives out to the solar heat storage layer 18 located underneath. The solar heat storage layer 18 has a phase change material, the so-called PCM material (phase change material), which, when loaded with thermal energy, stores it and releases it again when needed. The output of thermal energy is carried out, for example, by means of a pressure load on the material.

Below the storage layer 18 is an insulating layer 20 which provides insulation for the heat-generating storage layer 18 from below.

Below the insulating layer 20, the cover layer 12 closes the upholstery device 10.1 around the outer perimeter.

A second embodiment of the upholstery device 10.2 according to the invention is shown in FIG. 2. This embodiment is characterized in its basic structure from the embodiment according to FIG. 1 in that the absorption layer 16 and the solar heat storage layer 18 are integrated into one functional layer 19.

A third embodiment of an upholstery device 10.3 according to the invention is shown in FIG. 3. This embodiment is characterized in its principle structure from the embodiment according to FIG. 1 in that on the underside 32, instead of the cover layer 12, there is a separating layer 22.

The introduction/application/inclusion/filling of PCM material in/on/in/into the storage layer 18 can be implemented in a variety of structural ways.

According to the embodiment of FIG. 4 The PCM material is integrally woven or inserted into the wool or knit 24, where the wool or knit 24 may also be multi-layered.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 5, the storage layer 18 has a planar tubular structure 28, in the cavity 26 of which the powdered PCM material is introduced. The tubular structure 28 has a plurality of raster-sized, parallel-spaced tubular blocks 36 or channel blocks that are hermetically surrounded by a top layer and a bottom layer.

Fig. 6a, b show a further exemplary embodiment of the storage layer 18, which has a node structure 28 with nodes 40 arranged according to the raster, which are surrounded on the upper side and on the lower side by an upper and lower layer, and the internal cavities of the nodes 40 are filled with PCM material.

Fig. 7a, b show structurally the most easily implemented and preferred embodiment of the storage layer 18 which has a thin flexible flat carrier layer 42.1, for example of polyester, which is topped with an area of PCM material. The application of the PCM material can be carried out, for example, by means of a screen printing method. The extremely thin carrier layer 42.1 has raster-like ribs 44 which form, for example, a polygonal or circular recess pattern with polygonal or circular recesses 46 which are filled with PCM material. Alternatively, the carrier layer 42.1 according to FIG. 8a, b in the form of a flexible thin lattice structure 48 can be located inside a thin layer of PCM material.

This embodiment is the most energy efficient, can be produced economically, is flexible, has a slim design and can therefore be preferably used for the upholstery device according to the invention.

Fig. 9 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the upholstery device 10.4 in cross section, which is also surrounded by a translucent cover layer 12. Under the upper side of the upper cover layer 12 there is a closed, but openable and closable, upholstery shell 15 in which a functional layer 19 is installed in the form of a storage layer with PCM material. The storage layer shown in FIG. 4 to 8 accumulation layers 24, 28, 38, 41.1 or 42.2. As a result, the functional layer 19 is securely positioned within the upholstery device 10.4. The upholstery shell 15 is also translucent at least on its upper side, which in the exemplary embodiment is realized by means of the existing perforation pattern 17 (holes). Below the upholstery shell 15 is made insulating layer 20 in the form of a layer of synthetic knitwear. The cover layer 12 has on the side walls an opening and closing mechanism, which in the exemplary embodiment is made in the form of a zipper 12.

Claims (72)

1. An upholstery device (10), in particular an upholstery liner or an upholstery cushion, having - an upper side (30), a lower side (32) and side walls (34) provided between the upper side (30) and the lower side (32) with passing along the outer perimeter, having - surrounding the upper side (30), side walls (34) and lower side (32) cover layer (12) and - located under the top cover layer (12) upholstery layer (14), different in that - the cover layer (12) is translucent at least on the upper side, - the upholstery layer (14) is made translucent at least on the upper side, - under the upholstery layer (14) is located at least in some places, in particular over the entire surface, absorbing heat, in particular a flexible absorption layer (16), and above or below the absorption layer (16) is located in functional connection with the absorption layer (16 ) the solar heat storage layer (18) which has a phase change material, the so-called PCM material, - or under the upholstery layer (14) is made at least in some places, in particular over the entire surface, a functional layer (19) with a solar heat storage layer (24, 28, 38, 42.1, 42.2) from an integrated solar thermal material with a phase change, so called PCM-material, and the functional layer (19) has in particular the absorption layer (16). 2. Upholstery device according to claim 1, different in that - the upholstery layer (14) is formed on one side by the upper side of the upholstery shell (15), which surrounds the functional layer (19), i.e. the functional layer (19) is located inside the upholstery shell (15). 3. Upholstery according to claim 1 or 2, different in that - under the solar heat storage layer (18) or the functional layer (19) there is an insulating layer (20) or the underside of the upholstery shell (15). 4. Upholstery according to claim 2 or 3, different in that - the upholstery layer (14)/upholstery shell (15) is perforated. 5. Upholstery device according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, different in that - the upholstery layer (14) is made in the form of a three-dimensional separating knitwear or separating textile knitwear or in the form of a unidirectional fabric with a three-dimensional fibrous structure, and/or the insulating layer (20) is made in the form of a single-layer or multilayer non-woven material or in the form of a three-dimensional separating knitwear or separating textile knitwear or in the form of a unidirectional fabric with a three-dimensional fibrous structure. 6. Upholstery device according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, different in that - the storage layer (18)/functional layer (19) is made in the form of a single or multilayer PCM knitwear. 7. Upholstery device according to any one of paragraphs. 1-6, different in that the storage layer (18)/functional layer (19) has closed cavities into which, in particular, powdered PCM material is introduced/filled. 8. Upholstery according to claim 7, different in that the cavities are in the form of a grid, located in particular between two layers of closed tubular/channel structures that delimit the cavities, which are filled with PCM material. 9. Upholstery device according to claim 7, different in that the cavities are in the form of raster-like arrangements, in particular between two cavity-limiting layers of closed nodal structures, which are filled with the PCM material in the material. 10. Upholstery device according to any one of paragraphs. 7-9, different in that - the upholstery layer (14) has recesses open from the bottom side, in particular embossed, which at least partially accommodate the contour of the outer perimeter of the tubular/channel structure or the nodal structure of the storage layer (18) or the functional layer (19), and/or the insulating layer (20) has recesses open from the top side, in particular embossed, which at least partially accommodate the contour of the outer perimeter of the tubular/channel structure or the nodal structure of the accumulation layer (18) or the functional layer (19). 11. Upholstery device according to any one of paragraphs. 1-10, different in that the storage layer (18)/functional layer (19) has, in particular, a flexible carrier layer, which is made flat or latticed and on which/on which the PCM material is applied/placed. 12. Upholstery according to claim 11, different in that - the carrier layer consists of a polymeric material, in particular polyester. 13. Upholstery according to item 11 or 12, different in that - flat carrier layer has ribs arranged according to the raster with recesses between the ribs with circumferential contours defined and given by the ribs, the recesses being filled in area with PCM material. 14. Upholstery device according to item 11 or 12, different in that - the lattice carrier layer is located inside the layer of PCM material. 15. Upholstery device according to any one of paragraphs. 1-14, different in that - the absorption layer (16) is made in the form of a single-layer or multi-layer non-woven material or a fabric block. 16. Upholstery device according to any one of paragraphs. 1-15, different in that the absorption layer (16)/functional layer (19) has a light-absorbing color, in particular black. 17. Upholstery device according to any one of paragraphs. 1-16, different in that - below the insulating layer (20) there is a separating layer (22). 18. Upholstery device according to any one of paragraphs. 1-17, different in that - the cover layer (12) is in the form of a fabric layer or carrier layer, in particular of textile or synthetic fibres, and is covered on the upper side with a translucent material, in particular silicone or a polymeric material, in particular polyurethane. 19. Upholstery device according to claim 5, different in that - the separating knitted fabrics of the upholstery layer (14) and/or the insulating layer (20) have at least one outer layer, which is formed from monofilaments. 20. Upholstery device according to any one of paragraphs. 1-19, different in that - the cover layer (12) is made in the form of a membrane layer, which, on the one hand, is made waterproof, so that water cannot penetrate inside the upholstery device (10), and on the other hand, vapor-permeable, so that the steam generated during heating can diffuse outward, or under cover layer (12), a similar membrane layer is positioned separately under the cover layer (12) so that no moisture can penetrate into the upholstery. 21. Upholstery device according to any one of paragraphs. 1-20, different in that - the storage layer (18)/functional layer (19) is surrounded by a waterproof but vapor-permeable membrane layer at least on the top side, or on the top and bottom sides. 22. Upholstery device according to any one of paragraphs. 1-21, different in that - the absorption layer (16) is located both above and below the accumulation layer (18).

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