RU2775302C1 - Device for sampling and evaluating liquid samples - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ecology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ecology. Disclosed is a device for sampling and evaluating liquid samples, containing a sampling container with inlet and outlet openings, inside of which there is a cylindrical shell with a smaller diameter, installed coaxially with the sampling container, while at the inlet of the sampling container there is a spiral helicoidal pipe connected to a pump for supplying liquid , while the cylindrical shell, located in the center of the sampling container, is attached by a bracket to the wall of the sampling container, and an optoelectronic sensor is placed inside the cylindrical shell, the output of which is connected to the on-board computer through the measuring unit.

EFFECT: invention provides an increase in the environmental safety of natural reservoirs and water purification systems due to the rapid detection and reliable assessment of the content of small particles in it.

4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ecology, namely, to devices for assessing and purifying water in natural reservoirs, as well as in water purification systems.

In recent years, there has been a problem of pollution of natural water bodies (rivers, lakes, seas, oceans) with small particles resulting from the destruction of plastic products, including polyethylene, and various organic pollutants. Traces of these pollutions are found even in the Arctic. Some types of pollution actively affect the marine fauna and flora, penetrating into various living objects, which leads to the death or mutation of the living world.

Therefore, the problem arose of detecting and evaluating such pollution, and in the future, cleaning natural water bodies.

Known devices for sampling water (liquid) for the purpose of its analysis.

Device for sampling water from under-ice reservoirs [RF Patent No. 2645539, G01N 1/10, 21.02.2018, bul. No. 6] contains an outer housing located with a gap, inside it an internal vessel for sampling the water under study, a piston with an electromagnet is installed inside the vessel for sampling water. On the side surface in the upper part of the inner vessel there is a hole for the analyzed water sample to enter the vessel, in the bottom of the inner vessel there is another hole for draining water into the outer casing. In the gap between the outer case and the inner vessel there is a tube, which is a sampling tube, one end of which is brought out to ensure tightness through an opening in the bottom of the outer case. The upper part of the lid of the inner vessel has two through holes with plugs; inside the collar of the lid, a through vertical hole is made along its entire height, into which the second end of the sampling tube is sealed. To the side of this hole in the collar towards the inner vessel, two holes are made, the first of which is aligned with the hole on the wall in the upper part of the inner vessel for the input of the analyzed water sample, and the second hole in the collar is aligned with the upper gap between the lid and the edge of the inner vessel for providing clearance communication between the inner vessel and the outer casing. The device ensures high-quality water sampling, since at the time of sampling, drilling fluid from the outer walls of the device does not enter the sampling vessel.

There is also known a complex for sampling water and the method of its operation [RF Patent No. 2548464, E21B 49/08, G01N 1/10, 20.04.2015, bul. No. 11], the sampler of which contains a cylindrical body, on which two elastic rubber cuffs are located, with a diameter equal to the diameter of the well, side holes are made in the wall of the cylindrical body - the middle one - for receiving water from the working horizon and is located between two cuffs, the top one is located above the upper cuff, the lower one - under the lower cuff, the upper and lower holes are transit and are interconnected by a tube passing inside the cylindrical body of the sampler, the lower part of the cylindrical body is connected to the water inlet through a flange attached to the cylindrical body, the upper part of the cylindrical body is connected to the bracket for lifting the sampler and the water inlet connected to it. The device allows you to take water samples directly from each studied horizon of the aquifer.

Closest to the claimed technical solution is a device for fluid sampling [ed. certificate USSR No. 983489, G01N 1/10, publ. 12/23/1982], containing a sampling container with inlet and outlet holes, placed coaxially with them, located inside a cylindrical shell.

A common disadvantage of these devices is that they do not allow for the assessment of contamination in the form of small inclusions of plastic, including polyethylene, when pumping liquid from the aquatic environment (natural reservoir). In addition, the existing control methods do not allow a reliable assessment of this type of pollution. These include laboratory methods of analysis by sampling, lidar assessments using aero-, space objects. However, the low density of objects and the small mass of particles do not make it possible to detect them from lidars, and sampling does not provide a reliable assessment of vast areas of natural water bodies.

To obtain a reliable assessment of the degree of pollution of the aquatic environment in the form of small inclusions made of plastic, the authors suggest using devices for swirling fluid flows [4–6]. These include the spiral helicoidal Schauberger tube. As a result of the use of devices for swirling fluid flows, the water flow in the pipe is divided into light and heavy fractions. Heavy fractions are concentrated closer to the pipe walls. Light fractions containing various contaminants, including microplastic particles, are concentrated in the center of the stream. Such devices are used when pumping mixtures of liquid and ore, pumping oil products, as well as for cleaning liquids from fine pollutants in the form of various polluting particles, for example, in the form of sand.

To implement the assessment of water pollution in the form of small fractions of plastic, it is proposed to create mobile surface or underwater vehicles (stations), for example, based on small vessels equipped with devices for passing water flow through the measuring unit, which can detect and evaluate pollution in a selected area of water object. This assumes a continuous assessment of the water jet flowing through the mobile station in the reservoir.

The objective of the invention is to develop a device for detecting and assessing the degree of contamination in the form of fine particles (light fractions) contained in natural reservoirs and water purification systems.

The technical result is to increase the environmental safety of natural reservoirs and water purification systems due to the rapid detection and reliable assessment of the content of small particles (light fractions) in it, and further purification of the aquatic environment from this type of pollution through the use of a helicoidal pipe, a pump in its design, for liquid supply and a cylindrical shell equipped with an optoelectronic sensor connected to a measuring unit connected to an on-board computer.

The task is achieved by the fact that, in comparison with the known technical solution, which includes a sampling container with inlet and outlet openings, inside which a cylindrical shell with a smaller diameter is placed, installed coaxially with the sampling container, in the proposed technical solution, a spiral helicoidal pipe is installed at the inlet of the sampling container, connected to the pump for supplying liquid, while the cylindrical shell, located in the center of the sampling container, is attached by a bracket to the wall of the sampling container, and an optoelectronic, for example, an infrared laser sensor is placed inside the cylindrical shell, the output of which is connected to the on-board computer through the measuring unit.

A block diagram of a device for sampling and evaluating liquid samples is shown in figure 1.

The device contains a sampling container 1 in the form of a pipe with inlet and outlet openings, inside which is placed a cylindrical shell 2 with a smaller diameter, installed coaxially with the sampling container 1, at the inlet of the sampling container 1 there is a helical helical pipe 3 connected to a pump 4 for supplying liquid from reservoir, while the cylindrical shell 2 is placed in the center of the sampling container 1 and is attached by a bracket 4 to the wall of the sampling container 1, inside the cylindrical shell 2 there is an optoelectronic laser sensor 5, operating, for example, in the infrared range of the spectrum, and designed to detect contaminants in the form of small particles, the output of the sensor 5 through the measuring unit 6, designed for conversion and pre-processing of signals from the optoelectronic laser sensor 5, is connected to the on-board computer 7, which counts the number of portions of pollution for a certain time, which makes it possible to evaluate the pollution water reservoirs.

The measuring unit 6 can be made on the basis of a microcontroller containing a microprocessor core connected by a system bus to a FLASH program memory, SRAM data memory, a multichannel analog-to-digital converter, to one of the lines of which the sensor output 5 is connected, and a universal asynchronous UART transceiver, the output of which is connected to the on-board computer.

The device works as follows.

The proposed device is installed on a mobile surface or underwater vehicle (station), which moves in the water area selected for research, in a natural reservoir. When it moves, water is pumped into the helicoidal Schauberger tube 3 using a pump 4. When the liquid moves through the Schauberger tube 3, it unwinds. In this case, heavy fractions of contaminants are pressed against the walls of the sampling container 1, and light fractions of contaminants are concentrated in the center of the sampling container 1, penetrating into the inner shell 2. The optoelectronic laser sensor 5 detects contamination (light fractions) and transmits a signal through the measuring unit 6 to the on-board computer 7 , which counts the portions of pollution, for example, in the form of small plastic particles over time, which makes it possible to obtain an assessment of the contamination of the received samples of the flowing liquid. After the exit of water from the inner shell 2 and passing through the intake tank 1, the water returns to the pond.

The degree of contamination will be assessed by the number of detected portions of plastic to the volume of liquid that has passed through the pipe. The more liquid passes through the pipe, the more reliable will be the assessment of the pollution of the reservoir in the water area allocated for the study.

Thus, the proposed device allows you to more accurately determine the pollution of the water area of the reservoir with small fractions of plastic and organic matter, which increases the degree of environmental safety of natural reservoirs and water purification systems. The design of the device makes it possible to manufacture mobile stations for monitoring pollution of water areas with plastic and organic objects with small dimensions (micrometers). An additional result provided by the proposed device is a higher productivity of determining the percentage (degree) of pollution of the reservoir water area, due to the use of a measuring unit based on a microcontroller in its design.

1. A device for sampling water from under-ice reservoirs. RF patent No. 2645539, G01N 1/10, application: 2016137236, 09/16/2016. Published 02/21/2018, bul. No. 6.

2. Complex for water sampling and method of its operation. RF patent No. 2548464. E21B 49/08, G01N 1/10, application: 2013132399/03, 07/15/2013. Published 20.04.2015, bul. No. 11.

3. Liquid sampling device. Auth. certificate USSR No. 983489, G01N 1/10, application: 2608370/25-26, 04/18/1978. Published 12/23/1982, bul. No. 47.

4. Schauberger V. Energy of water. - M.: "Yauza", "Eksmo", 2007. - 320 p.

5. Helmholtz G. Fundamentals of the vortex theory. M.: IKI, 2002. - 82 p.

6. Greenspan X. Theory of rotating fluids. Gidrometeoizdat, L.: 1975. - 304 p.

Claims (4)

1. A device for taking and evaluating liquid samples, containing a sampling container with inlet and outlet openings, inside of which there is a cylindrical shell with a smaller diameter, installed coaxially with the sampling container, characterized in that a spiral helicoidal pipe connected to a pump is installed at the inlet of the sampling container. for supplying liquid, while the cylindrical shell, located in the center of the sampling container, is attached by a bracket to the wall of the sampling container, and an optoelectronic sensor is placed inside the cylindrical shell, the output of which is connected to the on-board computer through the measuring unit. 2. The device according to claim. 1, characterized in that the optoelectronic sensor is made in the form of a laser infrared sensor. 3. The device according to claim. 1, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of its installation on a surface vehicle. 4. The device according to claim. 1, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of its installation on an underwater vehicle.

Images