RU2774198C1 - Method for clearing an artificial runway from snow - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aviation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to aviation, namely, to methods for clearing an artificial runway (hereinafter the runway) from snow at aerodromes while simultaneously moving the snow. The method for clearing an artificial runway from snow consists in applying a detail of snow removal equipment, including at least plough-brush and screw-rotor cleaners for impact on the snow cover and subsequent removal thereof from the artificial runway. Prior to clearing the artificial runway from snow, the detail of snow removal equipment is divided into independent autonomous groups. Dividing, with a thickness of the snow cover from 5 to 10 cm, into at least two groups, and with a thickness of the snow cover from 10 cm or more, into three or more groups. With a thickness of the snow cover from 5 to 10 cm, the first group therein starts clearing from the centre of the runway, and the other group, stepping from the edge of the runway to the width of the cleared surface at one run. After the first run along the entire perimeter of the runway is completed, the snow ridge formed at the edge of the runway begins to be dumped on the outside of the runway using a screw-rotor snow removal machine. The second group working from the centre of the runway therein continues to move the snow ridge further towards the edge of the runway over the already cleared surface. After that, the second group, which has completed the run from the edge of the runway, joins the first group at the turn at the end of the runway, the snow ridge is moved by means of the whole detail to the edge, where the work is continued by the screw-rotor snow removal machine, and the process of clearing the runway is completed. The work of the screw-rotor snow removal machine therein continues essentially simultaneously with the plough-brush snow removal machines, therein ensuring a continuous and simultaneous cycle of heterogeneous types of work. Upon the plough-brush snow removal machines completing the work, the screw-rotor snow removal machine continues to dump the next snow ridge from the edge of the runway. With a thickness of snow-type precipitation of more than 10 cm, the work is started with a step from the edge of the runway, and the ridges start to be dumped by the screw-rotor snow removal machines simultaneously with the beginning of work of the plough-brush snow removal machines from the edge of the runway. In the first runs, using each group of the plough-brush snow removal machines, the corresponding ridges thereof are moved to the edge of the runway to be dumped outside of the surface, and upon the end of the run, the unit cuts the next portion of the collected clearing mass or joins the last group moving the last collected clearing mass from the centre of the runway.

EFFECT: reduced time for clearing an aerodrome with the ensured necessary quality of the runway surface for safe reception and launching of aircraft during heavy snowfall, as well as increase in the promptness of runway clearing, reduced labour costs and machine-hours, conserved material resources.

1 cl, 2 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to aviation, namely to methods for clearing snow on an artificial runway (hereinafter referred to as the runway) at airfields with simultaneous movement of snow.

Known generally accepted requirements for the condition of the runway coatings for the safe operation of aircraft (hereinafter referred to as the aircraft) in the winter. The runway must be cleared of contaminants, which are snow, ice, ice run, slush, water, foreign objects, etc. over the entire length and width, while it is necessary to provide a coefficient of friction sufficient for safe flight operations, excluding overrunning beyond the runway. ("Manual for the operation of aerodromes" REGARF - 1994).

A known method of cleaning the runway, in which snow removal begins at the end of the snowfall, or when the thickness of the snow cover on the cover of 5 cm or more, when the flight becomes unsafe.

According to the existing technology, the cleaning of the airfield is carried out by plow-brush and auger snowplows. The runway cleaning scheme is used, in which the arrangement of equipment occurs in a single front, with a division into a group of special equipment with disabled brushes, and a group of special equipment following them with brushes on. The first group of machines moves the snow with a plow, because. the power of a snowplow without a brush is greater, and the second one sweeps with brushes. The resulting snow shafts are thrown by rotary augers to the edge of the runway and, upon completion of the cleaning of the coatings, the shaft is again thrown outside the runway coatings (“Manual for the operation of airfields” by REGA RF - 1994, REA of the RF Air Force - 2006 - prototype).

The disadvantages of this method are the long or long runway preparation time for aircraft takeoff and landing and the quality of the runway, which affects flight safety, i.e. adhesion coefficient.

When cleaning the runway by the existing known method, when raking and moving snow with special equipment without the included brush equipment, a snow roll is formed, which reduces the friction coefficient to unacceptable. A snow bank up to 100 cm high accumulates on a part of the runway cover, which provides significant resistance to the movement of plow-brush snow plows, and stops their work until the snow bank is eliminated. To resume work, the snow shaft is thrown by auger cleaners to the edge of the runway, and only then work is resumed on cleaning the coatings with plow-brush snowplows. At the end of cleaning with plow-brush snowplows, the formed snow shaft from the edge of the runway is repeatedly dumped outside the runway, while the snowplows make one more additional rut.

To remove snow and ice buildup, it is necessary to perform additional work: a chemical cleaning method, a thermal cleaning method, or a combined one. Depending on the state of aggregation of snow, dry or wet, run-up pollution can range from 50 to 100% of the runway area. This reduces the efficiency and quality of runway processing, increases the cost of material resources and time, because. it is necessary to use reagents, attract additional machines - thermal and wind, consuming a large amount of kerosene - up to 900 l / h, an additional number of personnel.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the cleaning time of the airfield with the provision of the necessary quality of the runway coating for the safe reception and release of aircraft in heavy snow conditions when the unsafe snow thickness on the runway exceeds 5 cm, increasing the efficiency of cleaning the runway, reducing labor costs and machine hours, saving material resources .

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the proposed method of clearing snow from an artificial runway, which consists in the use of a detachment of snow removal equipment, which includes at least plow-brush and auger snowplows to affect the snow cover and its subsequent removal from artificial runway, according to the invention, before clearing snow from the artificial runway, the detachment of snowplows is divided into independent autonomous groups, and, with a snow cover thickness of 5 to 10 cm, they are divided into at least two groups, and with a snow cover thickness of 10 cm or more, they are divided into three or more groups, while, with a snow cover thickness of 5 to 10 cm, the first group starts cleaning from the center of the runway, and the other group indents from the edge of the runway by a width capture of the surface to be cleaned during one run, while after the completion of the first run along the full perimeter of the runway, which formed On the edge of the runway, a snow shaft begins to be thrown out of the runway using a snow blower, while the second group, working from the center of the runway, continues to move the snow shaft further to the edge of the runway already along the cleared surface, after which, the second group, which has completed its rut from the edge The runway is connected at the turn at the end of the runway to the first one, after which the snow shaft is moved by a full detachment to the edge, where the rotary auger continues to work, and the runway cleaning is completed, and the operation of the rotary auger snowplow proceeds almost simultaneously with the plow-brush snowplows, and at the same time provide continuous and a simultaneous cycle of heterogeneous types of work, and the rotary auger, after the end of the work of the plow-brush snowplows, continues to dump the secondary shaft from the edge of the runway, while, if the thickness of the precipitation in the form of snow is more than 10 cm, the work begins with an indent from the edge of the runway, and the dumping of the shafts auger snowplows begin simultaneously with the work of the plow-brush x snowplows from the edge of the runway, with the help of each group of plow-brush snowplows, during the initial ruts, move their shaft to the edge of the runway to be thrown out of the coverage and at the end of the rut, cut off the next portion of the cleaning grip or join the last group moving the last grip cleaning from the runway center.

The essence of this method is illustrated in Fig. 1-2. In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the arrangement of snowplows and the direction of movement of equipment in the cleaning process, in Fig. 2 shows the result of cleaning and the formation of a snow bank at the edge of the runway, followed by cleaning.

In FIG. 1-2 marked:

1 - the first group of plow-brush snowplows;

2 - the second group of plow-brush snowplows;

3 - rut (full passage of a group of cars along the runway perimeter);

4 - auger snowplow;

5 - artificial runway;

6 - cleaned coating;

7 - cleaned coating;

8 - the direction of movement of the plow-brush snowplows during the rut;

9 - taxiway;

10 - snow shaft.

The auger snowplow does not enter the runway so as not to roll over and works along the edge of the runway.

The proposed method can be implemented as follows.

A detachment of snowplows, which includes plow-brush and auger snowplows, drives onto the runway (5) simultaneously from the taxiway (RD) (9) in the direction of travel (8) and is divided into two groups. Methods for arranging equipment depend on the thickness of the snow and are divided into two options: the first - for the thickness of snowfall from 5 to 10 cm, and the second - for the thickness of snow on the surface of more than 10 cm (Fig. 1).

In the first option (the thickness of the fallen snow is from 5 to 10 cm), one group of plow-brush snowplows (1) starts cleaning from the center of the runway, and the other group of plow-brush snowplows (2) with an indent from the edge of the runway to the width of the cleared surface (7) with one rut (3) (rut - simultaneous passage of a group of cars along the lane along the full perimeter), in which the height of the snow shaft (10) should not exceed 60-100 cm (depending on the severity of snow - dry or wet) (Fig. 1).

After the first run (the full perimeter of the runway), a snow shaft formed on the edge of the runway begins to throw the auger snowplow (4) out of the runway.

The group working from the center of the runway (1) continues to move the snow bank further to the edge of the runway, already along the cleared surface (6), so the snow bank does not increase to a height of more than 60-100 cm.

The second group (2), having finished its rut from the edge, joins the first one at the turn at the end of the runway and complete the cleaning of the runway by a full detachment, pulling the snow bank to the edge, where the auger snowplow continues to work (Fig. 2).

The work of the auger snowplow goes almost simultaneously with the plow-brush snowplows, which ensures a continuous and simultaneous cycle of diverse types of work. At the end of the work of the plow-brush snowplows, the auger snowplow continues to dump the re-shaft from the edge of the runway (Fig. 2).

If the thickness of the precipitation is more than 10 cm, the work is organized with minor changes, but according to the same principles: move a feasible snow shaft along the cleared surface of the coating to the edge of the runway. A detachment consisting of two groups of plow-brush snowplows (more than two groups, three or more groups) begins to work with an indent from the edge, cutting captures of sufficient width from the uncleaned surface of the runway cover, at which the snow bank does not exceed the indicated limits of 60-100 cm. The number of gons increases, but the quality of the cleaned surface of the coating does not suffer. The dumping of shafts by auger snowplows begins simultaneously with the operation of plow-brush snowplows, also from the edge of the runway. The main time of work is the work of auger snowplows due to lower operating speed and productivity. Each group of plow-brush snowplows, during the initial ruts, moves its shaft to the edge of the runway, to drop it outside the coverage and at the end of the rut, cuts off the next portion of the cleaning grip or joins the last group of plow-brush snowploughs, moving the last cleaning grip from the center of the runway ( Fig. 2).

To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, comparative calculations are given on the example of the state airport, Voronezh.

Initial data: there is an artificial runway (RWY) with dimensions of 2300 m × 50 m; h is the thickness of snowfall on the surface - 8 cm. The calculation was made on average conditions for the middle zone of the Russian Federation, the number of standard equipment was taken from the practice of using for a strip with given dimensions. Proceeding from this, it is accepted: the number of plow-brush snowplows - 6 units; number of auger snowplows 4 units; the number of thermal engines - 3 units.

As practice shows, the working speed of auger snowplows is less than the speed of plow-brush snowplows, therefore, a simplified formula is used for the calculation, the calculation error with the simplified formula and the formula recommended by the REGA management is not critical and the error in the difference is not significant, because the technical condition of standard equipment may be different.

The formula for calculating the operating time of plow-brush snowplows:

where:

- T - work time (min (hour)),

- G - the number of gons (gon - the full perimeter of the runway);

- L - head length; (L=4700 m);

The formula for calculating the operating time of auger snowplows:

where:

- P - performance of the rotary auger snowplow (t/min);

- M - mass of snow on the runway (t).

Formula for calculating the performance of auger machines:

where:

- B - width of the snow plow (m) (B = 2 m);

- _Vcp. - average working speed of snowplows - m/min (km/h);

- V _{cp 1.} \u003d 167 m / min - the average operating speed of plow-brush snowplows;

- V _{ip (shr)} - 67 m/min (4 km/h) - average working speed of auger snowplows;

- V _{cp (ТМ)} - 42 m/min (2.5 km/h) - average operating speed of thermal engines;

- ρ - density of bunded snow, t/m ³ - 0.3 t/m ³ ;

- h _n - the thickness of the snow-ice run - 0.03 m (3 cm);

Weather conditions: dry snow, air temperature -5°С, wind up to 3 m/s.

As a result of the application of the method, the time for cleaning the airfield is reduced from 15 hours to 5 hours, labor costs are reduced by 35 machine hours, fuel savings will be 428 liters of gasoline and 25,650 liters of kerosene.

When calculating the operating time according to the cleaning method according to the REGA, the operating time and the amount of snow removed increases to 50% due to the fact that the first raked shaft remains on the runway and is dumped onto the runway by a snow blower to the edge of the runway, as a result of which the snow is re-transferred. With the proposed method, such a transfer does not occur. Thus, with the proposed method, the cleaning time is reduced by three times, the operation of thermal machines and the use of chemicals are excluded, which made it possible to reduce time, material and labor resources.

The use of the proposed technical solution will reduce the time for preparing airfields in conditions of heavy snowfalls of any intensity, increase the efficiency of cleaning the runway and the combat readiness of military aviation units, reduce labor costs and machine hours, carry out cleaning with available forces and means without involving additional types of equipment for chemical or thermal cleaning methods runway.

Claims (1)

A method for clearing snow from an artificial runway, which consists in the use of a detachment of snow-removing equipment, which includes at least plow-brush and auger cleaners for influencing the snow cover and its subsequent removal from an artificial runway, characterized in that that before clearing snow from an artificial runway, a snow-removing team is divided into independent autonomous groups, and with a snow cover thickness of 5 to 10 cm they are divided into at least two groups, and with a snow cover thickness of 10 cm or more they are divided into three or more groups, while with a snow cover thickness of 5 to 10 cm, the first group starts cleaning from the center of the runway, and the other group indents from the edge of the runway to the width of the surface to be cleaned during one rut, while after the completion of the first rut, the full perimeter of the runway, a shaft of snow formed on the edge of the runway begins to be dumped outside the runway using auger snowplow, while the second group, working from the center of the runway, continues to move the snow bank further to the edge of the runway already along the cleared surface, after which the second group, which has completed its rut from the edge of the runway, joins the first at the turn at the end of the runway, after which it completes the detachment moves the snow shaft to the edge where the rotary auger snowplow continues to work, and the runway is cleaned, and the operation of the auger snowplow goes almost simultaneously with the plow-brush snowplows, and at the same time provides a continuous and simultaneous cycle of dissimilar types of work, and the auger snowplow after completion of the plow - brush snowplows continue to dump the secondary shaft from the edge of the runway, while with a thickness of precipitation in the form of snow of more than 10 cm, work begins with an indent from the edge of the runway, and the dumping of shafts by snowplows begins simultaneously with the operation of plow-brush snowplows from the edge of the runway, while with each group The plow-brush snowplows, during the initial ruts, move their shaft to the edge of the runway for dropping outside the cover and, at the end of the rut, cut off the next portion of the cleaning grip or join the last group that moves the last cleaning grip from the runway center.

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